KR20130130374A - Refrigerated vehicle with pcm module using solar energy and control method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a refrigerator vehicle using solar energy and a cold storage material and a control method thereof and, more specifically, to a refrigerator vehicle with solar energy and a cold storage material which cools the inside of a cargo box of the refrigerator vehicle by using the power of an engine of the vehicle as a power source; includes an additional cooling device utilizing solar energy as a power source via a PV module for assisting a task of cooling the inside of the cargo box; and can supply cold heat to the inside of the cargo box by cold storage by using a PCM module which stores cold air in the additional cooling device even though solar energy cannot obtained temporarily such as nighttime; and a control method thereof. [Reference numerals] (AA,BB) Coolant

Description

Refrigerated Vehicle with PCM Module using Solar Energy and Control Method

The present invention relates to a refrigerating tower vehicle and a control method thereof for assisting in cooling / refrigerating the loading compartment by using solar energy and coolant in addition to the engine power of the vehicle during cooling / freezing of the loading compartment in the refrigeration tower vehicle.

As the demand for high quality is increased due to the improvement and diversification of dietary life, the low temperature distribution of instant foods, meat, frozen fish, vegetables, fruits and vegetables is increasing day by day, and the freezing (jang) equipped with a freezer for long and short distance transportation of such foods. Vehicles are widely used.

Such a refrigeration (long) vehicle is usually provided with a container-type stacking box consisting of upper, lower, left and right panels, and the loading box is provided with an opening and closing door for loading and unloading the goods, and is loaded with a cooler operated by the engine power of the vehicle. It is configured to supply cold air.

Statistics show that there are more than 1 million land-based refrigeration vehicles worldwide. There are two types of refrigeration vehicles, which use the engine power of the vehicle to operate the refrigerator and maintain a separate refrigerator separate from the engine so that the food environment can be kept at a low temperature even during transportation or stopping.

In addition, according to the hand book (4, 5), which is revised and published every year by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), refrigeration vehicles are insulated vehicles that use a coolant such as dry ice to cool items. It is divided into refrigerated vehicles equipped with freezers equipped with vehicles and freezers. Refrigerator equipped with a refrigerator, the cooling performance of the refrigerator varies depending on the type and size of the car body, the type of heat dissipation material and the overall heat transfer coefficient. Since small cars are mostly private cars for delivery or commercial refrigeration cars for small subcontractors, the internal temperature is determined by the load of frozen food, ice cream, meat, etc. Is mostly classified into uses for 18 ° C., 0 ° C. and below.

In addition, as described above, the refrigeration vehicle (ex: top vehicle) equipped with the freezer only uses the engine power of the vehicle to cool the inside of the loading box, and thus, the vehicle is not in operation. When the power of the vehicle battery installed in the vehicle is insufficient, there is a risk that the temperature of the cargo contained in the cargo box can rise rapidly and provide an environment in which aerobic microorganisms can grow.

These refrigeration towers are a waste of energy due to excessive consumption of fuel due to fuel consumption for driving the refrigerator and low combustion efficiency of the vehicle engine. In addition, some vehicles have stopped operating the freezer to prevent power loss or reduce fuel consumption while driving.In recent years, as school meals have become more common, food poisoning caused by the freezer has been reported. .

As described above, in the refrigeration tower vehicle, in the cooling (or refrigeration) of the inside of the loading box, in addition to the cooling device using the engine power of the vehicle as a power source, it is to assist the cooling device using the solar energy. In addition, by using the cold storage material of the PCM module that stores cold air, solar energy and cold storage material that can cool the inside of the cargo box through cold air stored even when power generation through solar energy is not possible (ex: at night). To provide a refrigeration tower and control method thereof.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be described hereinafter and will be understood by the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by means and combinations indicated in the claims.

The present invention is a means for solving the above problems, the main compressor (40a) for compressing the refrigerant into a high temperature and high pressure gas phase by using the engine power of the transfer means as a power source, by condensing the refrigerant of high temperature and high pressure After the condenser 50 for converting the liquid refrigerant, the expansion valve 60 for making the condensed refrigerant in the form of low temperature and low pressure, the liquid refrigerant of the low temperature and low pressure is cooled by heat-exchanging with air in the storage box, and then the main compressor 40a. A main air conditioner (20) consisting of an evaporator (70) circulating in the furnace; By using solar energy through the PV module 41 of the transport vehicle as a power source, an additional compressor 40b for compressing the refrigerant into a high temperature and high pressure gaseous phase, and a condenser for condensing the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant to a low temperature and high pressure liquid refrigerant ( 50), the expansion valve 60 to form the condensed refrigerant in the form of low temperature and low pressure, the cold heat of the low temperature and low pressure liquid refrigerant is stored in the phase change material therein, or the stored cold heat is cooled inside the additional compressor 40b Characterized in that it consists of; an additional cooling device (30) consisting of a PCM module (80) for circulating the refrigerant.

As described above, the present invention has the effect of cooling the vehicle by using the auxiliary power of the solar light using the PV module.

In addition, the present invention has the effect that can be used to store the cold air using the PCM module.

In addition, the present invention has the effect that can be supplied to the cold storage in the sun-free time without using the engine, by using the cold storage.

In addition, the present invention has the effect of reducing the transportation cost and sales cost through the reduction of the vehicle fuel amount.

1 is a perspective view of one embodiment showing an embodiment of a refrigeration tower vehicle using solar energy and cold storage material according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a flow diagram of one embodiment showing the operation of the main and additional cooling device according to the present invention.
Figure 3 is a diagram of one embodiment showing the driving conditions of the main and additional cooling apparatus according to the present invention.

Before describing in detail several embodiments of the invention, it will be appreciated that the application is not limited to the details of construction and arrangement of components set forth in the following detailed description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention may be embodied and carried out in other embodiments and carried out in various ways. It should also be noted that the device or element orientation (e.g., "front,""back,""up,""down,""top,""bottom, Expressions and predicates used herein for terms such as "left,"" right, "" lateral, " and the like are used merely to simplify the description of the present invention, Or that the element has to have a particular orientation.

The present invention has the following features in order to achieve the above object.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Prior to this, terms and words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as limited to ordinary or dictionary terms, and the inventor should appropriately interpret the concepts of the terms appropriately It should be interpreted in accordance with the meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention based on the principle that it can be defined.

Therefore, the embodiments described in the specification and the drawings shown in the drawings are only the most preferred embodiment of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical idea of the present invention, various modifications that can be replaced at the time of the present application It should be understood that there may be equivalents and variations.

Looking at this embodiment of the present invention, by using the engine power of the transfer means as a power source, the main compressor (40a) for compressing the refrigerant into a high temperature and high pressure gaseous phase, condensing the refrigerant of high temperature and high pressure to convert it into a liquid refrigerant of low temperature and high pressure The condenser 50, the expansion valve 60 to form the condensed refrigerant in the form of low temperature and low pressure, the evaporator circulating to the main compressor 40a after cooling the load by heat exchange with the air in the storage of the low temperature low pressure liquid refrigerant ( A main air conditioner 20 consisting of 70; By using solar energy through the PV module 41 of the transport vehicle as a power source, an additional compressor 40b for compressing the refrigerant into a high temperature and high pressure gaseous phase, and a condenser for condensing the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant to a low temperature and high pressure liquid refrigerant ( 50), the expansion valve 60 to form the condensed refrigerant in the form of low temperature and low pressure, the cold heat of the low temperature and low pressure liquid refrigerant is stored in the phase change material therein, or the stored cold heat is cooled inside the additional compressor 40b Characterized in that it consists of; an additional cooling device (30) consisting of a PCM module (80) for circulating the refrigerant.

In addition, the condenser 50 and the expansion valve 60 is connected to the refrigeration capacity of the main air conditioner 20 and the additional air conditioner 30 according to the operating conditions of the refrigeration cycle (any one of the temperature, pressure, flow rate of the refrigerant). A plurality of suitable separate devices are used.

In addition, a plurality of three-phase valve (V) for controlling the flow direction of the refrigerant when any one of the main cooling device 20 and the additional cooling device 30 is operated; Is further provided.

In addition, the main air conditioner 20 is driven to the controller 90 to be driven when the difference between the internal temperature of the storage box and the set temperature is greater than the set reference value, or when the temperature gradient dT / dt according to the time in the storage box is 0 or more. It is characterized by being controlled by.

In addition, the additional cooling device 30 is driven when the amount of charge of the PV battery 42 storing the power of the PV module 41 is greater than or equal to a preset charging amount and the difference between the internal temperature of the storage box and the set temperature is smaller than the set reference value. It is characterized in that it is controlled by the control unit 90.

In addition, the additional cooling device 30 is characterized in that the PV battery 42 for storing the production power of the PV module 41 is also charged and driven by a commercial power source.

In addition, looking at an embodiment of the control method of the refrigeration tower vehicle using the solar energy and the cool storage material of the present invention, the step of comparing the internal temperature of the storage box with the set temperature (S200); When the difference between the internal temperature of the storage box and the set temperature is greater than the reference value, the main air conditioner 20 using the engine power of the transport vehicle is operated to cool the storage box (S300); Checking the charge amount of the PV battery 42 through the PV module 41 when the difference between the internal temperature of the loading box and the set temperature is smaller than the set reference value (S400); When the charge amount of the PV battery 42 is equal to or greater than the preset charge amount, the additional air conditioner 30 is operated to cool the heat or store the cold box by the PCM module 80 (S500); Characterized in that the control method of the refrigeration tower vehicle using the solar energy and the cool storage material.

Hereinafter, a refrigeration tower car using solar energy and a cool storage material according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention and a control method thereof will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

As shown, the refrigeration tower vehicle using the solar energy and the coolant in accordance with the present invention is provided with a container-type loading box (B) in the rear of the driver's seat, the transport means for loading the package inside the loading box (B) (10), and includes a main air conditioner (20) and an additional air conditioner (30).

The main air conditioner 20 cools / freezes the inside of the storage box B of the transfer means 10 (hereinafter, the air conditioner will be described based on cooling for convenience of description). The main air conditioner for such cooling / freezing It is to use the engine power of the conveying means 10 as a power source of the apparatus 20.

The main air conditioner 20 is to use the engine (Vehicle Engine) power of the transfer means 10 as a power source, a refrigeration air conditioner is used, such refrigeration air conditioner is a low temperature, low pressure gas refrigerant of high temperature, high pressure Compressor mounting kit (40a) for compressing the gas refrigerant of the condenser (Condensor, 50), the condenser for converting the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant delivered from the main compressor (40a) to low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant An expansion valve (60) for making the low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant delivered from the (50) into a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid refrigerant (Expansion Valve, 60), the low-temperature, low-pressure liquid refrigerant delivered from the expansion valve 60 and the outside air It consists of an evaporator (Cubic or Frontal Evaporator, 70) to be a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant while heat-exchanging to release cold air. Of course, the power of the engine 11 of the transfer means 10 may be stored and used as a vehicle battery 12.

Like the main air conditioner 20 described above, the additional air conditioner 30 cools the inside of the loading box B, but reduces the amount of fuel of the transfer means 10 consumed to cool the loading box B, By using the additional cooling device 30 using a power source using, it is to assist in the cooling (or freezing) of the loading box (B).

The additional air conditioner 30 for this purpose is used as a refrigeration air conditioner, such as the main air conditioner 20, the compressor is used separately from the main compressor (40a) used in the main air conditioner (20). However, the condenser and the expansion valve is used in common to the condenser 50 and the expansion valve 60 used in the main air conditioner 20, the cold air instead of the evaporator 70 used in the main air conditioner 20 The PCM module (Phase change material module, 80) for storing and storing the cold storage is provided.

That is, in the additional air conditioner 30, the low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant is compressed into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant by the power supply through the PV module 41 in the additional compressor 40b, and the additional compressor in the condenser 50. The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant delivered from 40b is converted into a low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant, and the expansion valve 60 converts the low-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant delivered from the condenser 50 into a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid refrigerant. The PCM module 80 stores (cold-cools) the cold heat of the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant in the phase change material (PCM), which is a cold storage material inside the PCM module 80, and then stores the refrigerant as an additional compressor. Transfer to 40b, the refrigerant to circulate the additional compressor 40b, condenser 50, expansion valve 60, PCM module 80 as described above. Of course, the cold air stored in the PCM module 80 is used to cool the inside of the loading box. As the cold air is stored in the PCM module 80 as described above, the vehicle is stopped (when the vehicle engine is not running). For example, at night, when there is no sun, the controller 90 may supply cooling heat to the inside of the storage box.

The additional cooling device 30 is to use the solar power as a power source, PV modules fixed to the outside of the transport means 10 to collect the sunlight to produce power (photovoltaic module, solar cells directly, parallel After being connected to a special tempered glass, AL Frame, etc., in close contact with the production, 41) (In the present invention was installed on the outer upper surface of the stacking box (B), such an installation position if the user can efficiently receive sunlight if It may be variously changed according to the present invention.), A PV battery 42 storing power generated by the PV module 41, and a power supply of the PV battery 42. PV power control unit (43) to be used as a power source is further provided.

That is, the above-described additional cooling device 30 loads the additional cooling device 30 using solar power as the power source, instead of using only the main cooling device 20 described above in cooling the inside of the loading box B. B) by being able to be used for cooling the inside, it is to reduce the fuel consumption of the transfer means (10).

The configuration of the main air conditioner and the additional air conditioner as described above and the illustration of FIG. 2 will be described with reference to the flow of the refrigerant and power supply of the main air conditioner 20 and the additional air conditioner 30.

As shown in FIG. 2, the main air conditioner 20 is operated by the engine 11 power of the vehicle, and the refrigerant is the main compressor 40a-> condenser 50-> expansion valve 60- > The evaporator 70 is circulated in order, and the evaporator 70 is installed in the loading box B, and serves to cool the inside of the loading box B. (FIG. 2A).

In addition, the additional cooling device 30 is a common use of the condenser 50 and the expansion valve 60 used in the main cooling device 20, while using the power produced through the PV module 41, The cold air is stored and used in the PCM module 80, and the refrigerant is circulated in the order of the additional compressor 40b-> condenser 50-> expansion valve 60-> PCM module 80, among which PCM The module 80 is installed in the loading box B to cool the inside of the loading box B with the cold stored in the phase change material PCM in the PCM module 80 to assist in cooling the loading box. (FIG. 2B)

In addition, in the present invention, through the embodiment of FIG. 2 as described above, the condenser 50 and the expansion valve 60 is configured such that the main cooling unit 20 and the additional cooling unit 30 is used in common, According to various embodiments, by providing two condensers and two expansion valves, the main cooling unit 20 and the additional cooling unit 30 may be configured to individually use the condenser and the expansion valves, respectively.

Of course, when using a plurality of condenser and expansion valves as described above, each of the condenser and expansion valve is applicable to each of the main cooling device 20 and the additional cooling device 30 in accordance with the operating conditions of the refrigeration cycle. Used in separate capacities, each of the plurality of condensers and the plurality of expansion valves may be different in size (capacity) from each other.

3 shows a control method of a refrigeration tower vehicle using solar energy and a cool storage material through an operation relationship between the main air conditioner 20 and the additional air conditioner 30 according to the present invention.

1. Initialization step (step S100): This is a step of checking the temperature in the loading box (B), the voltage of the PV module 41, the driving state of the engine 11, and the like.

2. Step of comparing the internal temperature of the storage box with the set temperature (S200): Comparing the internal temperature of the storage box with the preset temperature set by the user, after the comparison judgment, the main cooling device of the above-described configuration ( 20) or the additional cooling device 30 is driven by the control unit 90 when the respective driving conditions.

3. In step S200, comparing the internal temperature and the set temperature, checking whether the temperature of the internal temperature is lower than the set temperature, and operating the heater if the internal temperature is lower (step S210): of the present invention The tower vehicle may further include heating means (ex: a heater, etc.), and before the main air conditioner 20 or the additional air conditioner 30 is driven, comparing the internal temperature of the above-mentioned loading box with the set temperature ( In S200, when the temperature inside the loading box is lower than the setting temperature, the heating means is driven to reach the setting temperature in the loading box.

4. When the difference between the internal temperature of the storage box and the set temperature is greater than the set reference value, the main air conditioner 20 using the engine power of the transport vehicle is operated to cool the load compartment (S300): the main air conditioner 20 and The additional cooling device 30 is controlled by the control unit 90 to operate according to the operating conditions, and the conditions under which the main cooling device 20 operates first are as follows.

First, when the internal temperature of the storage box (B) is measured and the internal temperature of the storage box is judged to be compared with the set temperature, the temperature difference ㅿ T (internal temperature-set temperature) is out of the set reference value, or, second, the If the temperature gradient (dT / dt) inside the loading box is equal to or greater than 0 (when the temperature in the loading box is constant or the temperature rises), the main air conditioner 20 is driven. (Steps S200 and S300) ( ex: If the set temperature = -10 ℃ and the set reference value = 10 ℃, the main air conditioner 20 is driven when the temperature inside the loading box rises above 0 ℃.)

5. If the difference between the internal temperature of the storage box and the set temperature is less than the set reference value, the step of checking the charge amount of the PV battery 42 through the PV module 41 (S400) and the charge amount of the PV battery 42 and the preset charge amount If the above, the additional air conditioner 30 is activated, the cooling heat is stored by the PCM module 80 or the stacking box is cooled (S500): in the steps S400 and S500 by operating the additional air conditioner 30, In time, power is produced through the PV module 41 to store cold heat in the PCM module 80, and the engine of the vehicle is not running and the PCM module 80 through the control unit 90 at night when there is no sun. Cooling heat stored in the supply to the loading box to be cooled.

Looking at the criteria that the additional air conditioner 30 is operated, the above-described operation, except for the two conditions in which the main air conditioner 20 is driven, the above operation in the storage box (B) and the internal temperature and the set temperature If the difference is smaller than the set reference value (ex: if the set temperature = -10 ℃, set the reference value = 10 ℃, if the internal temperature of the storage box is -10 ℃ ~ 0 ℃ temperature of the additional air conditioning unit ◎ Drive.), The power is produced in the PV module 41 and is activated if the PV battery 42 is charged with power. In this case, the charge amount charged in the PV battery 42 is checked to operate when the charge amount is greater than or equal to the preset charge amount, and the preset charge amount is compared with 100% of the total charge amount that can be charged in the PV battery 42. If more than 20% is charged.

However, if the amount of charge stored in the PV battery 42 is 20% or less, it will be natural that the main air conditioner 20 can be operated without using the additional air conditioner 30.

Of course, although the preset charge amount of the PV battery 42 for driving the additional air conditioner 30 is described as 20% or more in the present invention, it is natural that the preset charge amount can be variously changed according to the embodiment of the user. .

In addition, the additional cooling device 30 described above may be operated by charging the PV battery 42 through a commercial power source according to the user.

Reference numeral 'V' in the drawings not described above denotes a three-phase valve, and a refrigeration tower vehicle using solar energy and a cool storage material according to the present invention may be applied to a tower vehicle for refrigeration / freezing according to the user's embodiment. It may be used.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. It is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

10: transfer means 11: engine
12: vehicle battery 13: vehicle control panel
20: main air conditioner 30: additional air conditioner
40a: main compressor 40b: additional compressor
41: PV module 42: PV battery
43: PV power supply control unit 50: condenser
60: expansion valve 70: evaporator
80: PCM module 90: control unit
B: Stacking Box V: 3-Way Valve

Claims (7)

By using the engine power of the transfer means as a power source, the main compressor (40a) for compressing the refrigerant in the gas phase of high temperature and high pressure, the condenser (50) to condense the refrigerant of high temperature and high pressure into a liquid refrigerant of low temperature and high pressure, the condensed refrigerant An expansion valve 60 made in the form of low temperature and low pressure, a main cooling device 20 comprising an evaporator 70 for circulating the main refrigerant 40a after cooling the load by heat-exchanging the liquid refrigerant at low temperature and low pressure with air in the stack. );
By using solar energy through the PV module 41 of the transport vehicle as a power source, an additional compressor 40b for compressing the refrigerant into a high temperature and high pressure gaseous phase, and a condenser for condensing the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant to a low temperature and high pressure liquid refrigerant ( 50), the expansion valve 60 to form the condensed refrigerant in the form of low temperature and low pressure, the cold heat of the low temperature and low pressure liquid refrigerant is stored in the phase change material therein, or the stored cold heat is cooled inside the additional compressor 40b An additional cooling device (30) consisting of a PCM module (80) for circulating refrigerant in the furnace;
Refrigeration tower car using solar energy and cold storage material, characterized in that consisting of.
The method of claim 1,
The condenser 50 and expansion valve 60 is
According to the operating conditions of the refrigeration cycle refrigeration tower vehicle using solar energy and the refrigerating material, characterized in that a plurality of separate devices suitable for the freezing capacity of the main cooling device 20 and the additional cooling device (30).
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
A plurality of three-phase valves V for controlling the flow direction of the refrigerant when any one of the main air conditioner 20 and the additional air conditioner 30 is operated;
Refrigeration tower car using solar energy and the cool storage material characterized in that it is further provided.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The main air conditioner 20
Solar energy, characterized in that controlled by the controller 90 to be driven when the difference between the internal temperature and the set temperature is greater than the set reference value, or when the temperature gradient (dT / dt) according to the time in the loading box is greater than zero Refrigerated tower car using cold storage material.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The additional cooling device 30 is
The controller 90 is controlled by the controller 90 to be driven when the amount of charge of the PV battery 42 storing the power of the PV module 41 is greater than or equal to a preset charging amount and the difference between the internal temperature of the storage box and the set temperature is smaller than the set reference value. Refrigerated tower car using solar energy and cold storage material.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The additional cooling device 30 is
A refrigeration tower car using solar energy and a cold storage material, characterized in that the PV battery 42 for storing the production power of the PV module 41 is charged and driven by a commercial power source.
Determining the internal temperature of the stacking box with the set temperature (S200);
When the difference between the internal temperature of the storage box and the set temperature is greater than the reference value, the main air conditioner 20 using the engine power of the transport vehicle is operated to cool the storage box (S300);
Checking the charge amount of the PV battery 42 through the PV module 41 when the difference between the internal temperature of the loading box and the set temperature is smaller than the set reference value (S400);
When the charge amount of the PV battery 42 is equal to or greater than the preset charge amount, the additional air conditioner 30 is operated to cool the heat or store the cold box by the PCM module 80 (S500);
Control method of a refrigeration tower vehicle using solar energy and cool storage material, characterized in that consisting of.

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