KR20140075925A - Back sheet for solar cell module and solar cell module comprising the same - Google Patents
Back sheet for solar cell module and solar cell module comprising the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20140075925A KR20140075925A KR1020120143456A KR20120143456A KR20140075925A KR 20140075925 A KR20140075925 A KR 20140075925A KR 1020120143456 A KR1020120143456 A KR 1020120143456A KR 20120143456 A KR20120143456 A KR 20120143456A KR 20140075925 A KR20140075925 A KR 20140075925A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- film layer
- solar cell
- polyester film
- cell module
- back sheet
- Prior art date
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- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 114
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 12
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920005678 polyethylene based resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006290 polyethylene naphthalate film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediol Chemical compound OCO CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005673 polypropylene based resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE
Recently, a solar cell has been developed as a next-generation eco-friendly energy source, and it is rapidly spreading for residential use and industrial use.
A solar cell is formed by modularizing a plurality of solar cells. At this time, a plurality of solar cells are packed and fixed to the sealing layer, and a back sheet as a sealing member is adhered to the lower surface of the sealing layer to be modularized. This will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a conventional solar cell module according to the related art, in which a back sheet according to the related art is shown.
1, a solar cell module generally includes a transparent
The solar cell module is required to have a long life without a reduction in output over a long period of time. For such longevity, the
Generally, the
The PET film 1a is excellent in heat resistance and durability such as mechanical strength and is useful as a base material for the
However, the
In addition, the
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a back sheet for a solar cell module which can be supplied at a low cost, is excellent in adhesion and barrier properties (such as moisture barrier properties) and weather resistance, and a solar cell module comprising the same. There is a purpose.
In order to achieve the above object, a back sheet for a solar cell module according to the present invention comprises a first polyester film layer as a base substrate, a second polyester film layer laminated on the first polyester film layer, And a polyolefin film layer laminated on the polyester film layer, wherein the first polyester film layer contains an oligomer and a white inorganic material, and the polyolefin film layer contains a white inorganic material .
The first polyester film layer contains 0.5 to 0.8 wt% of oligomers based on the weight of the polyester-based resin. In addition, the first polyester film layer contains 2-15 wt% of a white inorganic material based on the weight of the polyester-based resin. In addition, the polyolefin film layer contains 2 to 15 wt% of a white inorganic material based on the weight of the polyolefin-based resin.
The first polyester film layer and the second polyester film layer include at least one selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
The white inorganic material includes titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), and the white inorganic material has a particle size of 0.1 to 10 μm.
According to the present invention, it can be supplied at an inexpensive price, and has an excellent effect of weather resistance and hydrolysis resistance.
1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional solar cell module and a back sheet.
2 is a cross-sectional view of a back sheet for a solar cell module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a cross-sectional view of a solar cell module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a back sheet for a solar cell module according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a solar cell module according to the present invention. FIG. .
2, a
The first
The first
The second
On the other hand, the first
The oligomer serves to improve the hydrolysis resistance and weather resistance of the first
An oligomer which is an intermediate between a monomer and a polymer is a low polymer having a repeating number of structural units (degree of polymerization) of 2 to 20. The content of the oligomer can be found by means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) or the like.
Further, the white inorganic material is not limited as long as it is a white inorganic particle. The white inorganic material is preferably at least one selected from titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), calcium oxide (CaO), and magnesium oxide (MgO). The white inorganic material preferably contains at least titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ). That is, a white inorganic material or consists of a titanium dioxide (TiO 2), preferably the titanium dioxide is a mixture further comprising at least one selected from (TiO 2), calcium (CaO) and magnesium oxide or the like.
On the other hand, the
According to the present invention, the first
In addition, the
Specifically, the
Further, the
In addition, the first
The first
In addition, it is preferable that the first
The first
Specifically, the
The coating composition may more specifically contain a polyethylene-based resin, a white inorganic substance and a solvent. In this case, the solvent is not limited as long as it can dilute the polyethylene-based resin to have a viscosity to such an extent that coating is possible. As the solvent, for example, at least one organic solvent selected from alcohol-based, glycol-based, ketone-based and formamide-based solvents can be used. For example, the solvent may be at least one selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, methylene glycol, ethylene glycol, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and dimethylformamide (DMF). Such a solvent may be contained in an amount of, for example, 50 to 300 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyethylene-based resin. If the content of the solvent is less than 50 parts by weight, the viscosity of the coating composition may be lowered, resulting in deterioration in coating performance. If the content of the solvent exceeds 300 parts by weight, the curing (drying) time may be prolonged. In addition, the coating composition may optionally further contain additives such as an antioxidant, a sunscreen agent and a tackifier.
Further, the coating method and the coating number of the coating composition are not limited. For example, spin coating, dip coating, bar coating, spray coating, ink-jet printing, gravure, and screen- printing, and the like, or one or more coatings.
Meanwhile, the solar cell module according to the present invention includes the
3, the solar cell module according to the present invention includes the
At this time, the
In addition, the
According to the present invention described above, the
Next, characteristics of a back sheet for a solar cell module according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. A backsheet for a solar cell module according to an embodiment of the present invention was manufactured and compared with a backsheet according to the prior art. The back sheet for a solar cell module of the present invention was produced through the following experimental example. A back sheet according to the prior art was prepared as a back sheet of W-PO / PET / W-PO structure. Here, W-PO means a polyolefin film to which a white inorganic material is added.
<Experimental Example: Preparation of Backsheet of Prior Art>
10 parts by weight of white titanium dioxide (TiO2) having an average particle size of 3 mu m with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyethylene (PE) was mixed to obtain a liquid coating composition. Then,
A heat-resistant PET film was prepared, and the coated coarse material was bar-coated on both sides thereof,
Followed by hot air drying. That is, on both sides of a PET film (thickness: 250 mu m), 50 mu m thick
(Hereinafter referred to as " W-PE film ") was formed on the surface of the W-PE (50
(50 占 퐉) / PET (250 占 퐉) / W-PE (50 占 퐉).
<Experimental Example: Production of Backsheet of the Present Invention>
10 parts by weight of white titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) having an average particle size of 3 탆 was mixed with 100 parts by weight of polyester (PET) having an oligomer content of 0.6 wt% based on the weight of the polyester resin, to obtain a first coating composition. Further, a liquid second coating composition was obtained by mixing 10 parts by weight of white titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) having an average particle size of 3 μm with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyethylene (PE). Next, a heat-resistant PET film having a thickness of 250 占 퐉 was prepared, the first coating composition and the second coating composition were coated on both sides thereof, and then hot-air drying was performed. That is, each of the PET 50㎛ thickness on both surfaces of the film (thickness 250㎛) TiO 2 containing white PET film (hereinafter referred to as "W-PET film 'quot;) and a thickness 50㎛ TiO 2 containing white PE film (hereinafter referred to as" W-PE film ") was formed to prepare a back sheet having a laminated structure of W-PET (50 占 퐉) / PET (250 占 퐉) / W-PE (50 占 퐉).
Ultraviolet rays were tested on the back sheet of the present invention and the conventional W-PO / PET / W-PO back sheet prepared in the above Experimental Example. The ultraviolet test is a test for measuring the tensile strength and elongation of the back sheet under ultraviolet irradiation.
UV (ultraviolet) weather resistance test
The backsheet prepared in the above Experimental Example was cut into a size of 10 cm * 10 cm and then irradiated with ultraviolet rays 300 (ultraviolet wavelength 300) at 0, 500, 1000, and 1500 hours under the condition of UV accelerated exposures ~ 400 nm, ultraviolet light quantity: 65 W / m 2), and then the tensile strength and elongation were measured.
The backsheet was cut to a width of 15 mm and tensile strength and elongation were measured using a tensile strength machine.
Referring to Table 1, the back sheet (W-PET in Table 1) and the conventional back sheet (W-PO) of the present invention show similar tensile strength and elongation characteristics at the beginning of the experiment, The tensile strength and elongation characteristics of the backsheet are lowered, whereas the backsheet of the present invention shows no significant change in tensile strength and elongation properties. In view of the above results, it can be seen that the backsheet according to the present invention maintains the tensile strength and elongation for a long time.
10: back sheet 12: first polyester film layer
14: second polyester film layer 16: polyolefin film layer
20: sealing layer 30: transparent member
C: Solar cell
Claims (8)
A second polyester film layer laminated on said first polyester film layer; And
And a polyolefin film layer laminated on said second polyester film layer,
Wherein the first polyester film layer contains an oligomer and a white inorganic material, and the polyolefin film layer contains a white inorganic material.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020120143456A KR101423402B1 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2012-12-11 | Back sheet for solar cell module and solar cell module comprising the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020120143456A KR101423402B1 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2012-12-11 | Back sheet for solar cell module and solar cell module comprising the same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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KR20140075925A true KR20140075925A (en) | 2014-06-20 |
KR101423402B1 KR101423402B1 (en) | 2014-07-25 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3185311A1 (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-28 | LG Electronics Inc. | Solar cell module |
US9882833B2 (en) | 2015-09-28 | 2018-01-30 | Centurylink Intellectual Property Llc | Intent-based services orchestration |
US10389577B2 (en) | 2013-08-14 | 2019-08-20 | Centurylink Intellectual Property Llc | Ethernet carrier group alarm (CGA) |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011029397A (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-02-10 | Fujifilm Corp | Back sheet for solar cell, and method of manufacturing the same |
JP2012222227A (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2012-11-12 | Fujifilm Corp | Back sheet for solar cells, laminated body for the solar cells, solar cell module, and manufacturing methods of the back sheet, the laminated body, and the solar cell module |
-
2012
- 2012-12-11 KR KR1020120143456A patent/KR101423402B1/en active IP Right Grant
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10389577B2 (en) | 2013-08-14 | 2019-08-20 | Centurylink Intellectual Property Llc | Ethernet carrier group alarm (CGA) |
US9882833B2 (en) | 2015-09-28 | 2018-01-30 | Centurylink Intellectual Property Llc | Intent-based services orchestration |
EP3185311A1 (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-28 | LG Electronics Inc. | Solar cell module |
EP3480858A1 (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2019-05-08 | LG Electronics Inc. | Solar cell module |
US10403775B2 (en) | 2015-12-23 | 2019-09-03 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Solar cell module |
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