KR20200055764A - Mobile kilns, systems and processes for controlling the firing of ceramic articles and products - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention describes a mobile kiln comprising at least one combined modular segment 1, a system for firing ceramic articles and products, and a process for controlling firing of ceramic articles and products. Specifically, the present invention is a forced exhaust system of the kiln gas, means for controlling the gas flow, controlling the supply of the heat source 4 and monitoring the physical parameters inside the kiln, so that each modular segment 1 independently of the inside of the kiln. And means for enabling greater resolution and control of the temperature gradient. In addition, the movable kiln of the present invention comprises a sieve solid floor (2). The present invention is in the fields of thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, civil production and industrial applications of red ceramics.

Description

Mobile kilns, systems and processes for controlling the firing of ceramic articles and products

The present invention describes a method of firing a modular mobile kiln, system and material with forced exhaust, equipped with a mobile modular kiln with forced exhaust, and more specifically related to the firing of ceramic materials in the field of mechanical engineering. Focus on the thermodynamic domain.

The manufacture of ceramic parts is a large part of the civil construction market. This use is called red ceramic and includes the manufacture of bricks, blocks, hollow elements, slabs, tiles and ceramic tubes. The main steps in the manufacture of ceramic parts are related to the firing and drying of these parts. A large-scale kiln is used in the firing process, which has been improved to obtain an increase in efficiency and reduction of gases harmful to the environment.

One of the most popular types of kilns is the movable sieve kiln. The sheave consists of a series of hollow bricks placed on a kiln floor placed on a longitudinal underground chamber that discharges gas. This chamber increases the volume of the dead mass to be heated by the kiln and prevents the combustion of fuel and precise control of the gas flow from the fired ceramic material, thereby reducing the thermal efficiency of the firing process. In addition, sheaves weaken the base of the kiln and cannot support the weight of vehicles and other assisting equipment, thus not allowing mechanization of material loading and unloading.

In addition, the exhaust provided by the sheave does not occur uniformly, generates temperature changes and undesirable gas flow inside the kiln, and the lower part of the kiln is not sufficiently fired, whereas the upper part is excessively fired, so the kiln is excessively fired. Reduces the efficiency and quality of the parts being manufactured.

Prior art was searched in the scientific and patent literature to find the following literature on this subject.

AU2012306185 discloses a method for optimizing combustion in a so-called rotary burner chamber for firing a carbon block, the kiln comprising a number of heating chambers, the chamber comprising a space, within which the block is a hollow partition wall Alternately arranged, cooling air, combustion air, and gas from combustion are circulated using a fan, and each partition wall includes an exhaust manifold. The fuel required to burn the carbon block is partially injected by the device, and its input / output is controlled by a main controller that also regulates air and gas flow. The method involves monitoring the operation of fuel and air injection by a main controller designed to command its operation individually and over time. AU2012306185 is not designed for efficient firing of red ceramic products, which has limitations on fuel from heat sources, which does not include a mobile kiln moving on a ceramic load to be fired by the kiln, each of which It does not include a temperature gradient control system inside the kiln chamber, and does not include a forced exhaust system that includes a gas flow control valve for each individual modular segment.

BR7401456-0 discloses an intermittent mobile kiln for bricks, etc., which comprises a rectangular "U" body with an upper base formed by a structure that is assembled with a trellis bar and a plate forming the main chamber. Included, the longitudinal end of which designs an airtight guillotine door. On the side of the main chamber there is an air and gas fuel pipe, which extends along the chamber with several outlet nozzles with a regulating valve, which is started by a fan that directs the air to a plurality of derived pipes. On the other hand, a gas outlet pipe extending from the base of the chamber parallel to the side of the chamber and communicating with the main outlet pipe and the auxiliary outlet pipe, which is transferred to another closed or open environment through the pipe, is projected. BR7401456-0 discloses relying on sieves for non-solid fuel burners such as biomass, which has no temperature gradient control of multiple modular segments or individual modular segments, no computerized kiln control system, It does not allow remote control of the kiln.

BR9200134 basically discloses a greenhouse tunnel consisting of a tunnel constructed of steel sheets and profiles, and an insulating layer is inserted into the wall of the structure. This tunnel greenhouse is divided into three thermal zones, each equipped with electronic digital and analog controllers and centrifugal fans that allow the flow of information in an instant response to temperature, the amount of ventilation and the internal distribution of ventilation. This thermal zone includes an air distribution duct that interconnects the zones and allows the use of air between them. In addition, the heating system is controlled by a pyrometer, a solenoid valve and a manually adjustable pressure reducing valve. BR9200134 does not have a mechanism to move the kiln on the ceramic charge to be fired, i.e. it is not mobile, it does not include a control system of the heat source, and does not include a gas flow control valve between the sections of the kiln. , Does not allow remote control.

BR9711012-4 discloses a mobile tunnel kiln for manufacturing clay products and a manufacturing process system using the tunnel kiln. The kiln body is a movable structure built in a ring shape, and wheels are installed on both sides to move on the ring-shaped rail. In the central part of the space, concentric raw material aging wells and brick making machines are installed. The kiln is divided into zones, which are interconnected by a hot air transport channel on the inner wall of the kiln and promote the use of heat from air using an exhaust fan. BR9711012-4 does not have a modular segment and forced exhaust control system and independent heat source supply within the kiln segment, does not include a temperature gradient control system inside the kiln, and does not allow remote control.

CN1928478 discloses a movable tunnel-type kiln operating in a circular shape, the body of which includes wheels on both sides, and is disposed on a track of the ground on which the wheel is moving, the track is circular and defines the path in which the kiln operates. do. The kiln includes a power generation station for operating the kiln, and its movement can be controlled manually. The kiln in this document is divided into modules such as at least one drying module, at least one ceramic baking module and at least one cooling module. The kiln includes a door for closing both ends and a mechanism for dividing the modules. In addition, the modules of the kiln include air inlets and outlets, valves and mechanisms for regulating the flow of air. CN1928478 does not have independent control system for each module of the kiln, forced exhaust system of kiln gas and exhaust control unit according to temperature, temperature gradient control system inside the kiln, control unit of source supply heat, and does not allow remote control .

Therefore, no literature has been found that predicts or suggests the teachings of the present invention from what can be inferred from the searched literature, and thus the solution proposed herein has novelty and advancement in consideration of the prior art.

Therefore, efficiency reduces the cost of manufacturing, increases profits, lowers the final price of products, and considers that the release of contaminants may already be a hindrance in some countries, increasing efficiency and reducing pollutants. As a goal, there is still a need to study kilns that involve control of the internal temperature gradient for control of the homogeneous firing of the charge, the heat source (4) supply and the exhaust of the gas.

In this way, the invention comprises a movable kiln comprising a sieveless solid floor 2, at least one combined modular segment 1, and a system for firing ceramic articles and products; And a forced exhaust system of the kiln gas, a means for controlling the gas flow, and a control of the heat source 4 supply and monitoring the physical parameters inside the kiln to further increase the temperature gradient inside the kiln independently of each modular segment 1. It solves the problems of the prior art based on a process for controlling the firing of ceramic articles and products, including means that enable large resolution and control.

In a first object, the invention features a movable kiln comprising a forced exhaust system and at least one combined modular segment 1 comprising a sieve solid floor 2.

In a second object, the invention features a system for firing ceramic articles and products, the system comprising at least:

A modular movable kiln comprising a physical size sensor located inside the modular segment 1 of the kiln;

Forced exhaust system associated with at least one modular segment (1) of the kiln-the forced exhaust system

Flow control valve (3.2); And

Includes an exhaust element (3.1)-;

Control system; And

A heat source 4 supply system;

The control system comprises temperature gradient control inside each modular segment 1 of the kiln.

In a third object, the present invention provides a process for controlling the firing of ceramic articles and products in a movable kiln comprising at least one modular segment 1; This process is implemented through a control system that includes the following steps:

Receiving parameter data from at least one physical size sensor located inside the modular segment (1);

Processing the parameter data; And

And sending commands to at least one gas flow control valve (3.2) and at least one heat source (4) power control system;

The command transmission step is performed based on the received parameter data.

These and other objects of the present invention will be readily assessed by those skilled in the art and are described in detail below.

The following figure is presented.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of one of the possible embodiments of a mobile kiln of the present invention including a mobile kiln formed by several modular segments, a supply system, forced exhaust, gas scrubbing and a sieve solid floor 2.
FIG. 2 shows another angled view of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the mobile kiln of the present invention formed by the combination of several modular segments.
FIG. 4 shows another view of the embodiment of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a mobile kiln of the present invention, including several modular segments, a heat source 4 supply system, a forced exhaust system and a mobile kiln formed by a sieve solid floor 2.
FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the gas flow from a heat source 4 inside the mobile kiln of the present invention controlled by a control system and forced exhaust system.
FIG. 7 shows another perspective view of the embodiment of the movable kiln of FIG. 5.
8 shows a specific configuration of a forced exhaust system and a gas flow control valve 3.2.
9 shows a plan view of an embodiment of the kiln of the present invention comprising a number of modular segments, forced exhaust systems, a heat source 4 supply system and a sieve solid floor 2.
Figure 10 is a sphere of a modular segment 1 of the mobile kiln of the present invention comprising a heat source 4 of a modular segment 1, a forced exhaust system, a heat source 4 supply system and a sieve solid floor 2 It shows the front sectional view of the form.
FIG. 11 shows a front view of an embodiment of the forced exhaust system of the modular segment 1 of the mobile kiln of the present invention.
12 shows an embodiment of a forced exhaust system in an embodiment of a mobile kiln of the present invention with multiple modular segments.
13 shows a modular movable kiln with a sheave known in the prior art.

The following description is presented by way of illustration, and does not limit the scope of the invention, and will more clearly understand the purpose of this patent application.

In a first object, the invention features a movable kiln comprising a forced exhaust system and at least one combined modular segment 1 comprising a sieve solid floor 2.

Each modular segment 1 is coupled because it can assemble a movable kiln in multiple combinations of modular segments, including connecting means between the modular segments. In addition, at both ends of the automated opening door, the modular segment includes an automatic opening door, which is opened to move and position the charge inside the kiln, and closes the inside of the kiln to insulate against the external environment. do.

Each modular segment 1 includes at least one physical size sensor. Each physical size sensor is located inside each modular segment 1. In one embodiment, without limiting the scope of the present invention, three physical size sensors per modular segment 1 are used, one inside the upper portion of the modular segment 1 and one each It is located inside. In one embodiment, the wall of the modular modular segment 1 of the movable kiln comprises an insulating blanket. In one embodiment, the physical size sensor includes temperature measurement, and for illustrative purposes, the sensor is configured as a thermocouple. In one embodiment, the physical size sensor comprises a measure of the internal pressure of the kiln. In one embodiment, the physical size sensor includes an optical sensor for measuring radiation inside the kiln. In one embodiment, the physical size sensor comprises an X-ray inspection inside the charge being fired. Further, in a further embodiment, the physical size sensor consists of a set formed by a combination of different sensors to measure different parameters inside the modular segment 1.

Each modular segment 1 comprises at least one flame injection channel 1.1 comprising an inlet channel of hot gas from the heat source 4 of the modular segment 1. Each modular segment 1 comprises at least one heat source 4. In one embodiment, the heat source 4 of the kiln is provided by a kiln that burns biofuels. In one embodiment, the kiln's heat source 4 is provided by a kiln that burns synthetic fuel. In one embodiment, the kiln's heat source 4 is provided by a torch burning gaseous fuel. In one embodiment, the kiln's heat source 4 is provided by an electrical resistor. In one embodiment, the flame injection channel 1.1 is located on top of one side of the modular segment 1. Each modular segment 1 comprises a heat source 4 feeder. In one embodiment, the heat source 4 feeder fuels the kiln. In one embodiment, the heat source 4 feeder supplies biomass to the kiln. In one embodiment, the heat source 4 feeder supplies gas to the torch nozzle. In one embodiment, the heat source 4 supply supplies current to the metal resistor.

Each modular segment 1 comprises at least one gas outlet channel 1.2. Each modular segment 1 is associated with a forced exhaust system through a gas exhaust channel 1.2. In one embodiment, the gas outlet channels 1.2 are located at the bottom of both sides of the modular segment 1. In one embodiment, the gas outlet channel 1.2 includes a coif.

The forced exhaust system comprises at least one exhaust element (3.1) and at least one flow control valve (3.2). In one embodiment, the forced exhaust system comprises a gas tubing that communicates the gas exhaust channel 1.2 of each modular segment 1 with the exhaust element 3.1 of the system. The exhaust element 3.1 promotes forced exhaust of the system, not only producing high quality materials and good sintering, but also enabling faster and more uniform firing of the ceramic charge inside the modular mobile kiln of the present invention. In addition, the forced exhaust associated with the heat source (4) feeder enables the complete combustion of the fuel used and prevents the combustion of waste and excess fuel, thus having an ecological advantage, while red ceramic acts as a catalyst to trap contaminant particles. This ensures that no contaminants are present in the exhaust gas. In one embodiment, the exhaust element 3.1 is a centrifugal fan. In one embodiment, the exhaust element 3.1 is an exhaust device. In one embodiment, the exhaust element 3.1 is a pump. At least one gas flow regulating valve 3.2 is used between the gas outlet 1.2 and the exhaust element 3.1 of the modular segment 1, since the gas outlet is distributed on all sides of the modular movable kiln, respectively The gas flow in the modular segment 1 of and in the region of the modular segment 1 can be individually adjusted. In one embodiment, the forced exhaust system includes a gas targeting facility, a dumper. In one embodiment, the forced exhaust system includes a gas filtration section. Also, in one embodiment, the forced exhaust system directs the gas to the drying station, where heat from the gas to be exhausted to the atmosphere is later reused to dry the sintered ceramic material inside the kiln of the present invention.

The sibris solid floor 2 comprises a solid base and an insulating coating. In this sense, for the purposes of the present invention, the sibris solid floor 2 is any type of solid made of soil, stone, sand, concrete, cement or any other material or combination of materials used on the floor of the environment. As a base, it means that there are no underground structures leaking from the flow and direction of the sheave or gas, and this sibris solid floor 2 is a movable kiln and its parts, the charge to be fired and the loading and unloading of the charge. It supports the weight of the loading machinery, and on its surface includes an insulating coating that prevents heat loss from the inside of the kiln to the subsoil or bottom of the sieve solid floor 2.

In one embodiment, the forced evacuation system of the present invention is designed to provide for the evacuation of the sieve from the base of the kiln since the discharge of gas from the mobile kiln of the present invention is realized by the base of the modular segment, which is still on the same plane of the kiln, not by subsoil. It makes it possible to discard the use and use of underground structures for the flow and direction of gas inside the kiln. Even when an exhaust fan is used in a mobile kiln equipped with a sheave, a large amount of dead mass constituting exhaust by subsoil deodorizes a large amount of heat from the system. Therefore, the forced exhaust system of the present invention dramatically improves the efficiency of the mobile kiln. In one embodiment, the insulating coating of the sibris solid floor 2 involves the use of an insulating mat similar to the insulating mat used inside the walls of the kiln's modular modular segment 1. In one embodiment, the sieve's solid floor 2 comprises rails for moving the movable kiln.

The mobile kiln of the present invention comprises a control system in communication with at least one physical size sensor of the modular segment 1 and at least one flow control valve 3.2 of the forced exhaust system. For the purposes of the present invention, the control system receives the data from the elements, processes the data, and generates algorithms (physically insertable or electronically insertable) in such a way that it generates actions according to this data through logical or arithmetic decisions ) Is any electronic element that can be implemented.

The control system comprises means for controlling the supply of the heat source 4 of the kiln. In one embodiment, the means for controlling the supply of the heat source 4 of the kiln comprises regulating the supply flow of the heat source 4 of the kiln. In one embodiment, the supply control means comprises changing the flow of combustible material, such as increasing or decreasing the biomass supply within the kiln. In one embodiment, the supply control means comprises changing the flow of fuel gas supplied to the heat source 4 torch of the kiln. In one embodiment, the supply control means comprises changing the current supplied to the resistance of the heat source 4 of the kiln.

Accordingly, the control system includes receiving and processing data from at least one physical size sensor.

This control system includes transmitting data to at least one flow control valve 3.2 and heat source 4 supply control means based on the received and processed data. For purposes of illustration, without limiting the scope of the present invention, the control system is capable of receiving parameter data of a physical quantity measured by a sensor and determining to perform an operation based on the parameter value detected by the sensor The flow control valve 3.2 and the heat source 4 supply control means can be controlled based on the algorithm.

In one embodiment, the control system is capable of controlling gas flow within a predetermined zone in each modular segment 1 of the kiln by means of a flow control valve 3.2 and a heat source 4 power control means.

In one embodiment, without limiting the scope of the present invention, the control system continuously receives temperature and pressure data from regions within each modular segment 1 transmitted by the thermocouple and temperature sensor, which The data is processed, compared to pre-determined parameters, and signals and data are transferred to the flow control valve 3.2 and the heat source 4 power control medium. Thus, the present control system allows the simultaneous monitoring and control of temperature and air flow within the areas of the modular segment of the mobile kiln of the present invention to simultaneously prepare materials of different compositions and geometries, as well as inside the kiln. This allows for greater resolution and control of the temperature gradient. For purposes of illustration, the temperature difference between the top and bottom of a mobile kiln with a prior art sieve reaches 300 ° C., so that the top material is excessively fired and the bottom material is insufficiently fired. Using the control system and forced exhaust system of the present invention, the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the mobile kiln of the present invention is only 30 ° C. In one embodiment, the control and parameterization steps of the system can be performed manually or remotely, for example, using a smartphone.

In a second object, the present invention is a system for firing ceramic articles and products comprising at least one mobile modular kiln, at least one forced exhaust system, at least one control system and at least one heat source (4) supply system It is characterized by.

The modular movable kiln of the firing system of the present invention comprises a modular segment and a connecting means between the modular segments, enabling the assembly of multiple mobile kilns of multiple combinations of modular segments. In one embodiment, the firing system of the present invention is parameterized according to the number of modular segments included in the mobile kiln, the number of modular segments being variable and predetermined by the user or according to the application. In addition, in the modular segment at the end, the modular movable kiln of the present firing system includes a door. In one embodiment, the firing system of the present invention comprises means for controlling the door instructing the opening and closing of the door.

The modular movable kiln of the firing system of the present invention comprises a sieve's solid floor 2 comprising a solid base and an insulating coating. In this sense, for the purposes of the present invention, the sibris solid floor 2 is any type of solid made of soil, stone, sand, concrete, cement or any other material or combination of materials used on the floor of the environment. As a base, it means that there are no underground structures leaking from the flow and direction of the sheave or gas, and this sibris solid floor 2 is a movable kiln and its parts, the charge to be fired and the loading and unloading of the charge. It supports the weight of the loading machinery, and on its surface includes an insulating coating that prevents heat loss from the inside of the kiln to the subsoil or bottom of the sieve solid floor 2.

In one embodiment, the forced evacuation system of the present invention is designed to provide for the evacuation of the sheave from the base of the kiln since the discharge of gas from the firing system of the present invention is carried out at the base of the modular segment in the same plane of the kiln and not by subsoil It makes it possible to discard the use and use of underground structures for the flow and direction of gas inside the kiln. Even when an exhaust fan is used in a mobile kiln equipped with a sheave, a large amount of dead mass constituting exhaust by subsoil deodorizes large amounts of heat from the system. Therefore, the forced exhaust system of the present invention dramatically improves the performance of the firing system. In one embodiment, the insulating coating of the sibris solid floor 2 involves the use of an insulating mat similar to the insulating mat used inside the walls of the kiln's modular modular segment 1. In one embodiment, the sieve's solid floor 2 comprises rails for moving the movable kiln.

Each modular segment 1 of the modular mobile kiln of the firing system of the present invention comprises at least one physical quantity sensor located inside each modular segment 1 of the kiln. In one embodiment, without limiting the scope of the present invention, three physical size sensors per modular segment 1 are used, one inside the upper portion of the modular segment 1 and one each It is located inside. In one embodiment, the wall of the combined modular segment 1 of the movable kiln of the present firing system comprises an insulating blanket. In one embodiment, the physical quantity sensor includes temperature measurement, and for illustrative purposes, the sensor is configured as a thermocouple. In one embodiment, the physical quantity sensor comprises a measure of the internal pressure of the kiln. In one embodiment, the physical size sensor includes an optical sensor for measuring radiation inside the kiln. In one embodiment, the physical size sensor comprises an X-ray inspection inside the charge being fired. In addition, in a further embodiment, the physical quantity sensor consists of a set formed by a combination of different sensors to measure different parameters inside the modular segment 1.

Each modular segment 1 of the modular movable kiln of the firing system of the present invention comprises at least one flame injection channel comprising an inlet channel for hot gas from a heat source 4 supplied through a heat source 4 supply system ( 1.1). Each modular segment 1 comprises at least one heat source 4. In one embodiment, the flame injection channel 1.1 is located on top of one side of the modular segment 1. Each modular segment 1 comprises at least one heat source 4 supply system.

In one embodiment, the kiln's heat source 4 supply system includes varying the supply of combustible material. In one embodiment, the supply system comprises varying the current supplied to the resistance of the heat source 4 of the kiln. In one embodiment, the heat source 4 supply system includes supply to the kiln that burns the biofuel and flow control of the biofuel. In one embodiment, the kiln's heat source 4 supply system is provided by controlling the flow of synthetic fuel to the kiln that burns the synthetic fuel. In one embodiment, the kiln's heat source (4) supply system is provided by controlling the gaseous fuel flow to the torch burning the gaseous fuel. In one embodiment, a supply system for the kiln's heat source 4 is provided by controlling the current flowing through the electrical resistor.

Each modular segment 1 of the modular movable kiln of the firing system of the present invention comprises at least one gas outlet channel 1.2. Each modular segment 1 is associated with a forced exhaust system through a gas exhaust channel 1.2. In one embodiment, the gas outlet channels 1.2 are located at the bottom of both sides of the modular segment 1. In one embodiment, the gas outlet channel 1.2 includes a coif.

The forced exhaust system associated with the at least one modular segment 1 of the kiln of the firing system of the invention comprises at least one flow control valve 3.2 and at least one exhaust element 3.1. In one embodiment, the forced exhaust system of the present firing system comprises a gas tubing that communicates the gas exhaust channel 1.2 of each modular segment 1 with the exhaust element 3.1 of the system. The exhaust element 3.1 promotes forced exhaust of the system, not only producing high quality materials and good sintering, but also enabling faster and more uniform firing of the ceramic charge inside the modular mobile kiln of the present invention. In addition, forced exhaust associated with the heat source (4) supply system enables complete combustion of the fuel used and prevents combustion of waste and excess fuel, thus having ecological advantages while red ceramic is a catalyst for trapping contaminant particles. Works to ensure that no contaminants are present in the exhaust gas. In one embodiment, the exhaust element 3.1 is a centrifugal fan. In one embodiment, the exhaust element 3.1 is an exhaust device. In one embodiment, the exhaust element 3.1 is a pump. At least one gas flow regulating valve 3.2 is used between the gas outlet 1.2 and the exhaust element 3.1 of the modular segment 1, since the gas outlet is distributed on all sides of the modular movable kiln, respectively The gas flow in the modular segment 1 of and in the region of the modular segment 1 can be individually adjusted. In one embodiment, the forced exhaust system includes a dumper that is a gas targeting facility. In one embodiment, the forced exhaust system includes a gas filtration section. Also, in one embodiment, the forced exhaust system directs the gas to the drying station, where heat from the gas to be exhausted to the atmosphere is later reused to dry the sintered ceramic material inside the kiln of the present invention.

The control system of the firing system of the present invention is configured to receive and process data from at least one physical size sensor of each modular segment 1 of the modular mobile kiln, thereby incorporating each modular segment 1 of the modular mobile kiln. Controlling the temperature gradient of, and transmitting data to the supply system of at least one flow control valve (3.2) and heat source (4) of the forced exhaust system. For the purposes of the present invention, the control system receives the data from the elements, processes the data, and generates algorithms (physically insertable or electronically insertable) in such a way that it generates actions according to this data through logical or arithmetic decisions ) Is any electronic element that can be implemented.

The control system comprises a means of communication with the mobile kiln's heat source 4 supply system. In one embodiment, the control system includes controlling the supply flow of the kiln's heat source 4. In one embodiment, the control system includes changing the flow of combustible material, such as increasing or decreasing the biomass supply within the kiln. In one embodiment, the control system comprises changing the flow of fuel gas supplied to the torch heat source 4 of the kiln. In one embodiment, the control system comprises varying the current supplied to the resistance of the heat source 4 of the kiln. For purposes of illustration, without limiting the scope of the present invention, the control system can receive parameter data of a physical quantity measured by a sensor, and from a decision algorithm that performs an operation from a parameter value detected by the sensor. The heat source 4 supply system can be controlled.

The control system includes transmitting data to at least one flow control valve 3.2 of the forced exhaust system based on the received and processed data. For purposes of illustration, without limiting the scope of the present invention, the control system can receive parameter data of a physical quantity measured by a sensor, and from a decision algorithm that performs an operation from a parameter value detected by the sensor. Flow control valve 3.2 can be controlled. In one embodiment, the control system is capable of controlling gas flow within a predetermined zone within each modular segment 1 of the kiln by operation of a flow control valve 3.2 and a heat source 4 supply system.

In one embodiment, without limiting the scope of the present invention, the control system continuously receives data from areas within each modular segment 1 transmitted by the sensor, processes the data, and pre-determines The parameters are compared and the signals and data are sent to the flow control valve (3.2) and the heat source (4) supply system of the forced exhaust system. Thus, the present control system enables the simultaneous preparation and preparation of materials of different compositions and geometries simultaneously by monitoring and controlling temperature and air flow within the areas of the modular segment, as well as greater resolution of the temperature gradient inside the kiln. And control. For the purposes of illustration, the temperature difference between the top and bottom of a mobile kiln with a prior art sieve reaches 300 ° C., so that the top of the ceramic charge is excessively fired, and the bottom is poorly fired. Using the firing system of the present invention, the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the modular mobile kiln is only 30 ° C. In one embodiment, control and parameterization of the system can be performed manually or remotely, for example, using a smartphone.

For the purpose of the third object, the present invention provides a process for controlling the firing of ceramic articles and products in a mobile kiln comprising at least one modular segment 1 implemented via a control system, the control system comprising Receiving parameter data from at least one physical size sensor located inside the modular segment (1); Processing the parameter data; And sending a command to at least one gas flow control valve (3.2) and at least one heat source (4) power control system, wherein the command sending step is performed based on the received parameter data.

In one embodiment, the step of receiving the parameter data comprises a temperature gradient in each modular segment 1 of the modular movable kiln by at least a physical quantity sensor for each modular segment 1 of the modular movable kiln. It is performed by a control system that includes controlling. For the purposes of the present invention, the control system receives algorithms (physically or electronically insertable) in such a way that it receives data from the elements, processes the data, and generates actions according to this data through logical or arithmetic decisions. Any electronic element that can be implemented. In one embodiment, in the step of receiving parameter data, each modular segment 1 comprises at least one physical size sensor located inside the modular segment 1. In one embodiment, without limiting the scope of the present invention, three physical size sensors per modular segment 1 are used, one inside the upper portion of the modular segment 1 and one each It is located inside. In one embodiment, the wall of the modular modular segment 1 of the movable kiln comprises an insulating blanket. In one embodiment, the physical quantity sensor includes temperature measurement, and for illustrative purposes, the sensor is configured as a thermocouple. In one embodiment, the physical quantity sensor comprises a measure of the internal pressure of the kiln. In one embodiment, the physical size sensor includes an optical sensor for measuring radiation inside the kiln. In one embodiment, the physical size sensor comprises an X-ray inspection inside the charge being fired. In addition, in a further embodiment, the physical quantity sensor consists of a set formed by a combination of different sensors to measure different parameters inside the modular segment 1.

In one embodiment, the step of processing the parameter data comprises: each modular segment 1 of the modular mobile kiln by data processing of at least one physical quantity sensor of each modular segment 1 of the modular mobile kiln. It is performed by a control system that includes controlling the temperature gradient within. At this stage, the control system is constructed using algorithms to make decisions regarding the distribution of gas flow in the modular segment 1 based on the parameter data received from sensors installed in each modular segment 1. Once the decision is defined, the control system begins the command transmission phase.

In one embodiment, the step of sending a command to at least one gas flow regulating valve 3.2 and at least one heat source 4 control system is performed by the control system. In one embodiment, the command sending step is performed based on the received parameter data. At this stage, in one embodiment, the control system sends command signals to the gas flow regulating valve 3.2 and the heat source 4 supply system to control the level of opening and / or closing these elements through the electromechanical component. Adjust. Thus, this control of the operation of the valve 3.2 means the distribution of the gas flow in the modular segment 1 of the kiln within a predetermined zone so that the user / designer can guide the gas flow according to the application. In one embodiment, the control system includes an access and parameterization interface.

Example 1-Modular movable sibris kiln

The examples presented herein are only intended to illustrate one of the myriad methods of carrying out the invention without limiting the scope of the invention.

The modular mobile kiln of the present invention comprises a system for firing extruded or wet pressed ceramic articles and products with built-in forced exhaust on a sieveless solid floor 2 where sheaves are unnecessary. The sheave is a set of special bricks on an underground structure used to leak and guide flue gas as shown in FIG. 13. The mobile kiln of the prior art requires a sheave as a flue gas conduction device from the kiln's heat source 4, which is responsible for transferring heat to the material during firing, and then through the chimney, if necessary, using an exhaust fan. Release into the atmosphere. The modular movable kiln of the present invention enables the assembly of several different lengths of kilns, including modular segments 1 interchangeable by means of them therebetween. Each modular segment 1 is a means of fastening with another modular segment 1, the insulation of its walls, at least one heat source 4, a flame that allows heat to enter the interior of each modular segment 1 It includes an injection channel 1.1, a gas exhaust channel 1.2 at the base of the wall of the modular segment 1, and a physical size sensor such as, for example, a thermocouple and a pressure sensor. In addition, the modular segment 1 at the end of the kiln comprises a closed door with an automatic opening and closing system controlled by a control system. A concrete form of the movable kiln of the present invention with one of the doors open can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4.

The modular mobile kiln of the present invention includes a forced exhaust system, a control system for the physical parameters inside the kiln, and a heat source (4) supply system, so that sheaves can be excluded and control of gas flow can be strengthened, The efficiency of the kiln can be improved. Forced exhaust systems capable of discarding the use of sheaves include exhaust fans (3.1), coifs communicating at the gas outlets (1.2) of each modular segment (1), gas delivery pipes, and dumpers for guiding gases (dumper) and a flow control valve (3.2). The heat source 4 supply system can control the biomass flow consumed by each kiln. The automation control system communicates with the pressure sensor and temperature sensor inside each modular segment 1, receives and processes data via individually pre-programmed parameters in each modular segment 1, and communicates this information. The flow control valve (3.2) of the forced exhaust system and the heat source (4) are transmitted to the supply system.

Through the mobile kiln system of the present invention, heat can be guided in a controlled manner inside the kiln, temperature gradients can be individually controlled in each modular segment 1, and different materials can be processed simultaneously. . The direction of the thermal and temperature gradients in the modular segment 1 is illustrated by the flow arrows shown in FIG. 6, where heat can propagate to all areas of the modular segment and reach larger internal volumes than previous systems. It can be clearly seen that the flow is distributed in a predetermined area / zone so that the firing of the material to all or most of its contents can be performed more efficiently. Each modular segment 1 can be parameterized independently, has independent data readings, and is considered one or more modular segments 1 in this method of operation.

The kiln moves over the charge to be fired and closes the end door. The heat source 4 supply system supplies biomass to the kiln of each modular segment 1. When the combustion of biomass within the kiln of each modular segment 1 begins, the temperature sensor starts measuring the internal temperature in the kiln, and the specific firing ramp of each modular segment 1 and Data is transferred to a previously configured control system for temperature. The control system then processes this data, increases the biomass supply if the temperature is lower than that defined for its combustion, decreases the supply if the temperature is higher than that defined for its firing, or When the temperature is ideal for firing, a command to maintain the supply is sent to the heat source 4 supply system. In addition, the control system sends a command to the forced exhaust system, changing the opening degree of the flow control valve 3.2, guiding hot air (gas from combustion), accelerating or decelerating the exhaust speed, and thus the inner upper part of the kiln. By controlling the temperature of the kiln together with the temperature of the lower portion of the inside of the kiln, the temperature difference between the upper portion and the lower portion can be set to only 30 ° C. The pressure sensor helps to read the internal exhaust of the kiln, thereby maintaining a continuous firing lamp, equalizing the internal temperature of the kiln, and improving the quality and uniformity of the sintered material.

For purposes of illustration, the mobile kiln of the present invention can be constructed with four modular segments 1 and one kiln per modular segment 1. For the purposes of illustration, the mobile kiln of the present invention can be constructed with eight modular segments 1 and one kiln per modular segment 1. For purposes of illustration, the mobile kiln of the present invention may be constructed of eight modular segments 1 and two kilns per modular segment 1.

The modular movable sibris kiln system of the present invention has a great ecological advantage since it can completely burn fuel and prevent the generation of waste and excessive pollutants. In one embodiment, hot gas from the forced exhaust system is used in the material drying system. When using this gas to dry the red ceramic, the ceramic itself acts as a catalyst, capturing a small number of contaminant particles remaining in the exhaust gas, thus ensuring that this process is a zero or very low pollutant release process.

For purposes of illustration, a test was conducted to measure the discharge of a mobile kiln in accordance with an embodiment of the invention with several modular segments 1 having a kiln heat output of 0.645 MW. To perform the measurement, a through hole reaching the center of the pipe channel was required in the wall of the gas pipe of the forced exhaust system, and a gas analyzer probe was inserted in the transverse direction of the gas flow. Next, NO, NOx, CO, CO ₂ , O ₂ and gas temperatures were sampled using the electrochemical cell included in the analyzer probe. The criteria used for the measurement of gases are DIN 50379-parts 1, 2 and 3. According to the CONAMA resolution n ° 382/06, the fixed source sampled in this case with 0.645 MW firepower should have a maximum emission standard of 1700 mg / Nm³ for carbon monoxide (CO), and NOx as shown in Table 1 below. The standard does not apply to.

Table 1-CONAMA emission standards

Nominal thermal power (MW) NOx (mg / Nm³) Less than 10 Not applicable 10 to 30 650 30 to 70 650 Over 70 650 Nominal thermal power (MW) CO (mg / Nm³) 0.05 max 6500 Greater than 0.05 and equal to 0.15 3250 Greater than 0.15 and equal to 1.0 1700 Greater than 1.0 and equal to 10 1300

The results obtained from the gas analysis showed a concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) of 287 mg / Nm³, which is much lower than 1700 mg / Nm³, which means that the kiln of the present invention has the CONAMA resolution No. 382/06 demonstrates that it is within the defined criteria according to the table, and, as can be seen in Table 2 below, the emission of pollutants from combustion can be broadly reduced.

Table 2-Sampling data

Sampling date 07/26/18 Start measurement 15h: 10min End of measurement 16h: 40min Average gas temperature 230 ℃ Carbon monoxide (CO)
8% oxygen conversion) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Nitric oxide (NOx) Oxygen
(O2) 287 mg / Nm ³ 2.2% 52 mg / Nm ³ 18.6%

Further, for purposes of illustration, in embodiments where the exhaust gas from the kiln of the present invention is directed to a drying apparatus of red ceramic where heat of the gas is reused to dry the ceramic by means of a forced exhaust system, the ceramic acts as a catalyst. Thus increasing the reduction of pollutant emissions and enabling zero or very low pollutant emission processes to increase the ecological benefits of the present invention.

Those skilled in the art will be able to evaluate the knowledge presented herein and reproduce the present invention with the presented forms and other modifications and alternatives included in the scope of the following claims.

Claims (10)

A movable kiln comprising at least one combined modular segment (1),
The kiln comprises a forced exhaust system and a sieveless solid floor (2). According to claim 1,
The sibris solid floor 2 comprises a thermal insulation coating, a removable kiln. According to claim 1,
Each modular segment 1 is associated with the forced exhaust system, a movable kiln. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The modular segment 1 is at least:
a. A physical size sensor located inside the modular segment 1;
b. Flame injection channel 1.1; And
c. A movable kiln comprising a gas discharge channel (1.2). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The forced exhaust system is at least:
a. Exhaust element 3.1; And
b. A movable kiln comprising a flow control valve (3.2). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The movable kiln comprises a control system in communication with at least one physical size sensor of the modular segment 1 and at least one flow control valve 3.2 of the forced exhaust system,
The control system comprises means for controlling the supply of heat of the kiln 4;
The control system includes receiving and processing data from at least one physical size sensor;
The control system comprises transmitting data to at least one flow control valve (3.2) and the heat source (4) supply control means based on the received and processed data. A firing system for ceramic articles and products,
The firing system is at least:
a. A modular movable kiln comprising a physical size sensor located inside the modular segment 1 of the kiln;
b. Forced exhaust system associated with at least one modular segment 1 of the kiln, the forced exhaust system comprising i. Flow control valve (3.2) and ii. Includes an exhaust element (3.1)-;
c. Control system; And
d. A heat source 4 supply system;
The control system comprises a temperature gradient control inside each modular segment 1 of the kiln. The method of claim 7,
The temperature gradient control is:
a. Receiving and processing data from at least one physical size sensor; And
b. Transmitting data to at least one flow control valve (3.2) and a heat source (4) supply control means based on the received and processed data;
The temperature gradient control comprises resolution and heat distribution in a predetermined zone inside each modular segment 1. A method for controlling the firing of ceramic articles and products in a movable kiln comprising at least one modular segment (1),
The firing control method is implemented through a control system, the control system comprising:
a. Receiving parameter data from at least one physical size sensor located inside the modular segment (1);
b. Processing the parameter data; And
c. And sending commands to at least one gas flow control valve (3.2) and at least one heat source (4) power control system;
The command transmission step is performed based on the received parameter data, firing control method. The method of claim 9,
The control system comprises a distribution of gas flow in the modular segment (1) of the kiln in a predetermined zone.

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