KR20140123548A - Method for processing plant remains - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for processing plant residues, in particular seeds and nuts husks, and in particular cocoa bean husks, grain seed husks and rice residues. The method comprises the steps of: (i) providing a plant residue comprising a shell content of at least 20% by weight; (ii) at least partially hydrolyzing the components of the plant residue, in particular carbohydrates, And / or at least partially hydrolyzing and / or fermenting the protein. Separation of the liquid phase and the solid phase including the subsequently dissolved components can be achieved. The solids can be used as dietary fiber and the liquid phase can be used as a feed for biogas plants.

Description

[0001] METHOD FOR PROCESSING PLANT REMAINS [0002]

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for processing plant residues, in particular seeds and nuts husks, and in particular cocoa bean husks, grain seed husks and rice residues.

Several proposals have been made to add undigested fibers such as cellulosic, lignin, hemicellulose, pentanoic acid, rubber and pectin, in which the prior art has been coated with carnauba, carboxymethylcellulose, and pectin in foods and pesto.

Dietary fiber composed of cocoa shells and other plant components such as, for example, grain husks, rice flour, embryos and / or nuts residues has also been recognized as a possible food ingredient, for example, depending on the cellulose content.

The outer shell of the cocoa bean, also called the seed coat, is called the cocoa shell. After harvesting, the cocoa beans are fermented for an average of 6 days, in which case the flesh is separated from the beans and the beans become brown with the desired aroma. Subsequently, the beans are dried, washed and roasted. The husks of the beans are stripped and separated from the beans.

Cocoa shells are generally regarded as wastes. The cocoa shells however contain useful ingredients such as, for example, polyphenols (1-2%), alkaloids such as theobromine (1-2%), vitamins such as vitamin D, minerals, amino acids and soluble and insoluble dietary fibers have. The cocoa shell still contains 6% fat.

The use of cocoa shells in food is legally restricted in many places. Since the implementation of the EU Directive 2000/36 / EG (2000), for example in Germany, the maximum allowable amount has not been specified, but manufacturers and consumers are still interested in monitoring the shell content, Such as pesticides, microbes, mycotoxins, free fatty acids (FFA), and heavy metals, and the skin can damage the roller mill.

In particular, cocoa shell fibers have at least an expansion or gelling property. The shell may absorb fat and moisture, and thus the shell may affect the viscosity of the added mixture. Thus, cocoa shell fibers have so far been only suitable for use in a small number of specific foods. The use of cocoa bark fibers in fermented foods such as cheese, for example, is disclosed, for example, in EP 2 174 555.

It has also been disclosed that cocoa shells are used in beverages, cocoa products, mulch, fertilizers and animal feed.

The production of dietary fiber in cocoa shells is disclosed, for example, in EP 0 068 229, in which case the shell of the cocoa beans can be wet-washed, dried and pulverized. The finely pulverized final product is added to foods and soups to improve digestion promoting properties.

Mechanical grinding of cocoa bean husks is disclosed in EP 1 733 624. This publication proposes a method of pulverizing cocoa shells, in which case the cocoa shells are pulverized by entrainment during air feed in a vortex processing machine, also referred to as "jet mill ". In an air-swept mill, Other methods are possible, but they cause more severe wear.

The use of cocoa bark extract is also disclosed. For example, an edible pigment can be obtained by extraction with an acidic ethanol solution according to US 4,156,030.

The colorant may be extracted using an aqueous alcohol according to US 4,532,147.

Chocolate flavors may be provided, for example, by treating the cocoa shell with an alkalizing agent, as described in EP 2 174 557.

The disclosed methods of treating chocolate shells for the provision of food additives, in particular, modify the periphery of the cocoa shell fibers, but the composition is substantially unchanged. Intentional separation of undesirable components is not achieved. In particular, the mucilages responsible for the expansion or gelation characteristics include proteins and sugars, which are not separated by conventional techniques, for example by alkalization or wet treatment.

Also disclosed in EP 0 328 019 is a method for providing dietary cocoa dietary fiber for the production of dietary fiber-rich chocolate products from very useful starting materials.

In addition, low fat cocoa powder or crushed cakes (cocoa liquor from which cocoa butter is extracted) are treated with enzymes, starch degradation products formed during starch decomposition are separated, and solid residues are washed and dried.

In the conventional manufacturing process of chocolate, about 15-20% (by weight) of chocolate husk waste is produced.

Things are similar in the rest of other plant foods, such as rice, grain, other seeds such as beans and embryos, and the bark of nuts. The residue likewise produces a significant amount in conventional production processes. The residue generally contains fat, which is not suitable for food because it oxidizes the fat.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for processing plant residues that overcomes the disclosed disadvantages and provides useful end products.

The above problem is solved by the method according to claim 1.

The process is used for the processing of plant residues, especially the shells of seeds and nuts, especially the shells of cocoa beans, grain seed husks, rice residues and oil-containing embryos and nuts. Plant residues are enhanced in value by the process according to the invention. In particular, the dietary fiber and / or starter material is provided for the biogas plant by this method.

Dietary fiber is a non-digestible fiber suitable for food.

The process according to the invention comprises the following treatment steps: (i) providing a plant residue comprising a shell content of at least 5% by weight, in particular 20% by weight, even more particularly at least 50% by weight and even more particularly at least 90% (Ii) at least partially hydrolyzing the components of the plant residue, in particular at least partially fermenting, particularly at least partially hydrolyzing the carbohydrate, fat and / or protein, and (iii) In particular, the liquid phase and the solid phase.

Preferably the hydrolysis is accompanied by fermentation and CO ₂ , CH ₄ , NH ₃ and / or other gases (eg N ₂ , O ₂ , H ₂ S, H ₂ ) are generated during fermentation, especially in the anaerobic process. According to the present application, hydrolysis always means fermentation simultaneously with hydrolysis or hydrolysis.

Alternatively, said task is to (i) provide a plant residue comprising a shell content of at least 5% by weight, in particular 20% by weight, even more particularly at least 50% by weight and even more particularly at least 90% by weight, (ii) Wherein at least partial fermentation of the components, in particular at least partial hydrolysis of carbohydrates, fats and / or proteins, is effected. Separation of the liquid phase and the solid phase including the subsequently dissolved components can be achieved.

The process according to the invention outweighs the simple washing of the residue, in particular fermentation under the growth of bacteria.

In a preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises a treatment step in which it is checked whether or not fermentation has actually been carried out. For example, whether gas, in particular CO ₂ , CH ₄ and / or NH _3, has been detected. This can be done, for example, by measuring whether the gas pressure during the process is rising, for example, whether a certain gas / gas quantity such as CO ₂ , CH ₄ , NH ₃ and / or O ₂ - . Additionally or alternatively, the optical density (OD ₆₀₀ ) of the liquid phase can be measured. The optical density is a measure of the presence of microorganisms.

Alternatively, or simultaneously, a sensing response for the gas to be detected may be implemented.

Hydrolysis means that in this process at least 3%, preferably 5%, more preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 30% by weight of the protein residues of the protein, fat and / or carbohydrates are degraded to be.

Also, the mucus is decomposed by the method according to the present invention, and the mucilage has a strong water-binding action. That is, the cocoa shells contain mucus, which can accommodate more than 400% of its weight of water, which can interfere with the properties of the final product, e. G. Rheology.

The starting materials for the process are plant residues and the plant residues are generally used in conventional manufacturing processes, such as seeds, rice grains, corn kernels, coffee beans, wheat flour, which are also separated from cocoa beans, Or as waste before or after the roasting of the residue of other grain kernels.

Since conventional components can not be separated completely from the residue in the conventional manufacturing process, the waste content also contains a certain percentage of the components that are always available, namely seed, pulp, embryo or soybeans. The components may be more at the beginning and end of a manufacturing batch, for example. The plant residue according to the invention comprises a shell content of at least 20% by weight, in particular at least 50% by weight, and in particular at least 90% by weight.

During hydrolysis, the decomposition of chemical components takes place by the accumulation of water molecules. During fermentation, degradation takes place in small amounts, such as decomposition or short chains of organic substances, such as sugars, proteins, fats and mucus, free amino acids, CO ₂ and water.

On the one hand, the soluble components of plant residues are dissolved in the aqueous solution, but the components that become soluble components by hydrolysis also dissolve.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the solid fat mass during step (ii) is reduced by at least 70% compared to the fat content of the plant residue provided in step (i).

Alternatively or additionally, the ratio of solid water-insoluble components to water-soluble components is increased by at least 20% compared to the ratio of plant residues provided in step (i).

The components to be dissolved are preferably subsequently separated from the residue upon separation of the liquid and solid phases.

Separation is preferably effected by filtration, by centrifugation, by decanting and / or by drying.

Preferably, the suspension is provided through a porous thin plate by means of a screw conveyor, extruder or compactor, in which case most of the liquid is discharged. Subsequently, the material is squeezed under pressure, in which case a residual moisture content of approximately 12% by weight is achieved.

Subsequently, the material can be dried under heating and / or under the supply of dry air, leaving a residual moisture content of 3-4% by weight. The resultant material can be continuously processed, for example, easily pulverized.

The solid phase contains much less water soluble salt, less protein, less fat and less cellulose than the plant residue that was the starting material for hydrolysis. Also, the mucus content decreases. The solid phase consists of fibers that are substantially water soluble, i.e., generally not well digested. In the case of a relatively tasteless, cocoa shell, a brown solid phase can be used as dietary fiber. The solid phase is actually no longer gelled and exhibits improved grinding properties. Since the base material responsible for spontaneous decay and oxidation is degraded in advance in the process according to the invention, the productivity is increased.

In addition, harmful substances such as pesticides and myotoxins can be significantly reduced by fermentation. Since the acidic medium is formed in step (ii), heavy metals can also be dissolved and washed more satisfactorily.

N: P: S, that is, a quantity ratio of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, of 500: 15: 5: 3 by hydrolysis and subsequent separation of water- Can be formed, and the ratio of C: N is preferably 10 to 45.

Preferably for the hydrolysis and / or fermentation a suspension of the plant residue in a solvent, in particular in water, is prepared, the suspension comprising in particular a dry matter amount of up to 40% by weight.

Hydrolysis and / or fermentation is preferably done in a closed, temperable and pressurizable tank. Generally a suspension of 100-300 m3 can be treated in the tank.

The suspension is preferably mixed at a normal stirring rate, so as to provide a homogeneous mixing as much as possible. Stirring provides sufficient material exchange and prevents precipitation. The longer the hydrolysis and / or fermentation process time, the smaller the stirring speed can be. The faster the process is carried out, the higher the stirring speed.

Hydrolysis and / or fermentation is promoted by appropriate temperature and pressure conditions. Preferably the hydrolysis and / or fermentation is carried out in a tank at 25 to 40 DEG C, especially at 30 to 38 DEG C and ambient pressure.

Alternatively, hydrolysis, in particular fermentation, takes place at 45 to 60 DEG C, especially at 50 to 55 DEG C and ambient pressure.

Hydrolysis and / or fermentation generally requires a duration of 7 days, preferably 5 days, more preferably 1-2 days, in particular at least 3 hours.

Hydrolysis and / or fermentation is also facilitated by the addition of enzymes, in particular hydrolytic enzymes such as lipases, amylases and proteases. Enzymes in particular provide catalytic hydrolysis of biomolecules, saccharides, proteins and fats, which are broken down into constituents.

Therefore, hydrolysis and / or fermentation is preferably carried out by enzymes.

Most hydrolysis and / or fermentation proceeds more efficiently and more rapidly when the reaction takes place in an acidic or basic medium.

In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the hydrolysis and / or fermentation takes place in the presence of an acid, especially an organic acid such as acetic acid or formic acid or a base, especially a phosphate buffer, a carbonate buffer, NaOH or KOH.

In this case, the pH-value is particularly adjusted to 3.0 to 6.5, preferably 3.5 to 5.5.

In general, the pH-value decreases from about 7 to about 3.5 during hydrolysis and / or fermentation.

Hydrolysis and / or fermentation can also proceed under the action of microorganisms. For this purpose, existing plants of the substance to be hydrolyzed may be used, or microorganisms capable of hydrolysis may be added as intended. Preferably for the hydrolysis in the process according to the invention the microorganism, in particular the inoculum, is added in an amount of in particular 1/10000, preferably 1/1000 (bacterial solution to suspension).

Part of the process product, particularly a portion of the liquid phase, can be used as an inoculum for processing of other starting materials.

In order to prepare a solid phase for use in the manufacture of food, the solid is preferably washed, sterilized and / or dried in the next step.

Bacteria removal is done in a roaster, where heat treatment in the roaster simultaneously provides sterilization and drying.

Preferably the solids are further ground. This can be done before, during and even before washing, drying and bacteria removal.

The solids can also be further colored, for example by alkalization.

The solid phase obtained from the hydrolysis and / or fermentation of the cocoa shell, i.e. the dietary fiber-rich cocoa material, may be added to the chocolate, mixture and / or ingredients (for example dark chocolate and especially for mold chocolate and couverture) Beverages, bar confections, chocolate spreads, and confectioneries.

It is disclosed that cellulose can hardly be decomposed at a pH-value of 7.5, which is optimal for methane formation. Thus, fiber-containing biomass is generally first hydrolyzed, fermented, and finally biogas fermentation begins.

Most of the fibers, particularly cellulose, which can not be decomposed in the liquid phase formed in the process according to the invention are removed. The liquid phase usually contains a deformable form of the component with respect to the bacteria that form methane. Therefore, the liquid phase can be directly used for biogas production.

Preferably, the process according to the invention thus comprises the transfer of the liquid phase, which is an enriched liquid, to the biogas plant as another process step.

The problem is also solved by the use of the solids of the process product of the process as described above as a dietary fiber.

This problem is also solved by the use of a liquid fraction of the process product of the above-mentioned process as a feedstock for biogas plants, in particular for power generation.

Under anaerobic conditions (in a sealed state) when biogas is generated, microorganisms use chemical energy stored in carbohydrates, sugars, fats and proteins for metabolism. Biogas production is subdivided into four stages:

Fermentation in the hydrolysis step Bacteria use enzymes to break down polymeric compounds such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates into simpler components (monomers), such as amino acids, glucose and fatty acids. In this regard, anaerobic bacteria are generally involved.

Fermentation and acid formation take place in the acidification step. The dissolved material is decomposed by organic acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid), lower alcohols, aldehydes, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulphide by fermenting bacteria. This process occurs until the degradation process of the bacteria is stopped by the native degradation product (lower pH-value).

The third, the so-called acetogenic phase, forms a loop between fermentation (acidification) and methane formation. In this case, the components are treated by the anaerobic bacteria, so that the methanogenic bacteria can convert the components into methane. The reaction proceeds to endothermic, i.e., heat must be supplied.

In the fourth step, the methanogenesis step, acetic acid is degraded by methane-producing bacteria with extremely oxygen-sensitive methane to methane, carbon dioxide and water. Water is removed from the biogas mixture during condensation.

Thirty percent of the disclosed methanogenic bacteria species utilize hydrogen and carbon dioxide for their metabolism, thus providing a low hydrogen partial pressure by the reaction of previously formed carbon dioxide with hydrogen. This hydrogen partial pressure is essential for the presence of acetic acid bacteria even if acetic acid bacteria itself produces hydrogen. This causes the methanogenic bacteria and the anaerobic bacteria to co-exist.

The generated gas is typically used for current and / or heat production in a thermal power plant after a medium buffer in the gas reservoir. Alternatively, the generated gas may be used in a thermal process, for example, for direct combustion during heating of the roaster.

The expected gas yield in a biogas plant is 460 to 500 standard cubic meters (460-500 Nm3 / t) with a methane concentration of 60% ± 5% per cocoa shell.

The problem of the invention is also solved by the use of a liquid fraction of the process product of the abovementioned process as a basic or additive material for foods, in particular energy drinks.

The liquid phase contains ingredients that can be easily digested. The liquid phase can be used immediately after sterilization as a base material for food, in particular for animal concentrate or energy drinks, or as a supplement.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a process for the processing of plant residues, in particular seeds and shells of nuts, in particular of cocoa bean husks, grain seed husks, rice residues and oil-containing embryos and nuts, In which the biogas is produced from the biogas plant from at least a portion of the plant residue and at least a portion of the biogas remains in the plant residue that is processed in the manner described above, For example.

Preferably, the biogas is used directly in the heat combustion process, preferably in the roaster.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, no other energy is supplied during the manufacture and / or processing of the product, for example in the roasting of cocoa beans or in the production of cocoa nibs, other than the energy provided by the biogas of the plant residue.

The process is therefore an independent process for the processing of plant products, especially cocoa beans.

The method according to the invention,

- production equipment, in particular roasters or roasters, hydrolysis tanks or roasters and fermentation reactors,

- Biogas tanks,

A feeder capable of delivering at least a portion of the plant residue from the production unit to the biogas tank,

- is carried out in a facility including a biogas utilization device which can obtain energy for the operation of the production device from the biogas recovered from the biogas tank.

A recovery device for a portion of the plant residue optionally provided in the biogas tank is provided in the production equipment.

The production apparatus and the biogas tanks are preferably arranged side by side close to each other, so that a pipeline or a band can be used as the feeding apparatus.

The biogas utilization device can be, for example, a power generation device or a burner depending on what type of energy is required in production. The biogas utilization device may be integrated into the production apparatus in the form of, for example, a burner as part of the roaster.

For example, plant residues in the roaster may first be hydrolyzed in a hydrolysis tank, or in particular in a fermentation reactor, as described above. Subsequently, the biogas is recovered from the liquid phase in the biogas tank.

Alternatively, biogas can be produced during hydrolysis or fermentation, and the biogas is preferably used in a biogas utilization device.

The hydrolysis tank or the fermentation reactor and the biogas tank may also form a space unit, or the hydrolysis tank or the fermentation reactor may simultaneously be formed as a biogas tank.

The problem is also solved in particular by dietary fibers obtained from plant residues, in particular from the bark of seeds and nuts, especially from the bark of cocoa beans, from the bark of grain seeds, from the rice residue and from the oil-containing embryos and from the remainder of the nuts Wherein the fibers comprise a fat content of less than 5% by weight, in particular less than 2.5% by weight, and / or have a weight ratio of water insoluble dietary fiber to water soluble dietary fiber of greater than 6.5.

A cocoa shell 150 containing about 1.5 + - 1% fat, 4.5 + 2.5% water, 11 + - 6% protein, 23 + 7% cellulose and pentanoic acid, and 8 + 3% kg is suspended in 500 l of rain water from a hydrolysis tank having a volume of 3 m < 3 >. Depending on how the cocoa shell is obtained and how much fruit it contains, the fat content may be much higher, for example up to 7% by weight.

The suspension is maintained at a temperature of approximately 25 캜 or 42 캜. The mixture is agitated for one minute every four hours.

After a 24 hour incubation period, the solids and liquid are separated by oxygen-free state by a porous thin plate, in which case the liquid fraction is first fed to a buffer tank having a volume of 3 m < 3 >

The solids are dried in the sunlight until the residual solubility is 12% by weight. The solids are then pasteurized and dried until they have a residual water content of less than 5% by weight.

Subsequently, 99.5% of the particles are pulverized with a powder particle size having a diameter of less than 75 탆.

The solid end product is a dietary fiber rich cocoa material. These dietary fiber-rich cocoa materials are particularly suited for replenishment in the manufacture of chocolate mixtures and so-called in-feed materials (e.g. praline-, confection- and / or bread ingredients), cocoa beverages, chocolate bars, chocolate spreads and confectionery Do.

The solid content decreased by 70% by treatment. The ratio of water insoluble dietary fiber to water soluble dietary fiber is about 5.5 for the starting material and greater than 19 for the final product.

The liquid phase is supplied to the third biogas tank, which tank has a volume of 40 m 3 and 30 m 3 of liquid is supplied to the tank. Excess liquid is again supplied to the first tank, and the tank is again fed with fresh cocoa shells and begins hydrolysis. This forms a waste fluid circuit, which is particularly desirable for installations in areas with low rainfall. As an alternative, new rainwater can always be used for hydrolysis.

The temperature inside the biogas tank is about 38-40 ° C or 38-42 ° C. A biogas pressure of 2-5 bar is formed.

The biogas yield is the starting cocoa shell (o DM "organic solids") is 485 standard cubic meters (485 Nm 3 / t o DM ± 10%) with a methane concentration of 60% (± 5%) per tonne.

The yield of biogas is sufficient to operate a roaster for the cocoa bean that results in the initial amount of cocoa shell.

Claims (18)

For the production of plant residues, in particular of seeds and nuts, especially of cocoa beans, of grain seed husks, of rice residues and of oil-containing embryos and of nuts, in particular of biogas plants and / Or dietary fiber,
(i) providing a plant residue having a shell content of at least 20% by weight, in particular at least 30% by weight, even more particularly at least 50% by weight and even even at least 90% by weight, and
(ii) at least partially fermenting the components of the plant residue, at least partially fermenting carbohydrates, sugars, fats and / or proteins
≪ / RTI > The method according to claim 1,
(i) providing a plant residue comprising a shell content of at least 20% by weight, in particular at least 30% by weight, even more particularly at least 50% by weight and even even at least 90% by weight, and
(ii) at least partially hydrolyzing, particularly fermenting, the components of the plant residue, at least partially hydrolyzing, in particular fermenting, carbohydrates, sugars, fats and /
For the processing of plant residues, in particular of seeds and nuts, especially of cocoa bean husks, grain seed husks, rice residues and oil-containing embryos and nuts, A method for producing starting materials and / or dietary fiber for a gas plant. The method of any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the solid fat content during step (ii) is reduced by at least 70% based on the fat content of the plant residue and /
Characterized in that the weight ratio of water-insoluble components to water-soluble components in the solid phase is increased by at least 20% based on the plant residue. The method of any one of claims 1, 2, or 3, further comprising the subsequent step of separating the liquid phase and the solid phase containing dissolved components. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a suspension of plant residues, in particular in water, is prepared for the step (ii), especially in a solvent having a dry weight of up to 40% by weight. 6. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that step (ii) is carried out in a tank at a temperature of from 25 DEG C to 55 DEG C, especially from 25 DEG C to 40 DEG C or from 50 DEG C to 55 DEG C. . 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein step (ii) is carried out by an enzyme, especially with the addition of an enzyme. 8. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein step (ii) is carried out at a pH-value between 3.0 and 6.5, preferably between 3.5 and 5.5, in particular step (ii) Characterized in that the pH-value decreases, in particular during said step (ii). 9. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that during step (ii) a microorganism, in particular an inoculum, is added. 10. A process according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the solid phase is washed, sterilized and / or dried. 11. A process according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the liquid phase is delivered to the biogas plant as an enriched liquid. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the biogas generated in the process is transferred into the biogas utilization apparatus. Use of a solid of the process product of the process according to any one of claims 1 to 12 as a dietary fiber. Use of the liquid fraction of the process product of the process according to any one of claims 1 to 12 as a feed for biogas plants, in particular for power generation. Use of a liquid fraction of the process product of the process according to any one of claims 1 to 12 as an additive material for an energy drink. 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
(i) generating biogas from a biogas plant from at least a portion of plant residues,
(ii) using at least a portion of the biogas for the provision of energy during the manufacture and / or processing of the product, at least partially remaining plant residues being processed in the process
A method for processing plant residues, especially seeds and shells of nuts, even more particularly of cocoa bean husks, grain seed husks, rice residues and oil-containing embryos and nuts. 18. The plant of claim 16 for the treatment of plant residues, in particular of seeds and nuts, especially of cocoa bean husks, grain seed husks, rice residues and oil-containing embryos and nuts residues,
- production equipment, in particular roasters or roasters, hydrolysis tanks or roasters and fermentation reactors,
- Biogas tanks,
A feeding device for delivering at least a portion of the plant residue from the production unit to the biogas tank,
- a biogas utilization device capable of obtaining energy for operation of the production apparatus from the biogas recovered from the biogas tank
≪ / RTI > The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, particularly from plant residues, especially from the bark of seeds and nuts, especially from the bark of cocoa beans, from the bark of grain seeds, from rice residues and from oil-containing embryos and nuts The dietary fiber obtained by the method according to claim 1,
Characterized in that the fiber has a fat content of less than 5% by weight, in particular less than 2.5% by weight, and / or the weight ratio of water-insoluble dietary fiber to water-soluble dietary fiber exceeds 6.5.