KR20170072650A - Diagnostic test kit for diagnosing diabetus mellitus and a method for diagnosing diabetus mellitus using serum metabollites - Google Patents

Abstract

One aspect of the present invention provides a diabetes diagnostic kit comprising a quantification device for a serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of C16, PCae C36: 0, and combinations thereof. Another aspect of the present invention is a Korean diabetic diagnostic kit comprising a quantification device for a serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of C16, PCae C36: 0, glycine, lysoPCa C18: 2, to provide. Another aspect of the present invention provides information necessary for diagnosis of diabetes or diagnosis of diabetes in Koreans using the above-mentioned serum metabolite.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a diagnostic kit for diagnosing type 2 diabetes mellitus using serum metabolites and a diagnostic method for diagnosing diabetes mellitus using serum metabolites,

The present invention relates to a diagnostic kit for type 2 diabetes using a serum metabolite and a diagnostic method thereof, and more particularly, to a method for identifying a type 2 diabetes-related serum metabolism marker which specifically increases or decreases in the serum of a type 2 diabetic patient , A type 2 diabetes diagnostic kit using the serum metabolism marker, and a diagnostic method.

Diabetes mellitus is divided into type 1 diabetes (type 2 diabetes) and type 2 diabetes. While type 1 diabetes is caused by insulin deficiency, type 2 diabetes can regulate insulin secretion, It is a state of control failure and is caused by acquired factors such as lack of exercise, obesity or stress.

According to the statistics of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2008, the prevalence of diabetes in Koreans aged 30 and over is 9.1%, and the prevalence rate increases sharply when the age of 40 is over 20% in their 50s. In Korea, type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90-95% of the cases. Diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing with the increase in living standards, and the mortality rate is rapidly increasing. As a result, .

Diabetes can lead to very serious complications such as retinopathy, renal failure, and peripheral neuropathy, so it is essential to accurately diagnose and manage it early.

According to the American Diabetes Association's criteria for diabetes, glycemic index (HbAlc), FPG (fast plasma glucoside value after fasting for at least 8 h), 2h-PG (75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ). However, as a method for more accurate diagnosis in recent years, studies on the serum metabolite that can serve as a marker for diabetes are underway. Serum metabolites, which can serve as markers for diabetes, may be used for more accurate diagnosis of diabetes or as a target for the development of diabetes therapies.

Recent serum metabolite studies have shown that human serum metabolites are associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and blood sugar load resulting from pre-diabetes (Non-Patent Documents 1 to 4).

1. Zhang, X. et al., J.9 Proteome. Res., 8 (11), 5188-95 (2009) 2. Huffman, K.M. et al., Diabetes Care., 32 (9), 1678-83 (2009) 3. Bain, J. R. Diabetes., 58 (11), 16 2429-43 (2009) 4. Zhao, X. et al., J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 296 (2), E384-93 (2009)

It is an object of the present invention to find a serum metabolism marker associated with type 2 diabetes and to provide a diabetes diagnostic kit using the serum metabolism marker.

Another object of the present invention is to identify a serum metabolism marker associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is specific to Korean, and to provide a diabetes diagnostic kit using the serum metabolism marker.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for identifying sera metabolism markers associated with type 2 diabetes and providing information necessary for diagnosis of diabetes using the metabolism markers.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for identifying sera metabolism markers associated with type 2 diabetes specific to Koreans and providing information necessary for diagnosis of diabetes in Koreans using the metabolic markers.

One aspect of the present invention is

And a quantification device for a serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of C16, C16, PCae C36: 0, and combinations thereof.

In another aspect of the present invention,

A kit for quantifying serum metabolites selected from the group consisting of C16, C16, PCae C36: 0, glycine, lysoPCa C18: 2, and any combination thereof.

In another aspect of the present invention,

Obtaining a sample comprising blood separated from a human; And

Measuring the concentration of a serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of C16, PCae C36: 0, and combinations thereof in the sample,

And determining that the measured concentration of the serum metabolite is higher than that of the sample of the control group.

In another aspect of the present invention,

Obtaining a sample comprising blood separated from a human; And

Measuring the concentration of a serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of C16, PCae C36: 0, glycine, lysoPCa C18: 2, and any combination thereof in the sample,

Determining whether the measured concentration of C16 or PCae C36: 0 is higher than that of the control sample or the concentration of glycine or lysoPCa C18: 2 is decreased in the sample of the control group,

It provides a method for providing information necessary for the diagnosis of diabetes in Koreans.

According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for the diagnosis of diabetes risk biochemistry through the measurement of newly discovered diabetes-specific serum metabolites C16, PCae C36: 0, glycine, lysoPCa C18: 2, It is possible to diagnose diabetes more accurately than the diagnosis of diabetes through quantitative analysis of the enemy factors. Therefore, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a diabetic diagnostic kit and a diabetic diagnostic method that can more accurately diagnose a newly discovered diabetic-specific serum metabolite.

FIG. 1 shows quantitative profiles of 186 metabolites from serum samples of normal, pre-diabetic, and type 2 diabetic groups, and then quantified the metabolites independent of conventional diabetic risk factors For each of the models 1 and 2 [Model 1: age, sex, body mass indexes (BMI), and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) We performed linear and logistic regression analyzes on triglyceride, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose, and fasting insulin], followed by linear regression analysis Twenty-two metabolites affecting the changes in glucose tolerance test (2h-OGTT) were selected, and 37 metabolic isolates were selected by logistic regression to best distinguish the three groups related to diabetes , And these metabolites were normal (C16, PCae C36: 0, glycine), which are common in both models 1 and 2, are shown in the diabetic group, type 2 diabetes group, and type 2 diabetes group. , lysoPC a C18: 2).
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of analysis by the additional random forest method for the metabolites selected in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the diabetic risk factors and ROC (Receiver-Operating Characteristic) in comparison with Models 1 and 2, which include diabetes risk factors, (3b: prediction rate in the diabetic group and the non-diabetic group (normal group + pre-diabetic group)), 3c: Predictive rate in pre-diabetic and normal group, 3d: Predictive rate in abnormal group (pre-diabetic group + diabetic group) and normal group, and 3e: prediction rate in diabetic group and pre-diabetic group.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

All technical terms used in the present invention are used in the sense that they are generally understood by those of ordinary skill in the relevant field of the present invention unless otherwise defined. In addition, preferred methods or samples are described in this specification, but similar or equivalent ones are also included in the scope of the present invention. The contents of all publications referred to in this specification are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

The present inventors have studied for the elucidation of metabolic markers specific to type 2 diabetes, particularly for the identification of metabolic markers specific to type 2 diabetes in Koreans. Specifically, a targeted metabolomics approach was used to identify metabolites that showed significant differences between the normal, nominal, prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus groups. And various statistical analyzes were performed.

As a result, it was found that four kinds of metabolites were susceptible to type 2 diabetes. Serum metabolites C16 (Hexadecanoylcarnitine) and PCae C36: 0 (phophatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36: 0) were shown to have increased odds ratios of 1.97 and 1.62 in serum of diabetic group , And in the case of Glycine (Gly) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl C18: 2 (lysoPCa C18: 2), the OZ ratio in serum of the diabetic group was decreased to 0.54 and 0.51, respectively See Table 6). C16 and PCae C36: 0 have not been reported previously as diabetic and pre-diabetic-associated metabolites, and Gly and C18: 2 have been reported previously as diabetic and pre-diabetic-associated metabolites in Western populations, Was first identified as a serum metabolite that can be distinguished from the group or the pre - diabetic group. The selected metabolites increased diabetic predictability when used together with diabetic risk factors alone (see Figures 3A-3E).

In addition, the metabolite in the independent cohort was verified as a metabolite associated with diabetes in the case of C16, Gly, and lysoPCa C18: 2 (see Tables 7 and 8). As a result of the GWAS analysis, it was found that the above four metabolites were associated with 18 kinds of genetic loci. Among them, the genes including 7 kinds of genetic loci were previously identified as diabetes mellitus Obesity was reported to be related (Table 9).

Therefore, according to the results of the study, the serum metabolites C 16, PC ae C36: 0, Gly, and lysoPC a C18: 2 are the specific serum metabolites that change in the serum of the diabetic group compared to the normal group or the pre-diabetic group .

Therefore, in one aspect,

And a quantification device for a serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of C16, C16, PCae C36: 0, and combinations thereof.

The diabetes diagnostic kit according to the present invention may further comprise a quantitative device for a serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of glycine, lysoPC a C18: 2, and any combination thereof. Additional quantification of these serum metabolites allows a more consistent and reliable diagnosis of diabetes.

According to another aspect of the present invention,

A kit for quantifying serum metabolites selected from the group consisting of C16, C16, PCae C36: 0, glycine, lysoPCa C18: 2, and any combination thereof.

 As used herein, the term " serum metabolite " means a metabolite obtained from a liquid sample of blood origin. The liquid sample of blood origin is, for example, whole blood, plasma, or serum. In one embodiment, the liquid sample of the blood source is serum. The liquid sample of blood origin may be pretreated for the detection of serum metabolites and may include, for example, filtration, distillation, extraction, separation, concentration, inactivation of interfering components, addition of reagents and the like. In addition, the serum metabolites may include substances produced by metabolism and metabolism, or substances generated by chemical metabolism by biological enzymes and molecules.

As used herein, the term " diagnosing " is intended to include determining the susceptibility of an object to a particular disease or disorder, determining whether an object currently has a particular disease or disorder (e.g., Determining the prognosis of an object that has suffered a particular disease or disorder, or including therametrics (e.g., monitoring the status of an object to provide information about the therapeutic efficacy) do.

The term " type 2 diabetes " as used herein refers to diabetes that develops when insulin is secreted normally but insulin fails to function, and is also referred to as " adult type diabetes " or " non insulin dependent diabetes ". Type 2 diabetes occurs when a cell does not respond effectively to insulin produced in the pancreas, which is called insulin resistance. Patients with insulin resistance initially produce additional insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels, eventually leading to increased insulin resistance and insufficient pancreas to meet insulin requirements.

In one embodiment, the diabetes diagnostic kit according to any of the above aspects of the invention further comprises a quantitative device for biochemical factors selected from triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and any combination thereof . By further quantification of these biochemical factors, a more consistent and reliable diagnosis of diabetes is possible.

In one embodiment, the diabetes diagnostic kit according to any of the above aspects of the invention is a diabetic diagnostic kit capable of distinguishing diabetes from normal or pre-diabetes (prediabetes).

In one embodiment, the diabetes diagnosed by the diagnostic kit of the present invention is type 2 diabetes.

As used herein, the term " pre-diabetic " includes conditions in which blood glucose is higher than normal but additional information is needed until it is confirmed as diabetes. Most people go through a pre-diabetic process before being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Although elevated blood glucose levels in pre-diabetes are caused by insulin resistance problems, it is true that pre-diabetes does not automatically progress to diabetes, but it has a high risk of progressing to diabetes, and pre-diabetes is a risk factor for heart disease. Like people with type 2 diabetes, pre-diabetics tend to be overweight, have high blood pressure, and have abnormal levels of cholesterol.

In any of the above aspects of the present invention, the quantification device includes any device that can quantify the serum metabolite and can be used as a kit.

In one embodiment, the quantification device comprises a liquid chromatography (LC) and a mass spectrometer.

The chromatography can be carried out by liquid-solid chromatography (LSC), paper chromatography (PC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas-solid chromatography , GSC, Liquid-Liquid Chromatography (LLC), Foam Chromatography (FC), Emulsion Chromatography (EC), Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC) ), Ion Chromatography (IC), Gel Filtration Chromatography (GFC), or Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), but are not limited to, those commonly used in the art All quantitative chromatography can be used

The mass spectrometer can use any qualitative mass spectrometer commonly used in the art including but not limited to MALDI-TOF MS, Q-TOF MS, or Flow Injection-Mass Spectrometer (FIA MS) have. In one embodiment, the mass analyzer is a flow injection-mass spectrometer. The serum metabolites are separated from each other in liquid chromatography according to different mobility, and the constituent components can be identified through the elemental composition as well as accurate molecular weight information using the information obtained through the mass spectrometer. In a preferred embodiment, the quantification device comprises a liquid chromatography (LC) and a flow injection-mass spectrometer.

In one embodiment, the diabetes diagnostic kit according to any of the aspects of the invention exhibits an increased diabetic risk if the concentration of C16, PCae C36: 0, or a combination thereof in the sample is increased relative to the control.

In one embodiment, the diabetes diagnostic kit according to any of the above aspects of the invention exhibits an increased risk of diabetes when the concentration of glycine, lysoPCa C18: 2, or a combination thereof is reduced compared to a control.

In one embodiment, the diabetes diagnostic kit according to any of the above aspects of the invention is characterized in that the concentration of C16 and PCae C36: 0 in the sample is increased compared to the control, the concentration of glycine and lysoPCa C18: 2 is higher than that of the control And an increased risk of diabetes.

In one embodiment, the diabetes diagnostic kit according to any of the above aspects of the invention is characterized by an increase in an increase in biochemical factors selected from triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and any combination thereof, relative to a control Of diabetes.

As used herein, the term " increase (of serum metabolite concentration) " means that the serum metabolite concentration is significantly increased as compared with the control group (normal group), and for example, 30% or more, more specifically, % Or more.

As used herein, the term " reduction (of serum metabolite concentration) " means that the serum metabolite concentration is significantly reduced compared to the control group (normal group), for example, 30% or less, more specifically 40 % Or less.

As used herein, the term " increase (of biochemical factor) " means that the concentration of the biochemical factor is measurably increased as compared to the control (normal group).

In another aspect of the present invention,

Obtaining a sample comprising blood separated from a human; And

Measuring the concentration of a serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of C16, PCae C36: 0, and combinations thereof in the sample,

And determining that the measured concentration of the serum metabolite is higher than that of the sample of the control group.

How to provide the information needed to diagnose diabetes

Further comprising measuring the concentration of a serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of glycine, lysoPCa C18: 2, and any combination thereof in the sample,

If the measured serum metabolite concentration is lower than that of the control sample, it can be judged to be diabetes.

In another aspect of the present invention,

Obtaining a sample comprising blood separated from a human; And

Measuring the concentration of a serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of C16, PCae C36: 0, glycine, lysoPCa C18: 2, and any combination thereof in the sample,

Determining whether the measured concentration of C16 or PCae C36: 0 is higher than that of the control sample or the concentration of glycine or lysoPCa C18: 2 is decreased in the sample of the control group,

It provides a method for providing information necessary for the diagnosis of diabetes in Koreans.

The details of the method for providing the information necessary for the diagnosis of diabetes according to all the above aspects can be applied as the description of the oral solid preparation according to one aspect of the present invention as it is.

The method of providing information necessary for the diagnosis of diabetes according to all the above aspects further comprises the step of measuring a biochemical factor selected from triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and any combination thereof,

If the biochemical factor is increased compared to the control group, it can be judged to be diabetes.

In a method of providing information necessary for the diagnosis of diabetes according to all the above aspects, diabetes can be diagnosed by distinguishing it from a normal person or a pre-diabetic person.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, these embodiments are provided to aid understanding of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto in any sense.

Experimental Method

(1) Subjects

As a part of the Korean genome-wide epidemiology survey, the subjects of the present invention were divided into the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group based on the biochemical epidemiological data among 7,515 participants participating in the third and the third cohort projects of Anseong-Ansan cohort in 2005 and 2006, 924, 799 patients with pre - diabetes (Prediabetes, PD), and 517 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The criteria for diabetes classification were based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria for diabetes, listed in Table 1 below. The medical and ecological characteristics of the subjects in each group are shown in Table 2.

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

(2) Metabolism profiling

186 kinds of metabolites quantified by liquid chromatography (LC) and flow-injection analysis mass spectrometry (FIA-MS) using Biocrates Absolute IDQp180 kit from the selected 2,240 serum samples The sieves were quantitatively profiled.

(3) Genotype ping

Genotyping information for the selected 2,240 individuals was extracted from the genome information of 8,842 participants of the Anseong-Ansan Cohort-1 project based on the Affymetrix 5.0 GeneChip Array through the Korean genome analysis project in 2008 .

(4) Statistical analysis

The statistical significance was found to be P <4.07E-04 (multiple comparisons, alpha for 123 metabolites), and statistical significance using the linear regression method and the logistic regression method using IBM SPSS v20.0 = 0.05) were selected. The covariates included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in Model 1, Model 1 + triglycerides triglyceride, glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c, fasting glucose and fasting insulin were used as the model 2. In addition, the above results were verified through a random forest selection method. In addition, GWAS analysis was performed on Korean type 2 diabetes-specific selective metabolites (P <1.00E-05).

(5) Verification of metabolic results using independent cohorts

In order to verify the results of Korean specific type 2 diabetes-related metabolism using the Anseong-Ansan cohort, participants in the cohort of the Cooperative Health Reaearch in the Region of Augsburg (NGT = 518, PD = 699, T2D = 126), and the results were verified using the same method as above.

Experiment result

(1) Metabolism Profiling Result

A total of 186 metabolite profiling results were obtained for 2240 individuals. The results were 123 (1 total hexoses (H1), 12 acylcarnitines, 21 amino acids, 7 biological amines, 10 sphingomyelines, 32 diacyl (aa) phosphatidylcholines 32 acyl-alkyl (ae) PCs, and 8 lysoPCs) were screened. The selection criteria are as follows: First, the coefficient of variance of the 36 reference standard sample concentrations is <15% and the limit of detection frequency is> 50%. Second, it was determined that the detection limit frequency of metabolite quantitation was> 50% in the experimental sample group.

The results of 186 metabolism profiling for 2240 individuals are shown in Table 3.

# Abbreviation Biochemical name CV (%) > LOD (%) ^One > LOD (%) ² density Selection One C0 Carnitine 8.9 100.0 100 50.68 + - 10.61 use 2 C2 Acetylcarnitine 8.7 100.0 100.0 7.03 + - 2.49 use 3 C3 Propionylcarnitine 7.7 100.0 100.0 0.46 0.15 use 4 C3: 1 Propenoylcarnitine 52.5 0.0 20.0 0.02 ± 0.01 except 5 C3-OH Hydroxypropionylcarnitine 34.1 0.0 86.0 0.09 0.03 except 6 C4 Butyrylcarnitine 8.8 100.0 100.0 0.20 ± 0.08 use 7 C4: 1 Butenylcarnitine 28.0 2.8 33.3 0.03 ± 0.01 except 8 C3-DC (C4-OH) Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine 28.7 41.7 6.0 0.05 ± 0.03 except 9 C5 Valerylcarnitine 18.5 100.0 100.0 0.15 + 0.07 except 10 C5: 1 Tiglylcarnitine 42.4 2.8 59.3 0.04 0.01 except 11 C5: 1-DC Glutaconylcarnitine 26.6 5.6 76.0 0.02 ± 0.01 except 12 C5-DC (C6-OH) Glutarylcarnitine 23.6 30.6 4.5 0.02 ± 0.01 except 13 C5-M-DC Methylglutarylcarnitine 19.3 0.0 3.8 0.04 0.02 except 14 C5-OH (C3-DC-M) Hydroxyvalerylcarnitine 18.4 22.2 0.0 0.03 ± 0.01 except 15 C6 (C4: 1-DC) Hexanoylcarnitine 16.3 47.2 56.1 0.09 0.03 except 16 C6: 1 Hexenoylcarnitine 25.1 0.0 7.7 0.02 ± 0.01 except 17 C7-DC Pimelylcarnitine 12.1 55.6 58.2 0.04 0.02 use 18 C8 Octanoylcarnitine 9.0 100.0 26.9 0.15 + 0.08 except 19 C9 Nonaylcarnitine 30.8 0.0 8.8 0.03 ± 0.01 except 20 C10 Decanoylcarnitine 28.7 97.2 74.2 0.23 + - 0.12 except 21 C10: 1 Decenoylcarnitine 12.0 47.2 87.8 0.19 + 0.07 except 22 C10: 2 Decadienylcarnitine 13.6 47.2 56.8 0.04 0.01 except 23 C12 Dodecanoylcarnitine 13.8 69.4 91.5 0.10 ± 0.05 use 24 C12: 1 Dodecenoylcarnitine 15.0 0.0 6.9 0.12 ± 0.05 except 25 C12-DC Dodecanedioylcarnitine 27.3 0.0 0.0 0.05 ± 0.01 except 26 C14 Tetradecanoylcarnitine 12.8 22.2 92.7 0.05 ± 0.02 except 27 C14: 1 Tetradecenoylcarnitine 12.6 100.0 100.0 0.12 + 0.04 use 28 C14: 1-OH Hydroxytetradecenoylcarnitine 18.7 19.4 44.0 0.02 ± 0.01 except 29 C14: 2 Tetradecadienylcarnitine 14.6 100.0 99.0 0.04 0.02 use 30 C14: 2-OH Hydroxytetradecadienylcarnitine 29.5 16.7 14.8 0.01 ± 0.00 except 31 C16 Hexadecanoylcarnitine 11.4 100.0 100.0 0.15 + 0.06 use 32 C16: 1 Hexadecenoylcarnitine 11.6 0.0 16.7 0.05 ± 0.02 except 33 C16: 1-OH Hydroxyhexadecenoylcarnitine 22.8 2.8 3.5 0.01 ± 0.00 except 34 C16: 2 Hexadecadienylcarnitine 17.2 0.0 91.7 0.02 ± 0.01 except 35 C16: 2-OH Hydroxyhexadecadienylcarnitine 32.3 0.0 0.1 0.01 ± 0.00 except 36 C16-OH Hydroxyhexadecanoylcarnitine 34.3 2.8 0.4 0.01 ± 0.00 except 37 C18 Octadecanoylcarnitine 12.1 100.0 99.6 0.04 0.01 use 38 C18: 1 Octadecenoylcarnitine 10.6 97.2 100.0 0.16 ± 0.08 use 39 C18: 1-OH Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitine 43.4 0.0 0.1 0.01 ± 0.00 except 40 C18: 2 Octadecadienylcarnitine 11.8 100.0 100.0 0.10 0.06 use 41 Ala Alanine 8.5 100.0 100.0 502.48 ± 115.63 use 42 Arg Arginine 14.0 100.0 100.0 126.45 ± 35.83 use 43 Asn Asparagine 7.4 100.0 100.0 60.35 ± 12.66 use 44 Asp Aspartate 13.2 100.0 100.0 41.41 + - 15.45 use 45 Cit Citrulline 10.0 100.0 100.0 36.14 + 9.38 use 46 Gln Glutamine 10.1 100.0 100.0 545.77 ± 110.27 use 47 Glu Glutamate 13.0 100.0 100.0 170.52 + - 78.33 use 48 Gly Glycine 10.9 100.0 100.0 334.43 + - 83.01 use 49 His Histidine 9.9 100.0 100.0 92.87 ± 19.79 use 50 Ile Isoleucine 10.2 100.0 100.0 82.78 ± 19.08 use 51 Leu Leucine 11.1 100.0 100.0 174.61 + - 35.01 use 52 Lys Lysine 13.2 100.0 100.0 203.33 + - 43.61 use 53 Met Methionine 10.4 100.0 100.0 24.31 + - 6.57 use 54 Orn Ornithine 12.9 100.0 100.0 93.80 ± 32.17 use 55 Phe Phenylalanine 9.4 100.0 100.0 100.94 + 17.05 use 56 Pro Proline 8.4 100.0 100.0 166.54 ± 49.66 use 57 Ser Serine 11.1 100.0 100.0 178.58 + - 34.73 use 58 Thr Threonine 9.7 100.0 100.0 141.40 ± 33.04 use 59 Trp Tryptophan 10.6 100.0 100.0 62.47 ± 13.14 use 60 Tyr Tyrosine 9.4 100.0 100.0 70.99 + - 14.49 use 61 Val Valine 10.8 100.0 100.0 218.63 ± 40.83 use 62 Ac-Orn Acetylornithine 24.2 100.0 99.7 2.08 ± 1.36 except 63 ADMA Asymmetric dimethylarginine 18.5 95.7 99.6 0.59 + 0.18 except 64 SDMA Symmetric dimethylarginine 56.9 80.4 89.6 0.77 ± 0.37 except 65 total DMA Total dimethylarginine 26.0 100.0 100.0 1.00 + - 0.28 except 66 alpha-AAA alpha-Aminoadipic acid 25.9 100.0 92.8 0.96 + 0.73 except 67 Carnosine Carnosine - 0.0 0.0 0.09 0.21 except 68 Creatinine Creatinine 10.1 100.0 96.4 74.43 ± 24.28 use 69 Histamine Histamine 161.5 39.1 11.4 0.11 + - 0.14 except 70 Kynurenine Kynurenine 11.6 100.0 100.0 2.19 ± 0.65 use 71 Met-SO Methioninesulfoxide 41.6 100.0 99.6 1.05 + - 0.57 except 72 Nitro-Tyr Nitrotyrosine - 0.0 0.0 0.00 ± 0.00 except 73 OH-Pro Hydroxyproline - 0.0 3.7 15.65 ± 11.64 except 74 PEA Phenylethylamine - 0.0 0.0 0.00 ± 0.00 except 75 Putrescine Putrescine 13.1 100.0 91.7 0.09 0.06 use 76 Sarcosine Sarcosine 13.4 100.0 100.0 3.66 ± 15.48 use 77 Serotonin Serotonin 8.4 100.0 99.9 0.52 + - 0.24 use 78 Spermidine Spermidine 12.3 100.0 99.1 0.43 + 0.79 use 79 Spermine Spermine 19.5 95.7 96.2 0.21 ± 0.05 except 80 Taurine Taurine 8.5 100.0 100.0 162.97 + - 44.41 use 81 lysoPC a C14: 0 lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C14: 0 6.6 0.0 50.4 5.16 ± 1.29 except 82 lysoPC a C16: 0 lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C16: 0 9.2 100.0 100.0 268.26 + - 63.45 use 83 lysoPC a C16: 1 lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C16: 1 11.4 100.0 100.0 6.49 ± 2.23 use 84 LysoPC a C17: 0 lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C17: 0 10.6 100.0 100.0 3.56 + 1.04 use 85 LysoPC a C18: 0 lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C18: 0 9.8 100.0 100.0 75.62 ± 19.30 use 86 lysoPC a C18: 1 lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C18: 1 9.4 100.0 100.0 30.16 + - 9.45 use 87 lysoPC a C18: 2 lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C18: 2 8.9 100.0 100.0 30.80 ± 9.61 use 88 lysoPC a C20: 3 lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C20: 3 9.5 100.0 100.0 2.59 ± 0.99 use 89 lysoPC a C20: 4 lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C20: 4 9.7 100.0 100.0 7.97 + - 2.48 use 90 lysoPC a C24: 0 lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C24: 0 32.9 100.0 0.0 0.17 ± 0.10 except 91 LysoPC C26: 0 lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C26: 0 63.3 95.7 0.6 0.17 + 0.11 except 92 LysoPC C26: 1 lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C26: 1 63.4 84.8 0.0 0.08 ± 0.05 except 93 LysoPC a C28: 0 lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C28: 0 25.1 73.9 28.7 0.27 ± 0.11 except 94 lysoPC a C28: 1 lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C28: 1 32.9 100.0 100.0 0.30 0.10 except 95 PC aa C24: 0 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C24: 0 26.0 73.9 2.8 0.05 ± 0.02 except 96 PC aa C26: 0 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C26: 0 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.52 + 0.07 except 97 PC aa C28: 1 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C28: 1 9.6 100.0 100.0 2.19 ± 0.55 use 98 PC aa C30: 0 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C30: 0 9.6 100.0 100.0 3.10 ± 1.04 use 99 PC aa C30: 2 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C30: 2 142.6 50.0 49.0 0.07 ± 0.12 except 100 PC aa C32: 0 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C32: 0 9.5 100.0 100.0 14.01 + - 4.05 use 101 PC aa C32: 1 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C32: 1 12.0 100.0 100.0 13.42 ± 8.29 use 102 PC aa C32: 2 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C32: 2 25.4 100.0 99.8 2.42 ± 1.15 except 103 PC aa C32: 3 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C32: 3 13.2 100.0 100.0 0.42 + 0.13 use 104 PC aa C34: 1 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C34: 1 11.3 100.0 100.0 176.38 ± 58.91 use 105 PC aa C34: 2 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C34: 2 12.2 100.0 100.0 297.57 ± 75.36 use 106 PC aa C34: 3 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C34: 3 10.4 100.0 100.0 15.25 + - 6.94 use 107 PC aa C34: 4 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C34: 4 13.6 100.0 100.0 1.48 0.50 use 108 PC aa C36: 0 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36: 0 11.4 100.0 100.0 3.90 ± 1.27 use 109 PC aa C36: 1 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36: 1 12.5 100.0 100.0 42.30 ± 13.99 use 110 PC aa C36: 2 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36: 2 12.9 100.0 100.0 173.22 + - 44.20 use 111 PC aa C36: 3 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36: 3 9.3 100.0 100.0 99.80 ± 27.98 use 112 PC aa C36: 4 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36: 4 10.1 100.0 100.0 142.86 ± 36.56 use 113 PC aa C36: 5 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36: 5 11.4 100.0 100.0 44.79 ± 22.63 use 114 PC aa C36: 6 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36: 6 10.2 100.0 100.0 1,71 ± 0.66 use 115 PC aa C38: 0 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C38: 0 9.9 100.0 100.0 4.59 ± 1.42 use 116 PC aa C38: 1 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C38: 1 23.8 97.8 99.6 1.57 + - 0.70 except 117 PC aa C38: 3 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C38: 3 9.6 100.0 100.0 47.52 ± 13.25 use 118 PC aa C38: 4 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C38: 4 9.1 100.0 100.0 88.65 ± 23.50 use 119 PC aa C38: 5 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C38: 5 11.5 100.0 100.0 65.79 ± 20.90 use 120 PC aa C38: 6 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C38: 6 9.3 100.0 100.0 151.85 ± 44.11 use 121 PC aa C40: 1 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C40: 1 10.3 100.0 89.4 0.57 + 0.17 use 122 PC aa C40: 2 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C40: 2 14.3 100.0 100.0 0.41 + 0.14 use 123 PC aa C40: 3 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C40: 3 11.6 100.0 100.0 0.70 ± 0.19 use 124 PC aa C40: 4 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C40: 4 9.1 100.0 100.0 3.58 ± 1.18 use 125 PC aa C40: 5 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C40: 5 12.9 100.0 100.0 15.60 ± 6.23 use 126 PC aa C40: 6 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C40: 6 8.6 100.0 100.0 64.71 ± 21.06 use 127 PC aa C42: 0 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C42: 0 11.2 100.0 100.0 0.86 ± 0.26 use 128 PC aa C42: 1 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C42: 1 13.0 100.0 100.0 0.51 + - 0.14 use 129 PC aa C42: 2 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C42: 2 10.3 100.0 100.0 0.55 + 0.18 use 130 PC aa C42: 4 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C42: 4 15.1 100.0 100.0 0.21 ± 0.05 except 131 PC aa C42: 5 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C42: 5 15.0 100.0 100.0 0.55 0.20 use 132 PC aa C42: 6 Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C42: 6 9.0 97.8 100.0 0.91 ± 0.29 use 133 PC ae C30: 0 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C30: 0 12.0 100.0 98.0 0.27 ± 0.07 use 134 PC ae C30: 1 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C30: 1 55.4 95.7 87.1 0.11 + 0.08 except 135 PC ae C30: 2 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C30: 2 32.0 100.0 0.0 0.06 0.02 except 136 PC ae C32: 1 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C32: 1 12.0 100.0 100.0 2.47 ± 0.62 use 137 PC ae C32: 2 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C32: 2 11.5 100.0 100.0 0.70 ± 0.20 use 138 PC ae C34: 0 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C34: 0 11.2 100.0 100.0 1.24 ± 0.38 use 139 PC ae C34: 1 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C34: 1 12.5 100.0 100.0 6.04 1.51 use 140 PC ae C34: 2 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C34: 2 11.4 100.0 100.0 7.97 + - 2.38 use 141 PC ae C34: 3 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C34: 3 9.3 100.0 100.0 6.84 + 2.05 use 142 PC ae C36: 0 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36: 0 12.4 100.0 100.0 1.26 + - 0.49 use 143 PC ae C36: 1 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36: 1 13.0 100.0 100.0 5.34 ± 1.24 use 144 PC ae C36: 2 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36: 2 12.8 100.0 100.0 8.15 ± 2.21 use 145 PC ae C36: 3 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36: 3 9.4 100.0 100.0 5.76 + 1.59 use 146 PC ae C36: 4 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36: 4 9.0 100.0 100.0 13.51 + - 3.72 use 147 PC ae C36: 5 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36: 5 12.0 100.0 100.0 11.12 ± 3.13 use 148 PC ae C38: 0 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38: 0 9.0 100.0 100.0 3.35 ± 1.05 use 149 PC ae C38: 1 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38: 1 20.5 100.0 99.6 0.79 ± 0.35 except 150 PC ae C38: 2 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38: 2 21.9 100.0 100.0 1.46 ± 0.45 except 151 PC ae C38: 3 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38: 3 11.1 100.0 100.0 2.98 ± 0.68 use 152 PC ae C38: 4 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38: 4 8.4 100.0 100.0 8.30 ± 2.02 use 153 PC ae C38: 5 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38: 5 12.1 100.0 100.0 13.85 ± 3.30 use 154 PC ae C38: 6 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38: 6 9.2 100.0 100.0 10.00 ± 2.88 use 155 PC ae C40: 1 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C40: 1 9.6 100.0 100.0 1.66 + - 0.44 use 156 PC ae C40: 2 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C40: 2 10.4 100.0 100.0 1.71 + - 0.43 use 157 PC ae C40: 3 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C40: 3 10.6 100.0 100.0 0.97 + 0.21 use 158 PC ae C40: 4 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C40: 4 8.7 100.0 100.0 2.05 ± 0.49 use 159 PC ae C40: 5 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C40: 5 13.0 100.0 100.0 3.66 ± 0.97 use 160 PC ae C40: 6 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C40: 6 8.6 100.0 100.0 6.17 ± 1.70 use 161 PC ae C42: 0 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C42: 0 10.2 47.8 99.9 0.74 + 0.18 except 162 PC ae C42: 1 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C42: 1 12.8 100.0 100.0 0.39 + - 0.10 use 163 PC ae C42: 2 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C42: 2 10.0 100.0 100.0 0.74 ± 0.19 use 164 PC ae C42: 3 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C42: 3 10.9 100.0 100.0 0.93 + - 0.22 use 165 PC ae C42: 4 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C42: 4 11.0 100.0 100.0 0.79 + 0.21 use 166 PC ae C42: 5 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C42: 5 10.3 100.0 95.5 1.88 + - 0.40 use 167 PC ae C44: 3 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C44: 3 17.1 100.0 100.0 0.14 + 0.04 except 168 PC ae C44: 4 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C44: 4 12.1 100.0 100.0 0.37 + - 0.10 use 169 PC ae C44: 5 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C44: 5 12.6 100.0 100.0 1.43 + - 0.42 use 170 PC ae C44: 6 Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C44: 6 8.9 100.0 100.0 1.58 + - 0.46 use 171 SM (OH) C14: 1 Hydroxysphingomyeline C14: 1 10.3 100.0 100.0 4.33 ± 1.16 use 172 SM C16: 0 Sphingomyeline C16: 0 10.2 100.0 100.0 117.32 + - 23.19 use 173 SM C16: 1 Sphingomyeline C16: 1 9.6 100.0 100.0 16.80 ± 3.73 use 174 SM (OH) C16: 1 Hydroxysphingomyeline C16: 1 10.0 100.0 100.0 2.55 + - 0.70 use 175 SM C18: 0 Sphingomyeline C18: 0 10.8 100.0 100.0 20.56 + 5.02 use 176 SM C18: 1 Sphingomyeline C18: 1 10.0 100.0 100.0 10.46 ± 2.86 use 177 SM C20: 2 Sphingomyeline C20: 2 28.7 100.0 99.4 0.53 + - 0.15 except 178 SM C22: 3 Sphingomyeline C22: 3 309.4 43.5 17.6 0.11 ± 0.56 except 179 SM (OH) C22: 1 Hydroxysphingomyeline C22: 1 12.2 100.0 100.0 10.60 ± 2.81 use 180 SM (OH) C22: 2 Hydroxysphingomyeline C22: 2 12.1 100.0 100.0 8.76 ± 2.43 use 181 SM C24: 0 Sphingomyeline C24: 0 12.9 100.0 100.0 21.08 ± 4.73 use 182 SM C24: 1 Sphingomyeline C24: 1 11.5 100.0 100.0 51.53 + - 11.51 use 183 SM (OH) C24: 1 Hydroxysphingomyeline C24: 1 16.4 100.0 100.0 1.09 0.30 except 184 SM C26: 0 Sphingomyeline C26: 0 30.8 100.0 98.9 0.15 + 0.06 except 185 SM C26: 1 Sphingomyeline C26: 1 19.9 100.0 100.0 0.50 ± 0.18 except 186 H1 Hexose 8.3 100.0 100.0 5275 ± 1422.77 use

CV (%); 36 repeated reference standard norms Coefficient of variation of sample concentration value (more than 15% removed),

> LOD (%) 2: The lowest limit detection frequency (removed less than 50%) in 2240 samples,

density; The average detection value of 2240 samples,

Selection: whether the three filter criteria are met and used for statistical analysis

(2) Statistical analysis results

The linear regression method and the logistic regression method were used for the 123 metabolites in 924 normal (NGT), 799 pre-diabetic (PD), and 517 diabetic (T2D) ) Were performed. First, 22 metabolites affecting changes in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were selected for linear regression analysis (Table 4). Logistic regression analysis was used to select 37 metabolites that best distinguish the three groups associated with diabetes (Table 5). (C16, PCae C36: 0, glycine, and lysoPCa C18: 2), which were statistically significant between the normal group and the type 2 diabetic group, the total diabetic group and the type 2 diabetic group, (P <4.07E-04) (Figure 1 and Table 6). In an additional random forest method, C16, glycine, and lysoPCa C18: 2 were found to best distinguish these groups (Fig. 2). (CI, 1.51-2.57) and 1.62 (CI, 1.25-2.08), respectively, in type 2 diabetes compared to the normal group, while those of C16 and PC ae C36: And lysoPC a C18: 2 were decreased to 0.54 (CI, 0.40-0.71) and 0.51 (CI, 0.38-0.68), respectively (Table 6).

[Table 4]

[Table 5]

[Table 6]

(3) Independent In the cohort  singularity Metabolism  Verification Result

We conducted a validation analysis of the Korean specific type 2 diabetes-associated metabolites from the Anseong-Ansan cohort using an independent German KORA cohort. The results showed that C16, glycine, and lysoPCa C18: 2 were closely related to oral glucose tolerance, an index of type 2 diabetes mellitus (P <0.05), and logistic regression analysis showed glycine and lysoPC a C18 : 2 showed statistically significant differences between diabetic groups (Table 7 & 8). As a result, C16, glycine, and lysoPCa C18: 2 were identified as diabetic-related metabolites in two independent cohorts.

[Table 7]

[Table 8]

(4) Metabolism  Prediction of diabetes using diabetes risk factors

In order to examine the effect of the selected metabolites on the prediction of diabetes, two models including diabetes risk factors (Model 1: age, sex, body mass index, Compared with high density lipoprotein (HDL), model 2: model 1 + triglyceride, glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c, fasting glucose and fasting insulin, Was performed through ROC (Receiver-Operating Characteristic) analysis to calculate Area Under Curve (AUC) (FIG. 3). FIG. 3A shows that the diabetic predictive ratio is increased when four kinds of metabolite information are included in the diabetic group and the normal group than the diabetic predictive ratio by the models 1 and 2 including the conventional diabetic risk factors. . FIG. 3b shows the predictive value of diabetes by metabolites and risk factors in the diabetic group and the non-diabetic group (normal group + pre-diabetic group), FIG. 3c shows the predictive value of the total diabetic ratio by the metabolites and the risk factors in the pre- Figure 3d shows the predictive value of diabetes mellitus including diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus by the metabolic and risk factors in the abnormal group (pre-diabetic group + diabetic group) Diabetes prediction rate. As a result, when the serum metabolite and the model 1 were used as the predictors of diabetes mellitus in FIG. 3, the predictive value between the diabetic group and the normal group was increased by 14.5% (AUC = 0.709 to 0.854) , The predictive value between diabetic group and normal group increased by 1.6% (AUC = 0.961 to 0.977) when compared with that of using only model 2 as a risk factor when diabetic risk factor was used together with metabolite. In Figure 3E, the predictive value of diabetic and pre-diabetic groups increased by 13.4% (AUC = 0.641 to 0.775) when both metabolism and model 1 were used as predictors of diabetes mellitus. Predictability increased by 3.30% (AUC = 0.859 to 0.892). As shown in FIG. 3A, the increase in the predictive value when the metabolite was included was observed in the diabetic group and the non-diabetic group (normal + pre-diabetic group, FIG. 3b), the pre-diabetic group and normal group (Diabetic group + pre-diabetic group) and normal group (figure 3d). As a result, these metabolites can be used as an important index in predicting pre-diabetes as well as diabetes.

(5) Metabolite GWAS  analysis

In order to clarify the relationship between the genetic loci of diabetes mellitus and the metabolites of diabetes mellitus, it was confirmed that the four types of diabetes mellitus related metabolites were associated with 18 genetic loci , And genes including seven genetic loci were previously reported to be associated with diabetes or obesity (Table 9).

[Table 9]

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that such specific embodiments are merely preferred embodiments and that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. something to do. It is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents.

Claims (17)

C16, PC ae C36: 0, and combinations thereof. The diabetes diagnostic kit of claim 1, further comprising a quantification device for a serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of glycine, lysoPCa C18: 2, and combinations thereof. Wherein the kit comprises a quantification device for a serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of C16, PCae C36: 0, glycine, lysoPCa C18: 2, and any combination thereof. 4. The diabetes diagnostic kit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a quantification device for biochemical factors selected from triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and any combination thereof. 4. The diabetes diagnostic kit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the diabetic can be distinguished from a normal person or a pre-diabetic person. The diabetes diagnostic kit according to claim 5, wherein the diabetes is type 2 diabetes. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the quantification device comprises liquid chromatography (LC) and flow-injection analysis mass spectrometer (FIA-MS) Diagnostic Kit. 4. The diabetic diagnostic kit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dosing device exhibits an increased diabetic risk when the concentration of C16, PCae C36: 0, or a combination thereof is increased as compared to a control, . 4. The diabetes diagnostic kit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the quantification device exhibits an increased diabetic risk when the concentration of glycine, lysoPCa C18: 2, or a combination thereof is reduced in the control. 5. The diabetes diagnostic kit according to claim 4, wherein the diabetic risk is increased when the biochemical factor is increased as compared with the control. Obtaining a sample comprising blood separated from a human; And
Measuring the concentration of a serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of C16, PCae C36: 0, and combinations thereof in the sample,
And determining that the measured concentration of the serum metabolite is higher than that of the sample of the control group. 12. The method of claim 11,
Measuring the concentration of a serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of glycine, lysoPCa C18: 2, and combinations thereof in the sample,
And determining that the measured concentration of the serum metabolite is lower than that of the sample of the control group. Obtaining a sample comprising blood separated from a human; And
Measuring the concentration of a serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of C16, PCae C36: 0, glycine, lysoPCa C18: 2, and any combination thereof in the sample,
Determining whether the measured concentration of C16 or PCae C36: 0 is higher than that of the control sample or the concentration of glycine or lysoPCa C18: 2 is decreased in the sample of the control group,
A method of providing information necessary for the diagnosis of diabetes in Koreans. 14. The method according to one of claims 11 to 13,
The method further comprises the step of measuring biochemical factors selected from triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and any combination thereof,
And the diabetic condition is judged to be diabetic when the biochemical factor is increased as compared to the control group.
A method for providing information necessary for the diagnosis of diabetes. 14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein diabetes can be distinguished from normal persons or pre-diabetes, and information necessary for diagnosis of diabetes is provided. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the diabetes is type 2 diabetes. 14. The method according to one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the step of measuring the concentration of the metabolite is performed by liquid chromatography (LC) and flow-injection analysis mass spectrometry (FIA-MS) The method comprising the steps of:

Images