KR20160123754A - Green roof area determinating method in urban area and monitoring method for green roof area in urban area - Google Patents

Green roof area determinating method in urban area and monitoring method for green roof area in urban area Download PDF

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KR20160123754A
KR20160123754A KR1020150054317A KR20150054317A KR20160123754A KR 20160123754 A KR20160123754 A KR 20160123754A KR 1020150054317 A KR1020150054317 A KR 1020150054317A KR 20150054317 A KR20150054317 A KR 20150054317A KR 20160123754 A KR20160123754 A KR 20160123754A
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area
rooftop
recording
determining
computer device
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KR101710782B1 (en
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구지희
정태웅
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건국대학교 산학협력단
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Mining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/10—Services
    • G06Q50/26—Government or public services

Abstract

A method for determining a rooftop greening area in an urban area includes the steps of determining a recording area based on a vegetation index in a first image data including a city area of a computer device, Determining a rooftop area and determining the rooftop recording area or the rooftop recording candidate area based on the recording area and the rooftop area.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a method for determining a rooftop greening area in an urban area and a method for monitoring a rooftop greening area in an urban area. [0002]

The technique described below is directed to a technique for determining a rooftop recording area in an urban area and a technique for monitoring a rooftop recording area.

As the urban area expands and the urban center develops at high density, green spaces with the function of lowering the atmospheric temperature become scarce. However, asphalt asphalt with low heat reflectivity is covered with buildings and the amount of exhaust heat and pollutants As a result, the heat island phenomenon that the temperature of the city is higher than that of the surrounding area is appearing.

Rooftop greening has also attracted attention in an effort to alleviate the urban heat island phenomenon. In urban areas, the green area itself is limited, and because there are many buildings such as large buildings, rooftop greening using buildings is utilized.

International agreements to reduce greenhouse gases (carbon) are in effect. The government is also preparing legislation and systems to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Roofing can be a means to reduce greenhouse gases.

Korea Patent Publication No. 2010-0116283 (November 11, 2010) Korea Patent Publication No. 2009-0102345 (September 30, 2009)

On the other hand, it is necessary to identify the area where rooftop greening is possible for the rooftop of the city. It is also necessary to understand the extent to which carbon emissions from rooftop greening are reduced. Furthermore, a continuous monitoring method for the rooftop greening area is also required.

The technique described below is intended to provide a method for identifying a rooftop recording area and / or a rooftop recordable area of an urban area using currently available image data and a digital map. Further, the technique described below is intended to provide a method for monitoring whether or not the rooftop green area of the urban area is properly managed.

The solutions to the technical problems described below are not limited to those mentioned above, and other solutions not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

The method of determining the rooftop greening area of the urban area includes the steps of determining the recording area based on the vegetation index in the first image data including the urban area of the computer device, And determining the rooftop recording area or the rooftop recording candidate area based on the recording area and the rooftop area by the computer device.

The computer determines the area where the recording area overlaps with the rooftop area as the rooftop recording area and the area excluding the recording area in the rooftop area as the rooftop recording candidate area.

The monitoring method of the rooftop green area of the urban area includes the steps of the computer device determining the first recording area based on the vegetation index in the first image data including the urban area, Determining a rooftop area, determining a region where the computer device overlaps the recording area with the rooftop area as a rooftop recording area, and determining a second image data including a city area after the computer device acquires the first image data Determining a region where the vegetation index (NDVI) is equal to or greater than a reference value as a second recording area in the second image data; and determining that the area where the second recording area overlaps with the rooftop recording area is a rooftop recording And determining the region as a region.

The technology described below can quickly identify the rooftop recording area and / or the rooftop recordable area using the currently provided image data and digital map.

The effects of the techniques described below are not limited to those mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

FIG. 1 shows an example of an image data and a digital map for an urban area.
2 is an example of a block diagram showing the configuration of a system for determining a rooftop recording area based on image data and a digital map.
3 is an example of a flowchart of a method for determining a rooftop green area in an urban area.
4 is an example of a flowchart of a method for monitoring a rooftop green area in an urban area.

The following description is intended to illustrate and describe specific embodiments in the drawings, since various changes may be made and the embodiments may have various embodiments. However, it should be understood that the following description does not limit the specific embodiments, but includes all changes, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the following description.

The terms first, second, A, B, etc., may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the terms, but may be used to distinguish one component from another . For example, without departing from the scope of the following description, the first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as a first component. And / or < / RTI > includes any combination of a plurality of related listed items or any of a plurality of related listed items.

As used herein, the singular " include "should be understood to include a plurality of representations unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and the terms" comprises & , Parts or combinations thereof, and does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components, components, or combinations thereof.

Before describing the drawings in detail, it is to be clarified that the division of constituent parts in this specification is merely a division by main functions of each constituent part. That is, two or more constituent parts to be described below may be combined into one constituent part, or one constituent part may be divided into two or more functions according to functions that are more subdivided. In addition, each of the constituent units described below may additionally perform some or all of the functions of other constituent units in addition to the main functions of the constituent units themselves, and that some of the main functions, And may be carried out in a dedicated manner. Therefore, the existence of each component described in the present specification should be interpreted as a function. For this reason, the configuration according to the method of determining the rooftop green area in the urban area and the method of monitoring the rooftop green area in the urban area It is to be understood that the drawings may be different from the corresponding drawings to the extent that the object of the technique can be achieved.

Also, in performing a method or an operation method, each of the processes constituting the method may take place differently from the stated order unless clearly specified in the context. That is, each process may occur in the same order as described, may be performed substantially concurrently, or may be performed in the opposite order.

Hereinafter, a method for determining the rooftop green area in the urban area and a method for monitoring the rooftop green area in the urban area will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Two data are used to determine the rooftop greening area in urban areas. The first data is video data including urban areas. Image data includes satellite images taken by satellites or aerial photographs taken by airplanes. The second is a numerical map of the urban area. A digital map refers to a digital geographic information map in which various artifacts and natural terrain such as roads, railways, buildings, rivers, and the like are expressed in the form of diagrams and coordinates on a computer. Digital maps can be provided in administrative information systems provided by governments or public agencies.

FIG. 1 shows an example of an image data and a digital map for an urban area. FIG. 1 (a) is an example of image data. 1 (a) is an enlarged view of the red region on the left side of Fig. 1 (a). Referring to the right image of FIG. 1 (a), there is a green area in the urban area. In the right image of FIG. 1 (a), the area shown in green corresponds to a building having greenery or a recorded roof. Through the video data of the urban area, it is possible to confirm the area (recording area) where the recording progressed in the urban area. For example, A1 and A2 in the right image of Fig. 1 (a) correspond to a recording area. However, it is not easy to distinguish rooftop green areas from general green areas based on image data alone.

Fig. 1 (b) is an example of a numerical map. The right side of Fig. 1 (b) is an enlarged example of the red region on the left side of Fig. 1 (b). Referring to FIG. 1 (b), the area other than the building and the building can be distinguished. It may be possible to distinguish buildings and non-buildings from digital maps alone, or to distinguish buildings based on information that identifies the buildings included in the digital map. Furthermore, it will be possible to distinguish buildings more precisely by comparing the numerical map with the building register, the building plan, etc. provided by the government or public institutions. Digital maps are used to distinguish buildings and non-buildings, but in terms of rooftop greening, digital maps are used to determine the top of the building. You will be able to determine the rooftop area of the building on a digital map in a variety of ways. For example, the rooftop area includes image processing for digital maps, use of building information included in digital maps, identification information (data representing buildings) included in digital maps, information about buildings (building ledger, blueprint) And the like. In the map on the right side of Fig. 1 (b), A3 is determined as a rooftop area.

In summary, the rooftop recording area can be determined by comparing the area determined as the recording area in the image data of FIG. 1 (a) and the area determined as the roof area of the building in FIG. 1 (b). The area in which the recording area and the roof area overlap each other can be referred to as the current rooftop recording area. The area excluding the recording area in the rooftop area can be considered as the area where the rooftop recording is not proceeded.

2 is an example of a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a system 100 for determining a rooftop recording area based on image data and a digital map.

The system 100 for determining a rooftop recording area includes a video data server 110 for storing video data for the urban area, a digital map server 120 for storing a digital map for the urban area, And a computer device 130 for determining a rooftop recording area.

The video satellite 10 transmits the acquired video satellite data and the video receiving antenna 50 receives the video satellite data. The video data server 110 stores video satellite data received by the video data receiving antenna 50. The image data server 110 may receive the image satellite data through the external storage medium. Meanwhile, the image data server 110 may store aerial photographs taken by the aerial photographing airplane 30 in addition to satellite images. The aerial photographs may also be transmitted to the image data server 110 in various ways.

The digital map server 120 stores the above-described digital map. The digital map server 120 may further include data on the structure of the building in the urban area in addition to the digital map. For example, it may include detailed data on the area of the rooftop, the location of the rooftop, and the like. In addition, the digital map stored in the digital map server 120 may include information on the building and the terrain together with information on the location of each building, the roof area of the building, or the cross-sectional area of the building.

The computer device 130 is configured to determine the rooftop recording area of the urban area using the image data stored in the image data server 110 and the digital map stored in the digital map server 120. [ The communication module 131 receives image data from the image data server 110 and receives a digital map from the digital map server 120. The computer device 130 may transmit a certain data request to the image data server 110 and / or the digital map server 120 through the communication module 131. [ 2 may be various types such as the Internet, an Ethernet, a mobile communication network, a short-range wireless communication network, and the like.

The central processing unit 132 is a computing device for determining a recording area based on image data and a digital map. The storage device 133 stores the received image data and the digital map, and stores information about the recording area. The display device 134 may output the image data and the digital map to the user, or may output the determined recording area. Meanwhile, the user can input a certain control command to the computer device through the various interface devices 135. Although not shown in FIG. 2, the computer device 130 may transmit information on the determined recording area to a separate server.

3 is an example of a flowchart of a method 200 for determining a rooftop green area in an urban area. First, the computer determines the recording area using the video data of the urban area, and determines the top area using the digital map of the urban area. The recording area determination and the rooftop area determination may be performed individually or simultaneously, regardless of the order. Or two computer devices may respectively determine a recording area and a rooftop area.

The computer device 130 receives the image data for the urban area from the image data server 110 (211). The image data includes satellite image data or aerial photographs. The computer device 130 calculates the vegetation index through image analysis of the image data (212).

Since more than 95% of the image data of land surface contains information about soil and vegetation, it is possible to estimate the vegetation distribution and vegetation density of the surface by using this image data. For example, vegetation green with chlorophyll generally exhibits a slightly higher reflectance in the green wavelength range, little reflection in the red wavelength range, and a near-50% higher reflectance in the near infrared region. On the other hand, vegetation without dead chlorophyll shows high reflectance in the visible light region, but shows a lower reflectance than living healthy vegetation in the near infrared region. In the case of soil, the reflectance is lower than that of green vegetation, but the reflectance is lower than that of green vegetation in the near-infrared region. In this way, it is possible to make a formula to obtain the density of vegetation by combining the characteristics of the pyroclastic zones based on the reflection characteristic according to each wavelength band, which is called the vegetation index.

The calculation principle of the vegetation index is based on the fact that the reflectance difference of the green plant is large in the visible light (especially in the red region) and the near-infrared region, and an image representing the vegetation state is obtained by applying a constant formula to the observed image in the two regions .

Several vegetation indexes can be used. In general, normalized difference vegetation index (NVDI) is used as the normal vegetation index.

NVDI is a generalization of the difference between two images of visible and near infrared rays, emphasizing the reflection characteristics of vegetation and dividing it by the sum of two images. In general, the reflectance of each wavelength by vegetation changes depending on the angle of incidence of the sunlight and the angle of the satellite, and the observed value differs depending on the atmospheric condition. Therefore, NVDI reduces the degree of change of value by generalization. NVDI can be calculated by the following equation (1).

Figure pat00001

Here, NIR is the degree of wavelength reflection in the near-infrared band and VIS is the degree of wavelength reflection in the visible light band.

The computer device 130 determines whether there is a region where the vegetation index is larger than the reference value in the image data (213). A reference value of 0 can be used. The computer device 130 determines an area where the vegetation index is larger than a reference value as the recording area in the image data (214).

The computer device 130 receives a numerical map of the urban area from the digital map server 120 (221). The computer device 130 extracts the building layer (222) from the digital map. A digital map contains various objects such as terrain, buildings, and so on. Since the object that the computer device 130 needs in a digital map is a building, it extracts the building layer. A variety of image processing techniques can be used for building layer extraction. Furthermore, if there is information that identifies each entity in the digital map, it may be extracted using the information.

The computer device 130 may determine whether the area of the building exceeds a predetermined reference area based on the extracted building layer (223). The process of determining whether the building area exceeds the reference area is an optional process, not an essential process. However, in case of buildings with too small area, roofing can be virtually impossible, so it is necessary to select buildings over a certain standard area. Various criteria can be used for the reference area. For example, the reference area may be 85 m 2.

The computer device 130 determines 224 a building (area) whose roof area exceeds the reference area in the building layer of the digital map as a roof area (224). Generally, the actual size can be calculated based on the size of the object displayed on the digital map. The roof area corresponds to the top floor of the building. On the other hand, if the rooftop area can be obtained accurately based on the building plan or building plan, the exact roof area and the reference area can be compared.

After both the recording area and the rooftop area are determined, the computer 130 determines a rooftop recording area or a rooftop recording candidate area based on the recording area and the rooftop area (230). The computer device 130 determines the area where the recording area and the roof area overlap each other as the rooftop recording area and the area excluding the recording area in the rooftop area as the rooftop recording candidate area. For this purpose, the area represented by the image data and the area indicated by the digital map should be exactly matched.

Further, the computer device 130 may calculate the carbon absorption amount based on the rooftop greening area or the carbon absorption amount based on the rooftop greening candidate area (240). The calculation of the carbon uptake for the rooftop greening area is to determine the carbon uptake over the currently recorded rooftop. Calculation of the carbon uptake for the rooftop greening candidate area will determine the amount of carbon uptake that can be secured further through rooftop greening in the future. Calculation of the carbon uptake for a specific area can be made using the carbon absorption coefficient (i) that averages over the reference area as it progresses. Therefore, the amount of carbon absorption for the rooftop greening area or rooftop greening candidate area is calculated as i x corresponding area.

4 is an example of a flowchart of a method 300 for monitoring a rooftop green area in an urban area. The method 300 for monitoring the rooftop green area in the urban area is for determining the rooftop green area for the urban area and monitoring whether the rooftop green area is well maintained over time. The process of determining the first rooftop green area is the same as the method 200 of determining the rooftop green area in the urban area of FIG.

The computer device 130 receives the first image data for the urban area from the image data server 110 (311). The computer device 130 calculates the vegetation index through image analysis of the first image data (312). The computer device 130 determines whether the vegetation index is larger than the reference value in the first image data (step 313). A reference value of 0 can be used. The computer device 130 determines an area where the vegetation index is larger than a reference value as the first recording area (step 314).

The computer device 130 receives (321) a numerical map for the urban area from the digital map server 120. The computer device 130 extracts the building layer from the digital map (322). The computer device 130 may determine whether the area of the building exceeds a predetermined reference area based on the extracted building layer (323). The computer device 130 determines the building (area) whose roof area exceeds the reference area in the building layer of the digital map as the roof area (324).

After the first recording area and the top area are all determined, the computer device 130 determines the area where the first recording area overlaps with the top area as the top recording area (340).

The computer device 130 determines the recording area again using the image data after a predetermined time elapses after determining the first recording area. The computer device 130 receives the second image data for the urban area from the image data server 110 (331). The second image data is image data for the same urban area after the first image data is generated. The computer device 130 calculates the vegetation index through image analysis of the second image data (332). The computer device 130 determines whether the vegetation index is larger than the reference value in the second image data (step 333). A reference value of 0 can be used. The computer device 130 determines (334) the area where the vegetation index is larger than the reference value as the second recording area in the image data.

After determining the second recording area, the computer device 130 determines an area where the first and second recording areas overlap each other as a rooftop recording-maintaining area (350). The rooftop greening area means the area where the greening is maintained continuously after the rooftop is recorded.

Further, the computer device 130 may calculate the carbon uptake (360) based on the rooftop greening retention area of the computer device.

The process of determining the second recording area (steps 331 to 334) must be performed after the first recording area is determined. However, the process of determining the second recording area is not necessarily performed after the determination of the rooftop area (324) or after the determination of the first rooftop recording area (340).

Accordingly, the computer device 130 may simultaneously acquire the first image data, the second image data, and the digital map to determine the first recording area, the second recording area, and the rooftop area. The computer device 130 may then determine the rooftop greening area after determining the first rooftop green area and the second green top area.

It should be noted that the present embodiment and the drawings attached hereto are only a part of the technical idea included in the above-described technology, and those skilled in the art will readily understand the technical ideas included in the above- It is to be understood that both variations and specific embodiments which can be deduced are included in the scope of the above-mentioned technical scope.

10: video satellite 30: aerial photographing plane
50: Image receiving antenna
100: System for determining rooftop recording area
110: video data server 120: digital map server
130: Computer device 131: Communication module
132: central processing unit 133: storage device
134: Display device 135: Interface device

Claims (10)

Determining a recording area based on a vegetation index in a first image data including a city area of the computer device;
Determining a rooftop area of the building based on a numerical map of the urban area; And
Wherein the computer device determines a rooftop recording area or a rooftop recording candidate area based on the recording area and the rooftop area. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the computer device determines an area in which the recording area overlaps with the rooftop area as a rooftop recording area and an area in the rooftop area excluding the recording area as a rooftop recording candidate area. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the computer apparatus further comprises calculating a carbon absorption amount based on the rooftop greening area or calculating a carbon absorption amount based on the rooftop greening candidate area. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first image data is a satellite image or an aerial image,
Wherein the computer device determines the recording area in a region where the vegetation index (NDVI) is equal to or greater than a reference value in the video data in the step of determining the recording area. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the computer device extracts a building layer from the digital map and determines a rooftop recording area of a city area for determining the rooftop area only for buildings having a roof cross- Way. The method according to claim 1,
Receiving second image data including the urban area after the computer device acquires the first image data;
Determining that the second image region has a vegetation index (NDVI) greater than a reference value as a second recording region; And
Further comprising the step of the computer device determining an area where the rooftop greening area and the second greening area overlap each other as a rooftop greening area. The method of claim 6, wherein
Wherein the computer apparatus further comprises calculating a carbon absorption amount based on the rooftop greening-maintaining region. Determining a first recording area based on a vegetation index in a first image data including a city area of the computer device;
Determining a rooftop area of the building based on a numerical map of the urban area;
The computer device determining an area in which the recording area overlaps with the rooftop area as a rooftop recording area;
Receiving second image data including the urban area after the computer device acquires the first image data;
Determining that the second image region has a vegetation index (NDVI) greater than a reference value as a second recording region; And
And the computer device determines the area where the rooftop recording area and the second recording area overlap with each other as a rooftop greening area. 9. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the computer apparatus further comprises the step of determining an area of the rooftop greening area excluding the second green area as a rooftop greening area. 9. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the computer apparatus further comprises calculating a carbon absorption amount based on the rooftop greening area.

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CN116796877A (en) * 2022-12-01 2023-09-22 微纵联合网络科技(武汉)有限公司 Municipal greening maintenance calculation analysis method, system and storage medium based on image recognition

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