KR20160132614A - Methods for Treating Pine-mushroom with UV-C Light. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a technique for reducing or removing damage generally arising from a method of manufacturing agricultural products, particularly from plant pathogenic fungi, such as botrytis and phytophthora, in live plants or mushrooms, which prevents pathogenic fungi from live plants, a part of a plant, or from mushrooms using ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light without affecting to growth, generation and harvest of plants or mushrooms. In addition, the present invention relates to an apparatus for preventing growth of pathogenic microorganism, and provides a method for removing surplus leaves from live plants or destroying aerial plant tissues of cryptophyte before harvest by using UV-C light. According to the present invention, the method allows live plant or a part of a plant or mushrooms to be periodically in contact with 0.002 to 0.15 J/cm^2 of UV-C light for 24 hours.

Description

Methods for Treating Pine Mushrooms Using UV-C Light {Methods for Treating Pine-mushroom with UV-C Light.

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates generally to methods for producing agricultural products, particularly techniques for reducing or eliminating damage caused by plant pathogens such as Batrytis, Phytophthora and the like in living plants or mushrooms, Or by using UV-C light without adversely affecting the growth, development and yield of the plant or mushroom. The present invention further relates to a device for controlling the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, and also to a method for removing excess leaves from living plants using UV-C light and a method for destroying aerial plant tissues of underground crops prior to harvest .

Effective protection of crops from infection and damage caused by pathogenic microorganisms in the agricultural sector has been a problem for a long time. In particular, infection with phytopathogenic fungi such as those belonging to the genus Bactithis or Phytophthora can be seriously lost due to damage caused by expensive crops in both outdoor and greenhouse conditions in terms of yield. Most growers use fungicides to respond to fungal attack. In this case, the fungicides are accompanied by additional costs in terms of the labor needed to apply fungicides as well as to purchase them.

In addition, public interest in the long-term impact of the use of fungicides on the environment and human health is increasing.

In the case of crops or mushrooms cultivated in greenhouses or underground waterways, pathogenic attack can be particularly problematic because the higher relative humidity and rich growth conditions of the controlled environment promote not only the growth of plants but also the growth of many pathogens. Therefore, the mushroom growers must reduce the relative humidity of the greenhouse or underground waterway more effectively by venturing further, which in most cases can increase heating costs and the total cost of chemical pathogen control can also increase significantly.

Early on, UV light has been known to have a fungicidal effect, and greenhouse growers based thereon are encouraged to avoid the absence of UVs (eg, under large plants, glass, polyethylene, or UV light) Such as other materials under the cover of a greenhouse / groundwater, can increase the presence of fungal growth on crops or mushrooms. UV light can be classified into different classes based on wavelength, which is about 350 nm UV-A, about 300 nm UV-B and about 250 nm UV-C, . As expected, the efficacy of UV light in causing biological changes may be different if the wavelengths are different. The use of UV light in fungal treatment is the subject of considerable research in that it is a non-chemical treatment that does not leave any toxic residues in the crop or in the environment. UV light has been shown to inactivate fungal growth, but UV-A and UV-B have been shown to damage human skin and the human eye. In addition, UV-A and UV-B have been shown to be carcinogenic, while UV-C has been reported not to be carcinogenic.

To date, UV-C light has been used to disinfect or disinfect water or surfaces, or to remove plant material, such as alive and growing, from photoconverting plants and harvested fruits and vegetables. For example, Marquenie et al. [(2002, Int T Food Microbiol 74: 27-35)], after UV-C and heat treatment and hydrolysis using UV-C (254 nm) (Botrytis cinerea) and Monilinia fructigena were tested for their effect on conidia growth. Such treatment is useful for long term storage of harvested fruits and vegetables and for reducing postharvest damage caused by pathogens when transported.

EP0007459 describes the use of UV light having a broad wavelength (200-400 nm) at a high dose of 2-30 OMW / m 2, where the low level corresponds to 0.17 J / cm 2. It has not been suggested to use low doses of UV-C light itself (ie, in the absence of other UV light, such as substantial amounts of UV-A or B), and moreover the example is purely theoretical .

WO 2004/039075 describes a microbial control method using UV-C and ozonated water and applying a dipole air jet technique and a wetting agent. Thus, two antimicrobials are combined, which is very useful for combating infestations and insects in farmland. This technique is only suitable for plants grown on farmland and there is no data on how UV-C itself can be used or how much dose can be effective.

The present invention does not cause any permanent adverse effects on crop plants and especially mushrooms, and does not adversely affect the normal growth and development of mushrooms, as well as non-chemically non-carcinogenic growth of living plant pathogen To provide the technology.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide an anti-pathogen treatment method that allows a grower to allow higher relative humidity in greenhouses and underground waterways with greenhouse and groundwater, without affecting normal plant growth and development As the growth of pathogens is controlled, the yield of crops is significantly increased. (Because the yield losses caused by pathogens are reduced). Therefore, good crop yields or significantly lower heating costs are the result of this technology.

A further object is to provide a treatment without undesirable side effects such as, for example, the carcinogenic effects of UV-A and UV-B light.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an effective anti-pathogen treatment method even when a specific pathogenic bacterium can cause resistance to a chemical substance. And growers can increase their relative humidity in their greenhouses and underground waterways, thereby enabling crops and mushrooms to grow more efficiently, and to be effective in greenhouse and underground waterways that are so effective that their energy consumption can be substantially reduced. And to provide a treatment method for controlling growth. It also provides treatment to control pathogens on crops or mushrooms that will be harvested within the next few days. Many fungicides involve a pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 3 days or more, and it is not possible to control fungi using such chemicals .

A device for controlling or specifically reducing pathogen growth on a plant or at least part thereof, for use in the method according to the invention, wherein the device for controlling pathogen growth on a plant or mushroom (at least part thereof) comprises A light source of UV-C light, wherein the light source essentially does not emit UV-A and UV-B light but emits at least 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% The UV-C emission is not reduced and the dust and the dust are not accumulated in the light source itself but are accumulated in the quartz tube, and dust and dust are removed by using a high-pressure sprayer (for example, spraying water (3) optionally, the quartz tube may comprise a Teflon layer either internally or externally, thereby preventing the quartz tube from fracturing or cracking And all of the intrinsically destroyed particles remain attached to one another by the Teflon layer, so that the light source can be easily replaced. (4) The plant or mushroom (at least part of the plant) (Part of the plant) is sufficient to reduce (or prevent) plant or mushroom tissue damage caused by the pathogen, while the light source passes by the plant or mushroom once, But is treated with a small amount of UV-C light that is not permanently damaging the plant. In one embodiment, the UV-C light is high enough to control (particularly reduce) pathogen growth, while at the same time not adversely affecting plant growth, development, or yield. Plant or mushroom (a part of the plant) will be exposed for a predetermined, pre-determined time as the light source passes by the plant or the plant passes by the light source, and after such a limited time the pathogen growth will be controlled and specifically reduced. As a result, the total amount of pathogen biomass and infections caused by pathogens is reduced, and the plants have time to recover from the infection, which makes the plants healthier and yields better crop yields.

In a further embodiment of the present invention the amount of UV-C light is from 0.002 (or 0.0025) to 0.16 J / cm2, more preferably from 0.002 (or 0.0025) to 0.15 J / cm2 and especially 0.16 or 0.15 J / . It has been found that the above range of energy densities in plant or mushroom tissue is suitable for controlling pathogens and only very low doses are required to achieve effective control. Optimum energy density values depend on the species, growth stage, pathogen type and growth stage of the pathogen in plants and mushrooms.

It has recently been shown that low levels of UV-C light are highly effective in controlling plant pathogens, thereby increasing the viability and yield of plants or mushrooms. Although UV-C light has been used as a disinfectant in the past, Only when high and only living plant or mushroom tissue is protected by thick cuticles coated with wax (e.g., harvested fruits and vegetables do not grow or photosynthate) could be applied to the tissue.

This discovery can effectively control pathogens on plant or mushroom tissue that are alive and actively growing or photosynthetically for the first time, with doses of 0.16 or 0.15 J / cm2 per tissue surface (ie, 160 or 150 mJ / cm2) Low doses may be used in accordance with the present invention. For example, phytophthora infestans damage can be significantly reduced by using a small amount of 0.002-0.01 J / cm2 (tissue) (2-10 mJ / cm2) applied over a 24 hour period, About 0.01 J / cm 2 (10 mJ / cm 2).

In addition, other uses of UV-C light have been found, for example in one embodiment the fungus itself can be protected from damage caused by other fungal pathogens. In another embodiment, the area where the leaves are attached to the stem is not damaged, but a protective layer is formed to naturally seal it, in other cases (when the leaf is removed by hand), thereby reducing the incidence of wounded diseases It has also been found that UV-C light can be used to remove leaves ("angles") at the bottom of living plants.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will be discussed in greater detail by using a number of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of an apparatus for controlling pathogen growth on a plant or mushroom (part thereof) for use in the method according to the present invention.
Figure 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of an apparatus for controlling pathogen growth on a plant or mushroom (part thereof) for use in the method according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows the effect of UV-C on the germination percentage (%) of sporophyll of Phytophthora infestans.

[Example]

In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for the treatment of one or more living plants or mushrooms, in particular by contacting a parasitic part of the plant or mushroom periodically with UV-C light at sufficient intensity for sufficient time to control one or more pathogens (One or more parts thereof, e.g., the lower half of the plant or the bottom third or 1/4 of the plant) of the plants. UV-C light adversely affects the pathogen (s) in particular and preferably reduces the amount of pathogens present in the treated area. For example, all or some of the mycotic mycelium that come into contact with UV-C light can be killed, thereby reducing overall disease pressures on multiple plants. Therefore, UV-C treatment can reduce the growth, breeding, or infectivity and propagation of pathogens. This results in an increase in the yield of multiple plants or mushrooms compared to control plants that are not treated in the same manner (although the pressures on early disease exposure are assumed to be similar). In a preferred embodiment, the growth and development of plants or mushrooms is not adversely affected by UV-C treatment, yield is not adversely affected, and most preferably is significantly increased compared to control plants.

In one embodiment of the present invention, plant tissue exposed to UV-C light is not damaged (see below), while in another embodiment the overall plant growth and yield are not adversely affected 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or more of the control plants or mushrooms, preferably at least 1%, 2% , 50%, 60% or higher). Some plant or mushroom tissue parts may be damaged by UV-C light (eg, leaves at the bottom exposed to UV-C may cause UV-C induced symptoms And may even be killed or "incinerated").

In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for the treatment of plant pathogenic microorganisms that is sufficiently close for a period of time sufficient to effect (control or specifically reduce) pathogen growth (e. G., For breeding or reducing infectivity and propagation) By exposure to at least a parasitic part of the plant or mushroom sensitive to susceptibility to infection by pathogens more than once (periodically) with UV-C light of sufficient intensity to significantly reduce pathogenic damage of one or more living plants (multiple plants) (I. E., A method of protecting plants against pathogen damage). (Or a portion thereof) by using UV-C light at least once, in an amount sufficiently high to reduce the damage of the plant or mushroom tissue induced by the pathogen (s) in particular, but sufficiently low to not permanently damage the plant tissue, Or to reduce plant tissue damage caused by one or more plant pathogens. In this case, growth and yield of plants or mushrooms are not adversely affected.

Herein, plant tissue damage refers to tissue damage that is visible and visible to the naked eye, which is scored using a visual assessment, which can distinguish two types of tissue damage. The first type of tissue damage is damage caused directly or indirectly by one or more plant pathogens. Such damage may manifest as typical disease symptoms such as Leaf spot disease, Sting spot disease, White streak, Necrosis, or Carcinoma disease. The term "damage" includes covering the exterior of the tissue with the pathogen (s), e.g., live or viable fungal mycelium, and each type of pathogen is known to cause a defined set of symptoms in the host species. The second type of tissue damage is the damage caused by UV-C treatment when too high a dose is applied, and these symptoms, such as lesions and whitening, can also be seen visually. In one embodiment, however, the present invention is not limited to UV-C doses that do not cause visible damage to the plant, ie, UV-C induced symptoms, but also other effects on growth and development Etc.) is used.

The method of controlling plant pathogens described above is also applied to the method of controlling mushroom pathogens, in which at least one dose of UV-C light is applied to the mushroom, in particular all or part of the fruit body (for example fresh mushroom, Wrinkles) to protect mushrooms from pathogens. Thus, the above-described methods for plants or mushrooms are equally applicable to mushrooms, such as, for example, Carnivorous or Carcass fungi, and in particular include applications for controlling pathogens of the following species. Aguricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus spp., Auricularia spp, Volvariella volvaceae, Flammulina velutipes, and the like. Tremella fuciformis, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Pholiota nameko, Grifola umbellata, and the like.

The application method and time of UV-C light may vary depending on the mushroom cultivation method. For example, Agaricus bisporus is generally grown in trays, but mushroom is grown in natural or artificial logs. On the other hand, the Asian rice straw mushroom Bolivella bravaeaa is cultivated on the farmland of wet rice straw, so the light source can be applied from top to bottom at one or more time points. Fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus begins to appear after about 6 weeks after inoculation, and then continues budding for 6-8 weeks at intervals of about 7-10 days. Thus, UV-C light can be applied before or during the appearance of the fruit bodies. The pathogenic fungi of the mushroom include fungi, bacteria, viruses and insects, and fungal pathogens include the following species.

In a further embodiment, a living plant part is an ' shredding ' which is used to replicate a plant, such as stem cutting of herbaceous and woody species (coniferous or semi-hardwood or hardwood). For example, roses, chrysanthemums, and dahlia breed by using cuttings, and plants that propagate by cutting at the broadleaf stage include forsythia, hedgehog, fig tree, vine, and poppy, The sculptures generally do not have any attached leaves and open wounds remain. Of course, one or two ends of the arc also have an open wound. Thus, the examples described for the above plants are equally applicable to the treatment of cuttings and are suitably adapted to remove the cuttings from the host plants and then to the soil or to a suitable growth medium, At one or more time points, with a suitable dose of UV-C light. The treatment can also be applied at one or more time points after drinking water from a soil or a suitable growth medium that can be rooted and fixed. The timing of rooting and settlement can vary depending on the species. In particular, contacting the roots prior to and / or during and / or optionally subsequent to further growth is suitable for controlling pathogen damage and is also suitable for reducing the loss of growth of the shoot. In addition, the success rate for those that can be rooted and settled (% of the cuttings that can occur in successfully planted and fully grown plants) is significantly, preferably not comparable to, the use of UV-C light , It can be increased by at least 5%, 10%, 20% or more. Thus, in one embodiment, the entire parasitic portion of the cutting or insertion (after being placed in a suitable medium and then transplanted to another medium or farmland) is contacted with the above-described dose of UV-C light at least once.

It is common to spray chemicals (plant toxins) to kill parasitic parts before harvesting underground crops (edible storage organs) such as tuber (potato) roots or bulbs, and it is not desirable to use chemicals.

The present invention provides an environmentally friendly method of removing parasitic plant parts using UV-C light prior to harvesting underground crops, which can optionally be combined with chemicals to reduce the amount of chemicals have.

Exposing a portion of the entire parasitic plant to one or more suitable doses of UV-C light can destroy the parasitic tissue in a rapid and clean manner, causing the tissue to become dry and browseable (and not a suitable source for pathogens) Was found to be very effective. Once UV-C doses have been applied more than once a day for 1, 2, or 3 weeks prior to the harvest date, the tissue becomes dry and easily browsed away from the farmland once it is browned. Removal is much easier than removing a portion of the chemically treated plant and this can be done by using the same apparatus. Preferably, a lower dose or range of doses may be applied (as described above), but in the present embodiment, a higher dose, for example 0.2, 0.25 J / cm2 or more, or 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5 , 2.0 J / cm < 2 > or more may be used.

Plants that can be treated by this method are pathogens, and any plants that are particularly susceptible to fungal attack, wherein the pathogenic microorganisms may be at least partially located outside the plant, i.e., on the plant tissue surface. Thus, plants suitable for the treatment of the present invention are plants or mushrooms grown in greenhouses or underground waterways, and are suitable for use in outdoor crops such as vegetables, forages, cereals, fruit plants, Bulbs / flowers and medicinal plants.

It is also noted that in one embodiment, the method may be used in conjunction with a method of moving plant foliage to allow pathogen growth to be exposed to UV-C light. Such a device may include a physical moving object that removes a fan or foliage. In one embodiment, UV-C light is advantageously used to induce killing or bleaching / necrosis of some plant tissues (especially at the bottom), which should normally be removed by hand (see below).

Claims (3)

A method for controlling pathogenic growth comprising contacting live plants or parts thereof, or mushrooms, with UV-C light in an amount of from 0.002 to 0.15 J / cm 2 (tissue) periodically for 24 hours. The method of claim 1, wherein the growth of one or more pathogens is reduced by at least 5% as compared to control plants or parts thereof, or mushrooms, that are not contacted with UV-C light. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the living plant part is a plant cutting, preferably a stem cutting.

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