KR20150128551A - Photo-Bioreactor for Photosynthesis Autotrophic Organisms - Google Patents

Photo-Bioreactor for Photosynthesis Autotrophic Organisms Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20150128551A
KR20150128551A KR1020150045458A KR20150045458A KR20150128551A KR 20150128551 A KR20150128551 A KR 20150128551A KR 1020150045458 A KR1020150045458 A KR 1020150045458A KR 20150045458 A KR20150045458 A KR 20150045458A KR 20150128551 A KR20150128551 A KR 20150128551A
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
reactor
gas
light
medium
light source
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KR1020150045458A
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Korean (ko)
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조재훈
정문근
차예리
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에스케이이노베이션 주식회사
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Publication of KR20150128551A publication Critical patent/KR20150128551A/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
    • C12M1/04—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with gas introduction means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C12M23/04—Flat or tray type, drawers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/06—Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers
    • C12M29/08—Air lift
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M3/00—Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M31/00—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light
    • C12M31/10—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light by light emitting elements located inside the reactor, e.g. LED or OLED

Abstract

The present invention relates to a photobioreactor having light scattering particles or a pallet ring inside a cylindrical reactor having a light source at a central portion, thereby maximizing optical efficiency.
The photobioreactor according to the present invention is excellent in light efficiency and can cultivate a high concentration of photobioreactors and is useful for culturing efficient photosynthetic autotrophic organisms by increasing the driving convenience.

Description

Photo-Bioreactor for Photosynthesis Autotrophic Organisms < RTI ID = 0.0 >

The present invention relates to a photobioreactor having light scattering particles or a pallet ring inside a cylindrical reactor having a light source at a central portion, thereby maximizing optical efficiency.

Global oil and natural gas depletion and instability of the supply and demand system are being created. In addition, restrictions on the use of fossil fuels are becoming apparent in order to protect ecosystems such as climate change and environmental destruction. As a result, countries around the world are making efforts to increase the efficiency of existing thermal power generation as well as new and renewable energy, and to raise the environment friendly. Biological energy production technology using photobiore is attracting attention as a technology to replace existing fossil energy have.

Photosynthetic autotrophic organisms can grow using water, carbon dioxide and sunlight, and they can be cultivated anywhere in wastelands, coasts, and oceans, and they do not compete with existing land crops in terms of land or space. Photosynthetic autotrophic organisms accumulate large amounts of lipids (up to 70%) in vivo according to culture conditions, and the oil (lipid) production per unit area is 50-100 times higher than conventional edible crops such as soybeans, The possibility is very high. Biodiesel, which is produced from photosynthetic autotrophic organisms such as microalgae, can reduce pollutants such as fine dust and sulfur compounds as compared with conventional diesel fuel, and is suitable as an environment friendly vehicle fuel.

In recent years, due to the increase in prices of cereal resources due to the production of biofuels and concerns about food resources, research on the use of photosynthetic autotrophic organisms has focused on the production of biofuels for transportation, In addition to basic research such as microbial improvement, reactor and system research, application research is proceeding on a large scale.

These photosynthetic autotrophic organisms can be cultivated in large quantities and, unlike edible crops, can be harvested on a daily basis. In addition, the photosynthetic autotrophic organisms can grow directly by absorbing the high concentration of carbon dioxide (15% level) in the by-product gas such as thermal power plants, so the effect of reducing carbon dioxide is also great. In addition, the photosynthetic autotrophic organisms have attracted great interest as potential production materials of high value added medicines, colorants, cosmetics, nutrients of proteins and carbohydrates, and fine chemicals. Carotene (Carotene ), Astaxanthin, anticancer drugs, and pharmaceutical proteins are being sold all over the world.

The production technology of high value-added products using photosynthetic autotrophic organisms is composed of four processes: 1) photosynthetic self-nutrient culture, 2) harvesting, 3) extraction of useful substances, and 4) product conversion. Among them, the cultivation process of photosynthetic autotrophic organisms is very important in terms of economic efficiency of the entire process. For example, in the case of microalgae biofuel production, microalgae cultivation, harvesting, oil extraction, and biodiesel conversion processes account for 42%, 22%, 20% and 16% of the total process, respectively.

In particular, in order to efficiently produce photosynthetic autotrophic organisms, the development of high efficiency photosynthetic autotrophic bioreactors and high concentration culture techniques has been attempted.

 Methods for culturing photosynthetic autotrophic organisms, such as microalgae, can be divided into two groups: outdoor culture and photosynthetic bioreactor bioreactors.

In the case of the outdoor culture method, for example, in the form of a pond or a water channel circulating the medium through the outer ring, it is difficult to cultivate a high concentration and to be contaminated by other microorganisms, thereby increasing the cost of recovering the photosynthetic product There are disadvantages. Accordingly, researches on photosynthetic bioreactors having the advantage that high concentration of photosynthetic autotrophic organisms can be cultivated and pollution by other microorganisms can be prevented is mainly performed.

Korean Patent No. 1319241 discloses a photobioreactor using solar light. This photobioreactor concentrates sunlight and feeds it to a flat plate reactor along an optical fiber installed between a condensing panel and a reactor to grow algae. It uses solar light as a light source, so it is inexpensive and uses a large amount of optical fiber It is possible to uniformly supply sunlight to the interior of the reactor, thereby increasing the light irradiation efficiency. However, the optical fiber has a disadvantage in that it is difficult to efficiently cultivate the optical fiber due to its high optical transmittance.

Korean Patent No. 0986732 discloses a photobioreactor having a cylindrical shape. This reactor maximizes the efficiency of the photobioreactor by using a cylindrical stacked light source, but it has a disadvantage in that the type of the light source is limited and the volume occupied in the reactor becomes larger as the light source is stacked, thereby decreasing the efficiency.

As a result of intensive efforts to solve the above problems, the inventors of the present invention have found that the inclusion of light scattering particles or a pall ring reflecting light on a medium in a reactor allows scattering of incident light, And the present invention was completed.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a photobioreactor having a light source at a central portion and containing light scattering particles or a pallet ring in the medium, thereby increasing the light efficiency.

In order to accomplish the above object, the present invention provides a reactor comprising a cylindrical reactor; A light source located at the center of the reactor; A gas inlet for supplying a gas to the lower portion of the reactor; And a gas outlet provided at an upper portion of the reactor for discharging gas.

The present invention also provides a method for producing a photobioreactor, comprising the steps of: (a) mixing a medium with light scattering particles or a pallet ring in a photobioreactor; And (b) supplying a gas to the reactor to flow the light scattering particles or the pallet ring and the medium, and supplying light from the light source to propagate the photosynthetic self-feeding organism. to provide.

The present invention also relates to a reactor comprising: a cylindrical reactor; A light source located at the center of the reactor; A gas inlet for supplying a gas to the lower portion of the reactor; A gas outlet installed at an upper portion of the reactor to discharge a gas; A medium flowing up and down by the gas supplied by the gas supply device; And a light scattering particle or a pallet mixed with the medium to scatter light incident from the light source.

The photobioreactor according to the present invention is excellent in light efficiency and can cultivate a high concentration of photobioreactors and is useful for culturing efficient photosynthetic autotrophic organisms by increasing the driving convenience.

1 shows a photobioreactor according to the present invention.
2 is a result of fluid simulation of the photobioreactor according to the present invention.
3 is a flow simulation result of a photobioreactor including light scattering particles according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In general, the nomenclature used herein is well known and commonly used in the art.

Conventional photobioreactors supply light from a light source located at one side, and other light sources or reflection devices are disposed on the other side to uniformly supply light to the inside of the reactor. However, this method has a problem that the light utilization efficiency is lowered because the light of the light source is counted to the outside, not the reactor, and the efficiency of the growth of the photosynthetic autotrophic organisms declines because the light can not be uniformly supplied to the interior.

The present inventors have proposed a method for increasing the efficiency of cultivation of photosynthetic autotrophic organisms by locating the light source at the center of the reactor to increase the efficiency and scattering the light of the light source by mixing light scattering particles or a pallet ring So that the culture efficiency of photosynthetic autotrophic organisms was improved.

Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention provides a reactor comprising: a cylindrical reactor; A light source located at the center of the reactor; A gas inlet for supplying a gas to the lower portion of the reactor; And a gas outlet provided at an upper portion of the reactor for discharging gas.

In the present invention, the light source 100 may be located at the reactor central part 201. Other photobioreactors have a light source on one side and reflect light from the light source using a mirror-like reflector on the other side. When a light source is provided on one side, a photosynthetic autotrophic organism is concentrated on a wall surface of a light source to block light, so that a photosensitized autotrophic organism spreads in the internal medium using a reflection device on the other side. However, in the present invention, since the light is scattered into the reactor using the light scattering particles 220 floating in the inside or the pallet ring, the light source 100 is installed in the reactor central part 201 having the best light efficiency, And light is uniformly supplied to the inside of the reactor 200 by using light scattering particles 220 or a pallet mixed in the medium 300. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the phenomenon that the photosynthetic autotrophic organisms are concentrated on the wall surface to block the light source, thereby increasing the efficiency of the reactor. At this time, the light source can use artificial light or natural light, but it is preferable to use artificial light because natural light is not uniform in time and amount of sunshine. Further, it is more preferable to use a photodiode (LED) which is easy to control the wavelength in artificial light and has excellent light conversion efficiency.

In the present invention, the reactor 200 has a cylindrical shape, and the light source unit 100 is installed in the central portion 201. The reactor 200 is made of a transparent material such as polycarbonate, glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene or the like, and grows a photosynthetic autotrophic organism mixed with the medium 300 through the light from the light source 100. In addition, since it is necessary to cultivate photosynthetic autotrophic organisms isolated from the outside environment, it is made into a closed type without open space. The reactor 200 has a penetration part 201 in which a light source part 100 is installed at a central part and is formed into a cylindrical shape in order to efficiently distribute light of the light source.

In the present invention, a side of the reactor 200 is provided with a feed inlet 202 for feeding a new medium, and a discharge outlet 203 for discharging the cultured medium 300 is provided on one side of the lower side of the reactor 200 And the like. The medium of the present invention contains nutrients of photosynthetic self-organisms and is mixed with the existing medium 300 which is introduced into the medium input part 202 and is remained therein to grow the photosynthetic autotrophic organism. When a certain amount of photosynthetic autotrophic organisms are generated, a medium discharge port 203 located on one side of the lower side is opened to recover a predetermined amount of medium to obtain a photosynthetic autotrophic organism. In addition, in addition to this method, the apparatus may be operated continuously by discharging the medium from the discharge port 203 at a predetermined speed while feeding the medium through the discharge port 202 at the side.

In the present invention, the reactor 200 includes a gas inlet 210 for supplying gas at a lower portion thereof, a gas supply portion 211 for introducing gas into the gas inlet 210, (212). ≪ IMAGE > Although photosynthesis autotrophic organisms are generally cultured by supplying air, some anaerobic algae may interfere with their growth if air is supplied. Therefore, inactivated gases such as nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, can do. The photosynthetic activity of these photosynthetic self-feeding organisms is the process of producing nutrients and oxygen by using carbon dioxide and light. To purchase the carbon dioxide, it is necessary to purchase commercially available carbon dioxide, or to use the exhaust gas of the power plant, Carbon dioxide emission gas of the process can be used. Also, the gas can be mixed according to the characteristics of each photosynthetic autotrophic organism, and water vapor can be mixed and supplied for the purpose of raising the temperature.

In the present invention, the reactor 200 includes a medium 300 flowing upward and downward by a gas 213 supplied by the gas inlet 210, and a light source 300 which is mixed with the medium 300, Scattering particles 220 or a pallet ring that scatters light incident from the light-scattering particle 220 are introduced to enable the cultivation of a photosynthetic autotrophic organism. Previously, the photobioreactor reflected the light incident on one side using a mirror on the other side and supplied it to the photosynthetic autotrophic organisms inside the reactor. However, as the amount of photosynthetic autotrophic organisms increased, The difference in luminosity of the photosynthetic autotrophic organisms is increased, which interferes with the growth of photosynthetic autotrophic organisms. However, in the present invention, the light scattering particles 220 or the pallet ring are mixed with the inner medium 300 of the reactor 200 to scatter incident light, and light can be uniformly supplied to the photosynthetic self- have.

In the present invention, the light scattering particles 220 may be composed of one or more particles selected from a glass powder, a metal powder, a reflection-coated polymer powder, and a reflection-coated glass powder. The light scattering particles 220 are composed of particles capable of scattering light. The glass powder is refracted by the glass and scattered in all directions. The other metal powder and the reflection plating powder scatter the light reflected on the outer surface in all directions.

In the present invention, the light scattering particles 220 may have a density of 0.8 g / mL to 1.2 g / mL. The light scattering particles 220 have a density (1 g / mL) similar to that of water, which is the main component of the medium to be supplied, and float inside the medium 300 without sinking to the bottom of the reactor. In addition, since the medium always moves in a fluid state by the gas 213 supplied from the lower side, the light scattering particles 220 inside the medium 300 do not sink to the bottom.

In the present invention, the pole ring may be formed of a polymer material or ceramic. Polling is a structure in which a plurality of partition walls are formed at the center of a porous cylinder having a porous structure and floated inside the reactor or filled in a part or all of the reactor to help the fluid mix. In the present invention, the poles float inside the reactor, and scatter the incident light while moving inside the reactor in accordance with the movement of the inlet, and mix the reactants inside the reactor. At this time, it is preferable that the poling is made in white in order to smoothly scatter the incident light.

In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing a photobioreactor, comprising the steps of: (a) mixing a medium and light scattering particles in a photobioreactor; And (b) supplying a gas to the reactor to flow the light scattering particles or the pallet ring and the medium, and supplying light from the light source to propagate the photosynthetic self-feeding organism .

In the present invention, the photosynthetic autotrophic organisms may be microalgae or cyanobacteria, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The present invention, in a further aspect, relates to a reactor comprising: a cylindrical reactor; A light source located at the center of the reactor; A gas inlet for supplying a gas to the lower portion of the reactor; A gas outlet installed at an upper portion of the reactor to discharge a gas; And a light scattering particle or a pall ring mixed with a medium flowing up and down by the gas supplied by the gas supply device to scatter light incident from the light source part.

[Example]

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. It is to be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and that the scope of the present invention is not construed as being limited by these embodiments.

Experimental Example  One: Flow  Simulation (Flow Simulation) Experiment

The flow inside the reactor using Solidworks was simulated. The initial conditions are the same as those in Table 1 below, and the boundary conditions are the same as those in Table 2.

Initial condition Thermodynamic parameters Static Pressure: 101325.00 Pa
Temperature: 20.05 C Velocity parameters Velocity vector
Velocity in X direction: 0 m / s
Velocity in Y direction: 0 m / s
Velocity in Z direction: 0 m / s Turbulence parameters Turbulence intensity and length
Intensity: 2.00%
Length: 0.002 m

Boundary condition Inlet Volume Flow Type Inlet Volume Flow Faces Face <1> @main body 170w.10t.1000h-1 Coordinate system Face Coordinate System Reference axis X Flow parameters Flow vectors direction: Normal to face
Volume flow rate: 1.0000 l / min
Fully developed flow: No
Inlet profile: 0 Thermodynamic parameters Temperature: 20.05 C Turbulence parameters Turbulence intensity and length
Intensity: 2.00%
Length: 0.002 m Boundary layer parameters Boundary layer type: Turbulent

The reactor was assumed to have a height of 1 m and an inner diameter of 160 mm. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, a vortex was naturally formed due to the optical tube inside the reactor in the flow of the fluid, and the fluid inside the reactor was smoothly mixed. Also, as shown in Fig. 3, even when the light scattering particles having the same density as the fluid were added, the mixing of the fluid was not observed.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that such specific embodiments are merely preferred embodiments and that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto will be. Accordingly, the actual scope of the present invention will be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

100:
200: reactor
201: penetration part for inserting the light source part
202:
203: Badge outlet
210: gas inlet
211: gas supply unit
212: gas outlet
213: Gas bubble
220: Light scattering particles
300: Badge

Claims (13)

A cylindrical reactor;
A light source located at the center of the reactor;
A gas inlet for supplying a gas to the lower portion of the reactor; And
A gas outlet installed at an upper portion of the reactor to discharge a gas;
And a photocatalytic reactor.
The photobioreactor according to claim 1, wherein the light source unit is a light emitting diode.
[2] The photobioreactor according to claim 1, wherein the reactor further comprises a medium input unit for supplying the medium and a medium outlet connected to the lower side of the reactor for discharging the medium.
The photobioreactor according to claim 1, wherein the reactor further comprises a gas supply unit for supplying gas to the gas inlet.
The method according to claim 1, wherein light scattering particles or a pall ring, which is mixed with a medium flowing up and down by the gas supplied by the gas introducing part, for scattering light incident from the light source part is introduced, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; 1, &lt; / RTI &gt; wherein culturing is possible.
6. The photobioreactor according to claim 5, wherein the light scattering particles are at least one selected from the group consisting of glass powder, metal powder, reflective plated polymer powder, and reflective plated glass powder.
6. The photobioreactor according to claim 5, wherein the light scattering particles have a density of 0.8 g / mL to 1.2 g / mL.
6. The photobioreactor according to claim 5, wherein the photosynthetic autotrophic organism is a microalgae or a cyanobacteria.
The photobioreactor according to claim 5, wherein the poling is made of a polymer material or a ceramic.
10. The photobioreactor according to claim 9, wherein the poling is made in white.
A method for culturing a photosynthetic autotrophic organism using the photobioreactor according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising the steps of:
(a) mixing and supplying the medium with light scattering particles or a pall ring; And
(b) supplying a gas to the reactor to flow the light scattering particles or the pallet ring and the medium, and supplying light from the light source to propagate the photosynthetic self-feeding organism;
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the photosynthetic autotrophic organism is a microalgae or a cyanobacterium.
A cylindrical reactor;
A light source located at the center of the reactor;
A gas inlet for supplying a gas to the lower portion of the reactor;
A gas outlet installed at an upper portion of the reactor to discharge a gas; And
A light scattering particle or a pall ring mixed with a medium flowing up and down by the gas supplied by the gas supply device to scatter light incident from the light source portion;
Lt; / RTI &gt;
KR1020150045458A 2014-05-08 2015-03-31 Photo-Bioreactor for Photosynthesis Autotrophic Organisms KR20150128551A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106066379A (en) * 2016-06-21 2016-11-02 常州市环境科学研究院 Bloom blue algae is by wind disturbance Vertical Migration analog round the clock
CN109152983A (en) * 2017-05-08 2019-01-04 蒙罗伊·桑佩里·卡洛斯 For capturing and the system of air pollution monitoring object
KR20190136200A (en) 2018-05-30 2019-12-10 주식회사 동아하이-택 bioreactor for inducing germination and differentiation

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106066379A (en) * 2016-06-21 2016-11-02 常州市环境科学研究院 Bloom blue algae is by wind disturbance Vertical Migration analog round the clock
CN109152983A (en) * 2017-05-08 2019-01-04 蒙罗伊·桑佩里·卡洛斯 For capturing and the system of air pollution monitoring object
KR20190136200A (en) 2018-05-30 2019-12-10 주식회사 동아하이-택 bioreactor for inducing germination and differentiation

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