KR20200058279A - Gasification system of bio crude oil containing tar-reducing reformer - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a gasification system for biocrude oil including a reformer for reducing tar and a method for producing syngas. The gasification system and syngas production method of the present invention are used in connection with the gasification system using biocrude oil as a sample. By comprising the reformer that reduces tar components contained in the syngas produced through gasification via a catalytic reaction, it is possible to expect higher efficiency than an existing gasification system by using a char combustor outside a gasification reactor and also using the same for steam generation and auxiliary heat sources of gasification reaction.

Description

Gasification device for bio-crude containing a reformer for reducing tar {GASIFICATION SYSTEM OF BIO CRUDE OIL CONTAINING TAR-REDUCING REFORMER}

The present invention is an invention for a gasification device for bio-crude that includes a reformer for reducing tar, and more specifically, it is used in connection with a gasification system using bio-crude as a sample, and is included in the synthesis gas generated through gasification. It relates to a gasification system comprising a reformer for reducing the components through a catalytic reaction.

 Due to the domestic situation in which most of the energy is dependent on imports, the need for establishing an energy supply and demand policy that can reduce the dependence on energy imports and the development of fundamental clean alternative energy is emerging. Bioenergy is drawing attention as a field of carbon-neutral alternative energy that can address concerns about depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution.

Combustion, thermal decomposition, gasification, etc. are typical methods for energizing biomass. Biomass is mainly used for the purpose of power generation and hydrogen production, and gasification process is essential for this purpose. However, biomass has low energy density, and the economic efficiency decreases as the distance between the biomass production site and the plant increases. Accordingly, in the present invention, the gasification process is applied by converting biomass into a form of bio-crude with high energy density.

Syngas generated from the gasification process of bio-crude mainly consists of H ₂ , CO, CH ₄ , N ₂ , CO ₂ , O ₂ , tar, soot, and other materials. Among the components of the syngas, tar, soot, and unreacted substances are difficult to remove by physical methods and act as an inhibitor of the carbon conversion rate, which can increase the dust collection burden for syngas purification and further damage the power generation equipment. .

In order to remove the tar and soot and unreacted substances, a method of reducing tar in the syngas through steam reaction in a reformer and removing the soot and other unreacted substances through a dust collector may be used.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to a bio-crude gasification apparatus including a reformer for collecting tar and reducing unreacted substances and reducing tar in the synthesis gas.

KR Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1285879 (July 8, 2013)

The present invention for solving these problems is to reduce the tar in the synthesis gas by steam reaction in the reformer to remove the tar and soot and unreacted materials, and the soot and other unreacted materials are tar using a method of removing through a dust collector It is an object of the present invention to provide a gasifier for bio-crude comprising a reformer for reduction.

The gasification apparatus for bio-crude including a reformer for reducing tar to solve such a problem is to produce a producer gas by gasifying the bio-crude storage tank for storing bio-crude and the bio-crude supplied from the bio-crude storage tank with an oxidizing agent. A bio-crude gasification reactor, a bio-combustion-combustor, a syngas storage tank for storing high-quality syngas generated by using steam as an oxidant in the bio-crude gasification reactor, and a synthesis gas stored in the syngas storage tank. It can be achieved by including a reformer for reducing tar discharged to a reforming gas through a catalytic reaction and a dust collecting process.

In addition, the reformer for reducing tar can reduce tar in the syngas by catalytic reaction supplied from the outside and collect soot and unreacted materials using a dust collecting device to produce high purity synthetic gas.

Therefore, according to the gasification apparatus for bio-crude comprising the reformer for reducing tar of the present invention, it is possible to secure economic efficiency by gasifying bio-crude having a high energy density. In addition, it is possible to expect higher efficiency than the existing gasification system by using 촤 combustor outside the gasification reactor and using it for auxiliary heat source and steam generation of gasification reaction.

In addition, according to the present invention, the gasifier for bio-crude including the reformer for reducing tar reduces the tar in the syngas through catalytic reaction through the reformer installed at the rear end of the system, and collects soot and unreacted substances to produce high-purity synthetic gas Can be supplied to various hydrogen processes, and when used in a power generation system, it can be expected to have an effect of increasing efficiency because it can prevent factors that inhibit power generation efficiency.

1 is a main configuration of a bio-crude gasifier comprising a tar reformer,
Figure 2 is a main configuration process diagram used in the experimental apparatus of the present invention,
And
3 and 4 are graphs showing the composition of the synthesis gas and the composition of the tar material using the present tar reformer, respectively.

The terms or words used in the specification and claims are not to be construed as being limited to ordinary or lexical meanings, and the inventor is based on the principle that the concept of terms can be properly defined in order to best describe his or her invention. It should be interpreted in a sense and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention.

Throughout the specification, when a part “includes” a certain component, this means that other components may be further included rather than excluding other components unless specifically stated to the contrary. In addition, terms such as “… unit”, “… group”, “module”, and “device” described in the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which is implemented by a combination of hardware and / or software. Can be.

It should be understood that the term “and / or” throughout the specification includes all combinations that can be presented from one or more related items. For example, the meaning of “first item, second item, and / or third item” will be presented from the first, second, or third item, as well as two or more of the first, second, or third items It means a combination of all possible items.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1 is a schematic view showing a bio-crude and mixed sample gasification device, as shown. The bio-crude and mixed-sample gasification system according to an embodiment of the present invention is a device for producing syngas having a high calorific value using bio-crude produced in a rapid pyrolysis apparatus, and is located in the center of a gasification reactor. Characterized in that the configuration and the injection method of the air nozzle to inject.

That is, according to the present invention, the bio-crude produced from the rapid pyrolysis apparatus is supplied to a bio-crude storage tank, and the crude oil in the bio-crude storage tank is supplied to the bio-crude gasification apparatus to produce high-quality synthetic gas using biomass. will be.

To this end, the gasification device for the bio-crude and the mixed sample is a bio-crude storage tank 100 for storing bio-crude, a bio-crude gasification reactor 110 for gas-gasifying the bio-crude with an oxidizing agent to produce a synthetic gas, and burning bio gas 촤 includes a combustor 120 and a heat exchanger or steam generator 140, a cyclone 130, and an Ash collection tank 150 for collecting ash.

First, the bio-crude storage tank 100 is a tank for storing bio-crude generated through rapid pyrolysis of biomass in a rapid pyrolysis apparatus.

That is, the bio-crude storage tank 100 is a tank for storing bio-crude produced through rapid pyrolysis of biomass, and stores bio-crude extracted from the bio-oil condenser 140 and the electrostatic precipitator 150.

The bio-crude oil stored in the bio-crude storage tank 100 is supplied to the bio-crude gasification reactor 110 by adding an oxidizing agent together with the crude oil.

The bio-crude gasification reactor 110 is a device for producing synthetic gas by gasifying the bio-crude oil supplied from the bio-crude storage tank 100 together with an oxidizing agent, and the synthetic gas produced mainly by using the supplied air (Air) as a gasifier It is used in the existing combustion devices such as engines, boilers, and gas turbines in the form of mixing with existing combustion or burning, and is used to produce electricity and heat.

In addition, if steam or oxygen is used as a gasifier, synthetic gas (Syn-gas) having a higher calorific value than air can be produced. Synthetic natural gas, FT diesel, methanol, ethanol, hydrogen or It can be used to produce high-value synthetic fuel such as DME.

The steam at this time uses high-temperature steam supplied from the heat exchanger or steam generator 140.

In addition, fuel production technology through biological conversion is also being developed.

촤 Combustor 120 is composed of a combustor in the form of a bubbling fluidized bed surrounding the outside of the bio-crude gasification reactor 110, and is used as a heat source for gasification reaction by combusting bio 촤 collected during the biomass gasification process. It is a device that can improve the economic efficiency of.

촤 Combustor 120 is a heat exchanger or steam generator (촤 generated in the biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor 120 and 회수 recovered from the cyclone 130, and 발생 generated in the gasification process of the bio-crude gasification reactor 110 ( 140) Ash (ash) generated by pure oxygen combustion of steam and O ₂ for combustion is collected in the Ash collection tank 150.

The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the combustion of 촤 in the 기 combustor 120 is supplied to the heat exchanger or the steam generator 140 to be used as an energy source for producing heat during steam generation.

촤 Combustor 120 may be operated as a pure oxygen combustion energy recovery device. In other words, 발생한 generated in the process of gasification of bio-crude can be purely oxygen-burned, and the concentration of CO ₂ generated after combustion can be adjusted to supply high concentration of CO ₂ .

This high concentration of CO ₂ is mixed with the non-condensing gas of the electrolysis precipitator, which is a thermal decomposition product, and the amount of CO ₂ is adjusted when recirculated to the bio-oil condenser to control the average molecular weight of the mixed fluidized gas to control the flow region of the fluidized bed reactor. It affects the gas-solid mixing and heat transfer, and can finally promote the reaction.

Cyclone 130 is a dust collecting device capable of recovering dust and solid particles mixed with gas by centrifugal force and gravity. Ash Dust collected from the combustor 120 is transferred to the Ash collection tank 150 to be collected. Works.

The heat exchanger or steam generator 140 is a heat exchanger or steam generator that performs a function of supplying steam to a bio-crude gasification reactor. When steam is used as an oxidizing agent in the gasification reaction, high-quality synthetic gas can be generated, and thus, steam is supplied to the bio-crude gasification reactor 110.

As described above, the heat exchanger or the steam generator 140 is used as an energy source for producing heat at the time of steam generation by using the high-temperature exhaust gas generated from the combustor 120.

Therefore, the heat exchanger or the steam generator 140 uses the high-temperature exhaust gas provided by the combustor 120 as an energy source when generating steam, and the generated steam is supplied to the bio-crude gasification reactor 110, The 발생 generated in the gasification process of the bio-crude gasification reactor 110 is burned in the 촤 combustor 120, and the high-temperature exhaust gas generated at this time is supplied to the heat exchanger or the steam generator 140, thereby efficiently energy. It is available.

Ash collection tank 150 is a tank that can collect ash (Ash) generated in the bio-oil gasification process.

The syngas storage tank 160 is a device for producing syngas having a high calorific value, and stores high-quality syngas generated using steam as an oxidizing agent in the bio-crude gasification reactor 110.

That is, the syngas generated through the gasification reaction in the bio-crude gasification reactor 110 is stored in the syngas storage tank 160.

On the other hand, the syngas stored in the syngas storage tank 160 can be finally discharged as a reforming gas through a catalytic reaction and dust collecting process in the tar reduction reformer 170.

 The reformer 170 for reducing tar can reduce the tar in synthetic gas by catalytic reaction supplied from the outside and collect soot and unreacted materials to produce high-purity synthetic gas, so it can be supplied to various hydrogen processes and used in power generation systems. It is possible to prevent the factors that inhibit the power generation efficiency, so that the effect of increasing the efficiency can be expected.

As the type of catalyst for reducing tar, olivine, dolomite, NI-base catalyst, and precious metal catalyst are mainly used. These catalysts crack tar, a polymer material, to further increase and modify the syngas yield. In addition, the active temperature should be considered for each catalyst.

Looking at the operation of the gasifier for bio-crude comprising a reformer for reducing tar of the above-described configuration is as follows.

The bio-crude oil stored in the bio-crude storage tank 100 is injected into the bio-crude gasification reactor 110 through an input pump and gasified with an oxidizing agent. Steam generated in the heat exchanger or steam generator 150 is used as an oxidizing agent, and the heat source of the device uses heat generated from the combustor 120.

촤 The combustor 120 operates as a bubble fluidized bed reactor and efficiently consumes bio- 인, a product of rapid pyrolysis, to improve the efficiency and economic efficiency of the process. Ash generated after gasification of bio-crude oil and combustion is collected through the cyclone 130 and collected in the ash collection tank 140. Syngas generated through the gasification reaction is stored in the syngas storage tank 160 and is finally discharged as reforming gas through a catalytic reaction and dust collection process in the tar reduction reformer 170.

According to the above-described gasification apparatus for bio-crude comprising a reformer for reducing tar of the present invention, it is possible to secure economic efficiency by gasifying bio-crude having a high energy density. In addition, by using the 촤 combustor outside the gasification reactor, it can be used to generate the auxiliary heat source and steam for the gasification reaction, so that higher efficiency can be expected than the existing gasification system. Since it can reduce and collect soot and unreacted substances to produce high purity synthetic gas, it can be supplied to various hydrogen processes, and when used in a power generation system, it can be expected to have an effect of increasing efficiency because it can prevent generation efficiency inhibitors.

Example

1. Experimental device and method

In this experiment, the bio-crude was gasified in a cylindrical entrained-flow reactor and experiments were conducted on its effect by conducting experiments on the composition and tar content of syngas before and after application of the tar reformer using a tar reformer.

In FIG. 1, the reactor 110 used a cylindrical reactor made of quartz having a diameter of 0.1 m and a height of 1.4 m. The bio-crude of the storage tank (100) used in the experiment was produced through the rapid pyrolysis of larch sawdust, and the high heating value was 4550 kcal / kg, and the elemental analysis results are as follows. (N = 0.71 wt.%, C = 46.09 wt.%, H = 6.62 wt.%, O = 46.58 wt.%, S = 0 wt.%)

The gasification experiment was conducted using the presence or absence of a dolomite catalyst for tar reforming at a reactor temperature of 800 ° C as an experimental variable. The composition of the syngas was measured using vario plus from MRU. The CST method suggested in the European tar protocol was used to analyze the tar component. BTEX and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed for the sampled absorbent liquid by absorbing the tar component in the solvent by passing the gas generated after gasification to the organic solvent IPA.

Figure 2 is a main configuration process diagram used in the experimental apparatus of the present invention, consisting of a gasification reactor 110 of bio-crude, a cyclone 130 for collecting dust, and a tar reformer. The liquid bio-crude is sprayed using a two-fluid nozzle at the top of the gasification reactor 110 and decomposed in a high-temperature gasification reactor. Synthetic gas generated thereafter passes through cyclone 130 to remove particulate matter, such as dust, from the synthetic gas, and then displays a process in which clean gas is discharged through a high-temperature tar reducing reformer 170.

2. Experimental results

3 and 4 respectively show the composition of the synthesis gas and the composition of the tar material using the present tar reformer. The main components of syngas are carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, etc., and the concentration of hydrogen is the most important. As can be seen in Figure 3 it can be seen that the concentration of hydrogen in the synthesis gas generated using a tar reformer. This means that the concentration of hydrogen, methane, etc. increases due to the further decomposition of the polymer material tar through the tar reformer.

4 is a result of performing the composition and quantitative analysis of the tar material by dissolving the gas discharged after gasification in the IPA reagent, the graph significantly reduces the amount of benzene that occupies the largest amount of the tar component in the exhaust gas using the tar reformer. Can be confirmed.

In the above, the present invention has been described in detail with respect to the described embodiments, but it is apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations are possible within the technical scope of the present invention, and it is natural that such modifications and modifications belong to the appended claims.

100: bio-crude storage tank 110: bio-crude gasification reactor
120: 촤 Combustor 130: Cyclone
140: Ash capture tank 150: heat exchanger or steam generator
160: syngas storage tank 170: tar reduction reformer

Claims (9)

A bio-crude storage tank for storing bio-crude;
A bio-crude gasification reactor for producing producer gas by gasifying the bio-crude supplied from the bio-crude storage tank together with an oxidizing agent;
A 촤 combustor for burning bio 촤;
A syngas storage tank for storing high-quality syngas generated by using steam as an oxidizer in the bio-crude gasification reactor; and
A reformer for reducing tar that discharges the syngas stored in the syngas storage tank to a reforming gas through a catalytic reaction and a dust collecting process;
A gasification device for bio-crude comprising a reformer for reducing tar comprising a.
The method according to claim 1,
The bio-crude storage tank
A gasification device for bio-crude comprising a reformer for reducing tar produced through a fluidized bed reactor for rapid pyrolysis of biomass storing bio-crude condensed in a bio-crude condenser of a rapid pyrolysis device and crude oil collected in an electrostatic precipitator.
The method according to claim 1,
A heat exchanger or steam generator that supplies steam to the bio-crude gasification reactor so that it can be used as a gasifier;
A gasification device for bio-crude comprising a reformer for reducing tar further comprising a.
The method according to claim 1,
A combustor comprising a combustor in the form of a bubbling fluidized bed surrounding the outside of the bio-crude gasification reactor, and operating to combust bio-captured during the bio-crude gasification process and use it as a heat source for the gasification reaction;
A gasification device for bio-crude comprising a reformer for reducing tar further comprising a.
The method according to claim 4,
The 촤 combustor
Bio containing a reformer for reducing tar that uses 하는 generated in the cyclone of the rapid pyrolysis apparatus and biomass rapid pyrolysis reactor and 발생한 generated in the gasification process of the bio-crude gasification reactor of the bio-crude gasification apparatus as a heat source of the system. Gasification device for crude oil.
The method according to claim 5,
The 촤 combustor
A gasification device for bio-crude comprising a reformer for reducing tar to make the oxygen supplied from the heat exchanger or the steam generator and O ₂ for combustion to be burned in pure oxygen, and to collect the ash (ash) generated in the ash collection tank.
The method according to claim 4,
The heat generated by the 촤 combustor is
A gasifier for bio-crude comprising a tar-reduction reformer used as a heat source for any one or more of a heat exchanger, a steam generator, or a bio-crude gasification reactor.
The method according to claim 1,
The tar reduction reformer
A gasifier for bio-crude that includes a tar-reducing reformer that reduces tar in synthetic gas through a catalytic reaction supplied from the outside and collects soot and unreacted materials using a dust collector to produce high-purity syngas.
The method according to claim 3,
The tar reduction reformer
The steam generated in the heat exchanger or steam generator 150 is a gasifier for bio-crude comprising a reformer for reducing tar that is supplied as an oxidizing agent.

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