KR20200058900A - Cosmetic composition comprising Salvia miltiorrhiza extract or fermented product and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a skin whitening, wrinkle alleviation, or ultraviolet ray blocking cosmetic composition comprising an extract or a fermented product of Salvia miltiorrhiza; a food composition comprising the extract or the fermented product of Salvia miltiorrhiza; and a method for manufacturing the Salvia miltiorrhiza extract and the Salvia miltiorrhiza fermented product. The composition of the present invention comprises the extract or the fermented product of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The extract or the fermented product has excellent skin whitening, wrinkle alleviation, and ultraviolet ray blocking effects, thereby being used as a cosmetic composition or a food composition for antiaging.

Description

Cosmetic composition comprising Salvia miltiorrhiza extract or fermentation and its use {Cosmetic composition comprising Salvia miltiorrhiza extract or fermented product and use thereof}

The present invention includes a single ginseng ( Salvia miltiorrhiza ) extract or fermentation product, cosmetic composition for skin whitening, wrinkle improvement or UV protection; A food composition comprising the single ginseng extract or fermentation product; It relates to a method for producing the ginseng extract and the fermented ginseng.

Skin aging is caused by changes in skin color or elasticity, and is divided into endogenous aging that occurs naturally due to intrinsic factors and exogenous aging caused by external factors. Endogenous aging is primarily genetically determined, which determines structural changes in skin cells and tissues. Meanwhile, the main factors of exogenous aging are environmental or physiological factors such as malnutrition, fatigue, stress, and ultraviolet rays, and this is a factor that can be prevented and managed unlike endogenous aging. In relation to this, as the interest in skin beauty and related products has recently increased, the demand for consumers for functional cosmetic compositions for skin care purposes such as whitening, elasticity enhancement, and sun protection is also increasing.

The color or brightness of the skin is determined according to the concentration and distribution of melanin in the skin. In the melanin, tyrosinase acts as a catalyst, and tyrosine is sequentially dopa (DOPA) and dopaquinone (dopaquinone). It is known that it is converted and then produced through a non-enzymatic oxidation reaction. In addition, collagen (collagen) is a major matrix protein produced in fibroblasts of the skin, and is known to play a role in skin mechanical robustness, resistance to connective tissue and maintenance of adhesion of tissue, and support of cell adhesion. This collagen decreases due to factors such as aging and ultraviolet irradiation, which is closely related to the formation of “wrinkle” on the skin.

Recently, research on materials for the purpose of skin whitening and wrinkle improvement has improved the wrinkles by inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase to inhibit melanin biosynthesis, substances that regulate the expression of proteins involved in the mechanism of melanogenesis, or promoting collagen synthesis. The focus is on the substances that are effective. Arbutin, hydroquinone, ascorbic acid, which are used for whitening and wrinkle improvement purposes; Or retinoic acid (retinoic acid), TGF (transforming growth factor) and the like are known, respectively, but they have a problem in that it is difficult to achieve a practically desired effect due to limitations in use amount due to skin safety problems or insignificant effect.

On the other hand, “Salvia miltiorrhiza” is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Lamiaceae, similar to the form of ginseng, and has a reddish glow. The main pharmacological activity is known to promote blood circulation, coronary artery expansion, lowering cholesterol and lowering blood pressure, but the activity related to skin whitening, wrinkle improvement and UV protection has not been known.

Thus, the inventors of the present invention have tried to find a material capable of achieving an anti-aging purpose while securing skin safety. As a result, the extract or fermented product of Danwon, a native plant of Gangwon, is a natural material that is safe when applied to a living body, while whitening the skin. , The present invention was completed by discovering an excellent effect on wrinkle improvement and UV protection.

Korea Patent Publication 10-2006-0111857 A

One object of the present invention is to provide a cosmetic composition for skin whitening, wrinkle improvement, or sun protection, comprising an extract or fermentation product of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a food composition for skin whitening, wrinkle improvement or UV protection, including the single ginseng extract or fermentation product.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a ginseng extract comprising the step of extracting ginseng using an extraction solvent.

Another object of the present invention is the step of extracting ginseng using an extraction solvent; And comprising the step of fermenting the extract obtained in the extraction step yeast fermentation, lactic acid bacteria fermentation, fermentation of bifidobacteria or fungus, to provide a method for producing a single ginseng fermentation.

Specifically, it is as follows. Meanwhile, each description and embodiment disclosed in the present application may be applied to each other description and embodiment. That is, all combinations of the various elements disclosed in this application fall within the scope of this application. In addition, the scope of the present application is not considered to be limited by the specific descriptions described below.

One aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is to provide a cosmetic composition for skin whitening, wrinkle improvement or UV protection, comprising a extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza or fermentation.

In addition, the present invention includes a single ginseng ( Salvia miltiorrhiza), tuna ( Aster scaber ), elbow ( Oplopanax Elatus ) and oak ( Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus ) containing at least one extract or fermentation, skin whitening, wrinkle improvement Or to provide a cosmetic composition for sun protection. Specifically, the cosmetic composition may be a combination of fermentation products fermented with extracts of each of ginseng, tuna, yamdu and oak, and may be a microbial fermentation product of a mixture of the extracts of dansam, tuna, yamdu and oak.

In addition, the present invention is a cosmetic composition for skin whitening, wrinkle improvement or UV protection, comprising one or more extracts or fermented products selected from the group consisting of Dansam, Bokhwahwa, Jongdaehwang, McMoondong Seed, Gompi, Lotus and Chaga Mushroom to provide.

The present invention finds that the extract or fermentation product of Danwon, a native plant of Gangwon, is a natural material and is safe when applied to a living body, but has an excellent effect on skin whitening, wrinkle improvement and UV protection. It is based on the technical idea to be used for the composition and the like, and it was first identified by the present inventors for skin whitening, wrinkle improvement and sunscreen activity of a ginseng extract or a fermented product.

In the present invention, the term " salvia ( Salvia miltiorrhiza )" is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae, similar to the form of ginseng and exhibiting a reddish glow. The height is about 40 to 80 cm, the flowers are purple and bloom around May to June, and the root is used as a medicinal herb. The main pharmacological activity is known to promote blood circulation, coronary artery expansion, lowering cholesterol and lowering blood pressure, but there is no known activity related to skin whitening, wrinkle improvement and UV protection. The single ginseng can be purchased commercially, or can be used without limitation being harvested or cultivated in nature. In addition, the ginseng can be used without limitation on parts such as flowers, leaves, fruits, seeds, roots or stems.

The term “extract” in the present invention is a result of immersing a desired substance in various solvents, and then extracting it for a period of time at room temperature, low temperature or heating, and solid components obtained by removing the solvent from the liquid components. Means In addition, it can be comprehensively interpreted to include all of the diluents of the above-mentioned products, their concentrates, dried products obtained by drying them, or their modifiers, tablets, and the like.

The extract can be extracted without limitation from natural, hybrid, and varieties. In the present invention, the type of the extraction solvent used in the preparation of the extract is not particularly limited, and any solvent known in the art may be used. Non-limiting examples of the extraction solvent is water; Lower alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, and butyl alcohol; Polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, butylene glycol, and propylene glycol; And hydrocarbon-based solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetone, benzene, hexane, diethyl ether, and dichloromethane; Or a mixture of these may be used, preferably, water, lower alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 1,3-butylene glycol, ethyl acetate may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but is not limited thereto. .

In addition, the method for obtaining the extract is not particularly limited as long as it is possible to obtain a sedentary ginseng extract, specifically, the cold extracting method for immersing the ginseng, dried ginseng and processed products in the solvent, and extracting at room temperature, Methods such as heating extraction, ultrasonic extraction using ultrasonic extraction, and reflux extraction using a reflux cooler can be used.

In the present invention, the term "fermentation" means to decompose an organic substance using an enzyme possessed by a microorganism, and the "fermentation substance" may refer to a result produced by fermentation of an organic substance of a microorganism. Specifically, in the present specification, the fermentation product may be used interchangeably with the same meaning as “fermented extract”, and the fermentation strain culture medium in which the fermentation strain and the fermentation product coexist, as well as the useful substance itself produced by fermenting the ginseng or the extract. The fermentation product obtained by centrifuging the fermentation strain from the culture medium, the fermentation product filtering the fermentation strain from the culture medium, the fermentation product sterilizing and filtering the fermentation strain from the culture medium, and the dilution liquid diluting the fermentation product, The fermented product may include all dried products.

 Specifically, in the present invention, fermented ginseng or an extract of ginseng may be fermented using an edible microbial strain, and the fermentation may be fermentation of yeast, fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, fermentation of bifidobacteria or fungal fermentation.

More specifically, the microorganism is a strain of the genus Saccharomyces (Korea Patent Application No. 10-2010-0037354), a strain of the genus Skizosaccharomyces (Korea Patent Application No. 10-2007-0038921), Strain of Lactobacillus genus (Korean patent application No. 10-2015-0071296), strain of Bifidobacterium genus (Korean patent application No. 10-2007-0038920), strain of Pediococcus genus (Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0170787), Bacillus strain (Korean Patent Application No. 10-2010-0115609), Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae ), Fusarium verticillioides, Pascilomyces variotii, Brachybacterium ginsengisoli and Inonnotus-obliquus, Cordyceps sinensis It may be one or more selected from the group consisting of fungi including medicinal mushrooms such as mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake), Phellinus linteus, Ganoderma lucidum, but is not particularly limited thereto.

More specifically, the strain of the genus Saccharomyces may be Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces boulardii or Saccharomyces ellipsoids, the ski survey The strain of the genus Caromises may be Schizosaccharomyces Ellipsoids, and the strain of the genus Lactobacillus is Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus reactus Alternatively, it may be Lactobacillus confusus, and the strain of the genus Bifidobacterium is Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum ), Bifidobacterium infantis or Bifidobacterium animalis, wherein the strain of the genus Pediococcus is Pediococcus pentosaceus or Pediococcus It may be Pediococcus acidilactici, and the Bacillus strain is Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus amyloliquefac. iens), but is not particularly limited as long as it can be used in the preparation of the fermented ginseng of the present invention.

The medium for fermenting the ginseng or the extract of ginseng can be easily selected and used by a person skilled in the art according to the type of microorganism used in the art, specifically, YM medium for yeast fermentation, MRS for lactic acid bacteria fermentation The medium may be BL medium for fermentation of Bifidobacteria and YM medium for fermentation of fungi, but is not particularly limited thereto.

In the present invention, the term “skin whitening” means not only to brighten the skin tone by inhibiting the synthesis of melanin pigments, but also to improve skin hyperpigmentation such as ultraviolet rays, hormones or genetically induced freckles.

In one embodiment of the present invention, an excellent skin whitening effect of a single ginseng extract or fermentation was confirmed, which indicates that the extract or fermentation can be utilized as a cosmetic composition or food composition for anti-aging purposes.

In the present invention, the term "wrinkle improvement" refers to inhibiting or inhibiting the formation of wrinkles on the skin or alleviating wrinkles that have already been generated, and the state in which elastin and collagen are sufficiently present in the skin layer. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that maintaining and promoting skin elasticity may also be included in the wrinkle improvement of the present invention.

In one embodiment of the present invention, an excellent wrinkle improvement effect of a single ginseng extract or fermentation was confirmed, which indicates that the extract or fermentation can be utilized as a cosmetic composition or food composition for anti-aging purposes.

In the present invention, the term "ultraviolet ray blocking" means absorbing ultraviolet rays irradiated to the skin of an individual using the composition of the present invention and dispersing it as heat energy, or scattering or reflecting ultraviolet rays to prevent skin penetration. The composition comprising the ginseng extract or fermentation product of the present invention absorbs, scatters, or reflects ultraviolet rays to block skin penetration and prevent skin troubles such as aging, eczema, and dermatitis that may occur from ultraviolet rays.

In one embodiment of the present invention, an excellent UV blocking effect of a single ginseng extract or fermentation was confirmed, which indicates that the extract or fermentation can be utilized as a cosmetic composition or food composition for anti-aging purposes.

The cosmetic composition of the present invention may include a single ginseng extract or fermented product in an amount of 0.005 to 50% by weight (w / w) based on the total weight of the composition, but is not particularly limited thereto.

In addition, the cosmetic composition is a flexible cosmetic, convergent cosmetic, nutrient cosmetic, nutrition cream, massage cream, essence, pack, skin adhesive patch, skin adhesive gel, powder, ointment, paste, gel, suspension, emulsion, spray, cosmetic liquid Or it may be formulated as a capsule, but is not particularly limited thereto.

The cosmetic composition of the present invention may further include one or more cosmetically acceptable carriers formulated in general skin cosmetics, and for example, oil, water, surfactant, moisturizer, lower alcohol, thickener, etc. Chelating agents, pigments, preservatives, fragrances, etc. may be appropriately blended, but are not limited thereto. The cosmetically acceptable carrier included in the cosmetic composition of the present invention varies depending on the formulation.

When the formulation of the present invention is a solution or emulsion, a solvent, solubilizing agent or emulsifying agent is used as a carrier component, such as water, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1 Fatty acid esters of, 3-butyl glycol oil, glycerol aliphatic esters, polyethylene glycol or sorbitan.

When the formulation of the present invention is a suspension, liquid diluents such as water, ethanol or propylene glycol as carrier components, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol, suspensions such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters and polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, microcrystals Sex cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite, tracant, or the like can be used.

When the formulation of the present invention is an ointment, paste, cream or gel, animal oil, vegetable oil, wax, paraffin, starch, tracant, cellulose derivative, polyethylene glycol, silicone, bentonite, silica, talc or zinc oxide as carrier components Can be used.

When the formulation of the present invention is a powder or a spray, lactose, talc, silica, aluminum hydroxide, calcium silicate or polyamide powder may be used as a carrier component, and in the case of a spray, additionally chlorofluorohydrocarbon, propane / Propellant such as butane or dimethyl ether.

When the formulation of the present invention is a surfactant-containing cleansing, aliphatic alcohol sulfate, aliphatic alcohol ether sulfate, sulfosuccinic acid monoester, isethionate, imidazolinium derivatives, methyltaurate, sarcosinate, fatty acid amide as a carrier component Ether sulfates, alkylamidobetaines, aliphatic alcohols, fatty acid glycerides, fatty acid diethanolamides, vegetable oils, lanolin derivatives or ethoxylated glycerol fatty acid esters can be used. In addition, the ingredients included in the cosmetic composition may be included in an amount generally used in the field of skin science.

In addition, the cosmetic composition of the present invention is auxiliaries commonly used in addition to extracts of ginseng or fermented products, such as hydrophilic or lipophilic gelling agents, hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents, preservatives, antioxidants, solvents, fragrances, fillers, blockers, pigments, adsorption Odorants and dyes.

Another aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is to provide a food composition for skin whitening, wrinkle improvement or sun protection, comprising the extract or fermented ginseng. The terms dansam, extract, fermentation, skin whitening, wrinkle improvement and UV protection are as described above.

In addition, the present invention provides a food composition for improving skin whitening or wrinkles, comprising at least one extract or fermentation material selected from the group consisting of danssam, tuna, yam, and oak. Specifically, the food composition may be a combination of fermented products of fermented extracts of each of ginseng, tuna, green beans and oak, and may be a microbial fermentation product of a mixture of extracts of red ginseng, tuna, green leaves and brown.

In the present invention, "food" is meat, sausage, bread, chocolate, candy, snacks, confectionery, pizza, ramen, other noodles, gum, ice cream, dairy products, soups, beverages, teas, drinks, alcoholic beverages, vitamin complexes , Health functional foods and health foods, and includes all foods in the ordinary sense.

The functional food (functional food) is the same term as food for special health use (FoSHU), and in addition to nutrition, it has a high medical and medical effect that is processed so that the bio-regulatory function appears efficiently. Means food. Here, the term “function (sex)” means to obtain a useful effect for health use such as adjusting nutrients or physiological effects on the structure and function of the human body. The food of the present invention can be manufactured by a method commonly used in the art, and in the case of the preparation, it can be prepared by adding raw materials and ingredients commonly added in the art. In addition, the formulation of the food can be prepared without limitation as long as it is a formulation recognized as food. The composition for food of the present invention can be manufactured in various types of formulations, and unlike general medicines, it has the advantage that there is no side effect that can occur when taking medicines for a long time using natural substances as raw materials, and it is excellent in portability. The food of the invention can be consumed as an adjuvant for anti-aging purposes through skin whitening, wrinkle improvement and UV protection.

The health food refers to foods having an active health maintenance or enhancement effect compared to general foods, and health supplement food refers to foods for health supplement purposes. In this specification, depending on the case, the terms functional foods, health foods, health supplements may be used interchangeably.

Specifically, the health functional food is a food prepared by adding the composition of the present invention to food materials such as beverages, teas, spices, gums, confectionery, or by encapsulation, powdering, suspension, etc. It means to bring about an effect, but unlike general medicines, it has the advantage that there is no side effect that can occur when taking medicines for a long time using food as a raw material.

The food composition may further include a physiologically acceptable carrier, and the type of the carrier is not particularly limited, and any carrier commonly used in the art may be used. In addition, the food composition may include additional ingredients that are commonly used in food compositions to improve odor, taste, and vision. For example, vitamin A, C, D, E, B1, B2, B6, B12, niacin, biotin, folate, pantotenic acid, and the like. In addition, minerals such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr); And amino acids such as lysine, tryptophan, cysteine, and valine.

In addition, the food composition is a preservative (potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, salicylic acid, sodium dehydroacetate, etc.), fungicides (bleached and highly bleached, sodium hypochlorite, etc.), antioxidants (butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA), butyl hydride) Hydroxytoluene (BHT, etc.), colorants (such as tar pigment), colorants (sodium nitrite, sodium nitrite, etc.), bleach (sodium sulfite), seasonings (such as MSG sodium glutamate), sweeteners (dulcin, cyclate, saccharin , Sodium, etc.), flavoring agents (vanillin, lactones, etc.), expanding agents (alum, D-potassium hydrogen sulphate, etc.), strengthening agents, emulsifying agents, thickeners (foaming agents), coating agents, gum starting agents, foam inhibitors, solvents, improvers, etc. Food additives. The additive may be selected according to the type of food and used in an appropriate amount, and is not particularly limited.

The food composition of the present invention may include a single ginseng extract or fermented product in an amount of 0.005 to 50% by weight (w / w) based on the total weight of the composition, but is not particularly limited thereto.

Another aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is to provide a method for producing a single ginseng extract comprising the step of extracting the ginseng using an extraction solvent. The terms dansam, extract solvent and extract are as described above.

In addition, the present invention provides a method for producing a complex extract, comprising the step of extracting one or more selected from the group consisting of danssam, tuna, yam, and brown trees.

Another aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is the step of extracting ginseng using an extraction solvent; And comprising the step of fermenting the extract obtained in the extraction step, yeast fermentation, lactic acid bacteria fermentation, fermentation of bifidobacteria or fungus, provides a method for producing a fermented ginseng. The terms dansam, extract solvent, extract, fermentation and fermentation are as described above.

In addition, the present invention, the present invention comprises the steps of extracting one or more selected from the group consisting of danssam, tuna, green elm and oak trees; And comprising the step of fermenting the extract obtained in the extraction step, yeast fermentation, lactic acid bacteria fermentation, fermentation of bifidobacteria or fungi, provides a method for producing a complex fermentation extract. The complex fermentation extract may be a combination of fermentation products fermented with extracts of each of ginseng, tuna, green beans, and brown leaves, and may be a microbial fermentation product of a mixture of extracts of red ginseng, tuna, green leaves, and brown leaves.

The composition of the present invention includes a single ginseng ( Salvia miltiorrhiza ) extract or fermentation product, and the extract or fermentation product has excellent skin whitening, wrinkle improvement and UV protection, and thus can be used as a cosmetic composition or food composition for anti-aging purposes. You can.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through the following examples. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1: Preparation of ginseng extract and fermentation product

Dansam extract and fermentation were prepared.

Example 2: Confirming the skin whitening effect of the ginseng extract and fermentation

It was confirmed that the ginseng extract and fermented product prepared in Example 1 showed excellent skin whitening effect, and the composition of the present invention comprising the extract or fermented product could be used as a cosmetic composition or food composition for anti-aging purposes. It is a result indicating that it can.

Example 3: Confirmation of wrinkle improvement effect of Dansam extract and fermentation

It was confirmed that the ginseng extract and fermented product prepared in Example 1 showed excellent skin wrinkle improvement effect, and the composition of the present invention containing the extract or fermented product was used as a cosmetic composition or food composition for anti-aging purposes. This is the result that can be.

Example 4: Confirmation of UV protection effect of Dansam extract and fermentation

It was confirmed that the ginseng extract and fermented product prepared in Example 1 exhibited excellent UV blocking effect, and the composition of the present invention containing the extract or fermented product could be used as a cosmetic composition or food composition for anti-aging purposes. It is a result indicating that it can.

From the above description, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will appreciate that the present invention may be implemented in other specific forms without changing its technical spirit or essential characteristics. In this regard, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention should be construed as including all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the following claims rather than the detailed description and equivalent concepts thereof.

Claims (8)

Cosmetic composition for skin whitening, wrinkle improvement or UV protection, including extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza or fermentation.
The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the extract is prepared by extracting with a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and mixed solvents thereof.
According to claim 1, wherein the fermentation is Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces) strain, Schizosaccharomyces (Schizosaccharomyces) strain, Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus) genus strain, Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacterium) genus strain, Pediococcus (Pediococcus) strains, Bacillus (bacillus) strains, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Fusarium vertisillioids, Pasilomyces barrioti ( Paecilomyces variotii), Brachybacterium ginsengisoli; And one or more strains selected from the group consisting of chaga (Inonnotus-obliquus), Cordyceps sinensis, Trichoma matsutake, Phellinus linteus, and Ganoderma lucidum fungi It is produced by fermentation, a cosmetic composition.
The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the extract or fermentation product is included in an amount of 0.005 to 50% by weight (w / w) based on the total weight of the composition.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is softening lotion, converging makeup, nutrient makeup, nourishing cream, massage cream, essence, pack, skin adhesive patch, skin adhesive gel, powder, ointment, suspension, emulsion, spray, cosmetic liquid or It is formulated as a capsule, cosmetic composition.
A food composition for improving skin whitening or wrinkles, comprising an extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza or fermentation.
Method for producing a single ginseng extract, comprising the step of extracting ginseng using an extraction solvent.
Extracting ginseng using an extraction solvent; And a step of fermenting yeast extract, lactic acid bacteria fermentation, bifidobacteria fermentation or fungi fermentation of the extract obtained in the extraction step.