KR20180029189A - sinking-measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a measuring method of an earthquake and ground subsidence caused by ground works. More particularly, the present invention relates to a measuring method of settlement amount using a ground subsidence measuring machine, wherein the ground subsidence measuring machine places a measurement point on the surface and conduct periodic surveying. Thus, the ground subsidence measuring machine is installed for a purpose of preventing risk factors which may be influenced by the ground subsidence by grasping the settlement amount of the ground due to tunnel excavation or embankment.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method of measuring an earthquake and a ground settlement,

The present invention relates to a method for early detection and measurement of ground subsidence caused by an earthquake, ground work, etc. using an indicator subsidence system. In general, the ground penetration system is installed for the purpose of grasping the stability of the surrounding structures due to ground settlement by measuring the ground displacement due to tunnel excavation and embankment with regular measurement by installing a survey point on the surface.

Soft ground refers to a ground in which the upper structure can not be supported, for example, soft clay, loose sand, and organic soil.

When an airport, a port, a road, a bridge, a building, etc. are built on a ground composed of a weak clayey soil or an organic soil soil, the settlement amount of the ground is excessively increased.

Generally, in case of soft ground, sudden ground settlement may occur due to vibration such as earthquake, explosion, flood, rainy season, and so on. Therefore, in order to construct the grounds such as highways, airports, ports, industrial complexes and new towns, it is necessary to fill up the soil on the soft ground and to work on the civil engineering works.

However, even if the embankment is constructed, heavy equipment such as heavy equipment may continue to move over the embankment, or soft ground may sink gradually due to excessive earthquakes and floods.

Therefore, it is necessary to always measure the subsidence of the soft ground progressively by measurement to prevent a major accident in advance.

Various types of apparatuses for measuring the ground subsidence of the above-mentioned ground have been developed and used.

In the case of surface indwelling system, which is frequently used, it is necessary to set up a point on the surface of the earth to measure the amount of ground displacement due to tunnel excavation and embankment by periodic surveying and to establish stability of the surrounding structure due to surface settlement. . Since such a ground sinking system has a single pipe, there is a problem that when a rigid continuum such as asphalt is installed on a rigid continuum, a cavity is formed due to a difference in rigidity, an accurate settlement amount can not be measured, And so on. In addition, it is difficult to foresee the collapse of tunnels and excavated parts, thus posing a risk of large safety accidents.

In order to solve the aforementioned risk factors, a method of measuring the settlement amount using the dual pipe surface sinking system is provided in Patent No. 1235746 (Feb. In the example of Figs. 1 and 2, the method of measuring the settlement amount using the dual pipe surface sedimentation system,

The dual tube surface sinking system is largely composed of a plug 10, an inner tube 20 and an outer tube 30. The plug 10 includes a groove 15 on its upper surface and the inner tube 20 has an outer diameter And the outer tube 30 has a shape that can be included in the inner tube 20 because the inner tube is hollow so as to have an inner diameter and a screw shape which is formed to be engaged with the wedge shape of the inner tube 20.

Here, the plug 10, the inner tube 20, and the outer tube 30 are engaged with each other in the form of a screw, and can be separated by a driver through the middle groove 15 when separated. 6, the cap 10, the inner tube 20 and the outer tube 30 can be separated by a driver so that a gap is formed between the inner tube 20 and the outer tube 30 through the groove 15 have.

In addition, a lateral needle can be placed on the head of the inner pipe (20), and the absolute settlement amount of the measurement position can be grasped by a surveying technique. In the example of the drawing, A portion is a side needle, B is a leveling portion, and C is a reference point free from settlement influence.

In addition, the relative displacement between the inner tube 20 and the outer tube 30 is used to calculate the cavity size as shown in the following equation.

(S1 : 내관 두부의 처음 위치(A부분), S2 : 내관 두부의 침하 위치(B부분))

(S1: initial position of inner tube head (part A), S2: settling position of inner tube head part (B part))

The method of measuring the settlement using the dual pipe surface sinking system is as follows. First, the outer surface is inserted and fixed to the pavement after perforating the ground before tunnel excavation. After removing the plug, separate the inner tube from the outer surface. Subsequently, the inner pipe behaves according to the subsidence of the ground, and the absolute settlement of the measurement position is determined by the measurement technique, and the cavity size is determined by the relative displacement between the inner pipe and the outer appearance. That is, when the deformation of the ground occurs after tunnel excavation, the inner pipe according to the present invention agrees with the behavior of the ground, so that the settlement of the ground can be accurately measured.

Herein, in the step of measuring the absolute settlement amount of the measurement position by the measurement technique, the inner pipe behaves according to the settlement of the ground, the step of measuring the absolute settlement amount of the measurement position by a surveying method is established.

According to this method, it is described that there is an action effect that the settlement of the head of the inner pipe exactly coincides with the actual settlement because it is caused by the settlement of the ground without being affected by the rigidity of the road pavement.

However, the method of measuring the settlement amount using the double pipe surface sedimentation system eliminates some problems of the conventional surface sedimentation systems,

The relative displacement between the inner tube and the outer tube measures the cavity size. The depth of the ground where the lower end of the inner tube touches can be measured, but it can not accurately reflect the total volume of the generated cavity.

In addition, since the contact surface between the outer and inner pipes is wide, the inner pipe is likely to be fixed to the inner diameter of the outer pipe due to the infiltration of foreign matter or freezing in winter, so that the inner pipe can not be effectively lowered Therefore, it is difficult to measure the subsidence of the ground easily.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention seeks to provide a measurement method or means capable of resolving the above-described problems and measuring an accurate settlement amount.

In order to solve the above-described problems, the method of measuring settlement amount using the landing pad system according to the present invention includes:

Punching the papers vertically to the ground;

Burying an outer tube having a pipe shape having an upper and a lower length in a side wall thereof and having a display portion for indicating a height of the filling member;

Filling the outer tube with a filling member up to a height of the display unit;

Inserting an inner tube at the top of the outer tube;

And when a cavity is generated by the settling of the ground,

Filling the cavity with the filling member;

Lowering the inner tube according to the volume of the cavity;

Measuring a change in height of the inner tube;

And the ground settlement amount is obtained through.

According to the settlement amount measuring method using the landing pad system of the present invention,

It is possible to measure the actual volume of the cavity due to the settlement of the ground due to the occurrence of an earthquake, so that the size and settlement amount of the entire cavity can be immediately known,

In the inner pipe, since the length of the inner pipe is shorter than that of the conventional double pipe pipe lowering system, it is possible to reduce the contact surface with the inner diameter of the inner pipe and the inner diameter of the outer pipe, ,

Further, since the volume of the filling member filled in the narrow area of the outer tube corresponds to the volume of the large area of the cavity, the falling and the behavior of the inner tube are large, so that the change in the soil settlement can be reflected more sensitively and reliably.

Therefore, it is expected that the rapid discovery of ground subsidence and rapid measures for it can be expected.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is an exemplary view showing the implementation of an earth subsidence tube according to the prior art. Fig.
Fig. 2 is an exemplary view showing the dual pipe surface sinking and leveling according to the prior art. Fig.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig.
FIG. 3A is a perspective view and side sectional view of an external appearance; FIG. 3B is a perspective view and side sectional view of the inner tube;
FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view showing a state in which an external appearance is embedded in a skin patch; FIG.
Figure 5A is a side cross-sectional view illustrating an example of filling a filler member; FIG. 5B is a side view showing a state in which the filling member is filled;
Figures 6A and 6B illustrate another embodiment of filling a filler member in side view;
FIG. 7A is an exemplary view showing a process of inserting an inner tube with a side cross section; FIG. 7B is a side view showing a state in which the inner tube is inserted into the outer tube;
FIG. 8A is a state diagram showing the ground subsidence state of the surface as a side sectional view; FIG. B is a state in which the cavity is formed by the subsidence;
9A is an exemplary view showing a state in which a filling member is lowered to fill a cavity as a side sectional view; 9B is a view showing a mathematical formula for determining the volume of the cavity and a state in which the inner tube is lowered as a side sectional view;
Hereinafter, an example is shown with respect to the horizontal placement side needle 400,
Fig. 10 is an exemplary view showing the configuration of the horizontally disposed side needle; Fig.
Fig. 11 is a state diagram illustrating that the horizontally disposed side needle is disposed and horizontally arranged; Fig.
Fig. 12 is a view showing the operation of the horizontally disposed side needle. Fig.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG.

FIG. 3A is a side view of the outer surface 100 of the ground sinking system and the inner surface 110 of the outer surface of the present invention. FIG. 3B is a side view of the upper surface a1 of the outer surface, And a side cross section thereof.

The outer tube 100 takes the form of a pipe having a length up and down and forms a display unit 120 on its side wall to guide the height of the filling member 300 to fill the inside 110 . The shape of the display unit 120 may be formed by forming a hole in the sidewall of the outer tube 100 by perforating the sidewall of the outer tube 100 or cutting the sidewall by a predetermined length in the horizontal direction . The purpose of such hole and incision is to naturally discharge the filling member 300 outwardly as necessary to align the height of the filling member 300 with the display portion 120. [

The inner pipe 200 can be fixed to the side pipe by a method such as forming a side groove on the upper side b1 of the inner pipe and inserting a side needle into the groove. The lower end b2 of the inner tube pressurizes the filling member 300 to be brought into contact with the lower end thereof at a constant pressure of its own weight or takes the form of a surface that can be supported by the filling member 300. [

Preferably, the outer diameter of the inner tube 200 is formed to correspond to the inner diameter of the outer tube 100, and the vertical length thereof is minimized by making it as short as possible to receive interference from foreign matter or the like. It is preferable to adopt a member having a large weight such as a metal such as lead so that an effective pressure can be applied downward and a falling can be effectively performed when a cavity (ca) is generated.

At the time of construction, a vertical hole corresponding to the outer diameter of the outer pipe 100 is drilled in the pavement pavement pa, as shown in Fig. 4, and the outer pipe 100 is fixed to the pavement pa. At this time, the lower end (a2) of the outer tube as possible is brought into close contact with the ground (gr).

Next, as shown in FIG. 5A, the filling member 300 filling the inside 110 of the outer tube is poured from the top a1 of the outer tube to fill the height di of the display portion 120.

The filling member 300 adopts a member capable of permeating and filling the void space as granular such as sand or beads. In the case of small particles like sand, it has the advantage of easy digging or penetration in a narrow space of the ca (ca), and when the particles are large like beads, it is easy to manage and has a large weight and a spherical shape Even if a resistance element is generated in the resistor, it is easy to overcome the resistance and to facilitate the behavior.

If it is difficult to accurately align the filling member 300 with the display unit 120, it is preferable that the inside 110 of the external appearance 100 is heated before the external appearance 100 is embedded in the sheet of paper pa, And the excess remaining over the display unit 120 can be smoothly passed through the hole of the display unit 120 and discharged 300 '. And, as an example of Fig. 6B. After the filling member 300 is transferred to the storage container 40, the outer tube 100 is inserted into the perforated hole of the sheet pa as shown in FIG. 5, when the filling member 300 of the storage container 40 is poured again into the inside 110 of the outer pipe 100, the filling of the filling amount accurately aligned with the display unit 120 is performed, The member 300 can be filled.

When the filling member 300 is correctly filled after performing the operation as described above, the outer diameter of the inner tube 200 is fitted to the inner diameter of the upper end a1 of the outer tube, as shown in Figs. 7A and 7B .

The examples of Figs. 8 to 9 are provided to illustrate the operation in the field of the present invention.

First, when the ground (gr) sinks from an initial state as shown in FIG. 8A to form a cavity ca as shown in FIG. 8B, the filling member 300 moves downward along the direction of gravity (f1) to start filling the cavity. At this time, since the lower end of the inner tube 200 is held by the filling member 300, the inner tube 200 follows the descent of the filling member 300 in the inner tube 200 Together with the downward movement (f2).

Eventually, as in the example of FIG. 9B, the filler member 300 fills the cavity ca and the inner diameter of the inner tube 200 is increased by the volume of the filler member 300 that has exited to fill the cavity ca. ) Is lowered and stops at a certain position.

Since the cavity ca is formed in an area much larger than the sectional area of the lower end of the inner tube 200, the degree of descent of the inner tube 200 is smaller than the actual depth of the cavity ca in order to fill a wider area. Become deep. In other words, the positional change of the inner pipe 200 is more sensitive to the occurrence of some cavities (ca), so that it can quickly and largely reflect the settlement of the ground (gr). Here, the volume of the generated cavity ca is expressed by the equation shown in the upper part of Fig. 9B.

Vca =? * (D / 2) 2 *? H

(Vca = cavity volume;? = Circumferential ratio; d = apparent diameter;? H =

That is, the volume of the cylinder, in which the inner tube 200 is swept down, becomes the volume of the cavity ca.

The change in the inner pipe height may be determined by directly checking the position of the outer pipe 100, or by fixing the side pipe to the inner pipe 200 as shown in Fig. 2, and performing a normal level measurement There is a number.

Figs. 10-12 relate to a more progressive and efficient embodiment of a method of leveling through the side needle provided in the inner tube 200. Fig.

The side needle of the present invention is less influenced by an external external force such as an influence of wind, an impact of an object, or the like in comparison with a state in which the side needle is vertically arranged by being disposed horizontally as shown in Figs. 10 and 11 And is normally horizontally disposed on the floor so as to be safely held.

10, in the detailed configuration of the horizontal positioning needle 400, a weight 410 is provided as a mass of a metal or the like that takes a spherical shape; A lever 420 extending horizontally from the weight 410; And a landmark 430 that is provided in the form of a nonwoven fabric or a soft member such as a flag to quickly inform the end of the lever 420 and folded when it touches the ground. In addition, the weight acts to supplement the downward movement of the inner tube by pressing the inner tube 200.

11, the upper end b1 of the inner pipe 200 is provided with a side uproof 210 formed by grooving in a downward direction, and the weight 410 is attached to the side uproof 210, To stabilize it. Accordingly, the lever 420 is laid down from the weight 410 to the side (side) so as to be in contact with the ground surface. The side of the lever 420 closer to the weight 410 is disposed so as to be straddled by the outer inlet opening 130 on the upper entrance edge side of the outer tube 100. That is, the lever shaft 421 having the hooking on the outer appearance inlet 130 is used as the rotation axis of the lever 420. Since the lever shaft 421 is located near the weight 410, the body of the lever 420 may have a very short length on the side of the weight shaft 410 with respect to the lever shaft 421, And a long axis z2 having a very long length of the lever body on the opposite side.

12, since the lever shaft 421 is positioned near the weight 410, the lever body on the opposite side of the weight 410 also has a very large upward motion . That is, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12, the small descent of the short axis z1 causes the lever shaft 421 to rotate around the axis z2, thereby causing a large rise z3 of the long axis z2. Therefore, even when the slight movement of the cavity (ca) and the movement of the inner tube 200 and the weight 410 due to the generation of the cavity (ca) occur, the upward movement of the end on the long axis (z3) Thus, it is possible to quickly and easily observe the change, and the degree of descent of the inner tube 200 and the size of the cavity ca can be calculated very accurately by measuring the upward (z3) angle.

In other words,

A lever 420 having a lever shaft 421 serving as a rotation shaft in the up-and-down direction near the one end thereof; A mass weight 410 provided at one end of the lever 420; And a mark 430 that is provided at the other end of the lever 420 and is foldable. The weighted weight 410 is disposed on the side fixed portion 210 of the inner tube 200, ,

The weighted weight 410 is retained in the side landing part 210 and the horizontal positioning side needle 400 is tilted in a horizontal posture so that the lever shaft 421 is in contact with the outer appearance entrance 130 of the outer appearance 100 So that the lever 420 is placed horizontally in contact with the ground,

When the ground settlement occurs, the weight 410 descends along with the movement of the inner pipe 200,

The other end of the lever 420 is raised with respect to the lever shaft 421 with respect to the descent of the weight 410 so that the landmark 430 folded in contact with the ground rises and rises, Amplifying and providing the information,

12, the information on the ground settlement can be promptly and easily obtained even with slight movement of the ca and the movement of the inner pipe 200, as shown in Fig. 12, through the horizontally arranged side needle 400 descending with the inner pipe, Can be found.

Appearance 100; Internal 110; A display unit 120; Top (a1) of the exterior; The lower end a2 of the appearance;
An inner pipe 200; Side submerging unit 210; The upper end b1 of the inner tube; The lower end b2 of the inner tube;
A filling member (300); A horizontal placement side needle 400; A storage container 40; Cavity (ca)

Claims (1)

Punching the papers vertically to the ground;
Burying an outer tube having a pipe shape having an upper and a lower length in a side wall thereof and having a display portion for indicating a height of the filling member;
Filling the granular filling member up to the height of the display unit inside the outer tube;
Inserting an inner tube at the top of the outer tube;
Respectively,
When a cavity occurs due to subsidence of the ground,
Filling the cavity by lowering the filling member;
Lowering the inner tube according to the volume of the cavity;
Measuring a change in height of the inner tube;
Calculating a ground settlement amount (cavity volume) by the following expression: Vca =? * (D / 2) 2 *? H (Vca = cavity volume;? = Circumference; d = apparent diameter;? H =
The ground settlement is obtained through
And information of the ground settlement is obtained through the side needle descending with the inner pipe.

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