KR20160136240A - A multi-part, manifold and method of making the manifold - Google Patents

Abstract

A manifold is provided. The manifold comprises: a first body which has an outer surface; a second body which has an inner surface corresponding to the outer surface of the first body; and a groove which is formed on one or two of the outer surface and the inner surface, wherein the first body is inserted into the second body such that the outer surface comes in contact with the inner surface, a dimension of the groove is determined such that the groove forms a fluid passage between the first body and the second body, and the fluid passage has an inlet and an outlet. In addition, some embodiments provide a method for forming a manifold. The method comprises the steps of: filling a metal power in a die; forming a first body by pressing the metal powder in the die; removing the compressed portion from the die; heating the first body by bringing the first body into contact with a second body; and performing micro-welding on crystal grains of metals between the first body and the second body.

Description

And more particularly, to a multi-component manifold and a method of manufacturing the manifold,

Cross-reference to related application

This application is related to U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 716,755, filed May 19, 2015, entitled " A Multi-Part, Tapered, Concentric Manifold and Method of Making the Manifold & No. 14 / 821,985, filed August 10, 2015, entitled " Multi-Part, Manifold and Method of Making the Manifold ", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention generally relates to a manifold. More particularly, the present invention relates to a multi-part concentric, tapered, compact manifold.

Manifolds are traditionally used to support routing multiple fluids. Often a single housing or block may be formed or machined therefrom and provided with multiple paths to provide conduits to the fluid. Generally, the housing or block is angular or rectangular in shape. In many cases, this path is machined along a horizontal surface or a vertical surface, i. E., In other words, a straight line along a generally straight surface. However, there may be cases where the rectangular shaped manifold housing is not the best fit. Furthermore, other manifold housing shapes can provide a more compact design than conventional shapes.

Accordingly, there is a need to provide a manifold that can have a geometric shape that is not rectangular and / or a method of manufacturing the manifold.

The above-described requirements are met primarily by the invention in one aspect in some embodiments, wherein the manifold can have a non-rectangular shape and provide a device that can be more compact.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a manifold is provided. The manifold comprising: a first body having an exterior surface; A second body having an inner surface corresponding to the outer surface of the first body, the first body being micro-welded to the second body; And a groove formed in one or both of the outer and inner surfaces, wherein the first body fits within the second body such that the outer surface contacts the inner surface and the groove contacts the first body and the second body The fluid passageway being dimensioned to define a fluid passageway positioned between the bodies, the fluid passageway having an inlet and an outlet.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method of assembling a manifold is provided. The method includes filling a die with a powdered metal having a grain; Compressing the powder metal in the die to form a first body; Removing the compressed portion from the die; Heating the body by contacting the first body with the second body; And forming micro-welds between the crystal grains of the metal between the two bodies.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a manifold is provided. The manifold comprising: a first body having an exterior surface; A second body having an inner surface corresponding to the outer surface of the first body, the first body being micro-welded to the second body; And means for causing a fluid to pass through a body formed on one or both of the outer and inner surfaces, wherein the first body is fitted to the second body such that the outer surface contacts the inner surface, Wherein the means for causing the fluid to pass therethrough is dimensioned to define a fluid passage positioned between the first body and the second body, the fluid passage having an inlet and an outlet.

Certain embodiments of the present invention have been somewhat broadly outlined in order that the detailed description herein may be better understood and a better understanding of what the invention is capable of in the art. There are, of course, additional embodiments of the invention which are capable of forming the subject matter of the claims set out below and appended.

In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of the arrangement of components and their details set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention may be practiced and carried out in many ways in addition to those described. It is also to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used in the present specification and summary is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as a limitation of the invention.

Thus, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the concept on which the present invention is based can readily be used as a basis for designing other structures, methods and systems that serve the various purposes of the present invention. Thus, it is to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.

1 is an exploded perspective view of a manifold according to one embodiment.
2 is a perspective view of a manifold according to one embodiment.
3 is a perspective view of a manifold according to another embodiment.
4 is an exploded perspective view of a manifold according to one embodiment.
5 is an exploded view of a manifold according to another embodiment.
Figure 6 is an assembly view of the embodiment shown in Figure 5;
7 is an exploded view of another embodiment according to the present invention.
8 is an assembled view of the embodiment shown in FIG.
9 is a partial enlarged view of a manifold assembled according to another embodiment.
10 is a flow chart illustrating a method of representing a manner of manufacturing a manifold according to yet another embodiment.

According to some embodiments, a generally circular shaped manifold 10 is provided. The manifold 10 may include an inner body 12. The inner body 12 may have an outer surface 14 of the inner body 12. Alternatively, the inner body 12 may have voids or holes 16 in its central portion. In another embodiment, the inner body 12 may have a solid central portion.

Grooves or paths 18, 20, 22, and 24 may be formed on the outer surface 14 of the inner body 12. The grooves 18, 20, 22, and 24 are paths through which fluid can flow in the manifold 10. For example, in some embodiments, multiple axial paths 26 may be fluidly coupled to each other through grooves or paths 18, 20, 22, and 24.

When the inner body 12 is fitted tightly to the outer body 30 as shown in Fig. 2, the grooves or paths 18,20, 22, and 24 are fluidly separated from each other. Fluid flows through paths 18, 20, 22, and 24 to provide fluid communication within the manifold 10 to the various axial paths 26. In some embodiments, the fluid may be a hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic fluid is relatively high pressure so that fitting of the inner body 12 to the outer body 30 must be snugly fit or sealed to maintain fluid separation between the passages 18,20, . Those skilled in the art will recognize that after reading this disclosure, the pressure of fluid formed through paths 18, 20, 22, and 24 separates the inner body 12 from the outer body 30, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > a < / RTI > pressure required to maintain the fluid separation between the fluid and the fluid.

In some embodiments, the inner body 12 is press fit within the outer body 30. In other words, the initial size of the inner surface 32 of the outer body 30 may be smaller than the initial outer surface 14 of the inner body 12. In another embodiment of the present invention, an adhesive may be used to secure or seal the inner body 12 within the outer body 30. [ In another embodiment, a fastener may be used.

In some embodiments, the outer body 30 can be heated such that the inner surface 32 expands. Thereafter, the inner body 12 can be inserted into the outer body 30. When the outer body 30 is cooled, the outer body is contracted to engage with the inner body 12 at the joint or connecting portion 40. In other embodiments, other methods of connecting the inner body 14 and the outer body 30 may be used.

Hydraulic ports 36 are located at various locations on the outer surface 34 of the outer member 30. The positions of the hydraulic ports 36 are aligned such that these hydraulic ports are aligned with one of the grooves or paths 18,20,22 and 24 so that one of the grooves or paths 18,20,22, The fluid communication between the hydraulic port 36 can be permitted. In some embodiments, the hydraulic port 36 may be located in a block 38 located on the outer surface 34 of the outer member 30 as shown in the figures. As shown in the figure, the hydraulic fluid may flow through the grooves or paths 18, 20, 22, and 24 and through the axial path 26 into or out of the hydraulic port 36. In some embodiments of the present invention, the hydraulic port 36 may be in fluid communication with one or more of the axial paths 26.

The grooves 18, 20, 22, and 24 may further include a turning 25. The turning portion 25 provides a radial opening for fluidly connecting the grooves 18, 20, 22, and 24 to the at least one axial path 26.

The hydraulic port 36 may be part of the specific path 27. As a result, the hydraulic fluid can flow into the hydraulic port 36 and flow from this hydraulic port 36 to the specific axial path 27.

This turning portion 25 may terminate at the grooves 18,20,22 and 24 and may be a through hole that fluidly connects the groove 22 to the axial path 26. [ However, the turning portion 25 is not limited to the ends or ends of the grooves 18, 20, 22, and 24, but may extend along the path 22 along the fluid path, . Further, the hydraulic port 36 may be located on the path 18, 20, 22, and 24 and the turning portion 25 as shown in FIG. 2, or alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 And may be located at an intermediate position of the path.

As an example, the specific hydraulic path indicated by reference numeral 28 may include a specific axial path 27 and a groove indicated by reference numeral 22. The groove 22 terminates in a turning portion 25 which provides fluid communication between the groove 22 and the axial path 26.

Fig. 4 is an exploded view and Fig. 3 is an assembled view of the manifold 10. Fig. 3 and 4, the manifold 10 includes an inner body 12, an intermediate body 42, and an outer body 30. The inner body 12 includes an axial path 26 and the axial path 26 is in fluid communication with the groove 48, the radial path 50 and the hydraulic port 36.

The axial path 26 is connected to the turning portion 25 via the radial path 50. The turning portion 25 is fluidly connected to the groove 48 in the intermediate body 42 and the intermediate body is fluidly connected to the hydraulic port 36 in the block 38 of the outer body 30. [ Alternatively, the axial path 26 may be fluidly connected to the groove 18 in the inner body 12 via the radial path 50. The grooves 18 in the inner body 12 may be fluidly connected to one of the hydraulic ports 36 in the outer body 30 through a second radial path 56 located in the middle body 42 .

Those skilled in the art will understand that after reading the present invention, the axial path 26 can be changed from the various grooves 48, the turning portion 25, the radial path 50 and the hydraulic port 36 You can understand how to connect or disconnect.

As a result, any of the axial paths 26 can be moved through the grooves 18, 20, 22, or 24 in the inner body 12 or through the turning portion 25 or the radial path 50 to the intermediate body 42 To the one of the hydraulic ports 36 through a groove 48 in the housing 40. As shown in FIG. Thus, the fluid connections can be routed along the manifold 10, without being fluidly connected to each other. 3 and 4, the path defined by the groove 18 or 48 may cross over (one path is in the inner body 12 and the other path is in the middle body 42) are not fluidly connected.

There are only a certain number of axial paths 26, grooves 18, 20, 22 and 24, turning portions 25, and radial path 50 and hydraulic port 36 are shown, It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that more or less can be used to achieve the desired result.

Similar to the above, the inner body 12 can be fitted in the middle body 42. The middle body 42 can be fitted into the outer body 30. In some embodiments, the connection 52 between the inner body 12 and the intermediate body 42 is in a fluid tight state so that fluid is preferably not leaked from the groove 18 or the radial path 50 . This can be achieved in many ways. For example, the inner body 12 may be press fit to the middle body 42. In another embodiment, the middle body 42 is heated to expand. When the middle body 42 is inflated, the inner body 12 can be inserted into the middle body 42. When the intermediate body 42 is cooled, the intermediate body may contract to form a fluid tightness by tightly connecting the connecting portion 52 between the inner body 12 and the middle body 42.

Similarly, the connection between the intermediate body 42 and the outer body 30 may also be preferably fluid tight. Similar to what has been described above, the intermediate body 42 can be press fit to the outer body 30. In some embodiments, the outer body 30 is heated and inflated so that the middle body 42 can be inserted into the outer body 30. When the outer body 30 is cooled, the outer body may contract to form a fluid-tight connection with the middle body 42.

It is also contemplated that in other embodiments the connection 52 between the middle body 42 and the inner body 12 and / or the connection 54 between the middle body 42 and the outer body 30 may be an adhesive, a sealant, and / A fastener may be used to assist in fluid tightness of the connections 52, 54. In other embodiments, other ways of securing the body 12, the body 30, and the body 42 may be used.

In some embodiments, the fluid that can flow through the manifold is expected to be the hydraulic fluid under pressure. However, other fluids may be used in other embodiments. The fluid may be in liquid or gaseous form. The hydraulic fluid is only mentioned here by way of example, and is not intended to limit the invention to a hydraulic manifold.

The grooves 18,20, 22,24 and 48 are shown and described as being on the outer surfaces 14 and 44 of the inner body 12 or middle body 42. [ Those skilled in the art will recognize that after reading the present invention, grooves 18, 20, 22, 24 and 48 may be formed on inner surfaces 32 and 32 of intermediate body 42 or outer body 30, 46 and the outer surfaces 14 and 44 of the inner body and intermediate bodies 12 and 42 and the inner surfaces 32 and 46 of the middle body 42 and outer body 30 There will be.

Figures 5-8 illustrate additional embodiments. The embodiment shown in Figs. 5 and 6 is similar to the embodiment shown in Figs. The manifold 10, which is formed in a circular shape, includes an inner body 12 that is fitted to the outer body 30. The inner body 12 has an outer surface 14 that includes grooves 18, 20, 22, and 24. The inner body 12 is fitted to the outer body 30 in a fluid-tight manner. As described above, the grooves 18, 20, 22, and 24 are configured to align with the various hydraulic ports 36 as described above. Furthermore, the inner body 12 is inserted into the outer body 30 with an interference fit, and is sealed in a manner similar to that described above.

In addition to simple press fit, the inner body 12 can interact with the outer body 30 via the tapered surfaces 60 and 66. The outer surface (14) of the inner body (12) has a taper (60). The taper 60 is formed such that the diameter of the inner body 12 is larger at the first end 62 than at the second end 64. [ The inner surface 32 of the outer body 30 also has a taper 66. The taper 66 is dimensioned such that the diameter of the cavity defined by the inner surface 32 is greater at the first end 62 than at the second end 64. [ The inner body 12 has a tapered shape 60 and the outer body 30 has a tapered shape 66 on the inner surface 32 thereof, The inner body 12 can be more closely fitted into the outer body 30 when it is pushed or pressed toward the second end 64 of the outer body 30. [ The degree of press fit or interference fit between the inner body 12 and the outer body 30 can be adjusted by the axial distance at which the inner body 12 is moved into the outer body 30 .

6 is an assembled view of the manifold 10 in which the inner body 12 is fitted to the outer body 30. FIG. The inner body 12 meets the outer body 30 at the joint or connection 40. The inner body 12 has a tapered outer surface 14 and the outer body 30 has a tapered inner surface 32. The first end portions 62 of the inner body 12 and the outer body 30 are substantially aligned and the second ends 64 of the inner body 12 and the outer body 30 are also substantially aligned. However, since the inner body 12 can be pressed into the outer body 30 at a plurality of axial distances to achieve the desired interference fit due to the tapered portions 60 and 66, It is understood that end 62 and second end 64 may not be perfectly aligned.

Figures 7 and 8 are similar to Figures 3 and 4 described above. As a result, many of the same features between Figures 7 and 8 and Figures 3 and 4 are not repeated here. Rather, only the differences will be mainly explained. Fig. 7 is an exploded view of the concentric manifold 10, and Fig. 8 is an assembled view. Referring to Figures 7 and 8, the outer surface 14 of the inner body 12 has grooves 18,20 fluidly connected to the radial path 50 similar to those described with respect to Figures 3 and 4 . The inner body 12 has an outer surface 14 having a taper 60 as shown. The inner body 12 has a larger diameter at the first end 62 than at the second end 64 by the taper 60. [

The intermediate body 42 has an outer surface 44 that includes a groove 48 fluidly connected to a radial path 56 similar to that described above with respect to Figures 3 and 4. The intermediate body 42 has an inner surface 46 with a taper 68. The taper 68 is smaller than the diameter of the inner space defined by the inner surface 46 at the second end 64 of the middle body 42 as the diameter of the hollow portion defined by the inner surface 46, At the first end 62 of the first and second end portions 62, 64, respectively.

Further, the outer surface 44 of the intermediate body 42 also has a taper 70. [ The taper 70 is dimensioned such that the first end 62 of the middle body 42 has a larger diameter than the diameter of the middle body 42 of the second end 64. [

The outer body 30 further includes an inner surface 32 having a taper 72. The taper 72 is greater than the inner diameter of the cavity defined by the inner surface 32 of the outer body 30 at the second end 64 than at the first end 62 The diameter of which is larger.

When the manifold 10 is assembled as shown in Fig. 8, the grooves 18,20 and 48 (best seen in Fig. 7) and the radial path 50 are connected to the various ports 36, And 56 are aligned and dimensioned and positioned so that fluid can properly flow through the manifold 10. The tapered surfaces 60 and 68 can communicate when the inner body 12 is inserted into the middle body 42 and the inner body 12 is sealed in the middle body 42. [ The tapered surfaces 60 and 68 allow the inner body 12 to move axially within the middle body 42 to achieve a desired degree of sealing and interference fit, thereby facilitating manufacture.

The tapered surfaces 70 and 72 may also communicate with each other so that the middle body 42 can be inserted into the outer body 30 so that the middle body 42 can be inserted and sealed in the outer body 30. [ Further, the tapered portions 70 and 72 allow the intermediate body 42 to move axially within the outer body 30 such that the inner body 42 is sealed in the outer body 30 and achieves a desired degree of interference fit So that it is possible to manufacture easily.

It is understood that the desired degree of interference fit can vary from having no interference fit to reaching a relatively large degree of interference fit. The inner body 12 and the middle body 42 and the middle body 42 and the outer body 30 include but are not limited to interference fit, seals, welds, adhesives, and mechanical fasteners. By a variety of means. Although the embodiment described herein illustrates a manifold 10 having two or three bodies, it is understood that in other embodiments, more than three bodies may be included in the manifold 10. [ do. Additional bodies may be fitted similar to those described herein. Further, more or less fluid paths may be used in some embodiments.

In an alternative embodiment according to the present invention, the various bodies 12, 30, and 42 of the manifold 10 (shown in FIG. 4, for example) may be manufactured separately. Fabricating the bodies 12, 30, and 42 can be accomplished by sintering the powdered metal. After manufacturing the individual bodies 12, 30, and 42, the manifold 10 can be assembled. In assembling, a single manifold 10 can be formed by uniting the bodies 12, 30, and 42 (or by singularizing only the bodies 12 and 42, as the case may be) using a sintering step. Additional description with reference to Figures 9 and 10 is further discussed below.

Figure 9 shows a partial enlarged view of a manifold 10 including a number of crystalline grains 80 of powder metal that can be used to form the manifold 10. For the purpose of the present invention, the term "crystal grains " may refer to various particles or grains of powder metal. The various grains 80 shown in Fig. 9 may be placed on a die, then compressed in a die, and then removed from the die already. Portions made of powder metal that have been removed from the die but are not yet heated are referred to as "green " parts. Generally, the green portion retains its shape due to the compression of the crystal grains 80 in the die, but once removed from the die, the green portion may begin to break when subjected to substantial force. Thus, the green portion can be handled relatively smoothly.

As shown in Fig. 9, the crystal grains 80 have contact points 82 at which the crystal grains contact different crystal grains 80. As shown in Fig. The cavity 84 is positioned between the crystal grains 80. In some embodiments, the cavity 84 may be filled or at least partially filled with an infiltrant 86, as described in more detail below.

4, the inner body 12 is fitted in the middle body 42, and the middle body 42 is fitted in the outer body 30. In another embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the inner body 12 is fitted in the outer body 30. Fig. 9 shows an outer body 88 that can correspond to the outer body 30 or the middle body 42 of Figs. Figure 9 further illustrates an inner body 90 that may correspond to the inner body 12 or middle body 42 of Figures 1 and 4. [ A junction line 92 separates the outer body 88 from the inner body 90. The splicing line 92 may correspond to the splice or connection 40 of FIG. 2 or the splice or connection 52 or 54 of FIG.

When the inner body 90 is placed within the outer body 88 as part of the assembly of the manifold 10, the inner body 90 may be attached to the outer body 88 by a micro-welding process in accordance with powder metallurgy techniques .

10 is a flow chart illustrating various steps associated with assembling the manifold 10 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. First, the dies configured to form the outer (88) or inner (90) body, as shown in step S10, are filled with powdered metal. The in-die powder metal is compacted in step S20. The inner portion 88 and the outer portion 90 are removed from the die in step S30. The powder metal portions 88 and 90 (also referred to as bodies), once removed from the die, are green portions and are thus handled with care. The manifold 10 may be defined within the cavity defined by the inner surface 32 or 46 of the outer body 30 or intermediate body 42 (see FIG. 4), which may be an outer portion 88 (FIG. 9) Assembled by placing a portion 90 thereon. When the manifold 10 comprises several parts or bodies 12, 30 and 42 as shown in Fig. 4, several parts are assembled. Once assembled, the outer and inner portions 88 and 90 contact each other as shown in step S40.

Alternatively, the penetrating agent may be added to the green portions 88 and 90 in step S50. Adding a penetrant to the green portion is well known and therefore not described in detail herein. In some embodiments, the penetrating agent may be a metal such as copper or any other suitable metal. In other embodiments, the penetrating agent may include an adhesive such as an industrial adhesive and / or other suitable adhesive. Once the penetrant is added to the green portions 88 and 90 (which may include multiple green portions 88 and 90 in the assembled state), the green manifold 10 is heated as shown in step S60. In some embodiments, heating the green manifold 10 includes placing a green manifold 10 in the oven. Other embodiments may include heating the green manifold 10 by passing a large amount of current through the green manifold 10. [ Other suitable methods of heating the green manifold 10 may also be performed in accordance with the claims.

In embodiments using a penetrant, the green manifold 10 is heated sufficiently to allow the penetrator 86 to melt and move into the cavity 84 (see FIG. 9) contained within the manifold 10. The penetrant migrates to cavity 84 by capillary or wicking action as shown in step S70. Further, when sufficient heat is provided to the manifold 10, the grain 80 begins to melt and micro-welding occurs at the contact point 82 between the various grains 80, as shown in step S80. Heating the green portion to form micro-welds is well known to those skilled in the art and is not described in detail herein.

When a micro-weld is formed at the contact point 82 between the grains 80 and the optional penetrator 86 enters the cavity 84, the manifold 10 is cooled as shown in step S90. In some embodiments, cooling step S90 may include quenching. In this regard, the manifold 10 is now unified when the various inner bodies 90 and outer bodies 88 are now welded together. Several grooves 18, 20, 22, 24, 28, 48 and other features of the inner body 12, middle body 42 and outer body 30 are molded by the die and impressed within the green portion. Or, in some embodiments, various features may be machined into the manifold 10 after being used through a micro-welding process.

Although the embodiment shown in the figures shows a manifold made of two or three bodies, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that after reading this disclosure, more than three bodies of manifolds 10 ) Can be made according to the claims.

Many features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the foregoing specification, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such features and advantages of the invention that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. Furthermore, many modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, and it is not intended to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described herein, Appropriate modifications and equivalents are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (20)

As a manifold,
A first body having an outer surface;
A second body having an inner surface corresponding to the outer surface of the first body, the first body being micro-welded to the second body; And
And a groove formed in one or both of the outer and inner surfaces, wherein the first body is fitted into the second body such that the outer surface contacts the inner surface and the groove is in contact with the first body and the second body The fluid passageway having an inlet and an outlet. ≪ Desc / Clms Page number 13 > The manifold of claim 1, wherein the outer surface and the inner surface define a conical section. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the outer surface and the inner surface are tapered. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the first body and the second body are made of a grain of metal. 5. The manifold of claim 4, further comprising an infiltrant located between the grains. The manifold of claim 5, wherein the penetrating agent is copper. 5. The manifold according to claim 4, wherein the crystal grains are micro-welded to each other. The manifold of claim 1, wherein the inlet / outlet of the groove is located in the first body. The method of claim 1, wherein the second body has an outer surface corresponding to the inner surface of the second body,
Wherein the manifold comprises:
A third body having an inner surface; And
Further comprising a second groove formed in one or both of the outer surface of the second body and the inner surface of the third body, the second body being fitted in the third body, Said outer surface being in contact with said inner surface in said third body and said second groove being dimensioned to define a fluid passage positioned between said second body and said third body,
And the third body comprises a grain of metal micro-welded to the second body. 10. The manifold of claim 9, wherein the outer surface and the inner surface define a conical section. A method of forming a manifold,
Filling a die with a powdered metal having a grain;
Compressing the powder metal in the die to form a first body;
Removing the compressed portion from the die;
Heating the body by contacting the first body with the second body; And
And forming micro-welds between the crystal grains of the metal between the two bodies. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of adding a penetrant to at least one of the bodies. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising filling a cavity between the crystal grains of the powder metal with the permeant. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the penetrating agent comprises a metal. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the penetrant comprises copper. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: connecting a third body to the first body and the second body and forming micro-welds between the first body and the second body and between the crystal grains of the metal in the second body and the third body ≪ / RTI > further comprising the step of: 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising positioning the second body within a cavity in the first body. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising positioning a third body within the cavity in the second body. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: forming a tapered surface on the inner diameter of the cavity in the first body, and forming a tapered surface on the outer diameter of the second body. As a manifold,
A first body having an outer surface;
A second body having an inner surface corresponding to the outer surface of the first body, the first body being micro-welded to the second body; And
Means for allowing fluid to pass through a body formed on one or both of said outer and inner surfaces,
The first body is fitted to the second body such that the outer surface contacts the inner surface and the means for causing fluid to pass through the body forms a fluid passage located between the first body and the second body Said fluid passageway having an inlet and an outlet.

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