KR20140022226A - Method for manufacturing of a hollow axle shaft using partial swaging - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing of a hollow axle shaft using partial swaging Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20140022226A
KR20140022226A KR1020120088568A KR20120088568A KR20140022226A KR 20140022226 A KR20140022226 A KR 20140022226A KR 1020120088568 A KR1020120088568 A KR 1020120088568A KR 20120088568 A KR20120088568 A KR 20120088568A KR 20140022226 A KR20140022226 A KR 20140022226A
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KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
axle shaft
hollow axle
swaging
manufacturing
weight
Prior art date
Application number
KR1020120088568A
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
이시엽
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현대자동차주식회사
기아자동차주식회사
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Priority to KR1020120088568A priority Critical patent/KR20140022226A/en
Publication of KR20140022226A publication Critical patent/KR20140022226A/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/063—Making machine elements axles or shafts hollow
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a hollow axle shaft using partial swaging and more specifically, to a method for manufacturing a hollow axle shaft comprising: a first step for heating an end of one side of a circlematerial of a tube form; a second step for compressing the end of one side which is heated having a first hammer for holding an outside and a first supporting stand for supporting a side by applying a load to a compressing part installed in an end of the other side; and a third step for inserting a mandrel into the compressed end, and for partially swaging the compressed end by rotating the circlematerial of a tube form after replacing the first hammer with a second hammer. In a conventional method, a whole section of a circlematerial of a tube form is swaged. However, a method for manufacturing a hollow axle shaft using partial swaging is capable of reducing processing costs by swaging an end of the circlematerial of a tube form corresponding to a small diameter of a hollow axle shaft, and improving matter properties such as strength, and corrosion resistance, etc. by controlling a component of the circlematerial of a tube form. [Reference numerals] (S100) Heating; (S110) Compressing; (S120) Partially swaging; (S130) Spline processing; (S140) High frequency heat treating

Description

Method for manufacturing of a hollow axle shaft using partial swaging

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a hollow axle shaft using partial swaging, and more particularly, the process cost is reduced by using partial swaging rather than full swaging, and the strength is controlled by adjusting the composition ratio of raw materials. And it relates to a method of manufacturing a hollow axle shaft using partial swaging to improve the corrosion resistance.

In recent years, as various convenience specifications are added to a vehicle and the total weight of the vehicle increases, the load on the chassis parts also increases.

Increased load of the vehicle is the main cause of excessive emission of exhaust gas causing fuel consumption and environmental pollution, and in order to prevent this, attempts to reduce the weight of the vehicle are continued. In particular, in order to reduce the weight, strength and corrosion resistance of each component Research is actively underway to improve the physical properties.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional hollow axle shaft.

As shown, the hollow axle shaft is hollow, unlike the solid axle shaft filled with the inner chamber, the small diameter portion 10 and the small diameter portion 10 having a small outer diameter having a predetermined length at both ends thereof. The outer diameter connecting the large diameter portion 20 is configured, and the load received by the axle shaft is mainly concentrated in the small diameter portion 10, so that the thickness of the small diameter portion 10 is suitable for withstanding the load, the large diameter portion ( It is generally manufactured to be larger than the thickness of 20).

In general, the conventional hollow axle shaft is a type of forging during plastic working, which is a method of obtaining a desired shape by continuously applying a tubular raw material in a direction perpendicular to the central axis using a mold such as a hammer. Made by swaging.

2 is a cross-sectional view of the tubular raw material, as shown in the end portion 100 corresponding to the small diameter portion 10 of the hollow axle shaft as a finished product and the intermediate portion 110 corresponding to the large diameter portion 20. It has a constant outer diameter and thickness.

Therefore, in order to process the tubular raw material into the shape of a hollow axle shaft composed of a large diameter portion 20 having a large outer diameter and a small thickness, and a small diameter portion 10 having a small outer diameter and a thick thickness, the end portion of the tubular raw material ( 100) and the entire section of the intermediate portion 110 should be swaging (full swaging).

As such, the conventional hollow axle shaft may be formed not only at the end portion 100 of the tubular raw material corresponding to the small diameter portion 10 but also at the intermediate portion 110 in order to increase the thickness of the small diameter portion 10 where the load is concentrated. Since it is manufactured by swaging the entire section including, excessive process cost is generated, and cracks are generated inside the raw material by swaging the entire section, thereby reducing the strength of the finished product.

In addition, since the hollow axle shaft is a hollow steel pipe material, when a surface flaw generated by an external environment is exposed to a corrosive environment, a corrosion crack is generated and a whole part may be damaged.

An object of the present invention for solving the above problems is unlike the conventional swaging of the entire section of the tubular raw material, the end portion 100 of the tubular raw material corresponding to the small diameter portion 10 of the hollow axle shaft It is to provide a method of manufacturing a hollow axle shaft using partial swaging to improve the physical properties such as strength and corrosion resistance by controlling the components of the tubular raw material by only swaging).

In order to achieve the above object, the manufacturing method of the hollow axle shaft using the partial swaging of the present invention, in the manufacturing method of the hollow axle shaft, the first step of heating one end of the tubular raw material, the other A second step of compressing the heated end with a first support supporting the side and a first hammer supporting the outer surface by applying a load to a compression unit provided at the end, and inserting a mandrel into the compressed end And a third step of partially swaging the compressed end by rotating the tubular material after replacing the first hammer with a second hammer.

In addition, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the method of manufacturing the hollow axle shaft further includes a fourth step of spline-processing the partially swaged end portion and a fifth step of high-frequency heat treatment of the tubular raw material on which the end portion is splined. It is preferable to include.

In addition, in one embodiment of the present invention, the first step is preferably heated for 30 seconds to 1 minute in the temperature range of 850 to 920 ℃ using a high frequency coil.

In addition, in an embodiment of the present invention, the third step may be performed by partial swaging so that the ratio of the intermediate cross-sectional area to the compressed end cross-sectional area is greater than 1.2 and less than 1.8.

In addition, in an embodiment of the present invention, the fifth step is to heat-treat the high frequency coil by moving it at a rate of 0.5 mm / sec at the end and 1.0 mm / sec at the middle part under a high frequency voltage condition of 850 to 900 V. desirable.

In addition, in one embodiment of the present invention, the tubular raw material includes carbon (C) 0.30 to 0.40 wt%, silicon (Si) 0.15 to 0.30 wt%, manganese (Mn) 0.5 to 1.0 wt%, and copper ( Cu) 0.20 to 0.50% by weight, nickel (Ni) 0.3 to 0.8% by weight, chromium (Cr) 0.5 to 1.0% by weight and more preferably further comprises a balance of iron.

The effect of the present invention having the configuration as described above is different from the conventional method of full swaging of the hollow axle shaft, only partially sway both ends 100 of the tubular raw material corresponding to the small diameter portion 10 of the hollow axle shaft. As a result, the process period and the process cost are reduced compared to the conventional full swaging.

In addition, there is a risk of cracking inside the material due to the nature of the swaging process of compressing the raw material in the radial direction, in contrast to the conventional full swaging, the present invention only swaging both ends 100 of the tubular raw material As a result, there is an advantage of minimizing the occurrence of cracks that cause a decrease in strength.

In addition, by using a tubular raw material having a composition ratio according to the present invention, the strength is improved compared to the conventional hollow axle shaft, thereby reducing the weight and improving the corrosion resistance.

1 is a cross sectional view of a conventional hollow axle shaft;
2 is a cross-sectional view of the tubular raw material.
3 is a flow chart of a conventional hollow axle shaft manufacturing process.
4 is a flow chart of a hollow axle shaft manufacturing process according to the present invention.
5 is a conceptual diagram showing a heating step of a tubular raw material end portion using a high frequency coil.
6 is a conceptual view showing a compression process of a tubular raw material having its ends heated.
7 is a conceptual diagram showing a partial swaging process of a tubular raw material compressed at an end portion.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 3 is a flow chart of a conventional hollow axle shaft manufacturing process, Figure 4 is a flow chart of a hollow axle shaft manufacturing process according to the present invention.

As shown in the drawing, conventionally, the full swaging method of processing the entire section of the tubular raw material in order to make the thickness of the small diameter portion where the load is concentrated is thicker than the thickness of the tubular raw material, but the process cost is increased and the sway is increased. It caused side effects such as internal cracking caused by gongs.

Therefore, the present invention has the main object to solve the above problems by reducing the swaging treatment section of the tubular raw material as compared to the prior art, the specific method will be described below.

1. Heating step (first step, S100)

5 is a conceptual diagram showing a heating step of a tubular raw material end portion using a high frequency coil.

As shown, there is an empty space therein and one end 100 of the tubular raw material having a uniform thickness and outer diameter is 30 seconds to 850 to 920 ℃ temperature range using the high frequency coil 150 Heat for 1 minute to prevent fatigue failure from occurring by the next compression process to facilitate deformation.

2. Compression step (second step, S110)

6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a compression process of a tubular raw material having the end portion heated.

As shown in the drawing, the heated one end portion 100 having the first support 210 supporting the side and the first hammer 200 supporting the outer surface has a compression portion installed at the other end portion 100. Compressed by the load applied to 230, the length decreases and the thickness increases.

At this time, the first hammer 200 is installed on the outer surface of the section including the heated one end portion 100 and a part of the intermediate portion 110, the thickness of the intermediate portion 110 by compression Is fixed but has a shape suitable for increasing the thickness of the end portion 100, the second support 220 for fixing the other end portion 100, the compression unit 230 is installed may be additionally installed have.

3. Partial Swaging (Stage 3, S120)

7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a partial swaging process of the tubular raw material compressed at the end portion.

As shown in the drawing, the mandrel 250 is inserted into the compressed end portion 100, the first hammer 200 is replaced with a second hammer 240, and the second tubular material is rotated by rotating. The outer diameter and thickness of the small diameter portion 10 are formed by pressing the compressed end portion 100 up and down by the hammer 240.

In this case, unlike the conventional full swaging, the intermediate part 110 is not molded, and only the end part 100 is partially swaged.

In addition, it is convenient to use the cross-sectional area ratio (F), which is the ratio of the compressed cross-sectional cross-sectional area to the intermediate cross-sectional area expressed by the following formula (1), as the shape design condition of the partial swaging, wherein the cross-sectional area ratio (F) is 1.2. If it is less than the thickness of the small diameter portion 10 required by the swaging can not be secured, if more than 1.8 there is a risk that buckling occurs in the pressurizing process, it is preferable to process to be less than 1.8 to more than 1.2. Do.

Cross-sectional area ratio (F) = middle cross-sectional area / compressed end cross-sectional area (1).

4. Spline processing (Stage 4, S130)

The partially swaged end portion 100 is splined through a pressure rolling process after being mounted between the rolling dies, in order to manufacture a spline shape for power transmission.

5. High frequency heat treatment (5th step, S140)

In order to improve the surface hardness, the end portion 100 is splined tube-shaped raw material vertically mounted on the vertical high frequency equipment, and then the high frequency coil is moved up and down to perform high frequency heat treatment.

At this time, the actual conditions required for the component is a surface hardness of 550 Hv or more, the effective hardening depth of the small diameter portion 10 is 5.0 mm or more and the large diameter portion 20 is 3.0 mm or more, high frequency voltage of 850 to 900 V Under the conditions, the high frequency coil is heat-treated by moving at a speed of 0.5 mm / sec at the end portion 100 and 1.0 mm / sec at the middle portion 110.

division C Si Mn Cu Ni Cr B Fe Existing Material
(wt%) 0.32
To 0.38 0.15
To 0.30 1.20
~ 1.60 0.30
Below 0.25
Below 0.35
Below 0.001
To 0.005 Rem. Development
(wt%) 0.30
To 0.40 0.15
To 0.30 0.5
To 1.0 0.20
To 0.50 0.3
To 0.8 0.5
To 1.0 - Rem.

Table 1 is a table comparing the conventional composition of the tubular raw material used in the manufacture of the axle shaft and the composition of the present invention.

As shown in Table 1, the tubular raw material used in the present invention,

0.30 to 0.40% by weight of carbon (C), 0.15 to 0.30% by weight of silicon (Si), 0.5 to 1.0% by weight of manganese (Mn), 0.20 to 0.50% by weight of copper, and nickel (Ni) 0.3 to 0.8 It further comprises by weight, chromium (Cr) 0.5 to 1.0% by weight and the balance of iron.

Looking at the components contained in the tubular raw material according to the present invention and the reason for the content limitation of each component,

The carbon (C) is an essential element for the fine alloy element to precipitate carbides to increase the wear resistance, and contributes to the strength improvement of the material, so 0.30% by weight or more is preferable, and 0.40% by weight or less in consideration of the decrease in toughness. Do.

In addition, the silicon (Si) is one of the main elements for determining the carbon equivalent, and since the oxidation resistance is improved by generating Fe 2 SiO 4 at the interface between the oxide film and the matrix, 0.15% by weight or more is preferable, and the machinability and carbon In consideration of the equivalent, 0.30% by weight or less is preferable.

In addition, the manganese (Mn) is a solid solution strengthening element is added to secure a certain strength and improve the toughness, but stabilized carbide exhibits a strength improving effect is preferably 0.5% by weight or more, 1.0% by weight or less in consideration of weldability Is preferred.

In addition, the copper (Cu) is preferably 0.20% by weight or more, and preferably 0.50% by weight or less in consideration of ductility.

In addition, the nickel (Ni) is preferably 0.3% by weight or more as an element added to improve strength and corrosion resistance, and preferably 0.8% by weight or less in consideration of deterioration of the strength improving effect.

In addition, the chromium (Cr) is preferably 0.5% by weight or more as an element added to improve strength and heat treatment property, and 1.0% by weight or more in consideration of deterioration of the strength improving effect.

That is, the tubular raw material of the present invention is compared with the tubular raw material used in the prior art, in particular, the content of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) closely related to corrosion resistance and strength, etc. There is this.

division Tensile Strength (MPa) Yield strength (MPa) 20 days corrosion corrosion (mm) Existence 705 590 0.454 Development 810 690 0.101

Table 2 is a table showing the strength and corrosion test results of the existing materials and development materials, the development materials satisfy the composition according to the present invention, in one embodiment 0.35% by weight of carbon (C), 0.23% of silicon (Si), 0.7 wt% manganese (Mn), 0.40 wt% copper (Cu), 0.5 wt% nickel (Ni), 0.8 wt% chromium (Cr), and the balance further iron.

As shown in Table 2, the development material having a composition according to the present invention can be seen that exhibiting a high strength and about 50% or more small corrosion defects than the existing material, which is the composition according to the present invention, This is because it has an optimum content of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr), in particular with regard to strength and durability.

10: small diameter part 20: large diameter part
100: end portion 110: middle portion
150: high frequency coil
200: first hammer 210: first support
220: second support 230: compression unit
240: second hammer 250: mandrel

Claims (6)

In the manufacturing method of the hollow axle shaft,
A first step S100 of heating one end portion 100 of the tubular raw material;
By applying a load to the compression unit 230 installed on the other end portion 100, the heated one end portion is provided with a first support 210 for supporting the side and a first hammer 200 for supporting the outer surface ( A second step (S110) of compressing 100);
Insert the mandrel 250 to the compressed end 100, and replace the first hammer 200 with the second hammer 240, and then rotate the tubular raw material to the compressed end 100 A third step (S120) of partial swaging;
Method for producing a hollow axle shaft using a partial swaging comprising a.
The method of claim 1,
The manufacturing method of the hollow axle shaft,
A fourth step (S130) of spline processing the partially swaged end portion (100); And
The end portion 100 is a method of manufacturing a hollow axle shaft using partial swaging further comprises a fifth step (S140) of high frequency heat treatment of the spline-processed tubular raw material.
The method of claim 1,
The first step (S100) is a hollow axle shaft manufacturing method using a partial swaging, characterized in that for 30 seconds to 1 minute heating in the temperature range of 850 to 920 ℃ using a high frequency coil (150).
The method of claim 1,
The third step (S120) is a method of manufacturing a hollow axle shaft using a partial swaging, characterized in that the partial swaking is a ratio of the cross-sectional area of the intermediate portion to the compressed end cross-section area is greater than 1.2 and less than 1.8.
3. The method of claim 2,
The fifth step (S140) is a heat treatment by moving the high-frequency coil at a speed of 0.5 mm / sec at the end portion 100 and 1.0 mm / sec at the intermediate portion 110 under high frequency voltage conditions of 850 to 900 V A method of manufacturing a hollow axle shaft using partial swaging.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The tubular raw material includes 0.30 to 0.40% by weight of carbon (C), 0.15 to 0.30% by weight of silicon (Si), and 0.5 to 1.0% by weight of manganese (Mn),
The hollow axle shaft using partial swaging characterized in that it further comprises 0.20 to 0.50% by weight of copper (Cu), 0.3 to 0.8% by weight of nickel (Ni), 0.5 to 1.0% by weight of chromium (Cr) and the balance of iron. Manufacturing method.



KR1020120088568A 2012-08-13 2012-08-13 Method for manufacturing of a hollow axle shaft using partial swaging KR20140022226A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104475479A (en) * 2014-09-25 2015-04-01 北京科技大学 Technology for preparing small-bore and thick-wall metal tubes by rotary swaging technique
KR20160066332A (en) * 2014-12-02 2016-06-10 현대자동차주식회사 A structure of hollow axle shaft and a manufacturing method thereof
US9982706B2 (en) 2015-07-31 2018-05-29 Hyundai Motor Company Method of manufacturing light rotor shaft for eco-friendly vehicles
KR102362683B1 (en) * 2020-09-09 2022-02-14 (주)브이씨티이 Method for composite manufacturing hollow inner shaft and Hollow inner shaft manufactured by the method and Apparatus for composite manufacturing the hollow inner shaft

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104475479A (en) * 2014-09-25 2015-04-01 北京科技大学 Technology for preparing small-bore and thick-wall metal tubes by rotary swaging technique
KR20160066332A (en) * 2014-12-02 2016-06-10 현대자동차주식회사 A structure of hollow axle shaft and a manufacturing method thereof
US9982706B2 (en) 2015-07-31 2018-05-29 Hyundai Motor Company Method of manufacturing light rotor shaft for eco-friendly vehicles
KR102362683B1 (en) * 2020-09-09 2022-02-14 (주)브이씨티이 Method for composite manufacturing hollow inner shaft and Hollow inner shaft manufactured by the method and Apparatus for composite manufacturing the hollow inner shaft

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