KR20170081505A - Porous support, and preparing reverse osmosis membrane and water treatment module comprising the same - Google Patents

Porous support, and preparing reverse osmosis membrane and water treatment module comprising the same Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20170081505A
KR20170081505A KR1020160000624A KR20160000624A KR20170081505A KR 20170081505 A KR20170081505 A KR 20170081505A KR 1020160000624 A KR1020160000624 A KR 1020160000624A KR 20160000624 A KR20160000624 A KR 20160000624A KR 20170081505 A KR20170081505 A KR 20170081505A
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
nonwoven fabric
polysulfone
polyisocyanate
reverse osmosis
porous support
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KR1020160000624A
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
이아영
김태형
최형삼
신정규
곽봉주
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주식회사 엘지화학
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Publication of KR20170081505A publication Critical patent/KR20170081505A/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/66—Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
    • B01D71/68—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/20—Specific permeability or cut-off range
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a nonwoven fabric comprising a nonwoven fabric and a polymer layer comprising at least one of polysulfone and polyisocyanate on the nonwoven fabric, wherein the nonwoven fabric has a porosity of 0.2 to 1.7 g / m 2 in polysulfone and polyisocyanate content And a reverse osmosis membrane and a water treatment module including the same.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a porous support, a reverse osmosis membrane and a water treatment module including the porous support,

The present disclosure relates to a porous support and a reverse osmosis membrane and a water treatment module comprising the same.

The phenomenon that the solvent moves between the two solutions separated by the semi-permeable membrane through the membrane from the solution with a low solute concentration to the solution with a high solute concentration is called osmotic phenomenon. The pressure acting on the solution side Is called osmotic pressure. However, when an external pressure higher than osmotic pressure is applied, the solvent moves toward the solution having a low solute concentration. This phenomenon is called reverse osmosis. By using the reverse osmosis principle, it is possible to separate various salts or organic substances through the semipermeable membrane using the pressure gradient as a driving force. Water treatment membranes using this reverse osmosis phenomenon have been used to supply water for domestic, architectural and industrial purposes by separating substances at a molecular level and removing salts from brine or seawater.

Typical examples of such a water treatment separation membrane include a polyamide-based water treatment separation membrane, and a polyamide-based water treatment separation membrane is produced by a method of forming a polyamide active layer on a microporous layer support. More specifically, A sulphone layer is formed to form a microporous support, and this microporous support is immersed in an aqueous solution of m-Phenylene Diamine (mPD) to form an mPD layer, which is then reacted with tri- mesoyl chloride, TMC) in an organic solvent so that the mPD layer is brought into contact with the TMC to perform interfacial polymerization, thereby forming a polyamide layer.

The permeation flux and the salt removal rate in the water treatment membrane are used as an important index indicating the performance of the membrane. Such performance is greatly affected by the active layer of the polyamide structure formed by the interface polymerization method.

Attempts have been made to increase the permeation flow rate with the change of the composition ratio of m-phenylenediamine (mPD) and trimethoyl chloride (TMC) used in the interfacial polymerization, but there is a limit in increasing the permeation flow rate due to such composition change.

The present application provides a porous support capable of improving the salt removal rate of a reverse osmosis membrane, and a reverse osmosis membrane and a water treatment module including the porous support.

An embodiment of the present disclosure includes a polymer layer comprising a nonwoven fabric and at least one of polysulfone and polyisocyanate provided on the nonwoven fabric, wherein the amount of polysulfone and polyisocyanate in the nonwoven fabric is 0.2 to 1.7 g / m < 2 >.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a nonwoven fabric and a polymer layer comprising at least one of polysulfone and polyisocyanate on the nonwoven fabric, wherein the amount of polysulfone and polyisocyanate in the nonwoven fabric ranges from 0.2 to 1.7 g / m < 2 > of the polyamide layer formed on the porous support.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a nonwoven fabric and a polymer layer comprising at least one of polysulfone and polyisocyanate on the nonwoven fabric, wherein the amount of polysulfone and polyisocyanate in the nonwoven fabric ranges from 0.2 to 1.7 g / m < 2 >; And a polyamide layer provided on the porous support.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a water treatment module comprising the reverse osmosis membrane.

According to the embodiments described herein, as the porous support used in the preparation of the reverse osmosis membrane, by using a porous support having an amount of polysulfone and polyisocyanate in the nonwoven fabric of 0.2 to 1.7 g / m 2 , , It is possible to increase the cross-linking density by providing more sites for the penetration of the amine compound and the acyl halide compound for forming the polyamide layer. Thus, a high salt rejection improvement can be achieved.

FIGS. 1 to 4 show cross-sectional SEM photographs of the reverse osmosis membrane prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 3, respectively.
FIGS. 5 to 7 are photographs showing a structure in which a polysulfone layer and a polyamide layer are peeled off from a reverse osmosis membrane prepared in Comparative Example 1, Example 1, and Example 2, respectively, and then polysulfone is contained in the nonwoven fabric.

When a member is referred to herein as being "on " another member, it includes not only a member in contact with another member but also another member between the two members.

Whenever a component is referred to as "comprising ", it is to be understood that the component may include other components as well, without departing from the specification unless specifically stated otherwise.

One embodiment of the present disclosure includes a polymeric layer comprising a nonwoven fabric and at least one of polysulfone and polyethersulfone provided on the nonwoven fabric, wherein the amount of polysulfone and polyisocyanate in the nonwoven fabric is from 0.2% 1.7 g / m < 2 >.

Wherein the amount of polysulfone and polyisocyanate in the nonwoven fabric is determined by peeling off the polymer layer with a tape in a structure of a porous support including a nonwoven fabric and a polymer layer including at least one of polysulfone and polyisocyanate on the nonwoven fabric , Polysulfone in a nonwoven fabric, and polyisocyanate in a solvent. Here, the conditions for stripping with tape are as follows. The porous support was dried in a vacuum desiccator for 24 hours to remove the polymer layer on the upper surface of the nonwoven fabric, and the tape was peeled off at one time after bonding with the same area as the nonwoven fabric area. This method is effective for peeling off the polymer layer on the upper surface of the nonwoven fabric having weak adhesion, except for polysulfone or polyisocyanate impregnated in the nonwoven fabric.

When the amount of polysulfone and polyisocyanate in the nonwoven fabric is less than 0.2 g / m 2 , the adhesive force between the polymer layer containing polysulfone or polyisocyanate and the nonwoven fabric is weakened, resulting in a decrease in durability when the reverse osmosis membrane is produced And when it exceeds 1.7 g / m 2 , there is a problem in that the salt removal efficiency is deteriorated in the performance of the reverse osmosis membrane.

According to one embodiment, the amount of polysulfone or polyisocyanate impregnated in the nonwoven fabric may be designed to vary depending on the kind of the nonwoven fabric, for example, the thickness and the degree of porosity of the nonwoven fabric.

According to one example, the amount of impregnated polysulfone or polyisocyanate can be adjusted depending on the degree of porosity of the nonwoven fabric. For example, the pore size of the nonwoven fabric can be selected on the average of 5 to 30 μm. The thickness of the nonwoven fabric may be 90-110 micrometers, but is not limited thereto.

The porous support may be prepared by applying a composition comprising at least one of polysulfone and polyisocyanate and a solvent onto a nonwoven fabric. Drying or curing can be carried out if necessary. As a coating method, a coating method known in the art such as slot coating can be applied.

For example, the composition may comprise from 10 to 20% by weight of at least one of a polysulfone and a polyisocyanate, and a solvent balance. As the solvent, dimethylformamide, polyethylene glycol and the like can be used.

In this specification, polysulfone and polyisaphyphone are commercially available. For example, polysulfone having a molecular weight of Mw of 125,000 to 130,000 and Mn of 70,000 to 75,000 may be used, and those containing the following structural structural units may be used according to an example.

Figure pat00001

For example, a polyisophthalon having a molecular weight of Mw of 50,000 to 60,000 may be used, and one having the following structural structural unit may be used according to one example.

Figure pat00002

Another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a nonwoven fabric and a polymer layer comprising at least one of polysulfone and polyisocyanate on the nonwoven fabric, wherein the amount of polysulfone and polyisocyanate in the nonwoven fabric ranges from 0.2 to 1.7 g / m < 2 > of the polyamide layer formed on the porous support.

The polyamide layer may be prepared by coating a solution containing an amine compound on the porous polymer layer, followed by interfacial polymerization by contacting a solution containing an acyl halide compound.

The amine compound is not limited as long as it can be used in the polymerization of polyamide. Specific examples thereof include m-phenylenediamine (mPD), p-phenylenediamine (PPD), 1,3,6-benzenetriamine ), 4-chloro-1,3-phenylenediamine, 6-chloro-1,3-phenylenediamine, 3-chloro-1,4-phenylenediamine or a mixture thereof can be preferably used. The content of the amine compound may be 0.1 wt% or more and 20 wt% or less based on 100 wt% of the solution.

The acyl halide compound is not limited as long as it can be used in the polymerization of polyamides. Specific examples of the acyl halide compound include aromatic compounds having 2 to 3 carboxylic acid halides such as trimethoyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride and terephthaloyl And a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of chlorides. The content of the acyl halide compound may be 0.05 wt% or more and 1 wt% or less based on 100 wt% of the solution.

For example, the solution containing the amine compound may further contain water, acetone, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), hexamethylphosphoramide can do.

For example, the solution containing the acyl halide compound may further include an organic solvent. Examples of the organic solvent include aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as Freon and hydrophobic liquids such as hexane, cyclohexane, heptane and alkane having 5 to 12 carbon atoms which are immiscible with water, for example, alkanes having 5 to 12 carbon atoms And mixtures thereof, such as IsoPar (Exxon), ISOL-C (SK Chem), and ISOL-G (Exxon).

In the above production process, when an amine compound and an acyl halide compound are brought into contact with each other, an amine compound and an acyl halide compound react with each other to form a polyamide by interfacial polymerization, and a thin film is formed on the microporous support. The contact may be made by an immersion, spraying or coating method. As the interfacial polymerization conditions, those known in the art can be used.

The method of forming a layer using a solution containing an amine compound on the porous polymer layer is not particularly limited. For example, spraying, coating, immersion, dropping, etc. may be used.

The preparation method may further include a step of removing a solution containing an excess amine compound as needed before the amine compound and the acyl halide compound are contacted. When the solution containing the amine compound formed on the porous polymer layer is excessively large, the composition in the solution may be uneven. When the composition in the solution is nonuniform, the non-uniform active layer may be formed by subsequent interfacial polymerization. Therefore, it is preferable to remove the excess solution after forming the solution layer containing the amine compound on the porous support. The removal of the excess solution is not particularly limited, but can be performed using, for example, a sponge, an air knife, nitrogen gas blowing, natural drying, or a compression roll.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a nonwoven fabric and a polymer layer comprising at least one of polysulfone and polyisocyanate on the nonwoven fabric, wherein the amount of polysulfone and polyisocyanate in the nonwoven fabric ranges from 0.2 to 1.7 g / m < 2 >; And a polyamide layer provided on the porous support.

The reverse osmosis membrane may further include an additional layer as required. For example, the reverse osmosis membrane may further include an anti-fouling layer provided on the polyamide active layer.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a water treatment module including at least one of the above-described reverse osmosis membranes.

The specific type of the water treatment module is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a plate & frame module, a tubular module, a hollow & fiber module, or a spiral wound module. In addition, as long as the water treatment module includes the water treatment separation membrane according to one embodiment of the present invention, other structures and manufacturing methods are not particularly limited and general means known in the art can be employed without limitation have.

On the other hand, the water treatment module according to one embodiment of the present invention has excellent salt removal rate and permeation flow rate, and is excellent in chemical stability, and thus can be used for water treatment devices such as household / industrial water purification devices, sewage treatment devices, have.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples to illustrate the present invention. However, the embodiments according to the present disclosure can be modified in various other forms, and the scope of the present specification is not construed as being limited to the above-described embodiments. Embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to more fully describe the present disclosure to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Example  And Comparative Example

The three kinds of solvents shown in the following Table 1 were carried out in order to find a suitable solvent for elution. The immersion for 15 hours in the solvent showed the least amount of change in the weight of the nonwoven fabric in the dichloromethane, And only polysulfone was used as a solvent capable of eluting. Two types of nonwoven fabrics were used for solvent selection.

1) CF 2) NMP 3) DCM Before: Basis weight
After: Soak in solvent Before After Before After Before After Supporting nonwoven fabric 1
Weight (g / m 2 ) 76.0 80.2 76.4 116.2 76.5 76.9 4.2 △ 39.8 0.4 Support nonwoven fabric 2
Weight (g / m 2 ) 77.9 82.5 79.2 134.8 79.2 80.7 4.6 △ 55.6 1.5

1) Chloroform (CF)

2) N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)

3) Dichloromethane (DCM)

A reverse osmosis membrane was prepared by forming a polysulfone layer and a polyamide layer on a nonwoven fabric having porosity shown in Table 2 below. Vertical cross-sectional photographs of the films prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Figs. 1 to 4, respectively. Figs. 1 to 4 are SEM cross-sectional views of the membranes prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 3, showing the cross-section of the polysulfone polymer layer on the upper surface of the nonwoven fabric and the polysulfone impregnated in the nonwoven fabric .

For the equal-level function setting of the reverse osmosis membrane, the membrane prepared in Comparative Example 1, Examples 1 to 3 was dried in a vacuum desiccator for 24 hours. Thereafter, in order to remove the polysulfone polymer layer on the upper surface of the nonwoven fabric, the tape was peeled off at one time after bonding with an area equivalent to the area of the nonwoven fabric. Subsequently, polysulfone impregnated with dichloromethane was eluted.

Degree of nonwoven fabric porosity
(Average pore size) Comparative Example 1 Average 30 micro Example 1 Average 5 micro Example 2 Average 5 micro Example 3 Average 9 micro

In Comparative Example 1, Examples 1 and 2, a photograph of the structure of the nonwoven fabric after polysulfone elution is shown in FIGS. 5 to 7. The twist of the nonwoven fabric may appear to exist between the nonwoven fabrics, but it can be seen that the polysulfone is eluted as compared to FIGS. 1 to 4 in which the polysulfone is impregnated. It was confirmed that the pore of Comparative Example 1 in which the impregnation amount was the largest at 5 g / m 2 was the largest.

The amount of polysulfone in the nonwoven fabric was calculated by dividing the weight change of the front and rear reverse osmosis membranes, from which the polysulfone was eluted from the nonwoven fabric, by the unit area, and is shown in Table 3 below. The salt removal rate and permeate flow rate were evaluated under TDS (total dissolved solids) 32000 ppm, 800 psi.

Polysulfone impregnation amount
(g / m 2 ) Rejection (%) Flux (gfd) Comparative Example 1 5.0 99.45 29.16 Example 1 0.2 99.80 22.50 Example 2 0.9 99.80 22.50 Example 3 1.7 99.79 31.51

As shown in Table 3, it can be seen that the membrane prepared in the Example can be used as a membrane for SW (Sea Water) separation because the salt removal ratio is improved as compared with Comparative Example 1.

Claims (4)

A porous support comprising a nonwoven fabric and a polymer layer comprising at least one of polysulfone and polyisocyanate on the nonwoven fabric, wherein the amount of polysulfone and polyisocyanate in the nonwoven fabric is 0.2 to 1.7 g / m 2 . A nonwoven fabric comprising a nonwoven fabric and a polymer layer comprising at least one of polysulfone and polyisocyanate on the nonwoven fabric, wherein the nonwoven fabric has a polysulfone and polyisocyanate content of 0.2 to 1.7 g / m 2 on a porous support And forming a polyamide layer on the surface of the reverse osmosis membrane. A porous support comprising a nonwoven fabric and a polymer layer comprising at least one of polysulfone and polyisocyanate provided on the nonwoven fabric, wherein the amount of polysulfone and polyisocyanate in the nonwoven fabric is 0.2 to 1.7 g / m 2 ; And a polyamide layer disposed on the porous support. A water treatment module comprising a reverse osmosis membrane according to claim 3.
KR1020160000624A 2016-01-04 2016-01-04 Porous support, and preparing reverse osmosis membrane and water treatment module comprising the same KR20170081505A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019216656A1 (en) * 2018-05-10 2019-11-14 주식회사 엘지화학 Reverse osmosis membrane, manufacturing method therefor, and water treatment module

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019216656A1 (en) * 2018-05-10 2019-11-14 주식회사 엘지화학 Reverse osmosis membrane, manufacturing method therefor, and water treatment module
US11883785B2 (en) 2018-05-10 2024-01-30 Lg Chem, Ltd. Reverse osmosis membrane, manufacturing method therefor, and water treatment module

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