KR20170061022A - Composition for forming electrode, electrode manufactured using the same and solar cell - Google Patents

Abstract

Conductive powder; Glass frit cellulose based polymer; (Meth) acrylic polymers, and combinations thereof; A compound containing two or more cyclic ether group-containing heat-crosslinkable functional groups at the terminal and containing two or more aromatic rings; And a solvent.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a composition for forming an electrode, and an electrode and a solar cell produced therefrom. BACKGROUND ART [0002]

A composition for forming electrodes, an electrode made therefrom, and a solar cell.

Solar cells generate electrical energy by using photoelectric effect of pn junction that converts photon of sunlight into electricity. Solar cells are formed with front electrodes and rear electrodes on the upper and lower surfaces of a semiconductor substrate (semiconductor wafer) on which pn junctions are formed. The photovoltaic effect of the pn junction is induced by the solar light incident on the substrate of the solar cell, and the electrons generated from the pn junction provide a current flowing to the outside through the electrode.

The electrode of such a solar cell can be formed in a predetermined pattern on the surface of the substrate by applying, patterning and firing the composition for electrode formation.

In order to improve the conversion efficiency of the solar cell, the contact resistance (R _c ) and the series resistance (R _s ) can be minimized by improving the contact property with the substrate, or the line width of the screen mask a fine line is formed to increase the short-circuit current I _sc . However, a method of reducing the line width of the electrode pattern using a screen mask may cause an increase in the series resistance (R _s ) and may deteriorate the continuous printability of the fine pattern.

The composition for electrode formation uses an organic vehicle to impart viscosity and rheological properties suitable for printing, and the organic vehicle may typically include an organic binder, a solvent, and the like.

In order to improve dispersibility and storage stability, the content of the organic binder may be increased or a high molecular weight organic binder may be used.

When the content of the organic binder is increased, the resistance of the electrode may be increased. If a high molecular weight organic binder is used, the viscosity may increase even at a high shear rate, causing tailing and printing failure. .

One embodiment provides a composition for forming an electrode capable of forming a fine pattern of high resolution, excellent in printing characteristics, and excellent in dispersibility and storage stability.

Another embodiment provides an electrode made of the electrode forming composition.

Another embodiment provides a solar cell comprising the electrode.

According to one embodiment, a conductive powder; Glass frit; An organic binder selected from cellulose-based polymers, (meth) acrylic polymers, and combinations thereof; A compound containing two or more cyclic ether group-containing heat-crosslinkable functional groups at the terminal and containing two or more aromatic rings; And a solvent.

The compound may be represented by the following general formula (1).

[Chemical Formula 1]

In Formula 1,

Ar is a C10 to C50 aromatic group containing two or more aromatic rings,

X ¹ and X ² are each independently a cyclic ether group-containing heat-crosslinkable functional group,

n + m is an integer of 2 or more.

The cyclic ether group-containing thermally crosslinkable functional groups (X ¹ and X ² ) may be represented by the following formula (1A).

≪ EMI ID =

* -Y (CR ^a R ^b ) _a R ^x

In the above formula (1A)

Y is selected from -O-, -N ( ^Rc ) -, -C (= O) -, -C (= O) O- and -OC

R ^a , R ^b and R ^c are each independently hydrogen or a methyl group,

R ^x is a cyclic ether group,

a is an integer of 0 to 10;

The cyclic ether group may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted furanyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxetanyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted epoxy group.

The compound may be represented by the following general formula (2).

(2)

In Formula 2,

R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, An unsubstituted C3 to C30 heteroaryl group,

Optionally, R ¹ and R ² may be connected together to form a spiro structure,

X ¹ and X ² are each independently a cyclic ether group-containing heat-crosslinkable functional group,

p and q are each independently an integer of 0 to 4

n is an integer of 1 to 4,

m is an integer of 1 to 4,

n + m is an integer of 2 or more.

The compound may be represented by the following general formula (3).

(3)

In Formula 3,

R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁶ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, An unsubstituted C3 to C30 heteroaryl group,

X ¹ and X ² are each independently a cyclic ether group-containing heat-crosslinkable functional group,

p, q, r and s are each independently an integer of 0 to 4

n is an integer of 1 to 4,

m is an integer of 1 to 4,

n + m is an integer of 2 or more.

The compound may be used in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic binder.

Wherein the composition for electrode formation comprises 60 to 95% by weight of a conductive powder; 0.5 to 20% by weight of glass frit; 0.01 to 5% by weight of a compound containing at least two cyclic ether group-containing thermally crosslinkable functional groups at the end of 1 to 20% by weight of an organic binder and containing two or more aromatic rings; And a minor amount of solvent.

The glass frit may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Pb, Tell, Bi, Li, P, Ge, (Si), Zn (Zn), W, Mg, Cs, Sr, Mo, Ti, (V), Ba, Ni, Cu, Na, K, As, Cob, Zr, Mn and Aluminum (Al), and the like.

The solvent may be selected from the group consisting of methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butylcellosolve, aliphatic alcohol,? -Terpineol,? -Terpineol, At least one selected from the group consisting of dihydro-terpineol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol mono butyl ether, butyl cellosolve acetate and Texanol. One can be included.

The composition for electrode formation may further include at least one additive selected from a surface treatment agent, a dispersant, a thixotropic agent, a viscosity stabilizer, a plasticizer, a defoamer, a pigment, a UV stabilizer, an antioxidant and a coupling agent.

Another embodiment provides an electrode made of the electrode forming composition.

Another embodiment provides a solar cell comprising the electrode.

The composition for electrode formation is capable of forming a fine pattern with high resolution, excellent in printing property, and excellent in dispersibility and storage stability.

1 is a schematic view briefly showing a structure of a solar cell according to one embodiment.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

In the drawings, the thickness is enlarged to clearly represent the layers and regions. Like parts are designated with like reference numerals throughout the specification. It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region, plate, or the like is referred to as being "on" another portion, it includes not only the element directly over another element, Conversely, when a part is "directly over" another part, it means that there is no other part in the middle.

Unless otherwise specified herein, "substituted" means that at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen (F, Cl, Br or I), a hydroxy group, a C1 to C20 alkoxy group, a nitro group, a cyano group, An ester group, an ether group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1 to C4 alkyl group, C20 alkenyl group, C2 to C20 alkynyl group, C6 to C30 aryl group, C3 to C20 cycloalkyl group, C3 to C20 cycloalkenyl group, C3 to C20 cycloalkynyl group, C2 to C20 alkynyl group, C20 heterocycloalkyl group, C2 to C20 heterocycloalkenyl group, C2 to C20 heterocycloalkynyl group, C3 to C30 heteroaryl group, or a combination thereof. The.

Also, unless otherwise specified herein, "hetero" means that at least one heteroatom of N, O, S and P is included in the ring group.

In the present specification, the (meth) acrylic polymer means an acrylic polymer or a methacrylic polymer.

The composition for electrode formation according to one embodiment includes conductive powder; Glass frit; An organic binder selected from cellulose-based polymers, (meth) acrylic polymers, and combinations thereof; A compound containing two or more cyclic ether group-containing heat-crosslinkable functional groups at the terminal and containing two or more aromatic rings; And a solvent.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The electrode forming composition may use a metal powder as the conductive powder. The metal powder may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir, (Ti), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn) May include at least one metal selected from Y, Co, Zr, Fe, W, Sn, Cr, and Mn, But is not limited thereto.

The conductive powder may be a powder having a particle size of nano size or micro size, for example, a conductive powder having a size of several tens to several hundreds of nanometers, a conductive powder of several to several tens of micrometers, Conductive powder may be mixed and used.

The conductive powder may have a spherical shape, a plate shape, or an amorphous shape. The average particle diameter (D50) of the conductive powder is preferably 0.1 占 퐉 to 10 占 퐉, and more preferably 0.5 占 퐉 to 5 占 퐉. The average particle diameter was measured using a 1064LD model manufactured by CILAS after dispersing the conductive powder in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) at room temperature (20 to 25 ° C) for 3 minutes using ultrasonic waves. Within this range, the contact resistance and line resistance can be lowered.

The conductive powder may be contained in an amount of 60 to 95% by weight based on 100% by weight of the total amount of the electrode forming composition. In this range, it is possible to prevent the conversion efficiency from being lowered by increasing the resistance, and to prevent the paste from becoming difficult due to the relative reduction in the amount of the organic vehicle. Preferably 70 to 90% by weight.

The glass frit is produced by etching the antireflection film during the firing process of the electrode forming composition to melt the conductive powder particles to produce metal crystal grains of conductive powder in the emitter region so that the resistance can be lowered, The adhesion between the conductive powder and the wafer is improved, and softening at the time of sintering induces an effect of lowering the firing temperature.

Increasing the area of the solar cell in order to increase the efficiency of the solar cell may increase the contact resistance of the solar cell. Therefore, the damage to the pn junction should be minimized and the series resistance should be minimized. In addition, since the variation range of the firing temperature increases with the increase of the substrates having various sheet resistances, it is preferable to use the glass frit which can secure sufficient thermal stability even at a wide firing temperature.

The glass frit may be typically at least one of a flexible glass frit and a lead-free glass frit used in an electrode-forming composition.

The glass frit may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Pb, Tell, Bi, Li, P, Ge, (Si), Zn (Zn), W, Mg, Cs, Sr, Mo, Ti, (V), Ba, Ni, Cu, Na, K, As, Cob, Zr, Mn and Aluminum (Al), and the like.

The glass frit may be derived from an oxide of the metallic element described above using conventional methods. For example, it can be obtained by melting the mixture prepared by mixing the oxides of the metal elements in a specific composition, followed by quenching and then pulverizing the mixture. The mixing process may be performed using a ball mill or a planetary mill. The melting process may be performed at a temperature of 700 ° C to 1300 ° C, and the quenching process may be performed at room temperature (20 ° C to 25 ° C). The pulverization process may be performed by a disk mill, a planetary mill or the like, but is not limited thereto.

The glass frit may have an average particle diameter (D50) of 0.1 탆 to 10 탆, and may be contained in an amount of 0.5 to 20% by weight based on 100% by weight of the total amount of the electrode forming composition. Within the above range, the adhesion strength of the electrode can be improved within a range that does not impair the electrical characteristics of the electrode.

The shape of the glass frit may be spherical or amorphous. In one embodiment, two types of glass frit having different transition temperatures may be used. For example, a first glass frit having a transition temperature of 200 ° C or higher and 350 ° C or lower and a second glass frit having a transition temperature of 350 ° C or higher and 550 ° C or lower may be mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 0.2 to 1: 1.

The composition for electrode formation may include a polymer selected from a cellulose-based polymer, a (meth) acrylic polymer, and a combination thereof as an organic binder. Examples of the solvent include ethylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, nitrocellulose, a mixture of ethylcellulose and a phenol resin, an alkyd resin, a phenol resin, an acrylic ester resin, a xylene resin, a polybutene resin, A urea resin, a melamine resin, a vinyl acetate resin, a wood rosin, and an alcohol polymethacrylate.

The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the organic binder resin may be 30,000 to 200,000 g / mol, and preferably 40,000 to 150,000 g / mol. When the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is within the above range, an excellent effect can be obtained in view of printability.

The composition for electrode formation includes a compound containing two or more cyclic ether group-containing thermally crosslinkable functional groups at the terminal and containing two or more aromatic rings as an additive.

The compound interacts with hydroxyl groups or amine groups present in the organic binder or amine groups present in the surface treatment agent of the conductive powder to improve dispersibility, storage stability, and printability of the composition for electrode formation.

Further, when the composition for electrode formation is applied, the ring structure of the cyclic ether group of the cyclic ether group-containing heat-crosslinkable functional group is opened at a temperature of about 300 캜 or higher during the subsequent step of drying or firing, ) Acrylate group or an electroconductive powder, it is possible to reduce the line width of the applied electrode pattern and increase the aspect ratio, thereby improving the efficiency of the device.

The compound may be represented by the following general formula (1).

[Chemical Formula 1]

In Formula 1,

Ar is a C10 to C50 aromatic group containing two or more aromatic rings,

X ¹ and X ² are each independently a cyclic ether group-containing heat-crosslinkable functional group,

n + m is an integer of 2 or more.

The compound is a C10 to C50 aromatic group (Ar) containing two or more aromatic rings and may have a high pyrolysis temperature. When Ar is an aromatic group containing an aromatic ring having less than 10 carbon atoms, a sufficient thermal decomposition temperature can not be obtained and desired heat resistance characteristics can not be obtained. When Ar is an aromatic group containing an aromatic ring having more than 50 carbon atoms, the solubility may be lowered.

The cyclic ether group-containing thermally cross-linkable functional groups (X ¹ and X ² ) of the cyclic ether group-containing thermocrosslinkable functional groups (X ¹ and X ² ) may be represented by the following formula (1A).

≪ EMI ID =

* -Y (CR ^a R ^b ) _a R ^x

In the above formula (1A)

Y is selected from -O-, -N ( ^Rc ) -, -C (= O) -, -C (= O) O- and -OC

R ^a , R ^b and R ^c are each independently hydrogen or a methyl group,

R ^x is a cyclic ether group,

a is an integer of 0 to 10;

The cyclic ether group may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted furanyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxetanyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted epoxy group.

The aromatic ring means a 5-membered or 6-membered conjugation ring and may contain N, O or S hetero elements. The aromatic group may have a structure in which two or more aromatic rings are fused or a structure linked by a linker. If the aromatic group has a conjugated structure as a whole, the alicyclic ring may have a fused structure. The Linker is a single bond, C1 to C10 alkylene group, or at least one methylene group O, S, C (= O), C (= O) O, S (= O) or S (= O) is replaced by ₂ A C1 to C10 alkylene group.

The compound may be represented by the following general formula (2).

(2)

In Formula 2,

R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, An unsubstituted C3 to C30 heteroaryl group,

Optionally, R ¹ and R ² may be connected together to form a spiro structure,

X ¹ and X ² are each independently a cyclic ether group-containing heat-crosslinkable functional group,

p and q are each independently an integer of 0 to 4

n is an integer of 1 to 4,

m is an integer of 1 to 4,

n + m is an integer of 2 or more.

For example, R ¹ and R ² may be connected to each other to provide a fluorene structure to provide a compound of formula

(3)

In Formula 3,

R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁶ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, An unsubstituted C3 to C30 heteroaryl group,

X ¹ and X ² are each independently a cyclic ether group-containing heat-crosslinkable functional group,

p, q, r and s are each independently an integer of 0 to 4

n is an integer of 1 to 4,

m is an integer of 1 to 4,

n + m is an integer of 2 or more.

In Formulas (2) and (3), the cyclic ether group-containing thermocrosslinkable functional groups (X ¹ and X ² ) are the same as in Formula (1).

The compound may be contained in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic binder. The dispersibility, storage stability, and printability of the composition for electrode formation can be further improved in the above range.

Wherein the composition for electrode formation comprises 60 to 95% by weight of a conductive powder; 0.5 to 20% by weight of glass frit; 1 to 20% by weight of an organic binder; From 0.01 to 5% by weight of a compound containing at least two cyclic ether group-containing thermally crosslinkable functional groups at the end and containing two or more aromatic rings; And a minor amount of solvent. It is possible to obtain an appropriate viscosity of the electrode forming composition within the above range and to prevent the adhesion strength with the substrate from being lowered and the decomposition of the organic binder during firing is not smoothly carried out and the resistance is increased and the electrodes are cracked, Can be prevented.

Examples of the solvent include those having a boiling point of 100 ° C or higher, such as methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butylcellosolve, aliphatic alcohol, terpineol ), β-terpineol, dihydro-terpineol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol mono butyl ether, butyl cellosolve acetate, Texanol, etc. may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The solvent may be contained in an amount remaining in the composition for forming an electrode, specifically, 1 to 30% by weight based on 100% by weight of the total amount of the electrode forming composition. Within this range, sufficient adhesive strength and excellent printability can be ensured.

The composition for electrode formation may further comprise a thermosetting agent. As the thermosetting agent, azoisobutyronitrile and the like can be used. The heat curing agent may be used in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the composition.

In addition to the above-described components, the composition for electrode formation may further include conventional additives as needed in order to improve flow characteristics, process characteristics, and stability. The additive may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more thereof, for example, a surface treatment agent, a dispersant, a thixotropic agent, a viscosity stabilizer, a plasticizer, a defoamer, a pigment, a UV stabilizer, an antioxidant and a coupling agent.

These may be contained in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on 100% by weight of the total amount of the composition for electrode formation, but the content can be changed as necessary. The content of the additive may be selected in consideration of the printing property, dispersibility, and storage stability of the electrode-forming composition.

According to another embodiment, there is provided an electrode formed from the electrode forming composition.

According to another embodiment, there is provided a solar cell including the electrode.

A solar cell according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

1 is a schematic view briefly showing a structure of a solar cell according to one embodiment.

1, a composition for electrode formation is printed and fired on a substrate 100 including a p-layer (or n-layer) 101 and an n-layer (or p-layer) The electrode 210 and the front electrode 230 may be formed. For example, the electrode forming composition may be printed on the back surface of the substrate and then dried at a temperature of about 200 캜 to 400 캜 for about 10 to 60 seconds to perform a preliminary preparation step for the back electrode. In the drying step, the ring structure of the thermally crosslinkable functional group of the compound contained in the electrode forming composition is opened to form a bridge with the amine group present in the hydroxyl group of the organic binder or the surface treatment agent of the (meth) acrylate group or the conductive powder can do.

In addition, a preparation step for the front electrode can be performed by printing a composition for electrode formation on the entire surface of the substrate and then drying. Thereafter, the front electrode and the rear electrode may be formed by performing a firing process at 400 ° C to 980 ° C, preferably 700 ° C to 980 ° C for about 30 seconds to 210 seconds.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but these examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Composition for electrode formation

≪ Example 1 >

2.3% by weight of ethyl cellulose (Dow chemical, STD4) as an organic binder and 2 or more aromatic ring-containing compounds having two or more cyclic ether group-containing thermally cross-linkable functional groups at the terminals and containing two epoxy rings and two aromatic rings 0.2% by weight of an aromatic epoxy compound (EPPN-501 HY, Powder Nippon Co., Ltd.) having an average particle diameter of 5.0 μm or more was dissolved in 7.0% by weight of butyl carbitol acetate (BCA) as a solvent at 50 ° C., 3.0% by weight of a low-melting point flexible glass (Flexible Glass, particle size distribution, CI-124) having 87.0% by weight of silver powder (Dowa Hightech Co., Ltd., 5-8F), an average particle diameter of 1.0 탆 and a transition point of 341 캜, , 0.2 wt% of dispersant BYK-102 (BYK-chemie) and 0.3 wt% of Thixatrol ST (Elementis co.) As additives were mixed and dispersed with a 3 roll kneader to prepare a composition for forming a solar cell electrode.

≪ Example 2 >

A composition for forming a solar cell electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that YDCN-500-4P (O-Cresol Novolac Epoxy, Kukdo chemical) was used instead of EPPN-501HY in Example 1.

≪ Comparative Example 1 &

A composition for forming a solar cell electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Resolcinol diglycidyl ether (Sigma-Aldrich) was used instead of EPPN-501 HY in Example 1.

≪ Comparative Example 2 &

(2 - [(1-naphthyloxy) methyl] oxirane, which is an aromatic epoxy compound having two epoxy rings and two aromatic rings instead of EPPN-501 HY in Example 1, The composition for forming a solar cell electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1,

≪ Comparative Example 3 &

Except that a compound containing two or more cyclic ether group-containing heat-crosslinkable functional groups at the end and containing no more than two aromatic rings was used and 2.5% by weight of ethyl cellulose (Dow chemical, STD4) was used A composition for forming a solar cell electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

[Property evaluation method]

(1) Evaluation of fine pattern: The prepared composition for forming a solar cell electrode was screen-printed on the entire surface of a polyP type silicon wafer (surface resistance: 90?) Using a screen mask to print an electrode pattern and dried using an infrared drying furnace . Thereafter, a composition for forming an electrode containing aluminum was printed on the rear surface of the wafer by back printing and then dried by the same method. The cells thus formed were fired at 400 to 950 ° C. for 30 seconds to 50 seconds using a belt-type firing furnace. In order to check whether the electrodes were cut off, a line open (MV tech) The line width and thickness of the electrode line were measured using a VK instrument (KEYENCE VK9710). The results are shown in Table 1 below.

* Screen mask: SUS325 type / Emulsion Thickness 15㎛ / finger bar Line width 35㎛, Number of finger bars 90

Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Line width after firing (탆) 62 64 72 76 75 Thickness after firing (탆) 24 23 22 20 19 Aspect ratio (thickness / line width) 0.39 0.36 0.31 0.26 0.25

Referring to Table 1, the compositions for forming solar cell electrodes in Examples 1 and 2 using two epoxy groups and an aromatic epoxy compound having two or more aromatic rings of the present invention were compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 3 The contrast aspect ratio is excellent and it is possible to realize the fine line width.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (13)

Conductive powder;
Glass frit;
An organic binder selected from cellulose-based polymers, (meth) acrylic polymers, and combinations thereof;
A compound containing two or more cyclic ether group-containing heat-crosslinkable functional groups at the terminal and containing two or more aromatic rings; And
menstruum;
Wherein the composition for forming an electrode comprises: The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the compound is represented by the following Formula 1:
[Chemical Formula 1]

In Formula 1,
Ar is a C10 to C50 aromatic group containing two or more aromatic rings,
X ¹ and X ² are each independently a cyclic ether group-containing heat-crosslinkable functional group,
n + m is an integer of 2 or more. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the cyclic ether group-containing thermocrosslinkable functional groups (X ¹ and X ² ) are represented by the following formula (1A):
≪ EMI ID =
* -Y (CR ^a R ^b ) _a R ^x
In the above formula (1A)
Y is selected from -O-, -N ( ^Rc ) -, -C (= O) -, -C (= O) O- and -OC
R ^a , R ^b and R ^c are each independently hydrogen or a methyl group,
R ^x is a cyclic ether group,
a is an integer of 0 to 10; The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the cyclic ether group is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted furanyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxetanyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted epoxy group. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the compound is represented by the following Formula 2:
(2)

In Formula 2,
R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, An unsubstituted C3 to C30 heteroaryl group,
Optionally, R ¹ and R ² may be connected together to form a spiro structure,
X ¹ and X ² are each independently a cyclic ether group-containing heat-crosslinkable functional group,
p and q are each independently an integer of 0 to 4
n is an integer of 1 to 4,
m is an integer of 1 to 4,
n + m is an integer of 2 or more. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the compound is represented by the following Formula 3:
(3)

In Formula 3,
R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁶ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, An unsubstituted C3 to C30 heteroaryl group,
X ¹ and X ² are each independently a cyclic ether group-containing heat-crosslinkable functional group,
p, q, r and s are each independently an integer of 0 to 4
n is an integer of 1 to 4,
m is an integer of 1 to 4,
n + m is an integer of 2 or more. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the compound is present in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic binder. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the composition for electrode formation comprises 60 to 95% by weight of a conductive powder; 0.5 to 20% by weight of glass frit; 1 to 20% by weight of an organic binder; From 0.01 to 5% by weight of a compound containing at least two cyclic ether group-containing thermally crosslinkable functional groups at the end and containing two or more aromatic rings; And a solvent in a remaining amount. The method according to claim 1,
The glass frit may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Pb, Tell, Bi, Li, P, Ge, (Si), Zn (Zn), W, Mg, Cs, Sr, Mo, Ti, (V), Ba, Ni, Cu, Na, K, As, Cob, Zr, Mn and And at least one metal element selected from aluminum (Al). The method according to claim 1,
The solvent may be selected from the group consisting of methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butylcellosolve, aliphatic alcohol,? -Terpineol,? -Terpineol, At least one selected from the group consisting of dihydro-terpineol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol mono butyl ether, butyl cellosolve acetate and Texanol, By weight based on the total weight of the composition. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the composition for electrode formation further comprises at least one additive selected from a surface treatment agent, a dispersant, a thixotropic agent, a viscosity stabilizer, a plasticizer, a defoamer, a pigment, an ultraviolet stabilizer, an antioxidant and a coupling agent. An electrode made of the composition for electrode formation according to any one of claims 1 to 11. 13. A solar cell comprising an electrode according to claim 12.

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