KR20160116205A - Syngas Treatment System and Method - Google Patents

Syngas Treatment System and Method Download PDF

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KR20160116205A
KR20160116205A KR1020150042975A KR20150042975A KR20160116205A KR 20160116205 A KR20160116205 A KR 20160116205A KR 1020150042975 A KR1020150042975 A KR 1020150042975A KR 20150042975 A KR20150042975 A KR 20150042975A KR 20160116205 A KR20160116205 A KR 20160116205A
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syngas
explosion
gas
analyzer
oxygen concentration
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KR1020150042975A
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Korean (ko)
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김진호
김효식
박성호
이승종
윤용승
장광규
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고등기술연구원연구조합
한국서부발전 주식회사
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Priority to KR1020150042975A priority Critical patent/KR20160116205A/en
Publication of KR20160116205A publication Critical patent/KR20160116205A/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F23N2039/04—

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a syngas treatment system and method and, more specifically, to a syngas treatment system and method, in which components of syngas are analyzed through an analyzer before supplying generated syngas to a combustion device, and an explosion prevention device is provided to keep an oxygen concentration lower than a threshold lower limit value, to completely remove syngas explosion probability. The syngas treatment system according to the present invention comprises: an analyzer which analyzes components of syngas generated by a gasifier and passing through a pre-treatment process; an explosion prevention device which keeps an oxygen concentration of the syngas discharged from the analyzer equal to or lower than an explosion threshold lower limit value; and a combustion device to which the syngas discharged from the explosion prevention device is supplied.

Description

Syngas Treatment System and Method [0002]

The present invention relates to a syngas processing system and method, and more particularly, to a method and system for analyzing the composition of a syngas through an analyzer prior to supplying the produced syngas to a combustion apparatus, so that the oxygen concentration of the syngas is kept below a threshold lower limit To a syngas processing system and method for completely eliminating the possibility of syngas explosion.

Gasification refers to the combination of gasification agents such as air, oxygen, water vapor, and carbon dioxide in a solid or liquid fuel, either alone or in combination with each other at high temperatures to make hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane as main components. .

In particular, the continuous decrease in the reserves of traditional chemical and petroleum energy (coal, oil and natural gas) and the environmental pollution problems caused by the use of chemical and petroleum energy poses a direct threat to the survival and development of mankind and as the industrial wastes increase, And interest in environmentally friendly energy is increasing, and gasification using waste is also attracting attention.

Gasification can be made from raw materials such as coal, waste, and biomass. For example, it is possible to convert oxygen to wastes into syngas composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and then to the raw materials such as dust and sulfur compounds The harmful substances are removed, purified and used.

The composition of the syngas produced during the gasification process is primarily influenced by the properties of the feedstock used for gasification and depends on the reaction conditions such as the type of gasifier and gasifier type, temperature and pressure. In general, the development direction of the gasification process is based on obtaining the desired synthesis gas composition, reducing the tar oil content in the gasification process, and maximizing the gasification efficiency, carbon conversion rate and the content of (CO and H2) in the synthesis gas.

However, synthesis gas contains CO, which is a toxic gas that is fatal when leaking, and H 2 , CH 4 , which are explosive gases, and it is necessary to prevent explosion. The analyzer itself, which is capable of analyzing the content of such a synthetic gas, is safe with a closed structure in which the gas flows and the analyzer are separated, but the method of safely treating the gas after analysis is not standardized. In order to safely discharge the gas after the analysis, the pressure of the syngas at normal pressure is increased by using a gas pump to send the distant combustion device. When a gas pump is used, there is a problem that air leaks because a negative pressure is generated at the front end of the gas pump.

In addition, after analysis in the analyzer, the synthesis gas is passed through the analyzer when the distance between the analyzer and the combustion device is short, and sent to the combustion device as it is, or sent to the combustion device by the gas pump when the distance between the analyzer and the combustion device is long. In the case of the IR type analyzer, performance is guaranteed only at the pressure equal to the pressure at which the standard gas is measured, because it is very sensitive to changes in the cell pressure that can measure the gas concentration in the analyzer.

In the conventional method, the type and quantity of the analyzer were increased, and the operation time of each analyzer was different, the flow rate of the syngas after the analysis varied, and the analysis value was also influenced. When the analyzer is operated, the flow rate of the syngas is kept constant as much as possible. However, it is difficult to perform precise analysis due to a sudden change in the flow rate or a change in the pressure of the syngas discharged when the analyzers are used at the same time.

As a prior art for preventing explosion, Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2014-0048412 (2014.04.24) (Patent Document 1) has been proposed.

Patent Document 1 discloses a drilling rig explosion prevention device that is installed along a perimeter of a drilling rig and includes a windbreak portion for blocking a sea breeze, an opening / closing portion for opening and closing the windbreak portion, And a control unit for controlling the flammable gas to be discharged to the atmosphere by opening the opening and closing unit when the concentration of the flammable gas measured by the gas concentration measuring unit is equal to or higher than a set value. If the concentration of the flammable gas measured by the gas concentration meter is equal to or higher than the set value, the flammable gas is discharged to the atmosphere. This is not a fundamental solution since explosion prevention measures are simple air emissions.

As another prior art for preventing explosion, Korean Patent Publication No. 2013-0018888 (2013.02.05) (Patent Document 2) has been proposed. A concentration measuring means for measuring the concentration of carbon monoxide and / or carbon dioxide at the outlet of the pulverizer; and a controller for analyzing the ratio of the oxygen content and / or the hydrogen content and the carbon content in the solid fuel Value of the solid fuel supplied to the pulverizer and / or the hydrogen content and the carbon content in the solid fuel supplied to the pulverizer based on the measurement result of the concentration measuring means and the analysis value , And controls the supply amount adjustment means by the control means so as to change the ratio of the same value as the analysis value. With this configuration, it is possible to prevent ignition in the pulverizer. The carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide concentration measuring means analyze the oxygen, hydrogen and carbon content ratios contained in the solid fuel and adjust the ratio thereof to prevent ignition of the pulverizer. This document is simply a measure of the concentration of carbon monoxide / carbon dioxide, which is far from the method of maintaining the conditions that do not explode by measuring the oxygen concentration.

Patent Document 1: Korean Patent Publication No. KR2014-0048412 (Apr. 24, 2014) Patent Document 2: Korean Patent Publication No. KR2013-0018888 (2013.02.05)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for analyzing synthesis gas components through an analyzer before supplying the generated synthesis gas to a combustion apparatus, So that the possibility of explosion of the syngas is completely eliminated.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for treating a syngas produced by a gasifier and subjected to a pretreatment process, the apparatus comprising: an analyzer for analyzing a composition of a synthesis gas; An explosion-proof device for maintaining the concentration of oxygen in the syngas discharged from the analyzer to be equal to or lower than an explosion lower limit threshold value; And a combustion device to which the synthesis gas discharged from the explosion-proof device is supplied.

It is preferable that a plurality of analyzers are provided.

The explosion-proof device includes: a gas holder for storing a syngas discharged from the analyzer; An oxygen concentration measuring sensor for measuring an oxygen concentration of the gas holder; And a supply pipe for supplying an inert gas to the gas holder.

Preferably, the explosion-proof device further includes a pressure regulating valve in the supply pipe to regulate the supply amount of the inert gas.

Preferably, the explosion-proof device further includes a pressure gauge for measuring the internal pressure of the gas holder.

And a gas pump for supplying the syngas discharged from the gas holder to the combustion device.

The lower limit of the explosion lower limit of the syngas is preferably 3.5%.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for measuring an oxygen concentration of a syngas which has passed through at least one analyzer, A second step of comparing the oxygen concentration measured in the first step with a lower explosion threshold value; If the oxygen concentration measured in the first step is higher than the lower explosion threshold value, an inert gas is supplied to the gas holder where the syngas is stored, and if the oxygen concentration measured in the first stage is lower than the explosion lower limit threshold, To a device; And a process for treating the syngas.

According to the present invention, the oxygen concentration of the synthesis gas is kept lower than the lower limit threshold before the produced synthesis gas is supplied to the combustion apparatus, thereby completely eliminating the possibility of the synthesis gas explosion.

1 is a view showing a syngas processing apparatus according to the present invention.
2 is a view showing an explosion-proof device according to the present invention.
3 is a flow chart showing a synthesis gas treatment method according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to designate the same or similar components throughout the drawings. In the following description of the present invention, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present invention rather unclear.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the following embodiments can be modified into various other forms, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a view of a syngas processing apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a view showing an explosion-proofing apparatus according to the present invention.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the synthesis gas processing apparatus 100 according to the present invention includes an analyzer 120 for analyzing a composition of a synthesis gas produced by a gasifier and subjected to a gas pretreatment process; An explosion-proof device (130) for maintaining the concentration of oxygen in the syngas discharged from the analyzer to be equal to or lower than an explosion lower limit threshold value; And a combustion device 140 to which synthesis gas discharged from the explosion-proof device is supplied.

The syngas produced by the gasifier is supplied to the gas pretreatment device 110 at a temperature of 1000 ° C or higher to 20 to 30 atm. In the gas pretreatment apparatus 110, the fine dust and condensed water are removed, and the pressure is lowered through the pressure control valve 150 to supply the synthesis gas at normal pressure and room temperature to the analyzer 120.

One or more analyzers 120 are provided to measure the composition of CO, H2, CO2, CH4, O2, H2S, COS, SO2, HCl and the like of the synthesis gas. The gasification post- Since the composition of the gas differs from one process to the next, several analyzers are simultaneously required to know the composition of each gas.

The syngas discharged from each of the analyzers 120 is combustible and contains explosive gases. The exhaust gas of the analyzer 120 for measuring CO 2, NO x, SO x, and the like generated in the combustion apparatus 140 and the oxidizing equipment for lowering the concentration of hydrogen under the catalytic reaction using oxygen in the downstream process using syngas, Of oxygen. The analysis gas that measures the gas concentration at the downstream of such a device contains oxygen, which may cause a condition that the syngas is measured and may be exploded when mixed with the exhaust gas.

Therefore, it is important to maintain the oxygen concentration of the syngas discharged from the analyzer 120 to be below the lower explosion limit. For this purpose, the explosion-proof device 130 is applied in the present invention. The explosion-proof device 130 includes a gas holder 131 for storing the syngas discharged from the analyzer 120 and an oxygen concentration measuring sensor 134 for measuring the oxygen concentration of the gas holder 131; And a supply pipe 136 for supplying an inert gas to the gas holder 131.

The explosion prevention device 130 includes a pressure control valve 132 mounted on the supply pipe 136 for adjusting the supply amount of the inert gas and a pressure gauge 133 for measuring the internal pressure of the gas holder 131, And may further include a gas pump 135 for supplying the syngas discharged from the gas holder 131 to the combustion device 140. [

The synthesis gas discharged from each analyzer is collected in a gas holder 131. The oxygen concentration is measured by an oxygen concentration measurement sensor 134 mounted on the gas holder 131 and the oxygen concentration is maintained at the lower limit of the explosion. .

When the total amount of the synthesis gas discharged from the analyzer 120 becomes less than the suction flow rate of the gas pump 135 having the rated flow rate, a negative pressure is generated in the gas holder 131 Air can leak into a weak place. If the concentration of oxygen in the syngas can not be maintained below the lower limit of the explosion due to air, it may lead to a local explosion from ignition sources. Therefore, N 2 , which is an inert gas, must be sufficiently supplied so that the oxygen concentration contained in the synthesis gas can always be kept below the lower explosion limit so that no negative pressure is generated in the gas holder 131.

The pressure measuring device 133 is a device required for the gas pump 135 to send the mixed syngas of the gas holder 131 to the remote combustion device 140. The pressure of the downstream end of the analyzer 120 A negative pressure lower than the normal pressure may be generated at the front end when the gas pump 135 performs the suction action. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the flow rate of the gas pump 135 until the pressure of the gas holder 131 becomes negative pressure due to the gas pump 135, and the reference of the adjustment is the signal of the pressure meter 133 The pressure of the gas holder 131 is always kept constant.

The reason why the pressure of the gas holder 131 must be constant is that a reliable analytical value can be obtained if the flow rate and pressure of the gas flowing into the analyzer 120 are maintained at the same conditions as those when the standard gas is measured.

The pressure regulating valve 132 is installed in the supply pipe 136. Since the supply pressure of the inert gas N 2 is usually 7 to 8 bar, if the valve is opened only in the gas holder 131, N 2, which is an inert gas, When the oxygen concentration of the holder 131 becomes lower than the lower explosion limit value, the valve is closed.

The explosion-proof device 130 automatically adjusts the gas composition of the gas holder 131, in which the gas passing through the analyzer 120 is collected, from entering the explosion range. The control method is to measure the oxygen concentration in real time so as to exist below the minimum oxygen concentration (MOC) from the lower limit of explosion calculated from the explosion range of the main gases, and to supply excess gas N 2 as the inert gas After the analyzer 120, a gas explosion by the explosive gas is prevented from occurring in the gas holder 131. Table 1 below shows the explosion range of major gases.

Gas type Explosion range (%) H 2 4 to 74 CH 4 5 to 15 C 2 H 2 2.5 to 81 C 2 H 4 2.7 to 36 C 2 H 6 3-12 C 3 H 8 2.1 to 9.5 C 4 H 10 1.9 to 8.5 CO 12.5 to 74

To determine the minimum oxygen concentration, the lower explosion limit of the mixture should be obtained first and calculated using Equation (1).

Figure pat00001
(One)

here,

LEL mix : Lower Explosive Limit (Vol%) of gas mixture

LEL i : Lower Explosive Limit (Vol%) of Components in Gas Components

y i : mole fraction of components in components such as gas

n: number of components such as gas

For the coal gasification process commonly H2: contains about 18%: 35%, CO: 40%, CH4: 2%, CO2: 10%, N 2. Among these syngas produced in the gasification process, the explosive gas is H 2 , CO, CH 4, and the like. The general explosion limit for syngas in the coal gasification process calculated from the above values is 6.5%.

The MOC of a typical hydrocarbon compound is predicted as a product of the stoichiometric oxygen partial pressure and the lower explosion limit for the complete combustion reaction of flammable material and oxygen, and is calculated using Equation (2).

MOC = (LFL) x (theoretical O2 molar number for complete combustion) (2)

The MOC is 3.5% because the lower limit of explosion is 6.5% and the theoretical O2 mole number for complete combustion is 0.54.

It is safe that the concentration of oxygen in the mixed syngas of the gas holder 131 should be kept at least 3.5% or less when using the plurality of analyzers 120 according to the present invention. The minimum oxygen concentration is also low because the syngas contains a considerable amount of hydrogen with the lowest explosion range. In the case of four analyzers 120, since the flow rate of the discharged gas is generally 1 to 2 L / min per analyzer 120, the capacity of the gas pump 135 is set at 20 L / min considering the safety factor of 2, If oxygen is not measured by the sensor 134, the flow rate of the pump is lowered to the inverter. For example, when the oxygen concentration is lowered to 1%, the alarm is set. When the oxygen concentration is lowered to 1% ) Is opened to supply N 2 , which is an inert gas, so as not to detonate.

3 is a flow chart showing a synthesis gas treatment method according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the first step S100 of measuring the oxygen concentration of the synthesis gas passing through the at least one analyzer 120 is performed, and the oxygen concentration and the explosion lower limit threshold value measured in the first step are compared with each other (S200). ≪ / RTI > If the oxygen concentration measured in the first stage is higher than the lower explosion threshold, an inert gas is supplied to the gas holder (S300) where the syngas is stored (S300). If the oxygen concentration measured in the first stage is lower than the explosion lower threshold, (S400) to the combustion apparatus.

The syngas processing system according to the present invention has the effect of completely eliminating the possibility of the syngas explosion by keeping the oxygen concentration of the syngas lower than the lower limit threshold before supplying the generated syngas to the combustion apparatus.

The foregoing description is merely illustrative of the technical idea of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention but to limit the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be construed according to the following claims, and all technical ideas within the scope of equivalents should be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is.

100: Synthetic gas treatment system 110: Gas pretreatment device
120: Analyzer 130: explosion-proof device
131: Gas holder 132: Pressure regulating valve
133: pressure measuring instrument 134: oxygen concentration measuring sensor
135: gas pump 136: supply piping
140: Combustion device

Claims (8)

An apparatus for treating a syngas produced by a gasifier and subjected to a pretreatment process,
An analyzer for analyzing the composition of the syngas;
An explosion-proof device for maintaining the concentration of oxygen in the syngas discharged from the analyzer to be equal to or lower than an explosion lower limit threshold value; And
And a combustion device to which the syngas discharged from the explosion-proof device is supplied. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the plurality of analyzers are installed. The method according to claim 1,
The explosion-
A gas holder for storing a syngas discharged from the analyzer;
An oxygen concentration measuring sensor for measuring an oxygen concentration of the gas holder; And
And a supply line for supplying an inert gas to the gas holder. The method of claim 3,
The explosion-
Further comprising a pressure regulating valve in the supply line for regulating the feed rate of the inert gas. The method of claim 4,
The explosion-
Further comprising a pressure gauge for measuring the internal pressure of the gas holder. The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising a gas pump to supply syngas discharged from the gas holder to the combustion device. The method of claim 3,
And the lower limit of the explosion lower limit of the syngas is 3.5%. A first step of measuring oxygen concentration of the synthesis gas passing through at least one analyzer;
A second step of comparing the oxygen concentration measured in the first step with a lower explosion threshold value;
If the oxygen concentration measured in the first step is higher than the lower explosion threshold value, an inert gas is supplied to the gas holder where the syngas is stored, and if the oxygen concentration measured in the first stage is lower than the explosion lower limit threshold, To a device; ≪ / RTI >
KR1020150042975A 2015-03-27 2015-03-27 Syngas Treatment System and Method KR20160116205A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114653317A (en) * 2020-12-22 2022-06-24 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for safely operating oxidative dehydrogenation reactor, oxidative dehydrogenation reaction device and application
CN116401963A (en) * 2023-06-08 2023-07-07 海纳云物联科技有限公司 Method, device, electronic equipment and system for predicting gas explosion probability

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20130018888A (en) 2010-05-18 2013-02-25 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 Method for preventing ignition in mill and device for preventing ignition in mill
KR20140048412A (en) 2012-10-12 2014-04-24 삼성중공업 주식회사 Apparatus for preventing explosion for oil drilling apparatus

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20130018888A (en) 2010-05-18 2013-02-25 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 Method for preventing ignition in mill and device for preventing ignition in mill
KR20140048412A (en) 2012-10-12 2014-04-24 삼성중공업 주식회사 Apparatus for preventing explosion for oil drilling apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114653317A (en) * 2020-12-22 2022-06-24 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for safely operating oxidative dehydrogenation reactor, oxidative dehydrogenation reaction device and application
CN116401963A (en) * 2023-06-08 2023-07-07 海纳云物联科技有限公司 Method, device, electronic equipment and system for predicting gas explosion probability
CN116401963B (en) * 2023-06-08 2023-10-27 海纳云物联科技有限公司 Method, device, electronic equipment and system for predicting gas explosion probability

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