KR102447572B1 - Earthquake measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a seismic measurement facility that measures earthquakes by reflecting ground subsidence caused by earthquakes or other factors. More specifically, it is an early detection and measurement of ground subsidence caused by earthquakes using a ground subsidence meter, and more specifically,
An exterior having a pipe shape having a length in the vertical direction, a side wall having a display unit indicating the height of the filling member, a granular filling member filled to the height of the display unit inside the exterior, and an inner tube at the upper end of the exterior After this is inserted and installed, when a cavity is generated due to subsidence of the ground, the filling member descends to fill the cavity, and the inner tube descends according to the volume of the cavity.

Description

Earthquake Measuring Equipment {EARTHQUAKE MEASURING METHOD}

The present invention relates to a seismic measurement facility that measures earthquakes by reflecting ground subsidence caused by earthquakes or other factors. More specifically, it relates to a method or means for early detection and measurement of ground subsidence caused by earthquakes using a subsidence gauge.

The ground subsidence meter cited in the present invention is installed for the purpose of determining the stability of surrounding structures due to ground subsidence by installing a survey point on the ground surface to determine the amount of ground movement according to tunnel excavation and filling through regular surveying. is a measuring instrument.

The surface subsidence gauge, which is frequently used, is a measuring instrument installed for the purpose of determining the stability of surrounding structures due to subsidence by installing a survey point on the surface and measuring the ground behavior due to tunnel excavation and filling through regular surveying. to be.

Since the surface subsidence gauge is made of a single pin, when installed on a rigid continuum such as asphalt, a cavity is created due to the difference in stiffness, so it is not possible to measure the exact amount of subsidence. may be the cause of In addition, it is difficult to predict the collapse of tunnels and excavations, which poses a risk of major safety accidents.

As described above in FIGS. 1 and 2, a method for measuring the amount of settlement using a double pipe surface settlement meter of Patent Registration No. 1235746 is disclosed,

The double pipe surface subsidence gauge is largely composed of a stopper 10, an inner tube 20, and an outer tube 30. The stopper 10 includes a groove 15 on the upper surface, and the inner tube 20 has an outer diameter. It includes a screw shape, and the outer tube 30 is hollow inside and has a shape that can include the inner tube 20 .

The stopper 10, the inner tube 20, and the outer tube 30 are engaged with each other in the form of a screw, and when separated, can be separated with a driver through the groove 15 in the center. That is, as shown in FIG. 6 , the stopper 10, the inner tube 20, and the outer tube 30 can be separated with a driver so that a gap is generated between the inner tube 20 and the outer tube 30 through the groove 15. have.

A measuring needle is set on the head of the inner tube 20 to determine the absolute settlement amount of the measurement position by a surveying technique. In the example of the figure, part A is a gauge, B is a level, and C is a reference point without the influence of settlement. The size of the cavity is calculated by the relative displacement of the inner tube 20 and the outer tube 30 as shown in the following equation.

(S1 : 내관 두부의 처음 위치(A부분), S2 : 내관 두부의 침하 위치(B부분))

(S1: the initial position of the inner tube head (part A), S2: the depression position of the inner tube head (part B))

In the method of measuring the amount of settlement using a double-tube surface subsidence meter, first, a hole is drilled in the ground before tunnel excavation, and then the exterior is inserted and fixed in a pavement. And after removing the stopper, the inner tube is separated from the outer tube. As the inner tube behaves according to the subsidence of the ground, the absolute settlement amount of the measurement position is grasped by a surveying technique, and the size of the cavity is grasped by the relative displacement of the inner tube and the outer tube.

As the inner pipe behaves according to the subsidence of the ground, the step of determining the absolute settlement amount of the measurement position by the surveying technique is a step of grasping the absolute settlement amount of the measuring position by the surveying technique by setting a measuring needle on the head of the inner tube. As it behaves according to the subsidence of the ground without being affected by the stiffness of the road pavement, it is supposed to have the effect of making the head subsidence of the inner pipe exactly coincide with the actual subsidence.

However, the method of measuring the amount of settlement using the double-tube subsidence meter has solved some of the problems of other conventional subsidence meters, but

The size of the cavity is measured by the relative displacement of the inner tube and the outer tube, and although the depth of subsidence of the ground in contact with the lower end of the inner tube can be measured, the total volume of the cavity that is actually generated cannot be accurately reflected.

In addition, since the contact surface between the outer tube and the inner tube is wide, there is a high probability that the inner tube will stick to the inner diameter of the outer tube due to the penetration of foreign substances or the occurrence of freezing in winter. Therefore, the measurement of ground subsidence may not be easily made.

An object of the present invention is to provide a measuring method or means capable of accurately measuring the amount of settlement by solving the above problems.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention

It is a pipe shape having a length up and down, and the side wall has an appearance in which a display indicating the height of the filling member is formed,

A granular filling member filled to the height of the display unit in the interior of the exterior;

After the inner tube is inserted and installed at the top of the exterior,

If a cavity occurs due to subsidence of the ground,

The filling member descends to fill the cavity,

In the measuring method in which the inner tube is lowered according to the volume of the cavity,

A measurement fixing part 210 is formed on the upper end (b1) of the inner tube,

lever 420; a lever shaft 421 disposed near one end of the lever 420 to serve as a power shaft in the vertical direction; a weight 410 provided at one end of the lever 420 by taking a spherical shape; and a mark 430 that is foldable and provided on the other end of the lever 420;

The weight 410 is seated on the measurement fixing part 210,

In the state in which the seating is maintained, the horizontally arranged measuring needle 400 is tilted to a horizontal posture,

The lever shaft 421 is crossed over the exterior entrance 130 of the exterior, and is divided into a minor axis (z1) having a short length on the side of the weight 410 and a long axis (z2) having a long length on the opposite side. become this,

After the lever 420 is horizontally placed in contact with the ground,

When ground subsidence occurs,

The weight 410 descends according to the movement of the inner tube,

As the other end of the lever 420 rises around the lever shaft 421 with respect to the lowering of the weight 410, the mark 430 folded in contact with the ground rises while unfolding,

A small descent of the minor axis z1 causes a large rise z3 of the long axis z2 with the lever shaft 421 as a rotation axis to amplify the information of ground subsidence.

According to the present invention, since the volume of the filling member filled in the narrow area of the exterior corresponds to the volume of the large area of the cavity, the lowering and behavior of the inner tube is large, so that the change of ground subsidence can be reflected more sensitively and reliably there is,

Since the length of the inner tube is shorter than that of the conventional double tube subsidence system, the contact surface for the outer diameter of the inner tube and the inner diameter of the outer tube can be reduced, thereby reducing the resistance caused by foreign substances and increasing the reliability of the behavior of the inner tube,

Because the actual volume of the cavity can be measured according to the subsidence of the ground, the size and amount of subsidence of the entire cavity can be immediately known, so that prompt action can be taken according to the subsidence of the ground due to an earthquake.

1 and 2 relate to the prior art.
1 is an exemplary view showing the implementation of the surface subsidence pipe.
Figure 2 is an exemplary view showing the implementation of the double pipe surface subsidence meter and leveling.
3A is a perspective view and a side cross-sectional view of the exterior; 3B is a perspective view and a side cross-sectional view of the inner tube;
4 is a side cross-sectional view showing a state in which the exterior is embedded in the pavement;
5A is a side cross-sectional view showing an example of filling a filling member; Figure 5 B is a state in which the filling member is shown in a side cross-section;
6A and 6B are cross-sectional views showing another example of filling the filling member.
Figure 7 A is an exemplary view showing the process of inserting the inner tube in a lateral cross section; Figure 7 B is a state in which the inner tube is inserted into the exterior in a side cross-sectional view;
8 A is a state diagram showing the state before ground subsidence of the surface in a lateral section; B is a state diagram showing a state in which a cavity has occurred due to ground subsidence in a lateral section;
9A is an exemplary view showing a state in which the filling member descends to fill the cavity in a lateral cross-section; Figure 9 B is a state diagram showing the mathematical formula for calculating the volume of the cavity and the state in which the inner tube is lowered in a lateral section;
Hereinafter, as showing an embodiment with respect to the horizontally placed measuring hand 400,
10 is an exemplary view showing the configuration of the horizontally arranged hand.
11 is a state diagram illustrating that the horizontally arranged measuring hand is installed and arranged horizontally.
12 is a state diagram showing the operation of the horizontally arranged hand.

The present invention relates to a method or means (equipment) for measuring ground subsidence caused by earthquakes or other factors. In relation to the ground subsidence meter cited in the present invention, the exterior 100 and the interior 110 of the exterior are shown in a lateral cross-section, and the exterior is inserted into the upper end (a1) and descends in the direction of the lower end (a2) of the exterior. It is an example of FIG. 3 showing the inner tube 200 and its side cross-section that can be done.

The exterior 100 takes the form of a pipe (pipe) having a vertical length, and a display unit 120 for guiding by indicating the height of the filling member 300 to fill the interior 110 is formed on the side wall. . The shape of the display unit 120 can be formed by forming a hole on the sidewall of the exterior 100, as an example in the drawing, or by cutting a predetermined length in the horizontal direction, as in the example in the drawing, in addition to the conventional simple display method. . The purpose of these holes and cuts is to naturally discharge the filling member 300 to the outside when necessary to match the height of the filling member 300 to the display unit 120 .

The inner tube 200 has a measuring needle fixing part 210 formed at the upper end (b1) of the inner tube, so that the measuring needle can be fixed by, for example, making a groove in the measuring needle fixing part and inserting the measuring needle into the groove. The lower end b2 of the inner tube presses the filling member 300 to be in contact with it with a constant pressure of its own weight, or takes the form of a surface that can be supported by the filling member 300 .

The outer diameter of the inner tube 200 is formed to correspond to the inner diameter of the outer tube 100, and the vertical length thereof is preferably minimized by making it as short as possible to receive less interference from foreign substances. In addition, it is preferable to employ a member with a large weight, such as metal such as lead, to effectively lower the cavity when the cavity ca is generated by applying an effective pressure downward.

At the time of construction, as in the example of FIG. 4 , a vertical hole suitable for the outer diameter of the exterior 100 is drilled in the pavement pavement pa, and the exterior 100 is inserted and fixed. At this time, as possible, the lower end (a2) of the exterior can be in close contact with the ground (gr).

Next, as illustrated in FIG. 5A , the filling member 300 to fill the interior 110 of the exterior is poured from the upper end a1 of the exterior to the height di of the display unit 120 .

The filling member 300 adopts a member that can permeate and fill the empty space in the form of granules such as sand or beads. In the case of small particles like sand, it has the advantage of being able to penetrate or permeate well into the narrow space of the cavity (ca), and if the particles are large like beads, it is easy to manage, and its own weight is large and it takes a spherical shape. Even if there is a resistive element in it, it has the advantage of overcoming the resistance and facilitating the behavior.

When it is difficult to accurately fit the filling member 300 to the display unit 120, before embedding the exterior 100 in the pavement pa, as in the example of FIG. 6A, the interior 110 of the exterior 100 After filling the filling member 300 in the , the excess remaining beyond the display unit 120 is allowed to naturally pass through the hole of the display unit 120 and be discharged (300 ′). And, as in the example of Figure 6B. After the filling member 300 is transferred to the storage container 40 , as shown in FIG. 4 , the exterior 100 is inserted into a hole punched in the pavement pa and embedded. After that, as in the example of FIG. 5 , when the filling member 300 of the storage container 40 is poured back into the interior 110 of the exterior 100 and filled, the filling amount accurately matched to the display part 120 is filled. The member 300 may be filled.

When the filling member 300 is accurately filled after performing the operation as described above, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the outer diameter of the inner tube 200 is fitted to the inner diameter of the upper end (a1) of the exterior. insert

8 to 9 are exemplified to explain the operation in the field of the present invention.

First, when the ground (gr) settles as shown in FIG. 8B from the initial state as shown in FIG. 8A and a cavity ca occurs, the filling member 300 descends downward along the direction of gravity as shown in FIG. 9A (f1) to start filling the cavity. At this time, since the lower end of the inner tube 200 is supported by the filling member 300 , the inner tube 200 follows the descent of the filling member 300 in the inner 110 of the inner tube 200 . Together, they move downward (f2).

Eventually, as in the example of FIG. 9B , the filling member 300 fills the cavity ca, and the inner tube 200 by the volume of the filling member 300 escaping to fill the cavity ca. ) descends and stops at a certain position.

In general, since the cavity ca has a much larger area than the cross-sectional area of the lower end of the inner tube 200, in order to fill a larger area, the degree of descent of the inner tube 200 is higher than the actual depth of the cavity ca. goes deep In other words, the change in the position of the inner tube 200 can respond more sensitively to the occurrence of a slight cavity (ca) to quickly and largely reflect the subsidence of the ground (gr). Here, the volume of the generated cavity ca is expressed as the equation described at the top of FIG. 9B .

(Vca=cavity volume; π=circumference ratio; d=external diameter; Δh=internal pipe height change)

That is, the volume of the cylinder swept down by the inner tube 200 becomes the volume of the cavity ca.

The change in the inner tube height can be obtained by directly going to the place where the outer tube 100 is buried, or, as in the example of FIG. can be

10 to 12, relate to a more advanced and efficient embodiment of the leveling method through the measuring needle installed in the inner tube (200).

The measuring needle of the present invention is usually horizontally arranged as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, and is less affected by external external forces such as wind, collision of objects, etc. than those in a vertically arranged state. It is a horizontally arranged measuring needle 400 that is usually provided by lying on the floor horizontally so as to be safely maintained.

In the detailed configuration of the horizontally arranged measuring needle 400 in FIG. 10, a weight 410 provided as a mass such as a metal having a spherical shape; a lever 420 extending horizontally from the weight 410; and a mark 430 that is provided in the form of a flag made of a nonwoven fabric or a soft member to quickly inform information at the end of the lever 420 and is folded when it touches the ground. On the other hand, the weight also serves to help supplement the downward movement of the inner tube by pressing the inner tube (200).

In its installation in FIG. 11 , a measuring fixing part 210 made by digging a groove in the downward direction is formed on the upper end (b1) of the inner tube 200, and the weight 410 is formed in the measuring fixing part 210. to settle and stabilize. Accordingly, the lever 420 is laid down from the weight 410 to the side (laterally) so as to be in contact with the ground. The body side of the lever 420 close to the weight 410 , that is, the lever shaft 421 is disposed so as to span the exterior entrance 130 on the upper entrance edge side of the exterior 100 . That is, the lever shaft 421 spanning the exterior entrance 130 is used as the rotation shaft of the lever 420 . Here, since the lever shaft 421 is located near the weight 410 , the body of the lever 420 has a very short length toward the weight shaft 410 with respect to the lever shaft 421 . It is divided into a minor axis (z1) and a major axis (z2) having a very long length of the lever body on the opposite side.

In its action in FIG. 12 , since the lever shaft 421 is located in the vicinity of the weight 410 , even a slight downward motion of the weight 410 , the lever body on the opposite side has a very large upward motion. have the movement of That is, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 , a small drop of the minor axis z1 causes a large rise z3 of the end of the major axis z2 using the lever shaft 421 as a rotation axis. Therefore, even with the small cavity ca and the downward movement of the inner tube 200 and the weight 410 due to the cavity ca, the upward movement of the end of the long axis z3 is greatly amplified. Therefore, it is possible to observe the change quickly and easily, and by measuring the raised angle z3, the degree of descent of the inner tube 200 and the size of the cavity ca can be calculated very precisely.

If we express the above in a different way,

a lever 420 having a lever shaft 421 serving as a vertical rotation shaft in the vicinity of one end; a heavy weight 410 provided at one end of the lever 420; and a mark 430 that is provided at the other end of the lever 420 and is foldable; after preparing the horizontally arranged measuring needle 400 including; a step of placing it on the

The weight 410 maintains a state seated on the measuring needle fixing part 210 , and tilts the horizontally arranged measuring needle 400 to a horizontal posture so that the lever shaft 421 is the exterior entrance 130 of the exterior 100 . ), and placing the lever 420 in contact with the ground to be horizontally arranged;

When ground subsidence occurs, the step of descending the weight 410 according to the movement of the inner tube 200,

With respect to the descent of the weight 410, the other end of the lever 420 rises centering on the lever shaft 421, and accordingly, the mark 430 folded in contact with the ground rises and rises while unfolding. amplifying and providing information;

In this way, through the horizontal arrangement measuring needle 400 descending together with the inner tube, information of ground subsidence can be quickly and easily provided even with a slight cavity (ca) occurrence and movement of the inner tube 200, as in the example of FIG. 12 . can be found

storage container (40); cavity (ca); top of the inner tube (b1); the lower end of the inner tube (b2); top of the facade (a1); the lower end of the exterior (a2); exterior 100; interior 110; display unit 120; inner tube 200; side measurement fixing unit 210; filling member 300; Horizontal arrangement measuring hand (400);

Claims (1)

The exterior 100 having a tubular shape and a display unit 120 indicating the height of the filling member 300 is formed on the side wall, and the display unit 120 is formed with a hole perforated in the side wall of the exterior 100,
When a vertical hole matching the outer diameter of the exterior 100 is drilled in the pavement, and the exterior 100 is inserted and fixed in the vertical hole of the pavement,
In the interior of the exterior 100, the filling member 300 is filled to the height of the display unit 120,
The outer diameter corresponds to the inner diameter of the outer tube 100, and the inner tube 200 is provided as a metal member having a weight, and the inner tube 200 is inserted into the outer tube 100 and installed,
When a cavity occurs due to subsidence of the ground, the filling member 300 descends and fills the cavity while the inner tube 200 descends according to the volume of the cavity, and accordingly the height change of the inner tube 200 is measured. ,
The ground subsidence is calculated from the formula Vca = π*(d/2) ² *Δh (Vca=cavity volume; π=circumference; d=external diameter; Δh=internal pipe height change),
A measurement fixing part 210 is provided at the upper end (b1) of the inner tube 200, and the measurement fixing part 210 is formed by digging a groove in the upper end (b1) of the inner tube 200 in a downward direction,
a lever 420 in contact with the ground; a lever shaft 421 serving as a rotation shaft; and a spherical weight 410 provided at one end of the lever 420; and a mark 430 provided at the other end of the lever 420 and provided as a soft non-woven member;
The weight 410 is placed on the measurement fixing part 210, the lever shaft 421 is crossed over the exterior entrance 130 of the exterior 100, and the lever 420 is laid horizontally. placed,
When the ground subsidence occurs, the weight 410 descends along the movement of the inner tube 200 and presses the inner tube 200 to help the lowering of the inner tube 200, and the lever shaft 421 as the center The other end of the lever (420) rises, and the mark (430) provided at the other end of the lever (420) is configured to provide information on ground subsidence.

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