KR20150093765A - Method for treating heavy fuel oil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates in particular to a process for the treatment of heavy oil on ships which are used as fuels for diesel engines, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) supplying heavy oil (OIL1) ; b) directing the heavy oil OIL1 provided for processing in step a) to the centrifuge 7 using at least one pump 4 and at least intermittently or permanently Transferring heat for processing before reaching the centrifuge 7; c) separating the water phase W and the sludge phase S from the clean oil phase OIL2 in the centrifugal separator 7;

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for treating heavy oil,

The present invention relates in particular to a method for processing on heavy oil vessels for use as fuel for diesel engines.

According to the on-line encyclopedia WIKIPEDIA, "heavy fuel oil" (HFO) in the context of the present invention is a residual oil from the classification plant or distillation plant of mineral oil processing, for example, A steam engine with an oil burner and a fuel for a large diesel engine on a ship.

The international trade name for such petroleum is marine (residual) fuel oil (MFO); The American term Bunker C is also often used.

As is known, the heavy oil before it is combusted in a diesel engine or other unit, in particular to comply with ISO 8217, can be removed from the heavy oil by a solids-settling or centrifugal separator and has a given minimum diameter D (depending on the respective internal combustion engine, In particular, aluminum (compound), for example Si or SiO ₂ , referred to as catalyst fines or cat fines, Such as silicon (compound)), in particular on a ship, by means of a purification treatment to remove the heavy particles and the aqueous phase of the abrasive.

The ratio of the so-called abrasive catalyst fine of the heavy oil for processing as a starting material in the prior art and process according to the invention is preferably higher than the upper limit of 60 mg / kg (ppm) It should be small.

In particular, the content of the catalyst particles should be clearly low so that the abrasive does not damage the diesel engine.

In this connection, according to the design of the diesel generator, the upper limit of 20 ppm or even 15 ppm or 10 ppm or even 5 ppm should be adhered to.

This should be accomplished on board, in particular with a minimum level of complexity.

A known system for processing heavy oil on a vessel is shown in Fig.

Heavy oil OIL1, which is flowed and processed from the tank not shown through conduit 101 (with valve 102 connected to the conduit) and having a starting temperature T0, is first introduced into a soil trap 103, such as a sieve, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > solid.

The heavy oil is then delivered to the heat exchanger 105 by the pump 104, where the heavy oil is heated to 98 占 폚.

The heated heavy oil is transferred from the outside of the heat exchanger 105 to the centrifugal separator, which is a three-phase separator, through the conduit portion 106, where the soil / water W is separated from the heavy oil, Where the heavy oil is purified to remove the solid phase S containing the catalyst particles of the abrasive material and being removed through the outlet 109.

The treated heavy oil phase (OIL2) - "clean oil" - is delivered out of the separator 107 through outlet 110 for further use.

Which may be delivered to an intermediate tank (not shown) or directly to the combustion of the diesel engine.

The heat exchanger 104 preferably supplies thermal oil or a saturated or hot vapor (hereinafter referred to as "HS") as a thermal energy-releasing medium, And contributes to heating the heavy oil flowing backward.

This method can be further improved.

It is an object of the present invention to solve this problem.

The present invention accomplishes this object by a method having the technical features of claim 1 and the additional independent claim of claim 11.

At least an intermittent or permanent increase of the separation temperature according to claim 1 increases the separation efficiency.

In this way, low catalytic particle content and, in each case, even lower catalytic particle content at 100 占 폚 or 105 占 폚 or even higher than 115 占 폚, or even 115 占 폚, can be achieved with a clean oil.

An additional particularly advantageous feature is the selective heating of the two stages.

First, in this way, the increase in temperature to a very high separation temperature does not actually need to be performed until just before the separation operation.

In addition, the stepwise, particularly two-stage heating of the heavy oil for processing is carried out by means of at least one centrifugal separator which is heated to the separation temperature and used for flow through the heat exchanger to discharge heat back- , In particular a "clean oil" which is directed to the outside of the (three phase) separator, is intended to heat the heavy oil to a temperature which is still heated to the first temperature (T1) but still below the separation temperature (T2).

This reduces the amount of overall heat required to heat the heavy oil at the separation temperature T2 and keeps the clean oil temperature below the temperature T2 in the downstream pipeline,

The invention of claim 11 additionally achieves an optimized closed-loop control of the inventive method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 as well as a general method.

To a method for processing on a ship of heavy oil used as a fuel for a diesel engine, or to an advantageous method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps:

a) supplying heavy oil (OIL1) for processing,

b) direct the processing of the heavy oil (OIL1) provided for processing in step a) to the centrifuge using at least one pump, and preferably before reaching the centrifuge at a separation temperature (T2) And delivering the heat for heating; and

c) The aqueous phase (W) and the sludge phase (S) are separated from the clean oil phase (OIL2) in the centrifuge (7) while one or more of the following steps d) Separating,

d) the catalytic particle content (Cat Fines IN) of the heavy fuel oil, especially before it is heated for processing, is determined as the sensor device 11, e) the amount of cleaned or treated clean oil discharged Determining that the catalyst particle content (Cat Fines OUT) is the sensor device or the second sensor device,

f) the catalyst particle content determined from step d) and / or step e) is used as the process variable (s) in the closed loop control process and the determined process variable (s) Steps used in a closed loop control unit for closed loop control of pump throughput.

It is desirable to use the following as process variables.

- the current fuel consumption of the engine,

- the current fuel level of the clean oil tank,

- the content of catalyst particles in the heavy oil and / or clean oil being ingested or discharged and / or the ratio of the current service tank overflow.

Still other preferred embodiments are subject of the dependent claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the drawings.

1 is a facility of the present invention for treating heavy oil.
Figure 2 is a well-known facility for treating heavy oil.
3 is a tank layout diagram for storing heavy oil.
Figure 4 is a tank layout with an overflow-dependent closed-loop pump control system to store heavy oil.

In the installation according to figure 1 the heavy oil OIL1 for the processing from the tank HT1 through the conduit 1 (together with the valve 2 connected thereto) is connected to a soil trap 3 ), The coarse solids are preferably removed.

At this time, the heavy oil OIL1 for processing is passed from the tank T1, preferably by the pump 4, wherein the heavy oil has a starting temperature T0 of, for example, 40 DEG C and 60 DEG C, At this time, the heavy oil is heated via the first heating device, in particular the first heat exchanger 5A, to a temperature T1 which is relatively higher than the starting temperature TO, preferably T1, which is a first temperature of 60 DEG C to 80 DEG C do.

The heavy oil heated to the first temperature T1 is passed from the first heating device, in particular the first heat exchanger 5A, to the second heating device, preferably the second heat exchanger 5B, , Wherein the heavy oil is heated at least intermittently or permanently to a second temperature (T2) which is higher than the elevated first temperature (T1).

This temperature T2 is higher than 98 占 폚, preferably 100 占 폚, especially 105 占 폚 and preferably 110 占 폚.

A separation temperature up to 125 캜 is preferred, but is particularly desirable in the range between 100 캜 and 115 캜, because the complexity of the apparatus can still effectively be controlled in this range, but on the other hand, In particular, good separation results are achieved on the side.

The heavy oil OIL1 heated to the second temperature T2 is directly moved from at least one centrifugal separator 7 to the outside of the second heat exchanger 5B into the three- The soil / water phase W is separated from the heavy oil and discharged through the outlet 8 where the heavy oil is purified so that the removed solid phase S is discharged through the outlet 9.

Purification for separation of the water phase from the oil phase and removal of the solids can also be performed in two centrifuges connected in series (a purifier and a phase separator).

As shown in Fig. 2, additionally, the process water P is provided to the separator 7.

Preferably, the heavy oil takes only a very short time from the passage of the second heat exchanger until it enters the centrifuge, which means that the heavy oil directly flows from the second heating device, which is the second heat exchanger (5B) Phase separator 107 to be passed or passed through the centrifugal separator.

Advantageous in this procedure is that the heavy oil prior to reaching the centrifuge can not be able to lose heat or to some degree of substantial relevance that compromises the processing operation.

The treated heavy oil phase-less OIL2 or synonym "clean oil ", is moved out of the separator 7 through the outlet 10 for further use.

Preferably, the clean oil prior to entering the tank or internal combustion engine is used as a means for releasing thermal energy, in order to release heat energy into the heavy oil introduced for processing.

In this way, the heavy oil leaving the separator 7 is advantageously used to heat the heavy oil to the first temperature T1 in the first heat exchanger 5A, while on the other hand, And this heavy oil can be stored in a particularly simple manner.

The recovery of energy obviously increases the economics of the processing method because the energy consumption for heating the heavy oil to the separation temperature is reduced overall.

In the second heat exchanger 5B, the thermal energy release means used may be particularly saturated or hot steam (HT) or another suitable means, whereby only at a first temperature (T1) T2) to heat the heavy oil.

(In the direction of the conduit 13 and in the two directions) through the two heat exchangers 5A and 5B for the first time, for a moment, until the appropriate operating temperature of the heat exchanger is reached, It is possible for the heavy oil to pass through for circulating processing.

It is advantageous to use the sensor device 11 for the measurement of the catalyst particle content of the dirty oil in the heavy oil incoming for processing - for example before heating - for processing (catfine inflow) into the separator.

Preferably, the measurement of the catalyst particle content (catfine inflow) is carried out using a cleaned or treated clean oil discharged to the same sensor device 11 or the second sensor device 12, for example, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > directly < / RTI > from clean oil.

In this example, for example, the ratio of particles having an average diameter less than the allowable value (especially less than 10 mu m) can be determined.

Such measurements need not be performed directly in real time.

Alternatively, it is also possible to sample samples analyzed (for example, at intervals of several hours in each case) with an appropriate sensor system for the catalyst particle content - principally a commercially available sensor system.

At this time, the determined measured value is effectively transmitted to a computer unit, not shown here, and the computer unit is used as a (closed loop) control device for controlling the equipment shown in FIG. 1, Is used in conjunction with the pump 4 for the closed-loop control of the throughput and / or the separation temperature T1.

The closed-loop control can be carried out as described above, or alternatively or alternatively, on-line measurement of the catalyst particle content can be done in real time.

In this way, the processing scheme can be precisely controlled.

The closed loop control variable used may be a catalyst particle content referred to as the process variable in the clean oil tank and / or the current fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine, as an actual level, and is maintained below the setpoint.

It is therefore possible to obtain the present fuel quality (catalyst particle or "catfine content" of the heavy fuel oil for processing according to defined limits) and the separation efficiency of the current mode of engine operation in a very efficient manner, It is possible to adjust it.

Decreased throughput increases separation efficiency. In addition, the electrical energy consumption is also reduced when the feed pump speed is reduced.

It is therefore advantageous to arrange a control device, in particular a frequency converter, in the pump 4, in order to be able to vary the speed of the supply pump in a simple manner, preferably under closed loop control.

In this simple manner, the throughput of the processing method may be used for closed loop control as one or more of the following measurement parameters or process variables:

b) Current fuel consumption of the engine

c) the current fuel level of the clean oil tank

a) Current catalyst particle content ("Catpine content" at clean oil outlet)

An at least intermittent increase in the separation temperature of 98 DEG C or higher as described improves the separation efficiency and enables the achievement of very low catalyst particle content.

The proportion of catalyst particles in the abrasive can be lowered in a simple manner to the limits defined by the engine manufacturer, which can also be 20 ppm or 15 ppm or 10 ppm or less.

With the additional temperature rise, the result of the separation process is further improved, but at temperatures up to 115 ° C the demand of the device is lower than at higher temperatures.

It is particularly advantageous to heat the heavy oil preferably at two or more stages with the separation temperature (T2) higher than 98 deg. C, in particular above 100 deg. C or 105 deg. C, Is particularly advantageous.

Many of the steps increase economic efficiency, because they can recover energy.

However, it may also be considered to heat or heat the heavy oil directly to the separation temperature (T2) in only one heating device.

This approach, which is a working method of the present invention, is described in more detail with reference to the results of an exemplary test conducted on board a ship.

Measurement
number Flow rate [L / h] Separation temperature [캜] Cat fines [ppm] IN Cat fines [ppm] OUT Efficiency [%] One 7800 98 19 11 42 2 7800 105 21 6 71 3 2000 97 23 7 70 4 2000 110 23 3 90

This includes the measurement of the catalyst particle content of the dirty oil (catfine inlet) coming in to be processed by the separator on a ship equipped with the type of equipment according to FIG. 2 and the clean oil (catfine exhaust) leaving the separator have.

As can be seen above, the high separation temperature of the heavy oil higher than 100 ° C, in particular higher than 103 ° C, preferably higher than 105 ° C and higher than 110 ° C, and the additional-necessary and possibly- And achieves very good results in terms of particle content (cat fines contents).

Figure 3 shows a particularly advantageous tank arrangement with several tanks connected in a particularly advantageous manner to each other in the arrangement of Figure 2;

In Fig. 3, the heat exchanger and the more detailed configuration of Fig. 1 are not included in the drawings to improve clarity.

There are provided two service tanks ST3 and ST4 and two fixed tanks ST1 and ST2 into which one of clean oil OIL2 or another heavy oil OIL1 can be introduced for processing as required.

Therefore, the conduit 10 is connected to all of the tanks ST1 to ST4.

The tanks ST1 to ST4 also each have at least one outlet.

These outlets can each be opened by valves V1 to V4 in a desired manner.

In Figure 2, all the outlets are also open to the injection port 1.

This arrangement can be managed in a particularly flexible manner and can provide options for the storage of various quality oils and for the pre-processing of oils stored in the tank for a long period of time by the first "circulating" have. At this time, the oil is "pretreated" at a temperature lower than, for example, 98 DEG C, and the preheated odor is returned to the same tank.

The embodiment of FIG. 4 substantially corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 3, but is supplemented with an overflow-dependent closed-loop pump control system.

For this purpose, the service tanks ST3 and ST4 have at least one overflow conduit 201, 202 directed to the service tanks ST1, ST2.

The overflow conduits 201 and 202 should preferably be located in the lower area of the service tanks ST3 and ST4 in order to enable any possible deposit in the service tanks ST1 and ST2 to be recycled .

A flow indicator (FIC) is connected to each of the overflow conduits.

These are connected to the closed loop control device 203, which only uses the process variable or the flow rate into the overflow conduit as one of the process parameters that is considered and used for the closed loop control of the pump 204.

The throughput of the pump 104 is closed loop controlled via a flow indicator 203 connected in the overflow conduit.

1: conduit
2: Valve
3: Soil trap

Claims (12)

CLAIMS 1. A method for processing on a ship of heavy oil used as a fuel, particularly as fuel for a diesel engine, comprising the steps of:
a) supplying heavy oil (OIL1) for processing;
b) directing the heavy oil (OIL1) provided for processing in step a) to the centrifuge using at least one pump and before reaching the centrifuge at least intermittently or permanently at a separation temperature (T2) Heating and delivering for processing, and
c) separating the aqueous phase (W) and the sludge phase (S) from the clean oil phase (OIL2) in the centrifugal separator (7).
The method according to claim 1,
One condition for the intermittent heating of the heavy oil for processing from step b) to the separation temperature (T2) is that the cat fines content, which can be separated in a centrifugal field, Wherein the first upper limit of the input heavy oil and / or the second upper limit of each clean oil is exceeded.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the heating of step c) is carried out in one step.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that heating of step c) is carried out with at least two constituent steps c1 and c2.
5. The method of claim 4,
In the construction step c1, the heavy oil OIL1 for processing is delivered through a first heating unit, in particular a first heat exchanger 5A, wherein the heavy oil is heated to a first temperature T1,
The heavy oil OIL1 for processing in the constituent step c2 is preferably transferred to a second heating device which is a second heat exchanger 5B, at which time a second temperature T2, which is higher and higher than the first temperature, ≪ / RTI > is heated to < RTI ID = 0.0 >
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
Wherein the heavy oil for processing is immediately delivered to the centrifuge after reaching the separation temperature < RTI ID = 0.0 > (T2). ≪ / RTI >
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
Wherein the thermal energy of the clean oil (OIL2) exiting the centrifuge is used to heat the heavy oil (OIL1) for processing.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The thermal energy of the clean oil OIL2 discharged out of the centrifuge is dissipated in the heavy oil first heat exchanger 5A for processing to heat the heavy oil for processing to the first temperature T1 A method for processing heavy oil.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
Characterized in that the separation temperature (T2) is higher than 100 ° C, in particular higher than 105 ° C and particularly preferably higher than 110 ° C.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
Characterized in that the supply output of the pump (4) is regulated.
10. A method for processing heavy oil used as fuel for fuels, in particular diesel engines, or for the processing of heavy fuels according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
a) supplying heavy oil (OIL1) for processing;
b) directing the heavy oil (OIL1) provided for processing in step a) to the centrifuge, in particular by using at least one pump, and preferably before proceeding to the centrifuge at a separation temperature (T2) And delivering the heat for heating; and
c) separating an aqueous phase (W) and a sludge phase (S) from the clean oil phase (OIL2) in the centrifugal separator (7)
Characterized in that one or more of the following steps are also carried out:
d) the catalytic particle content (catfine influx) of the heavy fuel oil, especially before it is heated, for processing, is determined by the sensor device 11,
e) the catalyst particle content (cat-peen exhaust) of the cleaned or treated clean oil being discharged is determined to be the sensor device (11) or the second sensor device (12)
f) the catalyst particle content determined from step d) and / or step e) is used as the process variable (s) in a closed-loop control process and the determined process variable (s) T2) and / or the closed-loop control of the throughput of the pump (4).
12. The method of claim 11,
A method for processing heavy oil characterized in that the following are used as process variables:
- the current fuel consumption of the engine,
- the current fuel level of the clean oil tank,
- the content of catalyst particles in the heavy oil and / or clean oil being ingested or discharged and / or
- Current service tank overflow rate.

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