KR20190125562A - The loosening Bolt ­Nut ­ ratchet washer - spring effect washer combination - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an anti-loosening bolt, a nut, a ratchet washer, and a washer assembly providing spring effect. At least two nuts are used and coupled, or an anti-loosening nut specially manufactured is used to prevent loosening of a bolt and the nut. The torque of a very high level capable of damaging the ratchet washer should be applied to the nut to uncouple an assembly of the bolt, the nut, and the ratchet washer of a lock type currently known. There is a case that power of damaging the ratchet washer cannot be obtained in accordance with physical capacity, the size and material of the ratchet washer, and a coupling position where it is difficult to apply a tool. A method of preventing reverse rotation using the ratchet washer is safe in comparison with a method of improving a frictional force to prevent loosening. According to the present invention, the anti-loosening bolt can be called a smart bolt by causing innovation of a related field when the ratchet washer can be artificially loosened without damage to the ratchet washer. When loosening the coupled ratchet nut, a method for loosening a nut assembly and an anti-loosening bolt comprises: a step 1) of inserting and pushing an insertion leading groove pin of a loosening device into an insertion leading groove; a step 2) of separating the ratchet washer from a hanging protrusion of the ratchet washer; and a step 3) of turning the ratchet nut and unlocking the ratchet nut. So, the washer assembly cannot be naturally loosened but is easily loosened artificially. Also, there is no component additionally damaged when the washer assembly is locked and unlocked.

Description

Loose bolts, nuts and ratchet washers, washers combinations with spring effect {The loosening Bolt ningNut ­ ratchet washer-spring effect washer combination}

The present invention relates to a bolt, nut and ratchet washer consisting of bolts, nuts and washers, which are provided with an anti-loosening function, which effectively prevents the nut from loosening, and a washer combination providing a spring effect. The bolt and nut loosening prevention products applied at home and abroad are 1) Hard lock of Japan's Hard Rock Industry which increased friction by eccentricity of 2 nuts, and 2) Close contact on the nut top of Lanfranco company of France. ESL nut with structure, 3) Nordlock washer using the washer engagement angle and thread angle of Nordlock company of Sweden, 4) Safer lock to tighten thread by inserting spring of KHI company in Japan into the nut (SAPER LOCK), 5) The NISSEI company's bolt threads are made of double pitched screws, which are tightly fixed with nuts.

Overseas anti-loosening nuts apply the principle of tightening the thread by increasing tightening torque by applying tightened nut tightening torque, using springs, deformations, eccentricity, etc., thereby increasing the frictional force of the threads and making it difficult to loosen. As the nut tightening torque needs to be increased, it is difficult to apply to large bolts and nuts. Thus, the anti-loosening bolt nut assembly of Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1160033 first applied a lock method using a ratchet gear instead of the friction increasing method. Tightening direction by installing a key groove in the bolt, inserting a ratchet washer that rotates in one direction but not reverse in the key groove, and inserts the bolt and ratchet washer combination into the ratchet geared nut. In this case, the anti-loosening function is implemented faithfully. The lock release prevention method has an advantage that it is not necessary to increase the tightening torque separately to prevent loosening according to the size of the bolt and nut. However, in order to loosen the bolt and nut fastened, there is a defect that the only way to break the ratchet gear portion of the ratchet washer by rotating the nut with a very strong force has not been applied to the industrial site. In particular, when the ratchet washer is made of metal rather than plastic to ensure reliability, it may not be possible to dismantle the loosening depending on the fastening position and the physical limitations of the worker that are difficult to access the tool.

As a method for joining different building materials or mechanical parts, bolts and nut combinations are often used, in which bolts are inserted to penetrate these materials, and then clamped with nuts. Alternatively, the thread may be threaded and bolted to the body. However, the bolt and nut combination is slowly released due to external vibration or shock over time, and may act as a factor that compromises the safety and reliability of the coupling portion. Therefore, in order to prevent the loosening of the nut due to the reverse rotation of the bolt and nut, various kinds of fastening means are added, one of them is Utility Model No. 0241791 (bolt with a safety tightening nut). In the case of the registered utility model No. 0241791 shown in FIG. 2, the locking projection 13 formed in the washer 2 is formed by the locking groove 13 in the lengthwise direction of the threaded portion of the bolt body 1, and the washer is caught therein. One of the engaging projections 23 and 32 is formed at the junction of the nut 2 and the nut 3, but has the following problems. Since the nut 3 and the washer 2 are not a structure in which bending deformation and restoration are performed by elastic force, but a compression deformation occurs between the nut 3 and the washer 2, the structure is over ride, so that a rigid washer is used. When the one-sided jaw (32) of the nut (3) can not properly ride over the one-sided jaw (23) of the washer (2). On the other hand, washers made of soft materials (rubber, plastic, etc.) cannot resist strong bolting torque and pressing force. In other words, if the nut 3 is forcibly fastened to the bolt body 1, one of the locking jaws 23 and 32 of the washer 2 or the nut 3 is worn and damaged (broken) to exert its function. Can't. Even if it is forcibly tightened, complete close contact or jam does not occur between the washer 2 and the nut 3 of one of the locking jaws 2 (3 and 3­2, thereby maintaining a poor fastening state. Therefore, even if only a slight vibration occurs in the fastened state, the nut (3) is loosened to maintain the prescribed tightening torque. In addition, once tightened, it can not be dismantled and reused. Turning the nut 3 in the unwinding direction breaks the interlocking washers 2 and one-way jaws 23 and 32 of the nut 3 (with each edge being so badly worn that at least it cannot be reused). Because it is released.

Patent No. 10 1027753, when the nut is tightened, the washer elastic protrusion is flexed and deformed by the washer made of elastic material, and after passing over one side of the locking jaw of the nut, it is restored to its original form by elastic force and is caught on the nut locking jaw. It was configured to. As a problem, when the gap between the fixing member and the washer increases by more than the thickness of the elastic protrusion, the elastic protrusion may fail to be seated on the nut locking jaw.

Patent No. 10 1160033 discloses that an elastic washer is formed in the inner space of a nut having a count bore formed by casting / forging / milling / boring / discharging by forming a groove having a diameter larger than the screw diameter inside the nut. It is accommodated, and tightening the nut, the ratchet washer was elastically deformed and passed over one side of the locking jaw formed inside the nut, and then restored to its original form by elastic force to prevent loosening of the nut by hanging on the other side of the locking jaw. In case of intentional loosening of the fastened nut, the ratchet washer made of relatively thin material is broken before other parts so that the nut can be dismantled. The scheme has two major problems that need to be replaced if damaged ratchet washer to conclude that they can pull back and the conclusion must break the ratchet washer.

Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1160033

Bolts and nuts are widely used throughout the industry, but are in very dangerous situations when unintentionally loosened, especially when objects traveling at high speeds (rails, high speed trains, car wheel nuts, etc.) are loosened. To prevent this, at least two nuts are tightened or specially designed anti-loosening nuts are used. In the case of fastening wood with bolts and nuts, such as walkways, the fastening of bolts and nuts is easy to loosen if the wood shrinks over time. Therefore, in bolt and nut and member combination, it is more efficient to prevent loosening by using a ratchet washer to prevent reverse rotation than to increase the wedge and friction force, but the following problems must be solved.

First, in currently known lock-type bolt and nut and ratchet washer combinations, a very high level of torque must be applied to the nut to break the ratchet washer in order to disengage it. Depending on the physical capacity, the size and material of the ratchet washer, and the fastening position where tool access is difficult, it may not be possible to secure the force that breaks the ratchet washer.

Secondly, in currently known lock and bolt and nut and ratchet washer combinations, the ratchet washer must be broken to release the lock. Broken ratchet washers should be able to be unwound without breaking the ratchet washers as they cannot be reused.

Third, while tightening the nut more flexibly by using the elastic force of the ratchet washer, the ratchet washer restored to its original state by the elastic force is seated in the state caught in the nut in the state that the tightening is completed, the nut by vibration or other external force Should be prevented from unwinding.

Fourth, even after the fastening is completed, even if the nut is loosened a little or a part of the nut or the ratchet washer is damaged, the ratchet washer should be continuously caught by the nut to perform the anti-loosening function.

Fifth, it should be possible to provide a means for finely adjusting and maintaining uniform tightening torque.

In the present invention, when the manager is to unfasten the nut fastened in Patent No. 10 ­ 1160033, the ratchet washer made of a thin elastic material (plastic or metal) is to solve the problem that the nut must be broken first to loosen the nut. In other words, the ratchet washer is broken when the nut is loosened, and there is a problem that the ratchet washer should be replaced with a new ratchet washer when it is later tightened. In particular, it is difficult to apply to a field that requires frequent maintenance work such as dismantling and assembly. In the field of construction and civil engineering, it is often difficult to apply the height of the nut to finely adjust the height of the nut during the horizontal and vertical alignment process (Shim for thickness adjustment between the bolt and the nut). In addition, in the case of increasing the size of the bolt and nut to withstand large vibration and weight, such as a bridge, the ratchet washer is also relatively large and thick, it is difficult to break the ratchet washer to loosen the nut. (M200 weighs about 6 kg of nut)

The problem solving means will be described with reference to FIG. 5 as follows.

Bolt 100; A ratchet nut 180 fastened to the bolt 100; And a first washer (140) in the form of a general washer, optionally used to increase the tightening area between the bolt (100) and the ratchet nut (180). And a second washer 170 coupled to the surface of the nut inner locking jaw 185 in the traveling direction to which the ratchet nut 180 is fastened to provide an anti-loosening function, and the separation of the second washer 170 as an elastic force. A bolt + first washer (washer) + third washer (wave washer) + second washer (ratchet washer) + ratchet nut combination comprising a third washer 150 is provided.

First, the bolt 100, consisting of a bolt head 110 and the bolt body 120, the three to four insertion guide groove 130 is cut along the longitudinal direction in the bolt body 120 is formed threaded And a ratchet nut 180 is formed inside the nut by a method such as casting / forging / milling / boring / discharging a groove having a diameter larger than the screw diameter on one surface facing the second washer 170. And a plurality of locking jaws 185 protruding in the direction of the central axis of the nut at regular intervals on the side wall surface portion of the inner space where the counterbore is processed, and the locking jaws 185 are second washers ( It is formed only up to the height to fit 170, and is configured such that there is no locking jaw 185 in the portion where the third washer 150 is fitted.

Second, at least a portion of the second washer 170 of the anti-loosening function is accommodated in the counterbore inner space of the ratchet nut 180, and a part of the inner circumference of the second washer 170 is formed in the first washer. 2 is provided in the direction of the central axis of the washer 170, one or more rotary projections 175 accommodated in the insertion guide groove 130, protrudes outward along the outer circumference of the second washer 170 When the ratchet nut 180 is inclined in shape, the ratchet nut 180 is elastically deformed while the ratchet nut 180 is elastically deformed, and after passing over one side of the latching jaw 185, the original material is resilient. Is restored to the form, it is configured to a plurality of elastic projections 176 to prevent the loosening of the ratchet nut 180 is caught on the other side of the locking step (185).

Third, the second washer 170 for preventing the departure of the second washer 150, the second washer 170 that is accommodated in the inner space of the count-bore surface of the ratchet nut 180 is provided to provide an anti-loosening function It is configured to be in close contact with the spring elastic force so as not to escape from the ratchet gear.

Fourth, when the plurality of insertion guide groove pins 195 of the release mechanism 190 is inserted into the insertion guide groove 130 on the opposite side of the ratchet nut 180, the insertion guide groove pin 195 is a third washer ( It is configured to release the anti-loosening function by separating the contact between the elastic protrusion 176 and the locking jaw 185 by overcoming the elastic force of 150 and pushing the second washer 170 to a portion where the locking jaw 185 is not formed. .

Fifth, when the ratchet nut is loosened, the insertion guide groove pin 195 of the release mechanism 190 is pushed into the insertion guide groove 130 in step 1), and the second washer 170 is moved in the step 2). After the elastic protrusion 176 of the ratchet nut 180 is removed from the latching jaw 185 of the ratchet nut 180, the ratchet nut 180 is rotated in step 3 to solve the above problem.

Bolts and nuts are widely used throughout the industry, but are in very dangerous situations when unintentionally loosened, especially when objects traveling at high speeds (rails, high speed trains, car wheel nuts, etc.) are loosened. To prevent this, at least two nuts are tightened or specially designed loosening nuts are used. In order to prevent loosening, a method of preventing reverse rotation by using a ratchet washer is safer than a method of increasing friction, and the effect of the configuration of the present invention can be artificially released without damaging the ratchet washer as follows.

First, in case of loosening the fastened ratchet nut, step 1) push the insertion guide groove pin of the release mechanism into the insertion guide groove, step 2) separate the ratchet washer from the latching jaw of the ratchet nut, and then step 3). Rotating the ratchet nut to loosen the lock, it is not naturally loose but artificially easy to loosen. In addition, there is an effect that no parts are broken separately when locking and releasing.

Second, the ratchet nut can be fastened more flexibly by using the elastic force of the ratchet washer.When the ratchet nut is completed, the ratchet washer restored to its original shape by the elastic force is seated on the ratchet nut. The nut can be prevented from loosening.

Third, even after the fastening is completed, even if the ratchet nut is slightly loosened or partially damaged, the ratchet washer may be seated on the ratchet nut to continuously perform the anti-loosening function.

Fourth, compared to other loosening prevention methods (except the Japanese hard lock type), which require very large tightening torques depending on the friction force and wedge effect, even if the ratchet nut is tightened with a torque almost the same as that of a general screw, sufficient loosening prevention is possible. The torque can also be finely adjusted and maintained uniformly.

Fifth, other anti-loosening methods that require high tightening torques because they rely on friction and wedge effects have limitations on the size of the nuts (Japan Hard Rock M200, Korea Safeper-Tak M64), but the present invention is about the same level as general nuts. Since torque is required, it can be applied to a wide range of bolts regardless of size.

1 is a comparison table of the anti-loosening nut commercially available overseas.
2 is a perspective view showing the structure of the prior art.
Figure 3 is a perspective view showing a structure for installing the anti-loosening washer between the bolt and nut of the prior art.
4 is a perspective view showing the structure of installing the bolt and the anti-loosening ratchet washer of the prior art in the ratchet nut.
5 is a bolt of the present invention; A ratchet nut fastened to the bolt; And a first washer in the form of a general washer selectively coupled to increase the tightening area between the bolt and the ratchet nut. And a second washer coupled to the inner side of the nut in the traveling direction to which the ratchet nut is fastened to provide an anti-loosening function; and a third washer that prevents the second washer from being separated by elastic force. Perspective view.
Figure 6 is an assembly view consisting of a ratchet nut, ratchet washer, wave washer, washer bolt of the present invention.
7 is a detailed view showing that the locking projection of the ratchet nut used in the present invention and the elastic protrusion of the second washer are combined to provide a reverse rotation preventing function.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a structure in which the washer release preventing press working surface is installed on the ratchet nut so that the ratchet washer of the present invention is not separated from the ratchet nut during use.
9 is a mechanism diagram showing that the anti-rotation protrusion of the ratchet washer of the present invention is elongated to form an anti-rotation protrusion to protrude on the opposite side of the ratchet nut so that the fastening can be released without a special anti-loosening mechanism.
10 is an embodiment of a third washer that pushes with elastic force so that the elastic protrusion of the ratchet washer of the present invention is not separated from the latching jaw of the ratchet nut.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Prior to this, terms or words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as being limited to the ordinary or dictionary meanings, and the inventors should properly explain the concept of terms in order to best explain their own inventions. Based on the principles that can be defined, it should be interpreted as meanings and concepts corresponding to the technical spirit of the present invention. Thus, the embodiments described in the specification and the configuration shown in the drawings are only one preferred embodiment of the present invention. Since only the technical spirit of the present invention is not representative, it should be understood that there may be various equivalents and modifications that may substitute them at the time of the present application. Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

To prevent bolts and nuts from loosening, tighten at least two nuts or use specially formulated nuts. In currently known lockable bolt and nut and ratchet washer combinations, a very high level of torque must be applied to the nut to break the ratchet washer in order to disengage it. Depending on the physical capacity, the size and material of the ratchet washer, and the fastening position where tool access is difficult, it may not be possible to secure the force that breaks the ratchet washer. In order to prevent loosening, it is safer to prevent reverse rotation by using a ratchet washer than to increase friction, but if it can be artificially released without damaging the ratchet washer as in the present invention, it is possible to innovate in related fields and create a 'smart It can be called a bolt. The concept of the new 'smart bolts and nuts', which can't be naturally solved but is artificially easy, is as follows.

1 is a comparison table of the anti-loosening nut commercially available overseas. The bolt and nut loosening prevention products applied domestically and internationally are: 1) Hard lock of Japan's Hard Rock Industry, which has increased the friction force by eccentric two nuts, and 2) adheres to the nut top of Lanfranco company of France. ESL nut with structure, 3) Nordlock washer using the washer engagement angle and thread angle of Nordlock company of Sweden, 4) Safer lock to tighten thread by inserting spring of KHI company in Japan into the nut (SAPER LOCK), 5) The NISSEI company's bolt threads are made of double pitched screws, which are tightly fixed with nuts. As described above, Figure 2 is a perspective view showing the structure of the prior art. Figure 3 is a perspective view showing a structure for installing the anti-loosening washer between the bolt and nut of the prior art. 4 is a perspective view showing the structure of installing the bolt and the anti-loosening ratchet washer of the prior art in the ratchet nut.

5 is a bolt of the present invention; A ratchet nut fastened to the bolt; And a first washer in the form of a general washer selectively coupled to increase the tightening area between the bolt and the ratchet nut. And a second washer coupled to the inner side of the nut in the traveling direction to which the ratchet nut is fastened to provide an anti-loosening function; and a third washer that prevents the second washer from being separated by elastic force. It is a perspective view. Figure 6 is an assembly view consisting of a ratchet nut, ratchet washer, wave washer, washer bolt of the present invention. 7 is a detailed view showing that the locking projection of the ratchet nut used in the present invention and the elastic protrusion of the second washer are combined to provide a reverse rotation preventing function. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a structure in which the washer release preventing press working surface is installed on the ratchet nut so that the ratchet washer of the present invention is not separated from the ratchet nut during use. 9 is a mechanism diagram showing that the anti-rotation protrusion of the ratchet washer of the present invention is elongated to form an anti-rotation protrusion to protrude on the opposite side of the ratchet nut so that the fastening can be released without a special anti-loosening mechanism. 10 is an embodiment of a third washer that pushes with elastic force so that the elastic protrusion of the ratchet washer of the present invention is not separated from the latching jaw of the ratchet nut.

In the means for preventing the loosening of the bolt and nut, the bolt 100 is made of a bolt head 110 and the bolt body 120, is cut along the longitudinal direction of the bolt body 120 is a thread formed A plurality of insertion guide grooves 130 are provided, and the ratchet nut 180 has one side facing the second washer 170 with a count bore, and the counterbore of the ratchet nut 180 has a counterbore. The side wall surface portion is provided with a plurality of locking projections 185 protruding in the direction of the central axis of the nut at regular intervals on the arc, and the first washer 140 is . It is provided in the form of a general washer selectively coupled to increase the tightening area between the bolt (100) and the ratchet nut (180); The second washer 170, the ratchet nut 180 is a counter bore is partially accommodated at least in the processing space inside of the second washer 170 is part of the inner circle is the second washer 170 of the One or more anti-rotation protrusions 175 protruded in the direction of the central axis and accommodated in the insertion guide groove 130, protrude outward along the outer circumference of the second washer 170, and the ratchet nut ( 180 is inclined in the direction of tightening, tightening the ratchet nut 180, while elastically deformed, after passing over one side of the locking jaw 185 is restored to its original form by the elastic force, the A plurality of elastic protrusions 176 are provided on the other side of the latching jaw 185 to prevent the ratchet nut 180 from being loosened. The third washer 150 has a latching jaw of the ratchet nut 180. The elastic protrusion 176 of the second washer 170 accommodated in the surface is engaged with the locking jaw 185. Retaining jaw so as to face away from the form in g and characterized in that the elastic portion 160 to contact the second washer (170) by the elastic force provided. If the elastic protrusion 176 of the second washer 170 is engaged with the locking projection 185 of the ratchet nut 180 by installing an elastic part at the lower end of the bolt head direction of the second washer 170, the third washer ( 150 may be substituted. The bolt 100 is composed of a bolt head 110 and the bolt body 120, the insertion guide groove 130 is cut along the longitudinal direction of the bolt body 120 is formed with a screw thread is provided. The insertion guide groove 130 may be provided with three or four. The first washer 140 is a flat washer or a spring washer used for general tightening and a washer of a special shape, and may be omitted when sufficient contact force, frictional force and anti-loosening force are secured, and engaged with the ratchet nut 180 to loosen. The second washer 170 that provides the prevention function is provided with a rotation preventing protrusion 175 in which a part of the inner circumference protrudes toward the center of the second washer 170 and is accommodated in the insertion guide groove 130. The protrusion 175 may have a flat planar cross section as shown, but the distal end may be bent toward the ratchet nut 180. When the distal end is bent or thick enough, the anti-rotation protrusion 175 breaks out of the insertion guide groove 130 and blocks the ratchet nut 180 from being inserted into the valley between the threads formed in the bolt body 120. You can do it more easily and perfectly. In addition, even when the second washer 170 is inserted into the bolt 100, the anti-rotation protrusion 310 may be more easily inserted when the anti-rotation protrusion 310 is bent as shown in FIG. The second washer 450 that engages with the ratchet nut 400 to provide an anti-loosening function protrudes along an outer circumference and tightens the ratchet nut 400 so that the outer end of the second washer rides on one side of the locking jaw 420. After it has been restored to its original form by elastic force, a plurality of elastic protrusions 440 for preventing the ratchet nut 400 from loosening are caught on the arc at regular intervals, the outer end of which is caught on the other side of the locking jaw 420. It is provided. The elastic protrusion 440 may be flexibly deformed and restored by elastic force. When the ratchet nut 400 and the second washer 450 are in contact with each other, the elastic protrusion 440 is tightened to deform the elastic protrusion 440 while the elastic protrusion 440 is deformed. After passing over one side of the locking jaw 420 is restored to its original form by the elastic force and the outer end is caught on the other side of the locking jaw 420 is effectively prevented the loosening of the ratchet nut 400. The second washer 450 and the ratchet nut 400 of the anti-loosening function are used in combination, and having an elastic protrusion 440 of an appropriate shape in consideration of the shape of the locking jaw 420 of the ratchet nut 400. The second washer 450 may be selected and used. The elastic protrusion 440 of the second washer 450 is a shape in which the outer circumferential portion of the second washer 450, which is bent 90 degrees toward the ratchet nut 400, is cut at regular intervals and spread outwardly, and the aberration of the watermill is overall. Or, the elastic protrusion 440 of the second washer 450 may protrude at regular intervals along the outer circumference of the second washer 450, and may have a twisted shape in a propeller shape. The elastic protrusion 440 is formed in the inner space of the counterbore of the ratchet nut 400 (manufactured by casting / forging / milling / boring / discharging by forming a groove having a diameter larger than the screw diameter inside the nut). In the process of riding over the inclined surface 410, which is one side of the locking jaw 420, the deformation and restoration by the elastic force are repeated, and when the final tightening is completed, the ratchet nut is caught by the stepped surface 412 which is the other side of the locking jaw 420. 400 to prevent loosening. The specific number of the elastic protrusions 440, the bent angle and shape, and the like are not necessarily limited to the shapes of the accompanying drawings, and various design modifications are possible within the scope in which the sameity of the invention is recognized. One surface of the ratchet nut 400 facing the second washer 450 is count bored, and a plurality of locking jaws 420 protruding at regular intervals are formed on the arc of the count bore inner surface of the ratchet nut 400. It is provided with the elastic protrusion 440 of the second washer 450 to prevent the ratchet nut 400 from loosening. A latching jaw 420 is formed on the count bore processing surface of the ratchet nut 450 so that the latching jaw within and outside the thickness of the second washer into which the second washer 450 is fitted. Forming surface 490 and the elastic modification of the third washer 470 is fitted into the engaging shoulder It is divided into the removal surface (495) . The height of the locking jaw removing surface 495 should be somewhat smaller than the thickness of the third washer 470. When the third washer 470 is fitted to the engaging jaw removing surface 495, since it is smaller than the thickness, the third washer 470 is elastically deformed to seat the second washer 450 on the engaging jaw forming surface 490. The elastic deformation width of the third washer 470 should be larger than the thickness of the second washer 450. When the insertion guide groove pin 195 of the release mechanism 190 is pushed into the insertion guide groove 130 on the opposite side of the ratchet nut 180, the insertion guide groove pin 195 receives the elastic force of the third washer 150. Then, the second washer 170 is pushed to a portion where the locking step 185 is not formed, and the locking step 185 is configured to release the anti-loosening function by separating the contact of the elastic protrusion 176. The latching jaw 420 of the ratchet nut 400 may have a shape where the base and the height of the triangle are respectively coupled to the bottom and sidewall portions of the count bore inner space of the ratchet nut 400. When the nut 400 is tightened, the elastic protrusion 440 of the second washer 450 rides on the inclined surface 410 and rides on the inclined surface 410 while causing the elastic deformation toward the central axis of the second washer 450. It may be composed of a stepped surface 412 is caught the outer end of the elastic protrusion 440 is restored to its original shape after the over. The connecting surface 411 is provided in an intermediate section connecting the inclined surface 410 and the stepped surface 412, and the connecting surface 411 is not necessarily required, and the stepped surface 410 is formed at the point where the inclined surface 410 ends. 412 may begin. In addition, the inclined surface 410 and the stepped surface 412 are not necessarily arranged continuously, but may be arranged at regular intervals. The second washer 450 is pressed by the elasticity of the third washer 470 in a narrow space inside the counterbore of the ratchet nut 400 and is accommodated in the locking step forming surface 490 so that the amplitude of swinging up, down, left, and right is extremely high. Because of the limitations, even in the case of extreme vibration or impact on the outside, deformation or breakage beyond the elastic limit or allowable stress of the second washer 450 may not occur until the bolt or nut is broken. Excellent loosening performance without loss. The outer circumferential surface of the ratchet nut 400 is shown in a circular shape, but is not necessarily limited to a circular shape, and may be a polyhedron such as a hexagon like other nuts. In order to increase the elastic force, the second washer 450 of the anti-loosening function may be configured as a 'C' shaped ring in which both ends of the elastic protrusion 440 are formed in only a portion of the opening.

The ratchet nut 400 is processed on one surface facing the second washer 450 (counter inside the nut by a method such as casting / forging / milling / boring / discharging a groove having a diameter larger than the screw diameter). A plurality of locking jaws 420 protruding in the direction of the central axis of the nut at regular intervals on the side wall surface portion of the inner space of the counterbore; A locking step forming surface 490 having a locking step 420 only to a height at which the second washer 170 is inserted; And a locking jaw removing surface 495 having no locking jaw 420 at a portion into which the third washer 150 that is elastically deformed is fitted. In addition, when the latching jaw 420 of the ratchet nut 400 is tightened to the ratchet nut 400 on one side thereof, the elastic protrusion 440 of the second washer 450 is the second washer 450. An inclined surface 410 is formed to ride over while causing an elastic deformation toward the central axis of the stepped surface 412 that the elastic protrusion 440 is restored to its original shape after riding the inclined surface 410. ) Is formed . The latching jaw 420 of the ratchet nut 400 is configured in a triangular shape where the base and the height of the triangle are respectively coupled to the bottom surface and the inner circumferential surface of the counterbore inner space of the ratchet nut 400.

The second washer 170, the ratchet nut 180 is a counter bore is partially accommodated at least in the processing space inside of the second washer 170 is part of the inner circle is the second washer 170 of the Protruding in the direction of the central axis, provided with at least one rotary protrusion 175 accommodated in the insertion guide groove 130, protrudes outward along the outer circumference of the second washer 170, the ratchet nut ( 180 is inclined in the direction of tightening, tightening the ratchet nut 180, while elastically deformed, after passing over one side of the locking jaw 185 is restored to its original form by the elastic force, the A plurality of elastic protrusions 176 are provided on the other side of the locking jaw 185 to prevent the ratchet nut 180 from being loosened. At this time, when the second washer 170 of the anti-loosening function is constituted by a magnet, the second washer 170 providing the anti-loosening function may be caught by the magnetic force, and thus, the locking projection forming surface 490 may be provided. ) So that it doesn't leave. Alternatively, the second washer 170 of the anti-loosening function is provided with an elastic plate acting as a spring at the lower end of the moving direction in which the anti-loosening function is engaged , and the second washer 170 providing the anti-loosening function even without the third washer 150 It may be configured not to be separated from the locking step forming surface 490. The elastic protrusion 440 of the second washer 450 may have a shape in which the bent outer circumferential portion of the second washer 450 is cut at regular intervals and spread outward. Alternatively, the shape of the second washer 450 may be twisted into a propeller shape protruding at regular intervals. Alternatively, the second washer 450 of the anti-loosening function may be configured in the form of a 'C' shaped ring in which both ends of the elastic protrusion 440 are formed in only a portion of the opening.

The third washer 150 which is in close contact with the second washer 170 is accommodated in a space inside the latching jaw removing surface 495 of one side of the count bore of the ratchet nut 180 to provide an anti - loosening function. The second washer 170 is caught It is configured to be in close contact with the elastic force so as not to be separated from the formation surface 490 . The third washer 150, wave spring washer having an elastic force while deforming the elastic wave portion; or. Dish springs; Or lock washers; Alternatively, it can be configured as a spring washer or a circular spring.

In this manner how to turn loose by configuration, the ratchet nut 180 is pushed into the insertion guide channels pin 195 of the pay-off release mechanism 190 on the opposite side to the insertion guide channels 130, the insertion guide channels pin (195 ) are elastic projections of the third washer (locking step 185, a second washer 170 overcomes the elastic force of 150) is pushed to a portion (removal catching projection surface) is not formed, the second washer (170) ( 176 and the latching jaw 185 of the ratchet nut 180 are separated to release the anti-loosening function. Alternatively, the second washer (600) having a non-rotating protrusion pillar (610) having a length that can protrude on the opposite side of the ratchet nut (640); Simultaneously pressing the protruding anti-rotation protrusion pillar 610 when unlocking, the elastic force of the third washer is overcome and the second washer 600 is the locking jaw in which the locking jaw is not formed. It is pushed to the removal surface , it can be configured to release the anti-loosening function by separating the engaging projection of the elastic protrusion 620 and the ratchet nut 640 of the second washer 600. The second washer and the release method of the anti-loosening bolt and nut combination

       In addition, when the number of the latching jaw of the ratchet nut 400 having the anti-loosening function is N and the number of the elastic protrusions 440 of the second washer 450 is M, M = n * N ± 1 (where n is a positive integer to determine the number of M and N to obtain a more precise and uniform tightening torque, and the ability to resist loosening the next locking step (1 ~ 3 ° only loosened) 420 is held sequentially to prevent loosening more completely. (Example of micro caliper gear mechanism) That is, if the number of latching jaws 420 of the ratchet nut 400 is 6 and n is 5, the number of elastic protrusions 440 of the second washer 450 is 29 or 31. It becomes a dog. In this case, 5 + 5/6 or 6 + 1/6 elastic protrusions 440 are allocated to the latching jaw 420 of the ratchet nut 400, so that only 1/6 ratchets are larger than the size of one elastic protrusion 440. When the nut 400 is further turned, a latch is made between the elastic protrusion 440 and the locking jaw 420. Each of the elastic protrusions 440 is arranged at a 360 ° / 29 interval (about 12 °). Turning 400) only 12.4 ° / 6 (about 2 °) results in a jam. If the number of elastic protrusions 440 is simply an integer multiple of the number of the locking projections 420 without following the above formula, the locking is performed only by the arrangement angle of the elastic protrusions 440, for example, the elastic protrusions 440. If the number of pieces is 30 and the number of catching jaws 420 is 6, the elastic ratchet 440 is allocated to the catching jaws 420 by one bar ratchet knuckle 400 by 360 ° / 30 (12 °). It will be understood that the lock is not made until it is turned, so that the ratchet nut 400 has a considerable difference from the angle at which the ratchet nut 400 is to be rotated in order to be engaged. That is, even if the arrangement intervals of the elastic protrusions 440 are similar to each other, the case where the number of the latching jaws 420 is not an integer multiple of the number may be significantly different in the precision of tightening. That is, when the number of the locking projections 420 is N and the number of the elastic protrusions 440 is M, elasticity is established such that M = n * N ± 1 (where n is a positive integer). The protrusion 440 and the locking jaw 420 are configured.

In the ratchet nut 520, a washer preventing press-processing surface 530 having a diameter smaller than that of the third washer 540 so that the second washer 510 or the third washer 540 is not separated from the ratchet nut 520. ); Or, it can be configured to have a punched surface for preventing washer detachment so that the user does not have to cook the second washer and the third washer and the ratchet nut.

As described above, the technical configuration of the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not necessarily limited to these embodiments, and various design changes are made within the scope of not changing the technical gist of the present invention. In addition, the addition or deletion of well-known technology, simple numerical limitation, change of shape which can be easily changed at the level of those skilled in the art, etc., also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

100: bolt 110: bolt head
120: bolt body 130: insertion guide groove
140: first washer 150: third washer (wave washer)
160: wave elastic portion 170: second washer (ratchet washer)
175: anti-rotation protrusion 176: elastic protrusion
180: ratchet nut 185: locking jaw
190: loosening release mechanism 195: guide guide groove insertion pin
200: bolt 210: washer
220: wave washer 230: ratchet washer
240: Ratchet Nut 400: Ratchet Nut
410: inclined surface 411: connection surface
412: stepped surface 420: locking step
430: anti-rotation protrusion 440: elastic projection
450: second washer 460: first washer
470: third washer 480: wave elastic portion
490: locking step forming surface 495: locking step removing surface
500: bolt 510: second washer
520: Ratchet Nut 530: Second Washer
530: Washer departure prevention press working surface
540: third washer 550: release mechanism
560: guide guide groove insertion pin 570: guide guide groove
600: second washer 610: anti-rotation protrusion
620: elastic projection 630: ratchet nut
640: anti-rotation protrusion protruding from the nut half face

Claims (17)

Means for preventing the bolts and nuts from loosening,
The bolt 100 is ,
Comprising a bolt head 110 and the bolt body 120, a plurality of insertion guide grooves 130 are cut along the longitudinal direction of the bolt body 120 is formed with a screw thread,
The ratchet nut 180 is ,
One surface facing the second washer 170 is counted bore,
A plurality of locking jaws 185 protruding in the direction of the central axis of the nut at regular intervals are provided on the sidewall surface of the counterbore inner space of the ratchet nut 180 on a circular arc,
The first washer 140 is.
It is provided in the form of a general washer selectively coupled to increase the tightening area between the bolt (100) and the ratchet nut (180);
The second washer 170 ,
At least a portion is accommodated in the counterbore inner space of the ratchet nut 180, and a part of the inner circumferential circle of the second washer 170 protrudes toward the central axis of the second washer 170 to induce the insertion. At least one anti-rotation protrusion 175 accommodated in the groove 130 is provided, protrudes outward along the outer circumference of the second washer 170, and is inclined in a direction for tightening the ratchet nut 180. It has a shape, while tightening the ratchet nut 180 is elastically deformed, and after passing over one side of the locking jaw 185 is restored to its original form by the elastic force, it is caught on the other side of the locking jaw 185 A plurality of elastic protrusions 176 are provided to prevent the ratchet nut 180 from loosening,
The third washer 150 is ,
The second washer 170 by the elastic force so that the elastic protrusion 176 of the second washer 170 accommodated in the latching jaw forming surface of the ratchet nut 180 does not leave the engaging jaw forming surface engaged with the locking jaw 185. Loosening bolt nut assembly, characterized in that the elastic portion 160 is provided in close contact with
The method according to claim 1,
The ratchet nut 400 is processed on one surface facing the second washer 450 (counter inside the nut by a method such as casting / forging / milling / boring / discharging a groove having a diameter larger than the screw diameter), A plurality of locking jaws 420 protruding in the direction of the central axis of the nut at regular intervals on the side wall surface portion of the counter bore inner space;
A locking step forming surface 490 having a locking step 420 only to a height at which the second washer 170 is inserted; And
The ratchet nut of the anti-loosening bolt and nut combination, comprising a locking jaw removing surface 495 having no locking jaw 420 at a portion into which the elastically deformable third washer 150 is fitted.
The method according to claim 1,
The latching jaw 420 of the ratchet nut 400,
On one side, when the ratchet nut 400 is tightened, the inclined surface 410 in which the elastic protrusion 440 of the second washer 450 rides while causing elastic deformation toward the central axis of the second washer 450 is Formed,
On the other side of the ratchet nut of the anti-loosening bolt and nut combination, characterized in that the stepped surface 412 is caught by the elastic protrusion 440 is restored to its original shape after passing over the inclined surface (410)
The method according to claim 1,
The latching jaw 420 of the ratchet nut 400
The ratchet nut of the anti-loosening bolt and nut combination, wherein the base and the height of the triangle are triangular shapes coupled to the bottom surface and the inner circumferential surface of the counterbore inner space of the ratchet nut 400, respectively.
The method according to claim 1,
The second washer 170 of the anti-loosening function,
At least a portion is accommodated in the counterbore inner space of the ratchet nut 180, and a portion of the inner circumferential circle of the second washer 170 protrudes in the direction of the central axis of the second washer 170,
At least one rotary protrusion 175 accommodated in the insertion guide groove 130 is provided,
Protruding outward along the outer circumference of the second washer 170, and has a shape inclined in the direction for tightening the ratchet nut 180, while tightening the ratchet nut 180, while the elastic After riding over one side of the jaw 185 is restored to its original form by the elastic force, it is provided with a plurality of elastic projections 176 to be caught on the other side of the locking jaw 185 to prevent the ratchet nut 180 from loosening. Second washer of anti-loosening bolt and nut combination
The method according to claim 5,
The second washer 170 of the anti-loosening function is composed of a magnet
By its own magnetic force,
Without third washer 150
The second washer of the anti-loosening bolt and nut combination, wherein the second washer 170 providing the anti-loosening function is configured so as not to be separated from the locking step forming surface 490.
The method according to claim 5,
The second washer 170 of the anti-loosening function,
An elastic plate acting as a spring is installed at the lower end of the fastening direction
Without third washer 150
The second washer of the anti-loosening bolt and nut combination, wherein the second washer 170 providing the anti-loosening function is configured so as not to be separated from the locking step forming surface 490.
The method according to claim 5,
The elastic protrusion 440 of the second washer 450,
The second washer of the anti-loosening bolt and nut combination, wherein the bent outer circumferential portion of the second washer 450 is cut at regular intervals and spread outwardly.
The method according to claim 5,
The elastic protrusion 440,
The second washer of the anti-loosening bolt and nut combination, wherein the second washer is twisted into a propeller shape protruding at regular intervals according to the outer circumference of the washer 450.
The method according to claim 5,
The second washer 450 of the anti-loosening function of the anti-loosening bolt and nut combination is characterized in that the elastic protrusion 440 is formed in a ring-shaped 'C' shape in which both ends are formed in only a portion of the opening. Second washer
The method according to claim 1,
The third washer 150 that comes in close contact with the second washer
The ratchet nut 180 is accommodated in the inner space of the engaging jaw removing surface 495 of the count bore surface
The second washer 170 that provides the anti - loosening function is caught The third washer of the anti-loosening bolt and nut combination, which is configured to be in close contact with an elastic force so as not to be separated from the forming surface 490.
The method according to claim 11,
The third washer 150 that comes in close contact with the second washer
A wave washer having an elastic force while deforming the wave elastic part; or.
Dish springs; or,
Lock washers; or,
Spring washer or third washer of anti-loosening bolt and nut combination characterized in that it is configured as a circular spring
The method according to claim 1,
Ratchet nut 180 is pushed into the insert-pin guide grooves 195 of the pay-off release mechanism 190 on the opposite side to the insertion guide channels 130,
Insertion guide groove pin 195 is to overcome the elastic force of the third washer 150 and push the second washer 170 to the portion (locking jaw removal surface) is not formed, the locking jaw 185 ,
The release preventing method of the loosening bolt and nut combination of the second washer 170 is configured to release the anti-loosening function by separating the contact between the elastic protrusion 176 and the latching jaw 185 of the ratchet nut 180. And appliances
The method according to claim 1,
The second washer (600) having an anti-rotation protrusion (610) having a length that can protrude up to the opposite side of the ratchet nut (640);
Pressing the anti-rotation protrusion pillar 610 at the same time when the release is released,
3 overcomes the elastic force of the washer second washer 600 is not engaging the locking step is formed chin Pushed to the removal side ,
A second washer and a release release of the anti-loosening bolt and the nut combination are configured to release the anti-loosening function by separating the engaging protrusion contact between the elastic protrusion 620 of the second washer 600 and the ratchet nut 640. Way
The method according to claim 14,
The second washer (600) having an anti-rotation protrusion (610) having a length that can protrude up to the opposite side of the ratchet nut (640);
The end of the anti-rotation protrusion pillar 610 is configured to protrude in a '┓' shape in the circumferential direction of the second washer 600, respectively,
Simultaneously pressing the anti-rotation protrusion pillar 610 protruding into a cylinder having the same inner diameter as the bolt outer diameter,
The second washer and the release method of the anti-loosening bolt and nut combination which overcomes the elastic force of the third washer and the second washer is pushed to the removing surface of the locking jaw where the locking jaw is not formed.
The method according to claim 1,
The number of the locking jaw 420 is called N
When the number of the elastic protrusions 440 is M,
M = n * N ± 1, where n is a positive integer
Loosening bolt and nut combination, characterized in that the relationship
The method according to claim 1,
The ratchet nut 520 is
So that the second washer 510 and the third washer 540 are not separated from the ratchet nut 520.
A washer escape preventing press working surface 530 having a diameter smaller than that of the third washer 540; or,
Loosen bolt and nut combination, characterized in that it has a punched surface to prevent washer removal

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