KR20140035186A - Method for producing biomass fuel and biomass fuel produced thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing a biomass fuel, including: a raw material preparation step, in which the raw materials for the biomass fuel are prepared; a biomass molding step, in which the prepared raw materials are put to high temperature molding device, to form a molded article of biomass having forms of pellet, briquette, and block; and a hot water emulsion step, in which the molded article of biomass is put to an emulsion, which is heated at high temperatures by hot water boiling, and heat-treated. Thereby, the manufactured (semi-) carbonized biomass fuel is maintained of strength and bulk density, and has an excellent calorific value. [Reference numerals] (AA) Biomass fuel product; (S10) Biomass raw material preparation step; (S20) Biomass molding step; (S30) Biomass latex warming step; (S40) Biomass cooling step

Description

Method for producing biomass fuel, biomass fuel produced thereby

The present invention relates to a biomass fuel production method, and more particularly, to a biomass fuel production method of producing a biomass fuel by pouring a molded article molded from a biomass raw material into an emulsion.

Generally, as global warming and depletion of fossil resources are concerned, biomass, which is rich in energy next to coal and oil, is attracting attention as a new energy source.

Biomass is a concept that refers to the mass of bio-resources, which means organic matter of biological origin that can be used as energy resources and raw materials. Biomass is a 'renewable' organic resource that is produced from inorganic minerals such as water and carbon dioxide by photosynthesis using solar energy. In addition, carbon dioxide emitted when biomass is burned is the same as carbon dioxide absorbed into the atmosphere by photosynthesis during the growth process of biomass. Therefore, biomass is a carbon neutral that does not increase the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration in the life cycle. ) '.

Therefore, if the energy or products derived from fossil resources are replaced with biomass, the greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide) emission which causes global warming can be greatly reduced, and the sulfur content is low, so when mixed with high sulfur coal, SO _{2 The} effect of reducing the occurrence can be obtained. Biomass is more economical than bituminous coal and is continuously increasing with fossil fuel consumption due to rapid economic development.

Biomass can be obtained from municipal biomass obtained from woody biomass, sugarcane, fruit juice obtained from trees and the like, starchy biomass obtained from sweet potatoes, biomass of photosynthetic bacteria, food waste, etc. And biomass to be obtained. Among these, woody biomass can be produced in three forms of solid, liquid, and gas and can be used for heat and power transportation fuel. Examples of the solid woody biomass include wood chips, wood pellets, woody brackets and charcoal. Examples of the liquid woody biomass include bio-oil and bio-ethanol. Examples of the gaseous biomass include Is syngas.

The wood-based biomass is an environmentally friendly fuel capable of reducing SO ₂ generation due to its low sulfur content. In particular, when mixed with high sulfur coal, the alkali material contained in the biomass can be expected to remove SO ₂ , and the nitrogen content of the biomass is converted to NH radicals during combustion, thereby reducing NO. It is reported to have the effect of removing NO _x since it is used to remove.

When the biomass raw material is solidified (molded) to be manufactured as a solid fuel, the process has a simple advantage, but there is a difficulty in storing the fuel because the water absorption rate is poor and it is vulnerable to moisture during fuel storage. In addition, although the specific gravity can be increased through molding rather than the biomass itself, there is still a problem that the logistics cost is increased in transportation and storage due to the low specific gravity.

Thus, a production method is introduced in which the biomass raw material is carbonized or (semi) carbonized using a high temperature heat source, and then the (semi) carbonized fuel is formed into a shaped body (see FIG. 1). Therefore, the (half) carbonization of biomass raw materials can increase the calorific value and increase the proportion, thereby reducing the logistics cost. However, in the conventional manufacturing method, in order to mold into a shaped body after (semi) carbonization, it is difficult to be molded by high friction of the (semi) carbonized biomass. As a result, the manufacturing process of the biomass fuel is complicated and the manufacturing cost is high. Furthermore, in order to reduce manufacturing costs, a binder such as melamine may be used to cause environmental degradation.

In addition, in the conventional method for producing a biomass fuel, pores are generated while water is evaporated during the (semi) carbonization process of the biomass, and the strength and apparent density of the biomass fuel are weakened by the generated pores. Therefore, dust is generated due to cracks during storage and transportation of biomass fuel, resulting in a decrease in the commercialization of biomass fine fuel.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention to solve the above-described problems, while maintaining the strength and apparent density in the (semi) carbonization process of the biomass raw material, while producing a biomass fuel to further reduce the moisture content and further increase the calorific value To provide a method and a biomass fuel produced thereby.

Furthermore, it is to provide a biomass fuel that does not need to add a separate binder in the molding (solidification) step of the biomass raw material.

In order to achieve the above technical problem, a biomass fuel manufacturing method according to the present invention, biomass raw material (Biomass) raw material preparation step of preparing a raw material; A biomass forming step of putting the prepared biomass raw material into a high-temperature molding facility to form a pellet, briquettes or block-shaped biomass molding; And a biomass emulsion bath in which a biomass molded body is put into heat-treated emulsion at high temperature by heat treatment.

Biomass fuel manufacturing method according to the invention, after the biomass emulsion bath step, characterized in that it further comprises a biomass cooling step of cooling the biomass at room temperature.

In the biomass raw material preparation step, the biomass raw material is crushed.

The biomass raw material is characterized in that crushed to 1 ~ 10mm size.

The biomass raw material preparation step may further include a biomass raw material sieve separation step for particle size selection of the crushed biomass raw material.

The biomass raw material preparation step may further include drying the biomass raw material for drying the crushed biomass raw material.

The biomass raw material is characterized in that dried to 6 to 12% moisture weight.

When the high-strength molded body is required, the additive is mixed with the biomass raw material to be molded before the biomass raw material drying step.

The additive used before the biomass raw material drying step is starch, molasses, polyurethane resin, polyacrylic resin, polydimethylsiloxane resin, acrylic siloxane resin, guar gum, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyamide, acrylic, polystyrene , Polycarbonate, wood vinegar, polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, carboxylic acid methyl cellulose.

The temperature of the emulsion in the biomass emulsion bath step is characterized in that the 160 ℃ ~ 220 ℃.

Biomass fuel according to the invention is characterized in that it is produced by the biomass fuel manufacturing method.

The biomass fuel is characterized in that it has a 5250 ~ 5512 (kcal / Kg) calorific value, 52 ~ 92 (Kgf / ㎠) strength, 11.5 ~ 9.5 (%) absorption.

According to the present invention, by producing a (semi) carbonized biomass by subjecting the biomass to the milk bath to maintain the strength and apparent density, and increase the calorific value, while lowering the water absorption rate has the effect of increasing the efficiency of storage and transport have.

In addition, in the molding (solidifying) step of the biomass raw material, it is not necessary to add a separate binder to simplify the manufacturing process, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.

1 is a block diagram showing a fine fuel production method according to the prior art.
Figure 2 is a block diagram showing a fine fuel production method according to the present invention.
3 is a photograph showing a conventional (semi) carbonized biomass fuel.
4 is a photograph showing a biomass fuel of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily carry out the present invention. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In order to clearly illustrate the present invention, parts not related to the description are omitted, and similar parts are denoted by like reference characters throughout the specification.

Biomass fuel according to an embodiment of the present invention is a biomass raw material molded in the form of pellets, briquettes or blocks, in the emulsion of the biomass, the water in the biomass raw material evaporates to form pores and the emulsion into the pores After the filling, the (semi) carbonization process is continued to maintain the strength and apparent density of the biomass raw material, and increase the moisture reduction and calorific value of the biomass raw material.

Such a biomass fuel manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention performs the biomass raw material preparation step (S10), biomass molding step (S20), biomass emulsion bath (S30), biomass cooling step (S40) To complete the biomass fuel product.

Hereinafter, a biomass fuel manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

I. Biomass  Raw material preparation step

Biomass raw material preparation step (S10) is a step of processing the biomass raw material prior to molding the biomass. The biomass feedstock may be any one of wood based biomass, herbal based biomass, and combustible household waste, or a mixture thereof, and further, any material which may be referred to as biomass may be used.

In order to increase the moldability of the biomass, the prepared biomass raw material is crushed. For example, the biomass raw material is put into a crusher and crushed. In this case, when the biomass raw material is crushed to a fine size, the apparent density and strength may be increased during biomass molding, but the workability is greatly reduced due to the difficulty in grinding, and thus, the biomass unit cost greatly increases. In addition, when the biomass raw material is crushed to a considerable size, the grinding operation is easy, but the apparent density and strength during the biomass molding are weakened. For example, when the wood-based and herbaceous biomass raw materials are crushed to a size of 1 to 10 mm, the ease of crushing and the apparent density and strength during biomass forming can be simultaneously obtained.

In addition, the biomass raw material preparation step S10 may further include a biomass raw material sieve separation step S11 for particle size selection of the biomass raw material. In the biomass raw material sieve separation step S11, the screen may be used as a sieve. When molding into a biomass raw material having a uniform size through the biomass raw material sieve separation step (S11), the molding efficiency of the biomass raw material can be improved.

In addition, the biomass raw material preparation step (S10) may further comprise a biomass raw material drying step (S12) that the crushed biomass raw material is dried at room temperature or drying equipment. When the biomass raw material drying step (S12) passes, the water content suitable for molding can be adjusted, thereby improving the molding efficiency and calorific value of the biomass raw material. For example, when the moisture content of the biomass raw material ranges from 6 to 12%, the biomass formability may be improved by adjusting the moisture content to 6 to 12% through a drying step.

II . Biomass  Molding step

In the biomass molding step (S20), the biomass molded body may be molded into various forms through extrusion molding or injection molding. For example, the biomass raw material is placed in a sealable molding facility, and then press-fitted under high temperature conditions to form a pellet, briquette or block biomass molded body.

In the present invention, since the biomass forming step is performed before the (semi) carbonization, it is not necessary to add a separate binder.

However, in the case of manufacturing high-strength biomass fuel selectively for the long-term transportation such as sea transportation and the need to increase the handleability and storage of large fuels such as large power plants, additives for improving the strength may be added. It can be added by molding before the raw material drying step (S12). At this time, the additives used are starch, molasses, polyurethane resin, polyacrylic resin, polydimethylsiloxane resin, acrylic siloxane resin, guar gum, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyamide, acrylic, polystyrene, polycarbonate, wood vinegar, Polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, methyl carboxylate can be used.

III . Biomass  Latex bath stage

In the biomass emulsion bath (S30), the biomass molded body formed in the biomass molding step (S20) is put into an emulsion (oil) heated by a bath to fry to produce a (semi) carbonized biomass. Here, the "milk emulsion" means the heat treatment by putting the biomass molded body into the emulsion heated to a high temperature by the bath.

At the time of milk bath, the water contained in the molding material is first discharged to the outside of the biomass molded body in the form of steam by a high temperature atmosphere, and the voids out of the water are filled into the milk by attracting the milk by a pressure difference with the outside. After the moisture adhering to the biomass raw material is removed in this way, structural deformation of the biomass raw material occurs by high temperature emulsion. Hemicellulose, which is a component of biomass raw materials, is a component that is decomposed at the lowest temperature, and the hydroxy group (OH) is removed from the molecular structure by the oxidation reaction by the high temperature atmosphere, and only the carbon (C) component remains. As the reaction proceeds, the raw material may be semi-carbonized or carbonized. The reaction may be controlled by the temperature of the emulsion, and in addition to hemicellulose, lignin cellulose components may be induced in the same reaction.

Therefore, oil absorption of the emulsion and (semi) carbonization of the biomass raw material occur simultaneously in the biomass emulsion bath (S30), firstly, moisture in the pores is removed, and moldability is improved. Third, the strength is improved through the (semi) carbonization process and the apparent density is partially improved. Therefore, when stored in an air or high humidity environment, there is no shape degradation caused by humidity and absorption is considerably low. Also, it is easy to transport and store by maintaining the same strength and density as general wood pellets.

On the other hand, the emulsion maintains a high temperature of 160 ° C ~ 220 ° C, preferably a high temperature of 180 ° C ~ 220 ° C.

That is, when the temperature of the emulsion is 160 ° C. or less, the time taken to (semi) carbonize the biomass molded body is greatly increased, and further, the emulsion on the surface of the (semi) carbonized biomass after the emulsion bath is not evaporated and a part of ( Half) remains on the surface of the carbonized biomass, there is a problem that a separate deoiling process to remove the emulsion further proceeds.

In addition, the fuel consumption for heating the emulsion is greatly increased when the temperature is 220 ° C. or higher, and the (semi) carbonization efficiency of the biomass is not greatly increased.

For example, various biomass shaped bodies were placed in an emulsion bath, and (semi) carbonized biomass was prepared through an emulsion bath in 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes under temperature conditions as shown in the following table.

1. In Example 1, the biomass molded body was emulsion-coated for 10 minutes under temperature conditions as shown in Table 1 to prepare a (semi) carbonized biomass (see Table 1 below).

Heat treatment
Temperature (℃) cellulose
(weight%) Hemicellulose
(weight%) Lignin
(weight%) ash
(weight%) Etc
(weight%) moisture
(weight%) content
(weight%) 0 31.08 29.10 26.27 0.40 3.15 10.00 50 31.97 29.94 27.02 0.42 10.15 0.50 7.00 100 32.18 30.13 27.20 0.42 9.65 0.43 6.50 150 32.26 30.21 27.26 0.42 9.45 0.40 6.30 160 32.58 29.77 27.54 0.43 9.35 0.33 6.20 170 32.65 29.65 27.69 0.43 9.27 0.31 6.16 180 32.73 29.40 28.07 0.43 9.15 0.22 6.00 190 32.77 29.34 28.11 0.43 9.25 0.10 6.10 200 32.81 29.12 28.19 0.43 9.45 0.00 6.30 210 33.02 28.91 28.16 0.43 9.48 0.00 6.33 220 33.54 28.12 28.47 0.43 9.44 0.00 6.29

That is, as shown in Table 1, it can be seen that no significant change in the components for each temperature section.

2. In Example 2, the (mass) carbonized biomass was prepared by emulsion-forming a biomass molded body under temperature conditions for 20 minutes as shown in Table 2 (see Table 2 below).

Heat treatment
Temperature (℃) cellulose
(weight%) Hemicellulose
(weight%) Lignin
(weight%) ash
(weight%) Etc
(weight%) moisture
(weight%) content
(weight%) 0 31.08 29.10 26.27 0.40 3.15 10.00 50 31.90 29.87 26.96 0.42 10.50 0.35 7.00 100 32.17 30.12 27.19 0.42 9.80 0.30 9.44 150 32.26 30.20 27.26 0.42 9.66 0.20 9.30 160 32.25 30.14 27.44 0.43 9.64 0.10 9.28 170 32.65 29.65 27.62 0.43 9.65 0.00 9.29 180 33.04 29.33 27.65 0.43 9.55 0.00 9.19 190 33.20 29.01 27.83 0.43 9.53 0.00 9.17 200 33.45 28.55 28.03 0.43 9.54 0.00 9.18 210 33.46 28.56 28.04 0.43 9.52 0.00 9.16 220 33.64 27.88 28.53 0.43 9.52 0.00 9.16 220 34.26 27.02 28.77 0.43 9.52 0.00 9.16

That is, as shown in Table 2, it can be seen that no significant change in the components for each temperature section.

3. In Example 3, the biomass molded body was milk-dried for 30 minutes under temperature conditions as shown in Table 3 to prepare a (semi) carbonized biomass (see Table 3 below).

Heat treatment
Temperature (℃) cellulose
(weight%) Hemicellulose (% by weight) Lignin
(weight%) ash
(weight%) Etc
(weight%) moisture
(weight%) content
(weight%) 0 31.08 29.10 26.27 0.40 3.15 10.00 50 32.08 30.03 27.11 0.42 9.98 0.38 9.62 100 32.28 30.23 27.28 0.42 9.79 0.00 9.43 150 32.45 30.04 27.34 0.42 9.75 0.00 9.39 160 32.67 29.65 27.52 0.42 9.74 0.00 9.38 170 34.36 26.50 29.12 0.42 9.60 0.00 9.24 180 36.80 22.64 30.55 0.43 9.58 0.00 9.22 190 39.97 16.58 33.44 0.43 9.58 0.00 9.22 200 38.78 13.58 37.61 0.43 9.59 0.00 9.23 210 39.78 11.08 39.11 0.43 9.60 0.00 9.24 220 41.86 7.94 40.16 0.43 9.61 0.00 9.25

That is, as shown in Table 3, it can confirm that hemicellulose numerical value declines rapidly from 160 degreeC.

4. In Example 4, the biomass molded body was fried for 30 minutes at the temperature conditions as shown in Table 4 to prepare a (semi) carbonized biomass (see Table 4 below).

Temperature (℃) Calorific Value (kcal / Kg) Moisture content (%) Strength (Kgf / ㎠) Absorption rate
(%) Raw material 4350 10.00 34 - 50 4960 0.38 38 15.6 100 5180 0.00 45 13.4 160 5250 0.00 52 11.5 180 5300 0.00 60 10 200 5380 0.00 68 9.6 220 5512 0.00 92 9.5

That is, as shown in Table 4, it can be seen that the strength is significantly increased from 160 ℃, and furthermore, the absorption rate is significantly lowered from 180 ℃, thereby reducing the product due to moisture absorption when (semi) carbonized biomass is stored outside Can be prevented. In addition, in order to facilitate handling and storage, strength of 50 or more is required, and when the biomass fuel glazed in powder is used as a fine powder, when the strength is 90 or more, there is a problem that grinding is not easy. Therefore, it is preferable to perform a bath for 30 minutes at the temperature of 160 degreeC-220 degreeC which shows the range of 50-90 intensity | strength. More preferably, it can be bathed for 30 minutes at the temperature of 180 degreeC-220 degreeC.

On the other hand, the emulsion may be used one or more selected from mineral oil (petroleum, kerosene, fuel oil such as diesel oil, etc.), vegetable oil, animal oil and the like. In this case, the mineral oil includes waste oil, and the waste oil is any one of automobile oil, ship oil, insulating oil, gear oil, and turbine oil. And vegetable oil is any one of soybean oil, grape seed oil, corn oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, animal oil is an oil extracted from any one of cow, pig, chicken, fish.

Therefore, through the biomass milk bath step (S30), it is possible to obtain an excellent (semi) carbonized biomass fuel having a moisture content of 5% by weight or less and a calorific value of 5000Kcal / kg or more.

Moreover, while the fluid is filled with biomass fuel, the strength and apparent density can be maintained while the biomass fuel can be coated by the fluid, eliminating the need for a separate surface coating process. Edo prevents absorption of moisture from the outside, allowing outdoor storage. In fact, even after soaking in water for 12 hours, water penetrates only on the surface and does not penetrate inside, so there is little change in shape / strength.

IV . Biomass  Cooling step

In the biomass cooling step S40, the biomass fuel product in which the emulsion is heated is cooled through the biomass emulsion bath step S30. As described above, the temperature of the emulsion bath is 160 ~ 220 ℃ and preferably 180 ~ 220 ℃. Products that are treated at this temperature are also discharged at high temperatures, and if the products are left at room temperature, the oil on the surface of the product is volatilized and flows to the air or is absorbed by the product, so there is no need for a separate deoiling process, so it is easy to handle. Optionally, cooling by slow cooling may be added.

At this time, as the fluid remaining on the surface is evaporated during the cooling of the biomass, the fluid is prevented from getting into the hands.

Therefore, the biomass fuel manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention improves the strength by partially (half) carbonizing the biomass by using milky milk in the milky milk, further improving the apparent density, further reducing the moisture content, and greatly increasing the calorific value. To produce a biomass fuel.

Biomass fuel produced by the biomass fuel production method of the present invention may have a 5250 ~ 5512 (kcal / Kg) calorific value, 52 ~ 92 (Kgf / ㎠) strength, 11.5 ~ 9.5 (%) absorption rate.

3 is a photograph showing a conventional (semi) carbonized biomass fuel, and FIG. 4 is a photograph showing a (semi) carbonized biomass fuel of the present invention.

That is, the conventional (semi) carbonized biomass fuel is manufactured by indirectly heating the biomass, as shown in FIG. 3, while the pores are formed while moisture evaporates during indirect heating of the biomass, the strength and the apparent density. It can be seen that the lower.

Thus, the (half) carbonized biomass fuel of the present invention, as shown in Figure 4, the biomass fuel is produced by pouring in the milk, the pores are formed while the water evaporates during the milk bath of the biomass, As the fluid is filled in the pores, the strength is improved and the apparent density is partially improved.

The scope of the present invention is shown by the following claims rather than the above description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention. do.

10, 100: (semi) carbonized biomass fuel

Claims (10)

Preparing a biomass raw material for preparing a biomass raw material;
A biomass molding step of molding the biomass molded product into pellet, briquette or block form by putting the prepared biomass raw material into a high temperature molding facility; And
Biomass fuel production method comprising the step of placing the biomass molded body in the emulsion heated to a high temperature by a hot bath heat treatment. The method according to claim 1,
Biomass fuel production method further comprises the step of cooling the biomass at room temperature after the biomass emulsion bath. The method according to claim 1,
Biomass fuel manufacturing method characterized in that the biomass raw material crushing is made in the biomass raw material preparation step. The method according to claim 3,
The biomass raw material is a biomass fuel manufacturing method, characterized in that crushed to 1 ~ 10mm size. The method according to claim 3,
The biomass raw material preparation step further comprises a biomass raw material sieve separation step for particle size selection of the crushed biomass raw material. The method according to claim 3,
The biomass raw material preparation step further comprises a biomass raw material drying step of drying the crushed biomass raw material to 6 to 12% moisture weight. The method of claim 6,
Starch, molasses, polyurethane resin, polyacrylic resin, polydimethylsiloxane resin, acrylic siloxane resin, guar gum, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, poly as an additive added to the biomass raw material before the drying step of the biomass raw material A method for producing a biomass fuel, comprising adding amide, acrylic, polystyrene, polycarbonate, wood vinegar, polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, and methyl cellulose carboxylate. The method according to claim 1,
Biomass fuel production method, characterized in that the temperature of the emulsion in the biomass emulsion bath step is 160 ℃ ~ 220 ℃. The biomass fuel manufactured by the biomass fuel manufacturing method of any one of Claims 1-8. The method of claim 9,
The biomass fuel is 5250 ~ 5512 (kcal / Kg) calorific value, 52 ~ 92 (Kgf / ㎠) strength, biomass fuel characterized in that it has an absorption rate of 11.5 ~ 9.5 (%).

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