KR20180090281A - Cyclone system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is particularly directed to a cyclone system for manufacturing equipment, which includes an upper region, which is off-center, preferably with a tangential feed line and a central draw line. The present invention also relates to a method of operating a cyclone. The cyclonic system has an expandable discharge cone extending at an angle greater than 0 DEG and less than 20 DEG with respect to the central axis of the cyclone.

Description

Cyclone system

The present invention relates to a cyclone system. Roughly, the present invention relates to a rotary separator.

Such a system is known from PCTIDE2015 / 000405, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. In particular, the present invention relates to cyclones as described in the patent.

Prior to treating the particles in the cyclone, it is desirable to treat the particles in a conditioner. Thus, above all, particles containing liquid are suitable and they are fiber-separated from the conditioner. Next, particles are mixed using a conditioner and fiber separation is caused by friction between the particles. The efficiency of the conditioner, especially the energy consumption required for fiber separation, depends heavily on the conditioner design.

Particles rinsed in the underflow of the conditioner can be further treated, preferably in a single-stage or multistage hydrocyclone, in order to remove particles, such as sand in particular. Such a hydrocyclone is simple in terms of its structure, has high efficiency, and requires little energy. Depending on the use of the chemical, aluminum particles may be removed from such a hydrocyclone. The fibers accumulated in the cyclone may be removed from the disk filter or concentrator, or returned to the upper path of the conditioner.

After the completion of this separation process, a multi-stage purification process may be followed, starting with a high concentration level of purified water and terminating in near fresh water.

To facilitate separation of the mixture from the conditioner and / or the cyclone, it is recommended that the fraction of the mixture be separated from the lighter or heavier liquid than water. This can be achieved, for example, by adding salt or alcohol to the water. However, hydrophobic liquids such as, for example, oils can also be used.

A material with a density greater than one is generally separated from the hydrocyclone. However, in this case, certain flow conditions can be affected. For this purpose, a liquid, such as water, may be added to the tapered collection cone or discharge cone at the bottom of the hydrocyclone to create a backwash. Preferably, the fluid is added through a nozzle or an inlet. They may be distributed around a circumference arranged at one or multiple levels. The suction flow should be measured in such a way that laminar flow promotes separation.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a cyclone system for a manufacturing apparatus comprising an upper region having a tangential feed line and a central pull-out line off-center and a method of operating the cyclone.

The cyclone for achieving the above object of the present invention is preferably designed as a cyclone with an elongated discharge cone adjacent to the central outlet. More preferably, a preferred cyclone is provided when the cyclone system is made up of a plurality of cyclones connected in series.

A preferred further embodiment is achieved by the dependent claims.

According to the invention, the mixture fraction is initially treated in a first cyclone, and thereafter in a second cyclone, wherein in order to increase the selectivity, more liquid in the second cyclone than in the first cyclone, . Thus, an increased selectivity can be achieved by adding a large amount of fluid to the backwash, while the amount of fluid added can be reduced in subsequent cyclones or subsequent cyclones.

By adjustment, it is possible that, as a preferably pasty material, the material is continuously withdrawn at least from the first cyclone in the discharge cone. In addition, the discharge valve is opened exclusively wide enough so that the discharge is continuous as the cyclone remains in the sediment of the discharge material and is manually injected. For this purpose, the sensor can detect the level of the deposit at the time of discharge and control the opening of the valve through the control device.

 The present invention not only achieves already good separation of various materials with one cyclone, but also provides a sorting possibility through the combination of these cyclones, and the feed inlet has an outer side of the inner wall which is distributed between the inner and outer walls The overpressure between the walls ensures that a uniform and evenly distributed flow enters the cyclone slightly upward directed upward to direct the particles in the cyclone upwardly, This enhances the effect that the lighter particles flow upward while the heavier particles sink downward.

Exemplary embodiments are shown in the figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus for treating a composite material with two small and one large hydrocyclone.
2 is an enlarged view of two showing that two cyclones are connected in series with one another.
Fig. 3 is a view showing the head region of the first cyclone of Fig. 2. Fig.
Fig. 4 is a view showing a narrow region of the first cyclone of Fig. 2. Fig.
Fig. 5 is a view showing the upper outlet of the first cyclone of Fig. 2;
Fig. 6 is a view showing the lower part of the cyclone shown in Fig. 2. Fig.
Fig. 7 is a view showing the second cyclone shown in Fig. 2. Fig.
Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus for treating a composite material with two small and two large hydrocyclones.
9 is a cutaway view showing a cyclone with a dual-wall discharge cone;

Fig. 1 shows the conditioner 1 coupled to an apparatus having a large hydrocyclone 2. Fig. This hydrocyclone (2) has a charging cone (3) and a head region (4). In the head region, a tangential feed inlet 5 and a central outlet 6 are provided. The input cone 3 may extend to the head region 4 so that the head region is also designed to be conical. In another embodiment, the input cone 3 may also be cylindrical.

At the lower end of the dosing cone 3, a smaller diameter 7 can be seen, which leads from the dosing cone 3 into the expansion discharging cone 8 as a contraction element. At the lower end of the discharge cone 8 is provided a re-tapered collecting cone 9 having an outlet 11 leading through the drain valve 10.

The conditioner 1 has a screw 13 in its upper region 12 and a strainer 14 below which separates the upper region 12 from the underflow 15. The screw 13 is preferably formed like a spiral, which only slides over the strainer 14 through the screen plate to eject the material radially outward. It is preferred that the screw leading to the spiral is performed without avoiding entry of air into the lower region of the conditioner to facilitate the evacuation of air from the conditioner.

The substance mixture 16 treated in the conditioner 1 is discharged by the discharge screw conveyor 17 and the substance is supplied to the dispersed feed inlet 5 of the hydrocyclone 2 via the centrifugal pump 20, To a buffer (18) capable of holding a large amount of the material mixture, in order to supply the mixture to the collector The collector 21 serves to dilute the material in the circuit with water 22 and then supply it to the centrifugal pump 20 in a liquefied state. The collector 21 can be designed as a screw conveyor to which liquid is added in order to achieve a consistency that can be conveyed via the centrifugal pump 20.

It is possible in particular to provide a large discharge coil in place of the discharge coil or discharge screw conveyor 17 and the buffer 19 which on the one hand allows the material to be taken out of the upper path of the conditioner 1, , As much material as possible is stored and then gradually liquefied and added to the centrifugal pump 20.

In the hydrocyclone 2, the material initially moves through the spiral to the constriction 7, from there into the discharge cone 8, and the material fraction is withdrawn via the scrubber 10. The other material moves through the spiral in the discharge cone 8 and then back into the dosing cone 3 and returns to the conditioner 1 via the central outlet 6.

In the lower region 8 of the cyclone 2, the feed port 23 is provided with a supply of water or other fluid to facilitate the separation of the material in the cyclone through a flow component radially aligned from the outside to the inside I will. For this purpose, the feed port may be designed as a nozzle that allows liquid to enter the cyclone along a defined flow direction.

At the intersection 24, the main flow enters the line 25 in an arc and from there into the centrifugal pump 26. Thus, the circulating centrifugal pump 26 transfers the material from the central outlet 6 of the cyclone 2 to the tangential feed inlet 5.

The bypass 27 allows withdrawing a portion of the flow in front of the centrifugal pump 20 and returning it to the centrifugal pump 20 directly or via the collector 21, although this is not required.

The circuit between the hydrocyclone 2, the conditioner 1 and the centrifugal pump 20 is able to process the mixer 16 for a longer time and thus allows other fractions to be taken from the centrifugal pump at the outlet 11 .

When all the fractions of the value are taken out, the sliding switching portion 18 is switched to discharge lightweight materials such as polyolefins, for example, polyethylene and polypropylene.

Therefore, by selecting the fluid 22 in the hydrocyclone 2, various plastics materials can be already separated. Alternatively, the plastics can be separated after the switching portion 18 in another cyclone containing a fluid that is lighter or heavier than water.

A new material 28 as a substance mixture is added to the collector 21 prior to the centrifugal pump 20 or added at other points, for example, buffer 19.

The underflow 15 of the conditioner 1 is connected to the small cyclone 30 via a pump 29 and the sand or aluminum 31 is separated and discharged for example while a coarse- -grain-purified suspension 32 is directed to a second cyclone 33 where the fine particles 34 settle and then the purified fiber material 35 is discharged via the upper path to form a filter 36 ). ≪ / RTI > Here, the fibrous material goes to the collector 21 via line 37, from which it reaches the centrifugal pump 20.

Figure 8 shows the use of two large cyclones connected in series. Thus, the smaller cyclone has a maximum diameter of less than 0.5 m and a feed inlet diameter of less than 100 mm, while a larger cyclone has a maximum diameter of more than 0.7 m and a feed inlet diameter of more than 150 mm. The arrangement corresponds to that shown in Fig. 1, passing first through the cyclone 2, and then through the cyclone 2 '.

On the basis of the example shown in Figs. 2 to 7, the principle of one of the small cyclones and the interaction of the two small cyclones are described below.

Combinations of such cyclones provide the possibility of classification, although one can already achieve good separation of various materials with one of the ones shown in Fig. Therefore, preferably, two or more cyclones are connected in series with each other. The material 40 to be treated enters the first cyclone 42 via the tangential feed inlet 41. Here, the material is separated into a coarse-particle-refining suspension 43 and coarse particles 44, which can be removed from the first cyclone 42 via the outlet 45.

In order to remove coarse particles, there is a collection container 46 at the lower end of the cyclone 42 where upper and lower portions are respectively restricted by sliders 47 and 48. The openings (49, 50) in the collection container (46) feed and drain filling water and are used for ventilation.

An opening 51 in the upper region of the slider 47 and in the lower region of the cyclone 42 is used to supply counter-flowing water to the cyclone 42 in the lower region of the cyclone.

The cyclone 42 consists of a conical or cylindrical upper portion 52 and a constricted portion 53 with the conical cyclone element extending downward.

The second cyclone 55 is downstream with respect to the first cyclone 42 and the coarse-particle-refining suspension 43 on the top path of the first cyclone 42 is connected to the tangential feed inlet 56). The second cyclone 55 is configured as the first cyclone 42 and is used to separate the coarse particles 57 from the coarse-particle-refined suspension removed from the second cyclone 55 at the outlet 58. At the top of the second cyclone 55, the fine-particle-purification suspension 59 is removed from the second cyclone 55. In addition, in the second cyclone, the countercurrent 60 supports the separation in the cyclone, and the sliders 61, 62 are located at the boundaries of the collection container 63 provided with ventilation and fill- I decide.

3 shows how the coarse particles 70, the fine particles 71 and the fibrous material 72 are supplied to the tangential feed inlet 41. As shown in Fig. The fibrous material suspensions 70, 71, 72 contaminated with coarse particles and fine particles are transported in a tangential direction into the first cyclone 42 by a pump 29. A vortex 73 oriented downward is formed in the cyclone 42, which is called a primary vortex. This primary vortex initially pulls fibrous material, coarse particles and fine particles downward. In this embodiment, the particles having a specific weight higher than the weight of the fluid include coarse particles 70 and fine particles 71. These particles are pressed by the primary vortex 73 due to the high centrifugal force and sink to the edge of the cone 52.

Due to the conical shape 52 and the contractive portion 53, the vortex 73 is forcibly inverted. The upwardly directed second vortex forms a secondary vortex 74 that moves upward with the light particles and is conveyed through the upper path into the second cyclone 55. The coarse particles 70 and the fine particles 71 sink back to the lower portion 54 of the first cyclone 42.

5 shows that the lighter, fine particles 71 to be sunk are prevented from sinking due to the backwash water 51 supplied from below and initially held in the suspension at the cone 54. The lighter fine particles 71 then enter the upwardly flowing vortex 74 and are transported into the second cyclone 55 via the upper path along with the fibrous material 72.

Heavier coarse particles 70 are not stopped by the countercurrent 51 but sink again. By this, the pure coarse particle fraction 44 creates a first cyclone 42 that can be removed in the form of dough via the collection container 46.

Therefore, due to the amount of the backflow number 51, the classification result can be determined.

Figure 7 shows the separation of the second cyclone 55 at the tangential feed inlet 56, where a coarse-particle-refined suspension of fibrous material 72 and fine particles 71 is fed. The fibrous material 72 and the fine particles 71 form a primary vortex 76 at the top 75 of the second cyclone 55 and the fine particles 71 are pressed out of the primary vortex 76 Sinks to the edge of the cone 75. The purified fibrous material 72 is discharged with the secondary vortex 77 via the upper path 78.

The fine particles 71 sink into the second cyclone 55 so that a fine particle fraction is generated in the lower region 79 of the second cyclone 55. The fine particles 71 pass through the collection container 63 to the dough fine particles Can be removed as fraction (80). The longer lower cone is at 79, so that if the centrifuge is properly designed in the upper region 75, the particles to be separated can become finer. In the second cyclone 55, generally no countercurrent is used.

The top of the cyclone can have a cylindrical region and can even be completely cylindrical to the constriction. Also, as a pipe in the upper region of the cyclone, the cylindrical region may be shorter than the conical region below the constriction.

Figure 9 shows a hydrocyclone 90 that can be used as a smaller cyclone, or even as a larger cyclone. In the upper region 91 the fluid to be treated enters the cyclone in a tangential direction and travels spirally to point 93 which may be cylindrical in shape on conical wall 92 and then adjacent discharge cone 94 . A small angle 95 of the wall 92 of 6 DEG to 7 DEG with respect to the central axis 96 provides sufficient laminar flow to the discharge cone.

This is combined by the again narrowing collection cone 97 with a double wall design. The outer wall 98 has two supply orifices 100 and 101 for water or gas and the inner wall 102 has an upper region 108 on the feed inlets 100 and 101 having a plurality of feed orifices 104 . The feed opening is a hole in the inner wall 103 that is perforated vertically in the wall and is therefore directed to the feed stream 105 at a lift angle 106 of greater than 0 and preferably less than 20 relative to the normal 107 of the central axis 96 ) Is generated. The hole of the supply port 104 has a diameter of 2 to 6 mm, preferably about 4 mm. The feed inlets 100 and 101 lead to a flow which strikes the outside of the inner wall 103, which is distributed and placed opposite the inner wall 103 and the outer wall 98. [ By this, the overpressure between the walls ensures, via the supply port 104, that a uniformly distributed flow enters the cyclone slightly upward directed upward to direct the particles in the cyclone upward. This enhances the effect that the lighter particles flow upward while the heavier particles sink downward.

Claims (15)

A head region (4) having a dispersed, preferably tangential feed inlet (5) and a central outlet (6); In a cyclone system, particularly for a conditioner (1), having a discharge cone (8) with a central axis (96)
Characterized in that the discharge cone (8) extends at an angle (95) that is greater than 0 DEG and less than 20 DEG with respect to the central axis (96). 2. Cyclone system according to claim 1, characterized in that the head region (4) is cylindrical to the extended discharge cone (8). 3. Cyclone system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the discharge cone (8) is again adjacent to a tapered collection cone (9). A cyclone system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the discharge cone (8) or the collecting cone (9) are adjacent to a locking discharge (11). A cyclone system according to claim 4, characterized in that said outlet (11) has a sluice (10). 6. Cyclone system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that said outlet (11) has a valve enabling controlled continuous discharge. 7. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, having a feed opening (104) for the feed inlet of a fluid or gas, said feed opening having an angle < RTI ID = 0.0 > Is arranged in the wall (103) to create a feed flow (105) with a lift angle (106) of less than 20 degrees. 8. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the wall (103) is double-walled and has at least one inlet-feed opening (100,101) and an inner wall (103) And a plurality of supply openings (104) in said first and second openings. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the at least one feed inlet (100,101) and preferably each feed inlet is configured such that the inner wall (103) forms the impingement surface for the medium fed through the feed inlets (100,101) , And the inner wall (103) is arranged in an area (108) which has no supply port (104). 10. A process according to any of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in order to increase the degree of purity, a number of cyclones (2, 2 ') having a maximum diameter of more than 0.7 m and a tangential feed inlet 5) are connected in series. 11. Cyclone system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tangential feed inlet (5) is arranged in such a way that the flow in the cyclone is supported by a Coriolis force. In the method of operating the cyclone, the flow in the elongated discharge cone 8 is such that during operation the discharge cone 8 is completely filled with fluid, a downwardly directed rotational current is present in the outer region, Is set in such a manner that a rotating current oriented in the central region exists in the central region. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the head region (4) is also completely filled with fluid during operation, with a downwardly directed rotational current in the outer region and an upwardly directed rotational current in the central region Way. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the mixture fraction is initially treated in a first cyclone (2) and then in a second cyclone (2 '), and in order to increase the selectivity, Characterized in that more liquid is added to the counterflow than in the second cyclone. A method according to claim 14, characterized in that, as kneading material, material is continuously withdrawn from said at least one cyclone at said outlet (11).

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