KR20140127193A - AC Power Line Communication System - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention replaces a switch in a series connection between an alternating power and a plurality of loads in parallel connection and carries out controlling or communicating by using alternating current power which transmits changes in waves of basic frequency of the alternating current power source around zero crossing by mapping the changes, and realizes a method to easily and efficiently acquire power necessary for a transmitting unit in communication from an element of the transmitting unit. The present invention does not use Triac for phase control but uses MOSEFET having many benefits for communication.

Description

[0001] AC POWER LINE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM [0002]

An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for controlling or communicating using an AC power line that maps and transmits information to a waveform change of a fundamental frequency of an AC power source near a zero crossing point and is effective in terms of energy consumption, Lt; / RTI >

In addition, when the transmission portion of the communication is separated and placed at an arbitrary place such as a conventional indoor wall switch or an external street lamp switch, the power itself for operating the transmission portion can be easily and easily generated without using separate wiring or bulky components and circuits It also includes an easy way to obtain economically from an AC power source.

In a control or communication using an AC power line for mapping and transmitting information to a change in fundamental frequency waveform of an AC power source, a transmitter for transmitting a response to the communication with the receiver or a receiver for checking operation such as a failure of the receiver or a load connected thereto Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > information. ≪ / RTI >

A. Power line communication using phase control of AC power

The power line communication related to the present invention mainly transmits information by mapping information to a waveform change near the zero crossing point of the fundamental frequency of the AC power source. An example of the prior art is as follows.

 Patent No. 10-1222170 " Light control apparatus and lighting system including the same "

This is a method of transferring information to each lighting load by mapping the timing point of the triac turning on by using the classic triac phase control method. It is possible to transmit information using the existing installed power line as it is. However, since the output of the transmitter and the receiver of the lower stage are connected in parallel as described in claim 1, the switch position of the existing indoor wiring to which the switch circuit is connected in series It can not be installed as an alternative.

In the representative diagram, since Triac is used to transmit power, the Triac device has higher voltage applied to both ends of the device when it is turned on, so that it consumes a large amount of power. When the phase control signal is generated from the zero crossing time The power transmission efficiency is low and the heat generation is large due to a long period of time in which the power transmission is not actually performed. Considering that constant voltage drop occurs, cumulative power consumption is not good in terms of energy efficiency.

Even when the triac is always conducting, the cross over distortion due to the voltage drop of the device itself occurs at the zero crossing point. However, since the voltage fluctuation occurs due to the phase control at a relatively high voltage, which is relatively far away from the zero crossing point, The distortion and the distortion of the waveform of the AC power supply are so severe that the quality and efficiency of the electric power such as the distortion factor are kept low at all times.

In this patent, the transmitter needs to supply the necessary power from the AC / DC power supply to each component, which must be applied to a commercial AC / DC circuit composed of parts having high withstand voltage to make a low DC power from a high AC power supply. Which is complicated and costly.

 Patent No. 10-1194366 " Unidirectional power line communication device "

[0008] In a section of a switch comprising a switch and a transmitter including a phase control circuit connected in parallel to the switch, the range includes a MOSFET, a diode, a resistor and a capacitor, And the like. In other words, it is determined that the switch determines whether or not to change the phase, and the mode of the phase change is determined by determining the value of the resistor and the capacitor to determine one value and the phase control time. However, But there is a disadvantage that the pattern of the phase controlled waveform is fixed. In addition, the present invention does not provide concrete means for generating a power source required by the power line communication transmitting unit only when it is determined that the power source line is required efficiently.

 Patent No. 10-1308894 entitled "

Claim 1 of the present invention has a semiconductor switching element and a control signal generator composed of a FET, a zener diode, and a resistor connected in parallel to the semiconductor switching element. 4 of FIG. 4 includes a microcomputer for controlling a switching element, and controls the phase of a voltage applied to the load by interrupting the switching element.

In this patent, similarly, when the switch element is turned on, current of the normal waveform is transmitted, and when the switch element is turned off, the fixed phase control time determined by the Zener diode and the resistance value is determined. There are disadvantages.

The present invention does not provide a means for generating the power required by the power line communication transmitting unit pursued only when it is determined that the power line is required efficiently.

B. How to make the power used by the power line communication transmitter

In the case of a general switch that controls the power line, most of the electric contacts are configured to be interrupted by physical force by the user. When the contact is made conductive, power is supplied to the load. do.

If additional circuit such as microcomputer for additional function is added to serial switch that controls AC commercial power, in case of control of power line by electrical contact to obtain power to drive it, if switch is in the conduction state , It is structurally difficult to directly obtain power from a power line because the voltage across the switch is close to 0V.

For these additional circuits using power, it is necessary to use AC / DC Convert which is connected to power line separately and converts to low DC voltage power source, resulting in not only the cost but also the volume of the transmitter and installation problem. An example of a method of obtaining the driving power of the transmitting section is as follows.

 Patent No. 10-1015649 entitled "RF Switch Controller Power Supply for Lamps"

A power supply connected in series between the AC power source and the load. When the power is turned on, the voltage applied to the switching device is low. Therefore, the voltage is converted to a high voltage using a current booster (transformer) DC converter to the power supply voltage of the RF switch controller. There are disadvantages to take the complicated configuration of current booster and rectifier, AC / DC converter, and DC / DC converter to supply power to MCU.

 Registration Utility Model 20-0246094 "Power Supply for Remote Switch"

This is a design method for power supply for phase control using Triac. In the device of Triac Q1 of FIG. 1 of the present invention, when the device is switched off and cut off, the voltage across both ends of the device is pulled to acquire the necessary power for the control circuit. As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 of the present invention, in order to pull the power, the range of the phase control to be blocked by the Triac must be more than a certain level, and fundamentally, there is a disadvantage against the MOSFET of the application of the Triac (Q1).

(Patent Document 1) (Patent Document 1) KR10-1222170 B1 (Patent Document 2) (Patent Document 2) KR10-1194366 B1 (Patent Document 3) (Patent Document 3) KR10-1308894 B1 (Patent Document 4) (Patent Document 4) KR10-1015649 B1 (Patent Document 5) (Patent Document 5) KR20-0246094 Y1

none

The present invention is to realize advanced AC power line communication that overcomes the problems or disadvantages of the prior art described in the Background of the Invention.

A method of reducing the negative side caused by the waveform of an alternating current by using the triac element when information is transmitted by mapping the information to the waveform change near the zero crossing point of the fundamental frequency of the AC power source is derived.

A method of minimizing the problem due to the shape of a waveform even when connected to any external device controlled through an outlet or the like, compared to a case using a Triac device.

In addition, according to the conventional technology disclosed in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3, the phase control is performed using a FET, a resistor, a capacitor or an FET, a resistor, and a zener diode, And it is difficult to obtain the optimum efficiency due to the above-mentioned problems.

In the technologies of the prior art, it is difficult to generate the transmission power of the controller such as the MCU and the display unit in the vicinity of the switch circuit when the switch is turned on in the switch circuit. Therefore, The present invention solves the problem that a separate construction or a complicated circuit must be mobilized in order to obtain a power source for driving the transmitter, thereby realizing economical implementation.

 In the case where the load connected to the receiving end of the communication is LED illumination, it is common to use a transistor, which is a means for controlling the brightness of each of the LEDs, and controlling the brightness of the LEDs. Considering the heat generation and capacity of the transistor, the PWM control is generally controlled on and off alternately. This is because the control is performed in the On and Off regions of the load curve of the transistor, .

LED lighting can be controlled by PWM control at a specific frequency or duty ratio. If LED lighting is operated by appropriately adjusting the ratio, there is light emitted from the lighting, and if the light is detected again by the transmitter, Visible light communication is possible. Even when the LED illumination is not a load, the LED illumination can be installed in the load and used as such a means of visible light communication.

In the control or communication using the AC power line that maps and transmits the information to the change of the basic frequency waveform of the AC power source when using this, it is necessary to check whether the communication with the receiving part is successful or the operation of the receiving part, It can be used as a method of transmitting information from a receiving unit to a transmitting unit.

In order to control the waveform phase near the zero-crossing of the fundamental frequency of the AC power supply, instead of the conventional Triac, a "MOSFET switch part" of a combination of a reverse series or parallel connection of a MOSFET and a MOSFET or a combination of a MOSFET and a zener diode in parallel connection Used as a means. At this time, all cases including the parasitic diode (body diode) are included or are not included in the MOSFET device. A single MOSFET with a parasitic diode (body diode) can also be used to configure the 'MOSFET switch'. [Fig. 2], [Fig. 3] and [Fig. 4] include examples thereof.

When the MOSFET of the 'MOSFET switch' is turned on, the normal waveform power is delivered to the receiver. When the Zener diode is turned off, the parasitic diode is connected to the parasitic diode and if the two MOSFETs are connected in the reverse direction, The voltage is used to obtain the necessary power from the transmitter, and the voltage applied across the device causes the waveform to change, which is interpreted by the receiver to communicate.

[Patent Literature] [Patent Literature] Patent Literature 2 and Patent Literature 3 also use FETs. In Patent Document 2, a circuit portion for generating a phase control including a diode, a resistor and a capacitor is connected to the gate of the FET, and the operation of the actual phase control uses a separate switching element. In the case of Patent Document 3, the device configuration is the same.

In comparison with this, in the present invention, a circuit or an element that performs a function of a control input for a microcomputer or other immediate operation is connected to the gate of the MOSFET switch part, and a voltage is generated at both ends of the element And transmits information repeatedly periodically, if necessary, to obtain a power source required by the transmitter using the voltage across the device.

 Particularly, a major reason for using a MOSFET is that a voltage is applied to a gate instead of a structure for controlling current by flowing current, so that power consumption is extremely low in the switching process, which simplifies the configuration of the power supply circuit and improves the power efficiency.

  If the load of the receiver is LED lighting, in case of the transmitter installed in a position where it can directly or indirectly receive the optical signal of the illumination, a photodiode or phototransistor for extra light reception is added and an amplification circuit for amplifying a weak optical signal is added In order to detect the AC component of the optical signal diverging from the LED lighting and to output the light by controlling the receiving part of the specific LED load by PWM by the power line communication and to detect it by the transmission part, It is possible to confirm whether or not the normal operation of the LED illumination receiving unit as the load is confirmed. Whether or not the communication is successful or the normal operation of the load is not limited to the LED load but can be confirmed by adding a portion for LED light emission to other types of loads.

If existing wires are installed in a building like a star building, it is possible to install a transmitter for communication through a power line by replacing the existing switch mechanism without changing the existing wire connection. In order to replace the transmitter part with the existing switch part without changing the existing equipment as much as possible, the power source for operating this transmitter is to apply a relatively large volume of AC / DC parts that either re-install the wires or induce a voltage as a transformer, It must be a size suitable for existing installed switchgear, which may cause problems to be mounted on the installed part.

 When the means of the present invention is used, the voltage applied to both ends of the 'MOSFET switch unit' is used as it is, or it is made small as the power source for driving the transmitter by boosting the voltage. In the case of the indoor lighting, for example, the power control transmission unit may be located in place of the switch box buried in the existing wall, the connection may be made like the existing switch contact point, and the brightness of the illumination light, It is easy to install because the load side receiver of the communication control device can be equipped with an LED or the like provided internally or externally.

In the case of performing phase control using Triac in order to transmit control information to each receiving side at the transmitting side, since the power drop in the ON state when the triac is driven is larger than that of the forward diode or the ON state as in the present invention, It is superior to the conventional method using Triac in the power loss part of the invention. In the case of transmitting the phase control information at the time when the triac is turned on, since the magnitude of the power source to be blocked is larger, the power transmission efficiency of the present invention is relatively high.

 For example, if one of the diodes and the MOSFET is always on or the zener diode is connected to the receiving side, Since only low voltage below the diode breakdown voltage is applied to the device, components with low withstand voltage, including diodes and MOSFETs with low reverse breakdown voltage, can be used, which is small and economical compared to Triac.

Compared with the case of using Triac, it is advantageous in terms of accumulated energy loss when the transmitted power waveform is less distorted and the voltage drop which is always applied across the device is taken into consideration. In the case of using Triac, the sinusoidal waveform until a certain time point shows a waveform falling to a voltage of 0, but in the present invention using a diode or zener diode in a direction opposite to that of the MOSFET, the sinusoidal waveform itself is not dropped to zero, A voltage drop between both ends of the device occurs only as much as a drop or a zener diode reverse breakdown voltage, so that the shape of the electric power waveform is similar to the original waveform, and no noise due to a sudden voltage fluctuation occurs. These advantages are advantageous not only in the power transmission efficiency but also in the thermal problem generated in the device, so that it is possible to make a product with a closed structure without considering the miniaturization or air convection structure.

In the case of Patent Document 2 or Patent Document 3 of the prior art in which different devices are used instead of Triac and the switch is set aside but there is no clear information about the switch, the gate of the MOSFET is not controlled timely, This is disadvantageous in comparison with the fact that the present invention can directly control the gate voltage of the MOSFET by directly controlling the voltage drop in the 'MOSFET switch part' and the like in terms of efficiency. The advantage of the configuration that it can generate a signal to obtain the voltage required by the transmitter at the desired time is the structure that always conducts normally and there is no voltage drop so it can supply much power to the load. Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > controllable < / RTI >

The same advantage can be obtained by applying a reverse MOSFET instead of a zener diode to the MOSFET switch or by using a MOSFET device including a parasitic diode. However, the effect of the invention is similar, except that the shape of the waveform of the fundamental frequency is slightly different depending on the Zener diode, the parasitic diode and the MOSFET, for the purpose of deriving the power source or for communication.

  In the case of diodes, forward bias less than 1V is mainly applied, and the voltage is relatively low. Therefore, it is preferable to use a boost circuit if possible. In the case of applying a forward bias in the case of applying a zener diode, it is the same as that of a diode. In the case of a structure in which power is obtained by using a breakdown voltage in a reverse direction, the breakdown voltage of the zener diode Since the abnormal voltage is not applied, the circuit protection function is basically implemented and the voltage up to the breakdown voltage is generated. Therefore, the power can be easily obtained by utilizing the zener diode having the breakdown voltage advantageous to generate the necessary power supply voltage of the transmitter. There is a merit that a step-up circuit is unnecessary in the stage.

In the case of a MOSFET in which a common diode is connected in parallel or a MOSFET in which a parasitic diode is incorporated or a case in which the MOSFETs are arranged in parallel, the voltage applied across the switching portion varies depending on the timing of applying a signal to the gate controlling the power supply of the MOSFET. And the power supply circuit of the rear stage is simplified when the control is performed with a time corresponding to the power supply voltage (for example, 3 V) required by the transmission section.

Therefore, the "0" signal for transmission maps to the case where the MOSFET is always on. When the "1" signal is transmitted, the power of the transmitter is turned on at a time later than the normal time And the information is transmitted to the receiver side. The normal zero crossing time is short when the zero crossing time is "0", but it is long when it is "1" and it is advantageous to use a simple circuit for communication.

In addition, if the light receiving part and the amplifying circuit are provided in the transmitting part and the load is individually controlled so as to transmit the light of a specific waveform to the receiving part of the LED lighting and the function of confirming it in the transmitting part is performed, It is possible to obtain the effect of simultaneously verifying the abnormality of the lighting. Therefore, when several LED lights are connected to one power line, it is possible to remotely manage the respective faults. Even if the load is not LED lighting, if LED lighting is added to perform the same function, there is a benefit in the management and maintenance of the communication system itself.

[Figure 1]
In which the present invention is applied to the illumination of a star building by replacing a switch connected in series in a lighting indoor wiring of a star building with a "switch transmitter" and adding a "receiver" to each load connected in parallel to each other.
[Figure 2]
Is an example showing the detailed configuration of the " switch transmitter " of FIG. There is a terminal 1, terminal 2 which is connected in series with the external AC power supply, and a 'MOSFET switch part' with D1 Zener diode and Q1 MOSFET connected in parallel in reverse direction is connected to terminal 1 and terminal 2. The GATE of the MOSFET is connected to the output port of the 'transmission side control part' which is a component of the 'switch transmission part' for on / off for communication, and the voltage applied to both ends of the MOSFET switch part is connected to the reverse current prevention diode D2, And is used as a power source of the 'transmission side control unit' via the smoothing capacitor C1.
[Figure 3]
Is another example showing the detailed configuration of the " switch transmitter " of FIG. The forward bias voltage across the diode of the Q1 MOSFET with the reverse diode is lowered by the L1 Inductor and Q2 MOSFET, the D1 diode, the C1 capacitor, and the PWM circuit to the diode included in the Q1 MOSFET and the lower forward bias voltage needed by the ' It includes a DC / DC circuit that boosts the voltage, and a charge pump circuit block to make the gate voltage to drive the Q1 MOSFET is included.
[Figure 4]
Is another example showing the detailed configuration of the " switch transmitter " of FIG. The circuit for minimizing the power consumption of the additional circuit required for communication is constituted by a MOSFET in parallel and Q2 performs the same function as the switching of the other examples described above. However, in the case of two Q1 shown in the figure, D1 diode, switching is possible with lower impedance than forward switching characteristic of diode. Q1 can be selected from N-channel or P-channel MOSFET as shown in the figure. Respectively.
[Figure 5]
Is an example of a "receiver" in FIG. Block of the receiving side of the load side As an example of the circuit of the receiving part for recovering the information sent from the transmitting side in the AC power supplied to the load side of the load side, pass through the D3 bridge diode performing the zero crossing function and the R1 resistor and the PC1 photocoupler, And generates a zero crossing pulse. A control signal corresponding to a unique ID stored in the ID storage unit is analyzed to generate an analog signal or a PWM control output signal through an On / Off signal or DA Convert. An example of a simple zero crossing circuit is included. Depending on the type of load, in the case of a module such as a lamp, the receiving portion of [Fig. 4] can be integrated with the load.
[Figure 6]
In contrast to the information when the AC power transmitted from the transmitting side connected in series with the load is transmitted through the D1 zener diode of FIG. 2, when transmitted through the Q1 MOSFET, the waveforms of Q1 and D1 The operation time is indicated and the PC1 output signal of the PC1 photocoupler of FIG. 4 through the circuit of the load side receiver is a zero crossing output, and the wave form is indicated. If the zero-crossing waveform is short as shown in the figure, it indicates mapping to "1" when it is "0", and accumulates the signals continuously to restore the information on the transmission side.

In order to change the waveform of the fundamental frequency of the AC power supply near the zero crossing point, either a parallel connection of the MOSFET and the Zener diode or a parallel or series connection of two MOSFETs in the reverse direction, or a parasitic diode A circuit composed of the included MOSFETs is called a 'MOSFET switch part'. In the previous two cases, the case where each MOSFET has a parasitic diode is also included. By applying a switching On / Off signal to the gate of the MOSFET of the MOSFET switch part, the power of the 'transmission side control part', which is a circuit part for controlling the transmission side of communication, is utilized by utilizing the voltage across the MOSFET switch part Due to the voltage drop across the 'MOSFET switch', a distortion occurs in the waveform of the power delivered to the load side of the receiver in series and communication is performed by the receiver analyzing the deformation.

In a typical indoor wiring, the load and the switch are configured as shown in Fig. The switch transmission unit of FIG. 1 may be configured at a mechanical switch position, and the switch transmission unit may process input by various switches such as a tact switch or a touch switch to be pressed, an external infrared remote control, a Bluetooth remote control, a Wi- , RF communication including ZigBee, ISM band, wireless communication of other frequency band or optical communication such as IR, visible light communication, or UART, CAN, RS-485, RS-232, SPI, I2C, Wired communication means

Or voice and / or sound recognition means. The 'switch transmission unit' may temporarily store information that can not be processed in real time while temporarily storing the temporary storage space in order to process the external information that is quickly transmitted to these communication units, and may add a means for performing asynchronous sequential transmission processing.

The detailed configuration of the 'switch transmission unit' of FIG. 1 can be illustrated by [FIG. 2] and [FIG. 3]. FIG. 4 illustrates the "receiver" in FIG. Referring to the internal structure of the 'receiver' of FIG. 4, the power input is converted into AC / DC to output a control output signal to the load. In some cases, power is supplied to the 'load controller' Although the example of generating the zero-crossing signal using the bridge diode and the photocoupler of the PC1 is shown, it is possible to make a zero-crossing signal in various ways, and the information mapped to the width of the zero- And the control output of the controller is made. FIG. 5 shows an example in which bit information is mapped to a waveform distortion in the vicinity of a zero crossing of a power supply input.

The 'switch transmission unit' of FIG. 3 and FIG. 3 are more specifically described as a 'terminal unit' or a 'connection unit' of the terminal 1 and the terminal 2 connected in series with the AC power source. There is a 'power generating unit' which derives the voltage applied to both ends of the 'MOSFET switch unit' to generate a power source necessary for driving the 'transmission control unit' of the 'switch transmitting unit'. 2, the L1 inductor, the Q2 MOSFET, and the PWM portion are added to the portion constituted by the D2 diode and the C1 capacitor for the backflow prevention (FIG. 3) and the D1 diode and C1 capacitor for the backflow prevention It corresponds to the case of boosting.

And a 'transmission side control unit' for controlling the gate of the 'MOSFET switch part'. The 'transmission-side control unit' includes a microcomputer and determines the time point of zero crossing and transmits information

It controls the gate of the MOSFET and judges the case where the transmission power of the transmission side control unit itself is insufficient, so that the power of the MOSFET can be obtained by interrupting the gate of the MOSFET of the MOSFET switch unit. However, in general, The driving power is supplied at all times and unnecessary information generated when the gate of the MOSFET is intermittently driven to obtain the power simply does not occur.

 If it is possible to output the signal by judging the switching time, all other devices are possible without limitation to the microcomputer. In the case of a MOSFET used for switching, switching can be performed with a low resistance value. In the case of a device requiring small power for gate control It is applicable.

 The 'switch transmitting unit' may further include a wired communication I / F module or a wireless communication module for communicating with the outside, a 'display unit' for displaying specific information, a mechanical operation or touch information generated by a hand, , An 'input unit' for receiving and analyzing image information and other external information or control signals.

To summarize the present invention, a 'switch transmitter' connected in series to the AC power source, 'one receiver' connected in series with the 'switch transmitter', and a 'load' connected thereto. The 'switch transmission unit' is composed of a 'terminal unit' or a 'connection unit', a 'MOSFET switch unit', a 'power generation unit' A wired communication module, or means for connecting to an external circuit that performs these functions.

Let's look at the process of causing a waveform distortion that can map information for communication around zero crossing at the 'MOSFET switch' and obtain a 'switch transmitter' supply at both voltages. When a switching element such as a diode or a MOSFET made of a semiconductor is used, there is a constant voltage applied to both ends of the element even in the conduction state of the power supply. In case of Off, the voltage that is divided by the impedance of the load is applied to the semiconductor switching element. The power of the 'switch transmitting unit' can be made.

When the MOSFET is in the off state and the forward current flows to the parallel diode, the forward bias voltage around 0.6V is applied across the diode or zener diode and the rest are all loaded, so power is transferred to the load below 0.5% do. In the case of a Zener diode with a breakdown voltage of 5V, the Zener diode consumes about 2% of the power. In this case, a stable 5V voltage required from the 'switch transmitter' in half the waveform of the zener diode's reverse AC power can be obtained across the diode. In addition, MOSFETs. Even when the operation is out of normal operation time, the circuit protection function can be performed because the voltage is not applied beyond the breakdown voltage when the Zener diode is mounted.

When the MOSFET device is turned on, a MOSFET having a very low Rds On resistance generates a voltage close to 0 V and almost all of the power can be transferred to the load. Due to recent developments in technology, MCUs have extremely low power consumption, and some models are operated at voltages below 1 V. Since the power consumption is extremely low due to sleep mode operation until a wake up interrupt for low power operation occurs, In case of bias voltage, DC / DC step-up circuit which makes high voltage by control of coil and switching element can be added to obtain power, and even if charge pumping circuit using capacitor is used, high voltage power for MCU other devices Can be converted.

Recently, there are many types of MOSFETs that have a built-in parasitic diodes (structure diodes) for structural reasons. They have diodes in the reverse direction of the MOSFET current conduction and have a low bias voltage of 1V or less. This is possible.

     In order to minimize the energy loss while obtaining power from the 'switch transmitter', it is advantageous to supply a large amount of power to the load by turning on the MOSFET for half a period of AC power when the power of the transmitter circuit is sufficient. It is also important that the power supply is detected separately and the MOSFET is turned off or the information is continuously transmitted at a constant cycle so that the power of the transmitting side is always sufficient. The amplitudes and widths of the half-waves of AC power supplied to the load side are different depending on whether or not the MOSFET is driven at the transmitting side, and the digital information can be transmitted at the transmitting side and recovered at the receiving side.

   The invention of [Prior Art Document] uses a resistor, a capacitor or a zener diode, but the phase control time is fixed and the voltage is zero during the control time, and the waveform distortion is severe. However, The distortion of the waveform is not severe.

The information is mapped to whether or not the waveform is changed before and after the zero crossing period according to whether the MOSFET is on or off, and it is determined whether or not the inventions of the prior art documents have made the voltage zero for a certain period of time through the phase control In order to obtain an advantage compared to the case where the information is mapped to the communication.

Depending on the power situation, the operation of the MOSFET can be turned on and off alternately. In this case, you can see the On and Off states of the MOSFET in the 'Receiver' section. Half of the AC power is due to the forward direction of the diode. When the MOSFET is ON, the width is widened. When the MOSFET is OFF, the power is transmitted to the sine wave having a longer width. Therefore, when referring to the zero-crossing waveform of the 'switch transmitting part' signal in the 'receiving part', a short width signal is generated when the MOSFET of the transmitting side 'MOSFET switch part' is on and a relatively long width So that the driving state of the MOSFET on the transmission side can be restored.

On the transmitting side, the information to be sent to the receiving side is serialized by shift register according to time, and the information is transmitted by responding to the operation of turning on and off the MOSFET for a certain time by serializing the signals "0" and "1" On the receiving side, by referring to the zero crossing signal of the transmission side power information, "0" and "1" are distinguished according to the width of the signal, and serialization is performed using a shift register or the like. . A circuit for boosting a low voltage in order to transmit a large amount of power to be used as a power supply voltage of a 'switch transmitter' may be optionally included in a 'switch transmitter' using a voltage applied during an Off time when power is cut off to a short time load side.

For a single MOSFET with a parasitic diode (body diode), a boost circuit is required to obtain power at a forward bias voltage of a lower diode, and when a power supply is obtained at a reverse bias, a zener diode with several tens of breakdown voltage It is preferable to precisely control the vicinity of the zero crossing for a short time so that only a voltage of less than several volts is applied when transmitting the " 1 " information in response to a situation where a high voltage is applied.

The case of using a "MOSFET switch part" in which two MOSFETs are connected in parallel in the reverse direction will be described. When only "0" information is transmitted, the transmission is when both MOSFETs are always On. Half of the alternating current flows fully to the first MOSFET, while the rest flows completely to the second MOSFET and the most power is transferred to the load. If the "1" information is transmitted occasionally, the voltage applied during Off can be used as the power of the 'switch transmitter'. In the case of the start of the half-wave, if it is late, the MOSFET is turned on and off quickly. In the case of the MOSFET which charges the power of the 'switch transmitter' with the applied voltage and flows the current in the reverse direction, it maintains the ON state at the half wavelength and transmits the maximum power. In this case, two MOSFETs may be N-channel and P-channel two kinds of MOSFETs so that gate driving is easy, and it is composed of one kind of MOSFET, but it may include a charge pumping circuit for making voltage necessary for driving GATE. .

 The case of connecting two MOSFETs with a parasitic diode in series is explained. Since the parasitic diodes exist in parallel, the structure in which two MOSFETs are connected in series in the reverse direction can be used for the same purpose. The voltage drop of one parasitic diode, which takes a forward bias in a case where it is connected in parallel, This is similar to the simple case of connecting the diodes in parallel with the MOSFET, which is not desirable considering cost effectiveness.

The reason why the above-mentioned various serial switching means can obtain the power of the 'switch transmitting unit' is that the parallel operation of the load including the plurality of receiving controllers enables each receiving unit to operate even in a high impedance standby state in which power is not supplied to the load This is because a certain level of current flows in the 'switch transmitter', and the driving power can be obtained by a simple circuit.

Will be described as an example of [drawing]. As shown in FIG. 2, in order to control an AC power source, a Q1 MOSFET is connected in parallel with a diode D1, which conducts in the opposite direction to the load, in a 'MOSFET switch part'. When the AC electricity flows in the direction in which the D1 diode configured in the opposite direction conducts, only the forward bias voltage of the diode according to the current is applied to both ends of the 'MOSFET switch portion' and becomes conductive. On the other hand, in the direction of current flow from DRAIN to SOURCE of Q1 MOSFET, the power supply voltage gradually increases in the initial off state according to the characteristics of AC power. In the state where Q1 MOSFET is not turned on, all the power supply voltage is between DRAIN and SOURCE And the Q1 MOSFET is gradually turned on until it is turned on. This voltage can be derived as a stable power through a 'power generation part' composed of a D2 diode and a C1 capacitor for preventing reverse current.

In the case of the diode D1 of the MOSFET switch part, in case of using the Zener diode [Fig. 2], even if Q1 is not operated, since the breakdown voltage is not automatically applied to the entire circuit by the Zener diode, Can be used. In the case of the above-mentioned "1" output, since Q1 is not required to be driven, it is convenient to control. However, in order to transmit a large amount of power, it is preferable to turn on Q1 in a period in which the breakdown voltage is exceeded.

3, in order to transfer a large amount of power to the load side, when the parasitic diode is in the forward direction, the bias voltage is lowered around 0.7 V by using a MOSFET having a built-in parasitic diode. A step-up voltage step-up circuit is implemented by a PWM circuit that controls the L1 inductor and the Q2 MOSFET2, the D1 diode, the C1 capacitor and the Q2 MOSFET, or a voltage is applied in parallel to a plurality of capacitors When the charging is completed, use the charge pumping circuit that converts the parallel connected capacitors to the serial connection, and use it as the power source by boosting to the necessary voltage as necessary in the 'transmission side control unit'. In this case, even if there is no periodic data transmission, it is possible to always supply the power of the 'switch transmission unit' every half cycle of the AC power source, but the power circuit according to the voltage boosting circuit is complicated.

In the case of FIG. 2, since the power supply voltage charged in the C1 capacitor of the 'power generating unit' that charges the rear power source is discharged quickly when the internal power demand is high, the MOSFET of the 'MOSFET switch unit' It is more preferable to reduce the time required to supply power to the power supply circuit so as to supply more power to the power supply circuit. However, it is also useful to transmit the predetermined data periodically to cover the power supply. .

 In FIG. 2, the level of the sinusoidal waveform of the half-cycle voltage passing through D1 of the 'MOSFET switch part' does not change, but when the MOSFE is turned off in the half period where the current flows through the MOSFET Q1 of the MOSFET switch part, The voltage level is changed and the original alternating voltage whose time width is changed is applied to both ends of the MOSFET.

When the circuit illustrated in FIG. 4 is constructed such that the time for turning on and off the Q1 MOSFET of the MOSFET switch unit in the zero crossing peripheral time where there is not much power transmission is set to the width of the zero crossing time in the receiving unit on the load side Since information can be restored, it is accumulated and used as a means of transmitting information to control each load.

In FIG. 2, in the case of the 'transmission-side control unit', although the load can be controlled according to the input of the 'input unit' sensing the touch of a mechanical switch or a hand, It is already described that it is possible to transmit control information to the load side by receiving information for controlling each load by means of wireless communication means such as RS-485 communication, IR, visible light communication, and RF, and voice and sound recognition Respectively.

5, when the AC power signal from the 'switch transmission unit' passes through the D3 bridge diode and then through the resistor R1, and the signal from the PC1 photocoupler is pulled up to R2, generally known as the zero crossing circuit output of the AC power source And a waveform such as the output of PC1 in FIG. 6 is input to the load side control unit MCU through a zero crossing period in which the forward bias voltage of the diodes including the LED inside the photocoupler is not sufficiently supplied. The pulse width of the PC1 output can be seen from the transmitter side through the control of the Q1 MOSFET of the 'MOSFET switch part' of FIG. 2 periodically. As shown in FIG. 5, 1 " signal can be generated, and information accumulated in the 'switch transmission unit' can be restored when the signal is accumulated. .

In the above-mentioned communication method, when a code for controlling and including the ID or address of the load to be controlled is continuously sent to the receiver having the load, the receiver reassembles the signal to control the load at the rear end On / Off or power to the load can be fine-tuned, and for lighting, dimming information for brightness / color adjustment can be transmitted. In addition, when the zero crossing output signal reflecting the signal of the 'switch transmitting unit' periodically generated in the 'receiving unit' is locked by PLL (Phase Locked Loop) technique, the advantage of being able to read the 'switch transmitting unit' side information more stably have.

As shown in FIG. 1, when a 'switch transmission unit' is connected in series between a conventional AC commercial power source and a load, it can be easily installed without restriction of a conventional switch box or space and power consumption is reduced, It is possible to control the power of each load or adjust the brightness of the LED through the 'receiver' on the AC load side represented by LED light.

In case of controlling LED through power line control, PWM control operation of specific pattern such as individual LED is continuously operated for a certain time to check whether there is normal communication and normal operation of LED, etc., and it is weak in 'switch transmitter' When the signal is amplified and the specific pattern operation such as the LED of the receiver is checked, it is possible to simultaneously check whether the communication is normal and whether the LED of the receiver can be normally operated. If the process is sequentially performed on several LEDs, Can be remotely checked. It is very convenient for maintenance and maintenance if a light emitting unit such as an LED is added as a means for confirming to the 'switch transmitting unit' whether the communication is normally received or whether the load is normally operated without limiting the load to the LED and the like. Do.

When one of the power lines of the existing indoor wiring is selected and a new 'receiving unit' is added to the load to implement the present invention or a power line is installed for loads to which a new 'receiving unit' is added, There is no need to add a " receiving unit "

In this case, however, there is a need to control them through a newly installed 'switch transmitter'. A power line that does not newly add a 'receiver' connected to an existing load other than a power line to which the 'receiver' is connected is called a 'second power line'. The 'second power line' is a separate power line connected in parallel with the power line to which the 'receiving unit' is added and controls the interception of the 'second power line' by using the port of the 'transmission control unit' of the 'switch transmission unit' It is very convenient if possible.

Existing loads without a 'receiver' connected to the 'second power line' can also be powered by an external power source such as a touch or mechanical switch in order to respond to control signals or commands A device for executing a control command is required. A second power line switch element which is a relay or a Triac or SSR element only for intermittent operation of the 'second power line', and a power source which is always self-startable through the 'MOSFET switch part' and the 'power generation part' of the ' It is also possible to collectively control existing loads that do not need to newly install a 'receiver', because it is possible to control the load of the 'second power line switch device' by utilizing a 'transmission side controller' .

none

Claims (4)

In control or communication using an AC power line for transmitting information by mapping information to a change in waveform of an AC power source;
'MOSFET switch part' consisting of a diode connected in parallel with the MOSFET, or a second MOSFET in the reverse direction parallel to the MOSFET, or a single MOSFET element including a parasitic diode 'Both sides of the' MOSFET switch part ' The other is a 'terminal' or 'connection' that connects to the load in series; A 'transmission side controller' for generating a communication waveform by generating a switching On / Off signal in the MOSFET GATE of the 'MOSFET switch part'; And a control signal is applied to the gate of the MOSFET of the MOSFET switch unit according to the information to be transmitted by the 'transmission control unit' to transform the fundamental frequency waveform of the AC power to the 'receiver'; And the 'receiver' restores the information mapped to the deformation of the incoming AC power source fundamental frequency waveform. 1 < / RTI >
Reverse current prevention diode and a smoothing capacitor for stabilizing the power to use as the power of the 'transmission side control part' by using the forward or reverse bias voltage generated at both ends of the MOSFET switch part or the voltage applied when the MOSFET is off And a 'power generating unit' for directly converting the power source to a direct current power source or converting it to a direct current power source by using a voltage boosting circuit using an inductor or a capacitor is added. In control or communication using an AC power line for transmitting information by mapping information to a change in waveform of an AC power source;
If it is necessary to return the information transmitted from the 'switch transmitter' correctly or to inform the 'switch transmitter' whether there is a load operation error or not, the LED light added to the load controlled by the receiver or receiver may be used, The LEDs are used to individually control the receiving unit so as to perform intermittent operation of a specific waveform by using the LED illumination, and the light is output through a switch transmitter. The LEDs of the receiver unit Wherein the control unit detects the light emission of the light and interprets the information to determine whether normal communication with the receiving unit side is performed at the 'switch transmitting unit' side or whether the load of the receiving unit or the receiving unit is normally operated. Communication device 2 < / RTI >
A second power line connected in parallel to the AC power source and coupled to one or more loads separately from the power line to which the 'receivers' are connected; A second power line switch element which is a relay or Triac or SSR element for interrupting the 'second power line'; And the intermittent control signal of the 'second power line switch device' is generated at a port of the 'transmission-side control unit'.

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