KR20190005108A - Additive to reduce the amount of fine dist and increase the collection efficiency of dust collector - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition including at least one selected from an alkali metal-containing compound, an aluminum (Al) containing compound, a boron (B) containing compound, a calcium (Ca) containing compound, a silicon (Si) containing compound, and a peroxide. At least one of the alkali metal containing compound or an aluminum containing compound is included, and the silicon containing compound is contained in an amount of less than 20% by weight based on the total weight of the entire composition excluding a solvent. According to the composition of the present invention, the fine dust is reduced and the efficiency of the dust collector is increased, thereby reducing emission of the fine dust in the air.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to an additive for reducing the amount of fine dust generated or increasing the dust collection rate of a dust collector,

The present invention reduces the amount of fine dust generated by the use of fossil fuels such as coal containing ash in a combustion engine or the like and solid fuel (SRD: wood-pallet, RDF, RPF, etc.) (ESP, Bag-filter, etc.) of the dust collecting device.

Conventional fine dust control technology and dust collecting ability of the dust collector are as shown in Table 1 below. As shown in the following, fine dust having a size of 0.05 μm or less is difficult to collect.

<Conventional Dust Collector Size and Capability> Device Collecting particle size (탆) Capture capacity (%) Non-collected dust (dust) Filter dust collector
(Bag Filter) 20 to 0.1 90 to 99.9 0.1 μm or less Electrostatic precipitator (EP) 20 to 0.05 85 ~ 99 Not more than 0.05 μm

The performance of the electrostatic precipitator is influenced by the constituents and properties of the ash due to the electric resistance value of about 10 ⁴ ~ 10 ¹⁰ Ω ^- ㎝, and the collecting ability of all the dust collecting devices for the fine dust contains unburned carbon and VOCs And is influenced by the size of a particle composed of one Si, Al, Mg, Ca, Fe, Na, K, and Ti.

(US20050098038A1), a low pressure impact separator for separation, classification and collection of ultra-fine particles (JPS62207804A), Apparatus for seperating and capturing ultra-fine particles Patent Publication No. KR10-2015-0066413, a device for removing harmful asbestos ultrafine particles by the method of adsorption with inertia, KR10-0825933, a fine dust and ultrafine dust collecting device capable of continuously transferring a collecting filter cassette The present invention is a technique for increasing the size of fine dust by using a chemical additive and improving the dust collecting efficiency of the dust collecting apparatus.

The fine dust is generated by the production of volatile substances and non-volatile substances of the inorganic substances contained in the ash exposed to the combustion and the high temperature. Particularly, volatile substances such as potassium volatilize at low temperatures and become a cause of fine dust, Even in a reducing atmosphere, it becomes a volatile substance and becomes a factor of fine dust.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising at least one selected from an alkali metal-containing compound, an aluminum (Al) containing compound, a boron (B) containing compound, a calcium (Ca)

And at least one of the alkali metal-containing compound or the aluminum-containing compound,

Wherein the silicon containing compound is included in an amount of less than 20% by weight based on the total weight of the total composition excluding the solvent.

In one embodiment, the composition comprises

i) an alkali metal-containing compound and an aluminum-containing compound;

ii) an alkali metal-containing compound, an aluminum-containing compound and a peroxide;

iii) an alkali metal-containing compound and / or a boron-containing compound;

iv) an alkali metal-containing compound, a boron-containing compound and an aluminum-containing compound;

v) an aluminum-containing compound, a calcium-containing compound and a silicon-containing compound;

vi) an aluminum-containing compound, an alkali-metal-containing compound and a silicon-containing compound; or

vii) an aluminum-containing compound, a boron-containing compound, an alkali metal-containing compound, a calcium-containing compound, a silicon-containing compound and a peroxide.

In one embodiment, the silicon containing compound may be included in an amount of 0 to 10 weight percent based on the total weight of the total composition, excluding the solvent.

In one embodiment, the alkali metal containing compound may be at least one metal containing compound selected from lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K).

In one embodiment, the alkali metal containing compound is selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium hydrogen carbonate, lithium phosphate, , Sodium perborate, lithium peroxide, sodium peroxide, sodium oxide and lithium oxide.

In one embodiment, the aluminum containing compound is selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, kaolin, bauxite, aluminum silicate, aluminum phosphate, sodium aluminate, [Al (OH) ₄ ] ^. _{Ion, [Al (H 2 O)} 2 (OH) 4] ?? Ion. &Lt; / RTI &gt;

In one embodiment, the boron-containing compound may be at least one selected from boric acid, borax, and borate.

In one embodiment, the silicon-containing compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide and silicate.

In one embodiment, the calcium-containing compound may be at least one selected from calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, quicklime, slaked lime, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen carbonate, calcium hydroxide and calcium bicarbonate.

In one embodiment, the peroxide may be at least one selected from sodium perborate, hydrogen peroxide, sodium permanganate, lithium peroxide and sodium peroxide.

In one embodiment, the composition may further comprise at least one solvent selected from water, sorbitol, ethanol, methanol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, butylene glycol, glycerin, EDTA, nitric acid and amine series surfactants.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fine dust reducing agent comprising the above composition.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an improvement agent for a dust collecting apparatus comprising the composition.

According to the composition of the present invention, when the composition is injected into a fuel or furnace during combustion and high temperature, these compositions adsorb and aggregate volatile substances (especially inorganic volatiles and the like) to increase the size of the fine dust , Thereby increasing the size of the fine dust to such an extent that it can be collected in a dust collecting device such as EP, thereby reducing the amount of fine dust and increasing the efficiency of the dust collecting device, thereby reducing the air emission of the fine dust.

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for reducing the amount of fine dust generated by the use of fossil fuels such as coal containing ash in a high temperature combustion engine and solid fuels such as wood-chip, wood-pallet, RDF and RPF (ESP, Bag-filter, etc.) of the dust collecting apparatus and / or the fine dust collecting apparatus.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising at least one selected from an alkali metal-containing compound, an aluminum (Al) containing compound, a boron (B) containing compound, a calcium (Ca) Containing compound or an aluminum-containing compound, wherein the silicon-containing compound is contained in an amount of less than 20% by weight based on the total weight of the total composition excluding the solvent.

That is, the composition of the present invention necessarily includes at least one of an alkali metal-containing compound or an aluminum-containing compound.

Fine dusts are formed by burning or volatilizing mainly potassium and sodium at a high temperature. Aluminum-containing compounds such as sodium aluminum oxide have a property of increasing the size of fine dust by adsorbing substances such as volatile potassium.

When containing the aluminum-containing compound in the composition, the fine particles are adsorbed on the aluminum-containing compound, fine particles of the aluminum-containing compound with an alkali metal (such as especially NaOH, Na ₂ CO ₃₎ (e.g., sodium) containing compound And a silicon-containing compound (particularly, silicon oxide, silicate, etc.) are mixed and used in a liquid or solid phase, cohesion of the fine dust increases, size and volume increase, and the size of the fine dust tends to increase. In addition, The electrical resistance value can be adjusted.

For example, the composition of the present invention may comprise an alkali metal containing compound and an aluminum containing compound. In this case, the mixing ratio of the alkali metal-containing compound and the aluminum compound may be 1: 5 to 5: 1 by weight.

For example, the compositions of the present invention may comprise water, sodium hydroxide and sodium aluminate. The weight ratio of water: sodium hydroxide: sodium aluminate may be 70 to 90: 1 to 5: 1 to 5.

The fuel obtained by mixing coal and wood chips at a ratio of 5 to 10: 1 to 3 by weight with a composition (for example, Composition 1 described later) mixed at the above ratios is used at an average temperature of about 1100 When the outlet temperature of the furnace is in the vicinity of about 600 ° C at a rate of 'fuel: water: composition = 1000 to 3000: 2 to 10: 1' in a boiler which maintains the temperature of the furnace, Impactor with a sampling system) showed that PM _2.5 (0.001 ~ 2.5um) decreased by 72.1% and PM ₁₀ decreased by about 30%. The measured concentration of fine dust (0.001 ~ 0.1μm) decreased by about 71.1% even when the fuel was injected at the same rate and the fuel was combusted and measured by the same method.

In addition, char, soot, and other unfired materials make inorganic compounds volatile in a reducing atmosphere, and these volatile materials can also be used as peroxides to inhibit the formation and generation of micro dust particles. have.

For example, the compositions of the present invention may comprise water, sodium hydroxide, sodium aluminate, hydrogen peroxide and ethanolamine. The weight ratio of water: sodium hydroxide: sodium aluminate: hydrogen peroxide: ethanolamine may be 60 to 80: 2 to 8: 2 to 8: 2 to 8: 2 to 8.

The composition (for example, Composition 2 described later) mixed with the above ratio is mixed with coal to a coal boiler using 320 tons of coal per day at 70 to 150: As a result, it was found that the amount of dust generation at the rear end of EP decreased by about 25%, the consumption amount of EP decreased by about 5%, and the concentration of fine dust (0.001 ~ 0.1 ㎛) decreased by about 86.7%.

Boron, which is a boron-containing compound such as aluminum. For example, the compositions of the present invention may comprise water, sodium hydroxide, and borax. The weight ratio of water: sodium hydroxide: borax may be 70 to 90: 1 to 7: 1 to 16.

When the temperature of the rear end of the furnace is about 600 ° C as described above, the composition (for example, composition 3 described later) mixed at the above ratios is mixed at a ratio of 'water: composition = 5 to 10: 5 to 10' As a result, the measured concentration of fine dust (0.001 ~ 0.1 ㎛) was reduced by about 28.9%.

For example, the compositions of the present invention may comprise water, sodium hydroxide, borax and aluminum phosphate. In this case, the weight ratio of water: sodium hydroxide: borax: aluminum phosphate may be 70 to 97: 1 to 7: 1 to 15: 1 to 15.

Compositions (for example, Composition 4 described later) mixed at the above ratios were mixed at a ratio of 'water: composition = 4 to 10: 1' and sprayed at the same positions and positions as above. As a result, fine dust ~ 0.1㎛), the dust concentration of the dust collector was reduced by about 70%, and the power consumption of the EP was reduced by about 10%.

For example, the compositions of the present invention may comprise sodium aluminate and borax. At this time, the weight ratio of sodium aluminate: borax may be 5 to 10: 1 to 10.

For example, the composition of the present invention may comprise sodium aluminate and calcium sulfate. In this case, the weight ratio of sodium aluminate: calcium sulfate may be 1 to 7: 1 to 3.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of an aluminum-containing compound (10 to 30), a boron-containing compound (10 to 30), a calcium-containing compound (1 to 10) and an intumescent alkali- (1 to 10) selected from the group consisting of a slurry type and a solid phase or a liquid phase mixed with a liquid such as water to reduce fine dust at combustion and high temperature, And can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of the fuel and the boiler combustion engine.

However, when the silicon-containing compound is used in a large amount relative to the boron-containing compound, for example, when it is used in an amount of more than 20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition excluding the solvent, a silicon-containing compound (for example, sodium silicate) For example, borax) and the viscosity change of the composition, the effect of reducing fine dust is remarkably reduced.

The aluminum compound is aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH) _3), kaolin, bauxite, aluminum silicate, aluminum phosphate, sodium aluminate (NaAlO ₂ o such as _{5 / 4H 2 O, NaAlO 2} ,), and other aluminum salts, [Al (OH) ₄ ] ^??? _{Ion, [Al (H 2 O)} 2 (OH) 4] ?? Ion, and the like, but is not limited thereto.

The boron compound may be boric acid, borax, other borate salts, and the like, but is not limited thereto.

The alkali metal-containing compound may be a sodium compound, but is not limited thereto. The alkali metal-containing compound may be a potassium compound or a lithium compound, and may be sodium hydroxide (1 to 10), sodium carbonate (1 to 10), sodium bicarbonate (1 to 10), sodium phosphate (1 to 10), sodium hydrogen phosphate (1 to 10), lithium hydroxide (1 to 10), lithium carbonate (1 to 10), lithium phosphate (1 to 10), lithium hydrogen phosphate (1 to 10), sodium oxide (1 to 10) and lithium oxide .

The composition may comprise a peroxide wherein the peroxide is selected from the group consisting of sodium perborate (2-12), hydrogen peroxide (2-12), sodium permanganate (2-12), lithium peroxide 10) and sodium peroxide (2 to 15) by weight (%), the desired effect can be exhibited.

The calcium compound may be at least one of calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, quicklime, calcium hydroxide, calcium hydrogen carbonate, calcium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate.

In addition to water, the material for making the composition into a liquid, that is, the solvent, may further include at least one selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, ethanol, methanol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, butylene glycol, glycerin, EDTA, nitric acid, The solubility and the degree of distribution can be increased.

For example, the composition comprises i) an alkali metal-containing compound and an aluminum-containing compound; ii) an alkali metal-containing compound, an aluminum-containing compound and a peroxide; iii) an alkali metal-containing compound and / or a boron-containing compound; iv) an alkali metal-containing compound, a boron-containing compound and an aluminum-containing compound; v) an aluminum-containing compound, a calcium-containing compound and a silicon-containing compound; vi) an aluminum-containing compound, an alkali-metal-containing compound and a silicon-containing compound; Or vii) an aluminum containing compound, a boron containing compound, an alkali metal containing compound, a calcium containing compound, a silicon containing compound and a peroxide. For example, it may further comprise a solvent.

Details of the aluminum-containing compound, the boron-containing compound, the alkali metal-containing compound, the calcium-containing compound, the silicon-containing compound and the peroxide are described above.

For example, when the composition comprises an alkali metal-containing compound and an aluminum-containing compound, the mixing ratio of the alkali metal-containing compound to the aluminum compound in the composition may be 1: 5 to 5: 1 by weight.

For example, when the composition comprises an alkali metal containing compound, an aluminum containing compound and a peroxide, the mixing ratio of the alkali metal containing compound, the aluminum containing compound and the peroxide in the composition is from 2 to 8: 2 to 8: 2 by weight, &Lt; / RTI &gt;

For example, when the composition comprises an alkali metal-containing compound and a boron-containing compound, the mixing ratio of the alkali metal-containing compound and the boron-containing compound in the composition may be 1 to 7: 1 to 16 by weight.

For example, when the composition comprises an alkali metal-containing compound, a boron-containing compound, and an aluminum-containing compound, the mixing ratio of the alkali metal-containing compound, the boron-containing compound, and the aluminum- To 15: 1 to 15.

For example, when the composition comprises an aluminum containing compound, a calcium containing compound and a silicon containing compound, the mixing ratio of the aluminum containing compound, the calcium containing compound, and the silicon containing compound in the composition is 1 to 3: 6 to 8 : &Lt; / RTI &gt;

For example, when the composition comprises an aluminum-containing compound, an alkali metal-containing compound, and a silicon-containing compound, the mixing ratio of the aluminum-containing compound, the alkali metal-containing compound and the silicon-containing compound in the composition is 1 to 3: To 8: 1 to 3.

For example, when the composition contains an aluminum-containing compound, a boron-containing compound, an alkali metal-containing compound, a calcium-containing compound, a silicon-containing compound and a peroxide, the aluminum-, boron-, The mixing ratio of the calcium-containing compound, the silicon-containing compound and the peroxide may be 1 to 20: 1 to 20: 1 to 5: 1 to 5: 1 to 2: 1 to 5,

The following examples illustrate the preparation and application of the compositions according to the present invention in detail. However, the embodiment of the present invention can be modified into various forms according to conditions of the fuel and the furnace temperature, and the scope of the present invention is not construed as being limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, And is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to understand the present invention.

Example

For each composition in the liquid phase, the composition of the following Tables 2 to 12 was mixed with water and heated in a batch-type mixing tank with a stirrer of about 10 tons in size (about 90 deg. C for complete dissolution, Or in a boiler that maintains an average temperature of about 1100 ° C. in a furnace while using about 200 kg per hour of fuel mixed with Chinese bituminous coal and wood chips at a weight ratio of 10: When the exit temperature of the furnace is about 600 캜 at a ratio of fuel: water = composition = 3000: 10: 1, the mixture is sprayed by a nozzle. In the case of solid phase, the mixture of powders is mixed at a predetermined ratio, : 1. The fine dust concentration was measured with an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor with a sampling system. The following results were obtained from the tests according to the composition ratios (Tables 2 to 12) and the measured values of fine dust (0.001 to 0.1 μm) (Table 13). As a result of measurement of the compositions of Tables 2 to 12, the fine dust concentration PM _2.5 was reduced to 80 to 95% and the PM ₁₀ was reduced to 50 to 80%, but not shown.

Composition 1 Element water Sodium hydroxide Sodium aluminate Composition ratio (weight ratio) 90 5 5 Mix order One 2 3

Composition 2 Element water Sodium hydroxide Sodium aluminate Hydrogen peroxide Diethanolamine Composition ratio (weight ratio) 80 5 5 5 5 Mix order One 2 3 4 5

Composition 3 Element water Sodium hydroxide borax Composition ratio (weight ratio) 90 5 5 Mix order One 2 3

Composition 4 Element water Sodium hydroxide borax Aluminum phosphate Composition ratio (weight ratio) 87 7 One 5 Mix order One 2 3 4

Composition 5 Element Sodium aluminate Calcium sulfate Silicon oxide (SiO ₂₎ Composition ratio (weight ratio) 30 60 10 Mix order One 2 3

Composition 6 Element Sodium aluminate Sodium hydroxide Silicon oxide (SiO ₂₎ Composition ratio (weight ratio) 30 60 10 Mix order One 2 3

Composition 7 Element Sodium aluminate borax Sodium hydroxide Calcium sulfate Silicon oxide Hydrogen peroxide water Composition ratio
(Weight ratio) 20 20 5 5 2 5 400 Mix order 2 3 4 5 6 7 One

Composition 8 Element Sodium aluminate borax Sodium hydroxide Calcium sulfate Silicon oxide Hydrogen peroxide Ethanolamine water Composition ratio
(Weight ratio) 20 20 5 5 2 5 10 400 mix
order 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 One

Composition 9 Element aluminum
Oxide borax Sodium hydroxide Calcium sulfate Silicon oxide Hydrogen peroxide Ethanolamine water Composition ratio
(Weight ratio) 20 20 5 5 2 5 10 400 mix
order 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 One

Composition 10 Element water Sodium hydroxide Aluminum oxide Composition ratio (weight ratio) 90 5 5 Mix order One 2 3

Composition 11 Element water Sodium hydroxide borax Sodium silicate Composition ratio (weight ratio) 30 5 5 20 Mix order One 2 3 4

Measured value (fine dust concentration) unit (mg / Nm ³ ) Improvement rate
(%) Example 1 Composition 1 Before use after use Improving 4.5 1.3 3.2 71.1 Example 2 Composition 2 Before use after use Improving % 4.5 0.6 3.9 86.7 Example 3 Composition 3 Before use after use Improving % 4.5 3.2 1.3 28.9 Example 4 Composition 4 Before use after use Improving % 4.5 3.2 1.3 28.9 Example 5 Composition 5 Before use after use Improving % 4.5 2.1 2.4 53.3 Example 6 Composition 6 Before use after use Improving % 4.5 2.0 2.5 55.6 Example 7 Composition 7 Before use after use Improving % 4.5 1.8 2.7 60.0 Example 8 Composition 8 Before use after use Improving % 4.5 1.7 2.8 62.2 Comparative Example 1 Composition 9 Before use after use Improving % 4.5 4.0 0.5 11.1 Comparative Example 2 Composition 10 Before use after use Improving % 4.5 4.1 0.4 8.9 Comparative Example 3 Composition 11 Before use after use Improving % 4.5 0.3 1.3 6.6

As shown in the above table, it can be confirmed that Examples 1 to 8 using the compositions 1 to 8 according to the present invention exert excellent fine dust reduction effect.

On the other hand, in the case of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, which are similar to the composition according to the present invention but using Compositions 9 and 10 containing aluminum oxide as the aluminum-containing compound, the effect of reducing the fine dust is significantly reduced can confirm.

Further, in the case of Comparative Example 3 in which the composition 11 containing the silicon-containing compound but containing the silicon-containing compound in an amount of 20% by weight based on the total weight of the total composition excluding the solvent, the aggregation reaction between sodium silicate and borax and the viscosity change of the composition It can be confirmed that the effect of reducing fine dust is also remarkably reduced.

Claims (13)

And at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal-containing compound, an aluminum (Al) -containing compound, a boron (B) -containing compound, a calcium (Ca)
And at least one of the alkali metal-containing compound or the aluminum-containing compound,
Wherein the silicon containing compound is included in an amount of less than 20% by weight based on the total weight of the total composition excluding the solvent. The method according to claim 1,
i) an alkali metal-containing compound and an aluminum-containing compound;
ii) an alkali metal-containing compound, an aluminum-containing compound and a peroxide;
iii) an alkali metal-containing compound and / or a boron-containing compound;
iv) an alkali metal-containing compound, a boron-containing compound and an aluminum-containing compound;
v) an aluminum-containing compound, a calcium-containing compound and a silicon-containing compound;
vi) an aluminum-containing compound, an alkali-metal-containing compound and a silicon-containing compound; or
vii) an aluminum containing compound, a boron containing compound, an alkali metal containing compound, a calcium containing compound, a silicon containing compound and a peroxide. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the silicon containing compound is included in an amount of 0 to 10 wt% based on the total weight of the total composition, excluding the solvent. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the alkali metal-containing compound is at least one metal-containing compound selected from the group consisting of lithium (Li), sodium (Na) and potassium (K). The method according to claim 1,
The alkali metal-containing compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium hydrogen carbonate, lithium phosphate, Peroxide, sodium peroxide, sodium oxide and lithium oxide. The method according to claim 1,
The aluminum-containing compound is aluminum hydroxide, kaolin, bauxite, aluminum silicate, aluminum phosphate, sodium _{aluminate, [Al (OH) 4]} ?? _{Ion, [Al (H 2 O)} 2 (OH) 4] ?? Ion. &Lt; / RTI &gt; The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the boron-containing compound is at least one selected from boric acid, borax, and borate. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the silicon-containing compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide and silicate. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the calcium-containing compound is at least one selected from calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, quicklime, slaked lime, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen carbonate, calcium hydroxide and calcium bicarbonate. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the peroxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium perborate, hydrogen peroxide, sodium permanganate, lithium peroxide and sodium peroxide. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the composition further comprises at least one solvent selected from water, sorbitol, ethanol, methanol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, butylene glycol, glycerin, EDTA, nitric acid and amine series surfactants. A fine dust reducing agent comprising the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11. A dust-collecting apparatus efficiency-improving agent comprising the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11.