KR20170086959A - Composition for forming porous supporting layer, method for preparing reverse osmosis membrane using the same, and reverse osmosis membrane and water treatment module - Google Patents

Composition for forming porous supporting layer, method for preparing reverse osmosis membrane using the same, and reverse osmosis membrane and water treatment module Download PDF

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KR20170086959A
KR20170086959A KR1020160006641A KR20160006641A KR20170086959A KR 20170086959 A KR20170086959 A KR 20170086959A KR 1020160006641 A KR1020160006641 A KR 1020160006641A KR 20160006641 A KR20160006641 A KR 20160006641A KR 20170086959 A KR20170086959 A KR 20170086959A
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South Korea
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reverse osmosis
osmosis membrane
polymer layer
porous polymer
composition
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KR1020160006641A
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Korean (ko)
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이아영
김태형
김예지
신정규
최형삼
곽봉주
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주식회사 엘지화학
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Publication of KR20170086959A publication Critical patent/KR20170086959A/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L81/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of polysulfones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L81/06—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/66—Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
    • B01D71/68—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G75/20—Polysulfones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition for forming a porous polymer layer comprising at least one of a polysulfone and a polyisocyanate and having a viscosity at a shear rate of 10 4 / s from 150 mPa.s to 300 mPa.s, a method for producing a reverse osmosis membrane using the same, And a reverse osmosis membrane and a water treatment module manufactured thereby.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a composition for forming a porous polymer layer, a reverse osmosis membrane using the same, a reverse osmosis membrane and a water treatment module,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a composition for forming a porous polymer layer and a method for preparing a reverse osmosis membrane using the same. Also, the present invention relates to a reverse osmosis membrane manufactured using the composition for forming a porous polymer layer and a water treatment module including the reverse osmosis membrane.

The phenomenon that the solvent moves between the two solutions separated by the semi-permeable membrane through the membrane from the solution with a low solute concentration to the solution with a high solute concentration is called osmotic phenomenon. The pressure acting on the solution side Is called osmotic pressure. However, when an external pressure higher than osmotic pressure is applied, the solvent moves toward the solution having a low solute concentration. This phenomenon is called reverse osmosis. By using the reverse osmosis principle, it is possible to separate various salts or organic substances through the semipermeable membrane using the pressure gradient as a driving force. Water treatment membranes using this reverse osmosis phenomenon have been used to supply water for domestic, architectural and industrial purposes by separating substances at a molecular level and removing salts from brine or seawater.

Typical examples of such a water treatment separation membrane include a polyamide-based water treatment separation membrane, and a polyamide-based water treatment separation membrane is produced by a method of forming a polyamide active layer on a microporous layer support. More specifically, Forming a microporous support by immersing the microporous support in an aqueous solution of m-Phenylene Diamine (mPD) to form an mPD layer, and then adding tri- mesoyl chloride, TMC) in an organic solvent so that the mPD layer is brought into contact with the TMC to perform interfacial polymerization, thereby forming a polyamide layer.

The permeation flux and the salt removal rate in the water treatment membrane are used as an important index indicating the performance of the membrane. Such performance is greatly affected by the active layer of the polyamide structure formed by the interface polymerization method.

Attempts have been made to increase the permeation flow rate with the change of the composition ratio of m-phenylenediamine (mPD) and trimethoyl chloride (TMC) used in the interfacial polymerization, but there is a limit in increasing the permeation flow rate due to such composition change.

The present invention provides a composition for forming a porous polymer layer capable of improving the flux of a reverse osmosis membrane and a method of preparing a reverse osmosis membrane using the same. The present application also provides a reverse osmosis membrane and a water treatment module manufactured by the above method.

One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a composition for forming a porous polymer layer comprising at least one of polysulfone and polyisocyanate and having a viscosity at a shear rate of 10 4 / s from 150 mPa.s to 300 mPa.s.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a method of forming a porous polymer layer on a porous support using a composition for forming a porous polymer layer containing polysulfone and having a viscosity of 150 mPa.s to 300 mPa.s at a shear rate of 10 4 / And forming a polymer layer on the surface of the reverse osmosis membrane.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure is

Using a composition for forming a porous polymer layer having at least one of polysulfone and polyisocyanate on a porous support and having a viscosity of 150 mPa.s to 300 mPa.s at a shear rate of 10 4 / s, ; And

And forming a polyamide layer on the porous polymer layer.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a reverse osmosis membrane comprising a porous support, a porous polymer layer formed on the porous support, and a polyamide layer provided on the porous polymer layer, wherein the porous polymer layer comprises a polysulfone and a poly And a narcotic phone, and has a viscosity at a shear rate of 10 4 / s of from 150 mPa.s to 300 mPa.s, is formed using a composition for forming a porous polymer layer.

 Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a water treatment module comprising the reverse osmosis membrane.

According to the embodiments described herein, by forming a porous polymer membrane by using a solution having an appropriate viscosity under the process conditions of forming the porous polymer membrane, it is possible to increase the migration speed of the porous polymer layer formed on the porous support, The porous polymer layer having a loose structure can be formed and the permeation flow rate of the reverse osmosis membrane can be improved as compared with the case of using a solution having a relatively high viscosity.

1 is an SEM image of the surface of the porous polymer layer prepared in Example 1. Fig.
2 shows an SEM image of the surface of the porous polymer layer prepared in Comparative Example 1. FIG.

When a member is referred to herein as being "on " another member, it includes not only a member in contact with another member but also another member between the two members.

Whenever a component is referred to as "comprising ", it is to be understood that the component may include other components as well, without departing from the specification unless specifically stated otherwise.

One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a composition for forming a porous polymer layer comprising at least one of polysulfone and polyisocyanate and having a viscosity at a shear rate of 10 4 / s from 150 mPa.s to 300 mPa.s.

The composition for forming a porous polymer layer has a shear rate

Figure pat00001
) Shows shear thinning phenomenon with decreasing viscosity. The present inventors confirmed that the shear rate in the casting process of the porous polymer layer is about 10 4 / s as shown in the following equation. The inventors of the present invention have derived a suitable viscosity of the composition for forming a porous polymer layer from 150 mPa.s to 300 mPa.s at a shear rate by applying a power-law model to the viscosity value of the composition for forming a porous polymer layer. When the viscosity is less than 150 mPa.s, the viscosity is too low to form a polymer layer having a certain thickness. When the viscosity is more than 300 mPa.s, the quenching rate of the porous polymer layer is decreased to improve the flux Which is disadvantageous for further planning.

According to one embodiment, the composition may comprise from 10 to 20% by weight of at least one of a polysulfone and a polyisocyanate, and a solvent balance.

In this specification, polysulfone and polyisaphyphone are commercially available. For example, polysulfone having a molecular weight of Mw of 125,000 to 130,000 and Mn of 70,000 to 75,000 may be used, and those containing the following structural structural units may be used according to an example.

Figure pat00002

For example, a polyisophthalon having a molecular weight of Mw of 50,000 to 60,000 may be used, and one having the following structural structural unit may be used according to one example.

Figure pat00003

As the solvent, those known in the art can be used. For example, dimethylformamide and polyethylene glycol can be used. According to one example, at least one of the polysulfone and the polyisocyanate may comprise 10 to 20 wt%, dimethylformamide 70 to 90 wt%, and polyethylene glycol 1 to 10 wt%.

As an example of the polyethylene glycol, those represented by the following structural formulas can be used, and n can be selected so that the molecular weight is 200-600 g / mol, preferably 400 g / mol.

Figure pat00004

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a porous polymeric layer comprising at least one of a polysulfone and a polyisocyanate on a porous support and having a viscosity at a shear rate of 10 < 4 > / s from 150 mPa.s to 300 mPa.s And forming a porous polymer layer using the composition for forming a reverse osmosis membrane.

The manufacturing method of the reverse osmosis membrane may further include forming a polyamide layer on the porous polymer layer.

The porous polymer layer can be prepared by preparing a solution using the above-described composition and forming a layer by a coating method such as slot coating. During casting, the shear rate is determined by the die gap and the web velocity, and the thickness of the coating layer applied by the fluid injection rate and the web velocity is determined. In the coating process, since the fluid to the underlying porous support is permeated, the thickness of the coating layer applied may be thinner than the theoretical value. If necessary, a drying or curing process can be carried out.

When the pure water flux (PWF) was measured at a flow rate of 1 L / min and a pressure of 40 psi, the porous polymer layer thus prepared had a thickness of about 30 to 50 micrometers and a porosity of about 2,000 to 3,000 GFD Lt; / RTI >

The porous support may be a nonwoven fabric. The thickness of the nonwoven fabric may be 90-110 micrometers, and the nonwoven fabric pore size may be 3-10 micrometers on average, but is not limited thereto.

The total thickness of the porous support formed on the porous polymer layer may be in the range of 130-150 micrometers.

The polyamide layer may be prepared by coating a solution containing an amine compound on the porous polymer layer, followed by interfacial polymerization by contacting a solution containing an acyl halide compound.

The amine compound is not limited as long as it can be used in the polymerization of polyamide. Specific examples thereof include m-phenylenediamine (mPD), p-phenylenediamine (PPD), 1,3,6-benzenetriamine ), 4-chloro-1,3-phenylenediamine, 6-chloro-1,3-phenylenediamine, 3-chloro-1,4-phenylenediamine or a mixture thereof can be preferably used. The content of the amine compound may be 0.1 wt% or more and 20 wt% or less based on 100 wt% of the solution.

The acyl halide compound is not limited as long as it can be used in the polymerization of polyamides. Specific examples of the acyl halide compound include aromatic compounds having 2 to 3 carboxylic acid halides such as trimethoyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride and terephthaloyl And a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of chlorides. The content of the acyl halide compound may be 0.05 wt% or more and 1 wt% or less based on 100 wt% of the solution.

For example, the solution containing the amine compound may further contain water, acetone, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), hexamethylphosphoramide can do.

For example, the solution containing the acyl halide compound may further include an organic solvent. Examples of the organic solvent include aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as Freon and hydrophobic liquids such as hexane, cyclohexane, heptane and alkane having 5 to 12 carbon atoms which are immiscible with water, for example, alkanes having 5 to 12 carbon atoms And mixtures thereof, such as IsoPar (Exxon), ISOL-C (SK Chem), and ISOL-G (Exxon).

In the above production process, when an amine compound and an acyl halide compound are brought into contact with each other, an amine compound and an acyl halide compound react with each other to form a polyamide by interfacial polymerization, and a thin film is formed on the microporous support. The contact may be made by an immersion, spraying or coating method. As the interfacial polymerization conditions, those known in the art can be used.

The method of forming a layer using a solution containing an amine compound on the porous polymer layer is not particularly limited. For example, spraying, coating, immersion, dropping, etc. may be used.

The preparation method may further include a step of removing a solution containing an excess amine compound as needed before the amine compound and the acyl halide compound are contacted. When the solution containing the amine compound formed on the porous polymer layer is excessively large, the composition in the solution may be uneven. When the composition in the solution is nonuniform, the non-uniform active layer may be formed by subsequent interfacial polymerization. Therefore, it is preferable to remove the excess solution after forming the solution layer containing the amine compound on the porous support. The removal of the excess solution is not particularly limited, but can be performed using, for example, a sponge, an air knife, nitrogen gas blowing, natural drying, or a compression roll.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a reverse osmosis membrane comprising a porous support, a porous polymer layer formed on the porous support, and a polyamide layer provided on the porous polymer layer, wherein the porous polymer layer comprises a polysulfone and a poly And a narcotic phone, and has a viscosity at a shear rate of 10 4 / s of from 150 mPa.s to 300 mPa.s, is formed using a composition for forming a porous polymer layer. Here, the thickness of the porous polymer layer may be about 30-50 micrometers.

The reverse osmosis membrane may further include an additional layer as required. For example, the reverse osmosis membrane may further include an anti-fouling layer provided on the polyamide active layer.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a water treatment module including at least one of the above-described reverse osmosis membranes.

The specific type of the water treatment module is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a plate & frame module, a tubular module, a hollow & fiber module, or a spiral wound module. In addition, as long as the water treatment module includes the water treatment separation membrane according to one embodiment of the present invention, other structures and manufacturing methods are not particularly limited and general means known in the art can be employed without limitation have.

On the other hand, the water treatment module according to one embodiment of the present invention has excellent salt removal rate and permeation flow rate, and is excellent in chemical stability, and thus can be used for water treatment devices such as household / industrial water purification devices, sewage treatment devices, have. For example, a water treatment module in accordance with the embodiments described herein can be used as a domestic water treatment separator intended for high throughput flow rates.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples to illustrate the present invention. However, the embodiments according to the present disclosure can be modified in various other forms, and the scope of the present specification is not construed as being limited to the above-described embodiments. Embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to more fully describe the present disclosure to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Example  One

A composition comprising 15% by weight of polysulfone, 82% by weight of dimethylformamide and 3% by weight of polyethylene glycol was prepared. At this time, the viscosity at a shear rate of 10 4 / s was 276 mPa · s.

The above composition was applied on a nonwoven fabric (kind) to form a porous polysulfone layer having a thickness of 40 um. The pure water flux of the porous polysulfone layer was measured by deionized water permeation at a flow rate of 1 L / min and a pressure of 40 psi.

Next, a polyamide layer was formed thereon by interfacial polymerization of mPD and TMC (trimethoyl chloride). At this time, the additive was not added to the TMC organic layer for forming the polyamide layer. The performance of the polyamide membrane was evaluated at 250 ppm total pressure dissolved solids (TDS) and 60 psi pressure.

Comparative Example  One

A composition comprising 16% by weight of polysulfone, 81% by weight of dimethylformamide and 3% by weight of polyethylene glycol was prepared. At this time, the viscosity at a shear rate of 10 4 / s was 400 mPa · s. The performance and the pure water permeability of the polyamide membrane were measured in the same manner as in Example 1.

Example  2

A polyamide film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that mesityl oxide was added to the TMC organic layer as an additive.

Comparative Example  2

A polyamide film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that mesityl oxide was added to the TMC organic layer as an additive.

The viscosity of the composition for preparing polysulfone layer is 10 4 / s (mPa.s) The pure water permeability (GFD) Addition of additives to TMC organic layer
(X: not added,
O: addition) Salt Removal Rate (%) Transmittance (GFD) Comparative Example 1 400 1518 ± 78 X 98.28 11.98 Example 1 276 2144 ± 125 X 98.22 17.08 Comparative Example 2 400 1518 ± 78 O 98.41 17.08 Example 2 276 2144 ± 125 O 98.18 21.32

As shown in Table 1, it was confirmed that when a composition having a viscosity within the range of the present invention was used regardless of whether or not an additive was added in forming the polyamide layer, the transmittance was improved at an equivalent salt removal rate.

Claims (6)

A composition for forming a porous polymer layer comprising at least one of a polysulfone and a polyisocyanate and having a viscosity at a shear rate of 10 4 / s from 150 mPa.s to 300 mPa.s. Using a composition for forming a porous polymer layer having at least one of polysulfone and polyisocyanate on a porous support and having a viscosity of 150 mPa.s to 300 mPa.s at a shear rate of 10 4 / s, ; And
And forming a polyamide layer on the porous polymer layer. The method of claim 2, wherein the porous polymer layer before forming the polyamide layer has a pure water flux (PWF) of 2,000-3,000 GFD at a flow rate of 1 L / min and a pressure of 40 psi. The method of claim 2, further comprising forming a polyamide layer on the porous polymer layer. A reverse osmosis membrane comprising a porous support, a porous polymer layer formed on the porous support, and a polyamide layer provided on the porous polymer layer, wherein the porous polymer layer comprises at least one of the polysulfone and the polyisocyanate, And a viscosity at a shear rate of 10 4 / s from 150 mPa · s to 300 mPa · s. A water treatment module comprising a reverse osmosis membrane according to claim 5.
KR1020160006641A 2016-01-19 2016-01-19 Composition for forming porous supporting layer, method for preparing reverse osmosis membrane using the same, and reverse osmosis membrane and water treatment module KR20170086959A (en)

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