EP3370882A1

EP3370882A1 - Cyclone system

Info

Publication number: EP3370882A1
Application number: EP16810230.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Hans-Joachim Boltersdorf
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-11-06
Filing date: 2016-11-07
Publication date: 2018-09-12
Anticipated expiration: 2036-11-07
Also published as: CA3004375A1; EP3370882B1; RU2018120722A; DE112016005089A5; AU2016351053A1; JP2018533479A; WO2017076384A1; HK1253278A1; DE102016007548A1; KR20180090281A; US20190060918A1; RU2018120722A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a cyclone system, in particular for a preparation device, comprising a top region that includes an off-center, preferably tangential, feed line and a central withdrawal line. The invention also relates to a method for operating a cyclone. The cyclone system has a flared outlet cone that flares at an angle of more than 0° and less than 20° relative to a central axis of the cyclone.

Description

cyclone system

[01] The invention relates to a cyclone system. Generally, the invention relates to a rotary separator.

[02] Such systems are known from PCT / DE2015 / 000405, to which reference is made in full. In particular, the invention relates to a cyclone as described there.

[03] Before treating the particles in the cyclone, it is advantageous to treat them in a conditioner. In this case, in particular, particles that are mixed with liquid are relevant, which are defibered in the conditioner. The conditioner then serves the intensive mixing and the friction of the particles together causes a defibration. The effectiveness of the conditioner, and in particular the energy intake required for defibration, is highly dependent on the design of the conditioner.

The washed out in the lower reaches of a conditioner particles can be further treated in a preferably single-stage or multi-stage hydrocyclone, in particular to excrete sandy particles. Such a hydrocyclone is simple in construction, leads to a good efficiency and requires little energy. Depending on the use of the chemicals, aluminum particles can also be discharged in such a hydrocyclone. Fibers produced in the cyclone can either be separated in a disc filter or thickener or returned to the conditioner in the area of the upper reaches.

[05] After completion of such a separation process can follow a multi-stage wash, which begins with a high-heightened wash and ends with quasi fresh water. [06] In order to be able to more easily separate the batch in the conditioner and / or in the cyclone, it is proposed that the separation of the fractions from the batch be carried out in a liquid that is lighter or heavier than water. This can be achieved, for example, by adding salt or alcohol to the water. But it can also be used hydrophobic liquids such as oils.

[07] In the hydrocyclone, materials with a density greater than 1 are usually deposited. But this can be influenced by special flow conditions. For this purpose, at the lower end of the hydrocyclone in a tapered collecting cone or a discharge cone, a liquid such as water in particular be supplied to achieve a counterflow. Preferably, the liquid is supplied via nozzles or inflow openings. These can be distributed around the circumference in one or more levels. The inflow should be such that a laminar flow favors the separation.

[08] It is particularly advantageous if one creates a cyclone system of several cyclones connected in series. In this case, the cyclones are preferably designed as cyclones, in which an expanding output cone adjoins the central outlet. Advantageous developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

In the process, a batch fraction is treated first in a first cyclone and then in a second cyclone, wherein in the first cyclone more liquid is supplied in countercurrent to increase the selectivity than in the second cyclone. In this case, a high selectivity can be achieved by much in countercurrent liquid, while in the subsequent cyclone or in the subsequent cyclones, the amount of liquid supplied can be reduced.

A control makes it possible that at least the first cyclone at the discharge cone continuously material, preferably as a pasty material, is removed. For this purpose, a discharge valve is only opened so far that a sediment on discharge material remains in the cyclone and the discharge according to the entry continuously is carried out. For this purpose, sensors can determine the height of the sediment in the discharge to control the opening of the valve via a control device.

[1 1] An embodiment is shown in the drawing. It shows

FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for treating composites with two small and one large hydrocyclone,

FIG. 2 enlarges two cyclones connected in series,

3 shows the Kopibereich the first cyclone of Figure 2,

FIG. 4 shows the narrowing region of the first cyclone from FIG. 2,

FIG. 5 shows the upper outlet of the first cyclone from FIG. 2,

FIG. 6 shows the lower region of the cyclone shown in FIG. 2,

FIG. 7 shows the second cyclone shown in FIG. 2,

Figure 8 schematically shows an apparatus for treating composites with two small and two large hydrocyclone and

9 shows a cyclone with a double-walled output cone in a cutaway view.

FIG. 1 shows the incorporation of a conditioner 1 into a device with a large hydrocyclone 2. This hydrocyclone 2 has an inlet cone 3 and a head region 4. In the head region, a tangential inlet 5 and a central outlet 6 are provided. The input cone 3 can extend to the head region 4, so that the head region is conical. In an alternative embodiment, the input cone 3 may be cylindrical. At the lower end of the input cone 3 is a smaller diameter 7, which passes as a constriction of the input cone 3 in a flared output cone 8. At the lower end of the outlet cone 8, a tapered collecting cone 9 is provided, which has a closed by a lock 10 discharge opening 11.

The conditioner 1 has in its upper portion 12 a screw 13 and below a sieve 14 which separates the upper portion 12 of an underflow 15. The screw 13 is preferably formed as a spiral, which touches only above the screen 14 on the screen plate and drives the material radially outward. A screw leading to the spiral is preferably dispensed with in order to prevent the entry of air into the lower area of the conditioner and to facilitate the discharge of air in the conditioner.

[15] The substance mixture 16 treated in the conditioner 1 is discharged with a discharge screw 17 and conveyed to a buffer 18, which can receive a larger amount of the substance mixture in order to supply it to a collector 19 as required, from where the material passes over one Centrifugal pump 20 to the decentralized inlet 5 of the hydrocyclone 2 is promoted. The collector 21 serves to dilute the circulated material with water 22 and then liquefied to the centrifugal pump 20 admit. The collector 21 may therefore be designed as a screw conveyor, the liquid is added to achieve a conveyable via the centrifugal pump 20 consistency.

[16] Instead of Austragswendel or discharge screw 17 and buffer 19, a particularly large Austragswendel be provided, which on the one hand allows to withdraw material from the upper reaches of the conditioner 1 and on the other hand to store as much material, which is then gradually liquefied and the centrifugal pump 20 is added.

In the hydrocyclone 2, the material initially moves in a spiral shape to the constriction 7 and from there into the exit cone 8, where a material fraction on the Lock 10 is removed. The remaining material migrates spirally in the output cone 8 back up into the input cone 3 and via the central drain 6 back to the conditioner. 1

[18] Feed ports 23 in the lower portion 8 of the cyclone 2 allow water or other liquid to be supplied to facilitate separation of the material in the cyclone by a radially inward flow component. For this purpose, the feed openings may be formed as nozzles which allow a liquid to enter the cyclone in a defined flow direction.

[19] At the switch 24, the main flow passes in an arc into the line 25 and from there to the circulating pump 26. This circulation pump 26 thus conveys from the central outlet 6 of the cyclone 2 to the tangential inlet 5 of the cyclone 2.

A bypass 27, which is not absolutely necessary, makes it possible to withdraw a partial flow upstream of the circulation pump 20 and to supply it via the collector 21 or directly to the centrifugal pump 20.

[21] The cycle between hydrocyclone 2, conditioner 1 and centrifugal pump 20 makes it possible to treat the mixture 16 over a longer period of time while removing different fractions from the circulation at the discharge opening 11.

[22] When all of the valuable fractions have been removed, the shift gate 18 is changed over and the light material, in particular polyolefins, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, is discharged.

[23] Different plastic materials can already be separated by the choice of the liquid 22 in the hydrocyclone 2. Alternatively, even after the switch 18 in another cyclone containing a liquid that is lighter or heavier than water, the plastics can be separated. [24] New material 28 is added as a mixture either before the centrifugal pump 20 to the collector 21 or fed at a different location such as the buffer 19.

The underflow 15 of the conditioner 1 is fed via a pump 29 to a small cyclone 30, where sand or, for example, aluminum 31 is separated and discharged, while a cleaned of coarse grain suspension 32 is fed to a second small cyclone 33, in the fine grain 34 drops and discharged, while purified pulp 35 is discharged through the upper reaches and a filter 36 is supplied. Here, the fibers are separated, while the liquid passes via the line 37 to the collector 21 and from there to the centrifugal pump 20.

[26] Figure 8 shows the use of two large cyclones connected in series. Here, a small cyclone has a maximum diameter of less than 0.5 m and a feed diameter of less than 100 mm, while a large cyclone has a maximum diameter of more than 0.7 m and a diameter at the inlet of more than 150 mm. The arrangement corresponds to that described in Figure 1 and it will deviate first cyclone 2 and then a cyclone 2 'go through.

[27] The principle of action of one of the small cyclones and the interaction of the two small cyclones will now be described in the example shown in FIGS. 2 to 7.

[28] Whereas a good separation of different materials can be achieved with just one of the cyclones shown in Figure 2, the combination of such cyclones offers the possibility of fractionation. In this case, preferably two or more cyclones are connected in series. The material to be treated 40 passes through the tangential inlet 41 into the first cyclone 42. Therein separates the material by the flow in a cleaned of coarse grain suspension 43 and coarse grain 44, which can be removed through the trigger 45 from the first cyclone 42. In order to remove the coarse grain is at the lower end of the cyclone 42, a collecting container 46 which is bounded above and below by a slider 47 and 48, respectively. The openings 49 and 50 in the catcher on 46 serve the supply and discharge of filling water and the vent.

An opening 51 above the slide 47 and in the lower part of the cyclone 42 serves to supply counterflow water to the cyclone 42 in the lower region.

The cyclone 42 consists of an upper part 52 which is conical or cylindrical and a constriction 53, under which a conical cyclone element widens downwards.

The second cyclone 55 is connected downstream of the first cyclone 42 and the coarse-grain purified suspension 43 at the upper reaches of the first cyclone 42 is fed to the tangential inlet 56 of the second cyclone 55. This second cyclone 55 is constructed like the first cyclone 42 and serves to separate the coarse-grain-cleaned suspension of fine grain 57 which is taken off at the take-off 58 from the second cyclone 55. At the headwaters of the second cyclone 55, suspension 59 purified from coarse grain and fine grain is taken from the second cyclone 55. Also on the second cyclone counterflow water 60 supports the separation in the cyclone and slide 61 and 62 define a collecting container 63, are provided at the openings 64 and 65 for the vent and filling water.

[33] FIG. 3 shows how coarse grain 70, fine grain 71 and pulp 72 are fed to tangential feed 41. This contaminated with coarse grain and fine grain pulp suspension 70, 71, 72 is conveyed tangentially into the first cyclone 42 by means of a pump 29. In the cyclone 42, a downwardly directed vortex 73 is formed, which is called a primary vortex. This primary vortex first pulls down pulp, coarse grain and fine grain. The particles with a higher specific gravity than that of the liquid in the present case are coarse grain 70 and fine grain 71. The particles are pushed out of the primary vortex 73 by the high centrifugal force and sink downwards at the edge of the cone 52.

By the conical shape 52 and the constriction 53 of the vortex 73 is forced to reverse. A second upwardly directed vortex, the secondary vortex 74, which travels upward with light parts and is transported via the upper course into the second cyclone 55, is formed. Coarse grain 70 and fine grain 71 continue to sink in the lower part 54 of the first cyclone 42.

[35] FIG. 5 shows that the decrease of the lighter fine grain 71 by countercurrent water 51, which is supplied from below, is prevented from sinking and is initially held in suspension in cone 54. The lighter fine grain 71 then enters the upward vortex 74 and is transported together with the pulp 72 via the upper run in the second cyclone 55.

[36] The heavier coarse grain 70 is not stopped by the counterflow water 51 and continues to fall. This results in the first cyclone 42, a pure coarse grain fraction 44, which can be withdrawn via the collecting container 46 in pasty form.

[37] The result of the fractionation can thus be determined by the amount of countercurrent water 51.

FIG. 7 shows the separation in the second cyclone 55, at the tangential inlet 56 of which coarse grain-cleaned pulp suspension of pulp 72 and fine grain 71 is supplied. Hydrogen 72 and fine grain 71 form a primary vortex 76 in the upper part 75 of the second cyclone 55 and fine grain 71 is forced outwards out of the primary vortex 76 and sinks downwards at the edge of the cone 75. The cleaned pulp 72 is discharged with the secondary vortex 77 via the upper run 78.

The fine grain 71 decreases in the second cyclone 55, so that in the lower portion 79 of the second cyclone 55, a fine grain fraction is formed, which via the collecting container 63 can be deducted as pasty fine grain fraction 80. The longer the lower cone 79 is, the finer the grain can be deposited, if the centrifugal part in the upper region 75 is designed accordingly. In the second cyclone 55 no countercurrent water is used in the rule.

[40] The upper part of the cyclone may have a cylindrical area or even be completely cylindrical to the point of constriction. In addition, this cylindrical portion could be shorter than tube in the upper region of the cyclone than the conical portion below the constriction.

[41] FIG. 9 shows a hydrocyclone 90 which can be used as neither and in particular as a large cyclone. In the upper region 91, the liquid to be treated passes tangentially into the cyclone and spirals on the conical wall 92, which may also be cylindrical, to a point 93, after which an exit cone 94 connects. The small angle 95 of the wall 92 from 6 to 7 ° relative to the central axis 96 ensures a sufficiently laminar flow in the outlet cone.

[42] This is followed by a narrowing collecting cone 97, which has a double-walled construction. The outer wall 98 has two feeds 100, 101 for water or gas and the inner wall 102 has an upper portion 108 above the inlets 100 and 101 with a plurality of feed openings 104. Since the feed openings are bores in the inner wall 103 which are perpendicular are drilled into the wall, there is a Zuführströmung 105 in a buoyancy angle 106 of more than 0 ° and preferably less than 20 ° relative to a normal 107 of the central axis 96. The holes of the feed openings 104 have a diameter of 2 to 6 mm and preferably of about 4 mm. The inlets 100 and 101 lead to a flow which impinges against the opposite outer side of the inner wall 103 and distributed between inner wall 103 and outer wall 98. This creates an overpressure between the walls, which ensures that through the plurality of feed apertures 104 pass a uniform and evenly distributed flow into the cyclone, which faces up slightly to impart an upward momentum to the particles in the cyclone. This exacerbates the effect of the light particles flowing up while the heavier particles fall down.

Claims

claims:

1. cyclone system, in particular for a conditioner (1), with a head portion (4) having a decentralized, preferably tangential, inlet (5) and a central outlet (6), and a flared outlet cone (8), with a central axis (96), characterized in that the output cone (8) widens at an angle (95) of more than 0 ° and less than 20 ° with respect to the central axis (96).

2. cyclone system according to claim 1, characterized in that the head portion (4) to the flared output cone (8) is cylindrical.

3. Cyclone system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that adjoins the output cone (8) is a rejuvenating collecting cone (9).

4. Cyclone system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that adjoining the output cone (8) or the collecting cone (9) a closable discharge opening (11).

5. cyclone system according to claim 4, characterized in that the discharge opening (1 1) has a lock (10).

6. cyclone system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the discharge opening (1 1) comprises a valve which allows a continuous regulated discharge.

7. Cyclone system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises feed openings (104) for a feed of a liquid or a gas, which are arranged in a wall (103) such that a feed flow (105) in a buoyancy angle ( 106) of more than 0 ° and preferably less than 20 ° with respect to a normal (107) of the central axis (96) is formed.

8. Cyclone system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall (103) is partially double-walled and on the outer wall (98) at least one inlet opening (100, 101) and on the inner wall (103) has a plurality of supply openings (104).

9. cyclone system according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one inlet opening (100, 101) and preferably each inlet opening in a region (108) are arranged, in which the inner wall (103) has no feed opening (104), so that the inner Wall (103) forms a baffle for the fed through the inlet opening (100, 101) medium.

10. Cyclone system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several such cyclones (2, 2 ') connected in series with a maximum diameter of more than 0.7 m and a tangential inlet (5) with a diameter of more than 150 mm are to increase the degree of purification.

1 1. A cyclone system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tangential inlet (5) is arranged such that the flow is supported in the cyclone by the Coriolis force.

12. A method for operating a cyclone, characterized in that in the expanding output cone (8) the flow is adjusted such that the output cone (8) is completely filled during operation with liquid and in the outer region is a rotationally downward flow and in the central area an upward flow.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the head region (4) is completely filled with liquid during operation and in the outer rich is a rotationally directed downward flow and in the central region an upward flow.

A method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that a batch fraction is first treated in a first cyclone (2) and then in a second cyclone (2 '), wherein in the first cyclone more liquid is supplied in countercurrent to increase the selectivity than in second cyclone.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that at least the first cyclone at the discharge opening (1 1) continuously material, preferably as pasty material, is removed.