KR20130120627A - Heating glass using graphene and manufacturing method for the same - Google Patents

Heating glass using graphene and manufacturing method for the same Download PDF

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KR20130120627A
KR20130120627A KR1020120043668A KR20120043668A KR20130120627A KR 20130120627 A KR20130120627 A KR 20130120627A KR 1020120043668 A KR1020120043668 A KR 1020120043668A KR 20120043668 A KR20120043668 A KR 20120043668A KR 20130120627 A KR20130120627 A KR 20130120627A
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graphene
glass
film
transparent
heat generating
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KR1020120043668A
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Korean (ko)
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KR101337960B1 (en
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공낙경
이영희
임성주
배정준
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현대자동차주식회사
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/86Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/182Graphene
    • C01B32/194After-treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02Details
    • H05B3/04Waterproof or air-tight seals for heaters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02Details
    • H05B3/06Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2204/00Structure or properties of graphene
    • C01B2204/02Single layer graphene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2204/00Structure or properties of graphene
    • C01B2204/04Specific amount of layers or specific thickness

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to heating glass using graphene and a manufacturing method for the same and, more particularly, to heating glass using graphene and a manufacturing method for the same capable of being heated by converting electric energy into thermal energy. For the purpose of the present invention, the heating glass comprises: a pair of transparent glass substrates bonded in a laminate structure; a transparent heating film stacked on a first glass substrate of the glass substrate and heated on the whole surface when a power source is applied; a pair of electrodes to apply an external power source to the transparent heating film; and a transparent bonding film for bonding between the glass substrate. The transparent heating film is formed with graphene.

Description

Heating glass using graphene and its manufacturing method {Heating glass using graphene and manufacturing method for the same}

The present invention relates to a heating glass using graphene and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a heating glass using graphene and a method for manufacturing the same by converting electrical energy into thermal energy.

Hot wires are installed on the rear glass of automobiles for the purpose of preventing sexual love. Currently, the heating wires commonly used on the rear glass of automobiles have excellent electrical conductivity, but are not opaque and thus cannot be applied to the front and side surfaces.

Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) is a representative transparent heating element used to replace the hot wire. However, In used in ITO requires new substitute materials due to limited reserves and continuous price increase in the international market.In addition, ITO has excellent transparency and electrical conductivity, but when it is bent, the electrical conductivity is rapidly increased due to cracking. There is a problem falling.

In order to solve the problems of the ITO, a study on the surface heating element using carbon nanotubes having excellent electrical conductivity is being conducted, and a study on the surface heating element using metal oxide nanowires is being made.

Carbon nanotubes are excellent in thermal conductivity, can be easily bent, and have the advantage of maintaining excellent electrical conductivity even at a high radius of curvature.

However, the surface heating element according to the related art, which manufactures metal oxide nanowires and carbon nanotubes using a spray method, has an electrical conductivity of individual nanowires or nanotubes constituting the heating element. Although excellent, there is a problem in that many contacts (tube-tube junctions) are present when nanowires or nanotubes are applied to a large area to form a heating element.

In addition, in the case of carbon nanotubes, since a conductor and a semiconductor tube are mixed, a schottky barrier is formed at the contact point of the conductor and the semiconductor tube, thereby increasing the contact resistance. Therefore, the carbon nanotube must be formed thick to maintain high electrical conductivity. In this case, the light transmittance is reduced by the stacked nanotubes, and the adhesion to the substrate is weak, so that it may easily fall off due to an external impact.

The present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and provides a heating glass using graphene having a transparent surface heating element made of graphene having excellent transparency, flexibility, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity, and a method of manufacturing the same. The purpose is.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention, a pair of transparent glass substrate bonded in a laminated structure; A transparent heat generating film laminated on a first glass substrate among the glass substrates and generating heat on the entire surface when power is applied; A pair of electrodes for applying external power to the transparent heat generating film; And a transparent bonding film for bonding between the glass substrates. The transparent heat generating film provides a heat generating glass using graphene, which is made of graphene.

Preferably, the transparent heat generating film may be composed of single layer graphene or multilayer graphene, or may be composed of multilayer graphene including an organic dopant between layers.

Here, as the organic dopant, ferric chloride (AuCl 3 ) may be used, and the transparent bonding film may be made of PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral).

In another aspect, the present invention, the step of transferring the graphene on the first glass substrate to form a transparent heat generating film; Forming a pair of electrodes for applying power to both ends of the transparent heat generating film; Laminating a second glass substrate on the transparent heat generating film, and bonding the first and second glass substrate using a transparent bonding film; provides a method for producing a heating glass using a graphene comprising a. .

Forming the transparent heat generating film, the step of coating the graphene grown on a copper-based thin film substrate with a polymer; Immersing the thin film substrate having the graphene in a corrosion solution in the container; Repeatedly removing the thin film substrate by immersing the graphene in the container into a new container containing clean water; Immersing a first glass substrate in water in the container, stacking graphene on the surface, and drying the first glass substrate to transfer the graphene onto the first glass substrate; Repeated one or more times to form a transparent heating film made of single layer graphene or multilayer graphene.

Preferably, in the forming of the transparent heat generating film, the electrical conductivity may be improved by doping the organic dopant between the single layer graphene or the multilayer graphene or between the single layer graphene and the multilayer graphene transferred on the first glass substrate. have.

Therefore, the heat generating glass according to the present invention can ensure a stable structure even in a large area and ensure excellent heat conductivity based on excellent electrical and thermal conductivity by using graphene excellent in sheet resistance and thermal conductivity.

Such heat generating glass of the present invention is excellent in transparency and light transmittance can be applied as the front, rear, and side glass of the vehicle.

1 is a schematic exploded perspective view showing a heating glass using graphene according to an embodiment of the present invention
Figure 2 is a perspective view showing the heating glass of Figure 1
Figure 3 is a graph showing the sheet resistance measurement results of the transparent heating film (graphene surface heating element) produced in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention
4 is a graph showing the sheet resistance values of the transparent heating film for exothermic glass produced in Examples 4 and 5 of the present invention before and after doping and before and after bonding process using PVB film.
5 is a graph showing the heating performance of the heating glass produced in Example 5 of the present invention

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the heat generating glass of this invention and its manufacturing method are demonstrated in detail.

As is known, graphene has high electrical and thermal conductivity, such as carbon nanotubes, and can be grown in large areas using chemical vapor deposition using a copper thin film as a catalyst. Thus grown graphene has an advantage that can be easily transferred to the desired substrate.

Since the graphene of large area is composed of one carbon atom layer, there is no junction in carbon nanotubes or metal oxide nanowires. It is possible to implement a uniform heating element because of the excellent thermal conductivity.

In addition, unlike carbon nanotubes or metal oxide nanowires, graphene shows uniform absorption characteristics in all visible light irrespective of wavelength, and thus shows uniform transmittance in visible light.

In addition, graphene has excellent adhesion due to strong van der Waals force with the substrate, does not easily fall off from external impact, and various materials such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate), silicon (Si), and glass It can be transferred to the substrate, and stable adhesion can be maintained even when it is bent.

In addition, graphene can maintain a stable structure due to the interaction of the strong van der Waals forces between graphene and graphene even when stacking a plurality of sheets.

Therefore, even in the case of multilayer graphene in which graphene is stacked in sheets, it is possible to control electric conductivity and light transmittance.

In the case of the multilayered graphene, an organic dopant may be inserted and added between the graphene and the graphene when the graphene is stacked in order to improve the electrical properties, and the graphene having the improved electrical conductivity may be used. The transparent heating glass of the invention can be produced.

Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the heating glass according to the present invention will be described.

First, single layer graphene is grown on a copper thin film or a copper thin film substrate which is a metal catalyst using chemical vapor deposition.

Before separating the grown monolayer graphene from the copper thin film, the graphene surface is first coated with a polymer such as PMMA to prevent cracking of the graphene when the single layer graphene is separated from the copper thin film.

Next, the copper thin film is immersed in an etchant in the container to remove the copper thin film from the single layer graphene.

In order to completely remove the corrosion solution remaining on the graphene after the removal of the copper thin film as described above, take out the graphene in the container and then immersed in another container containing clean water to be immersed and washed with clean new water. Repeat 5 ~ 6 times to completely remove the corrosion solution remaining on the graphene.

After the single layer graphene from which the copper thin film is removed through this process, the transparent glass substrate to be transferred to the graphene is immersed in water in a container, the graphene is laminated on the surface, and the water is dried on the glass substrate. Transfer single layer graphene onto the glass substrate.

By repeating the transfer process on the same glass substrate, a plurality of single layer graphene may be laminated on the glass substrate to form a multilayer graphene.

Here, the electrical conductivity and the light transmittance of the graphene plane heating element, that is, the transparent heat generating film 13 may be adjusted by adjusting the stacking number of the single layer graphene transferred onto the glass substrate.

In addition, in order to improve the electrical conductivity of the transparent heat generating film 13, various materials may be doped into the multilayer graphene constituting the transparent heat generating film 13.

During doping, a dopant may be inserted in each layer between the single layer graphenes, or a plurality of single layer graphenes may be transferred and stacked on the glass substrate 11, and then the dopants may be deposited on the upper layer graphene.

That is, in the doping process of the transparent heat generating film 13, the dopant is doped on the single layer graphene or the multilayer graphene formed on the glass substrate 11, and then transferred to the new layered graphene or multilayer graphene on the doped single layer graphene. Including the forming process, it is possible to produce a transparent heating film 13 made of a multi-layer graphene containing a dopant between the graphene layer by repeating the doping process one or more times.

When the dopant is doped on the single layer or multilayer graphene, the single layer or multilayer graphene is transferred onto the glass substrate 11, and the dopant is deposited on the upper layer graphene by spin coating. After deposition, the final single or multilayer graphene is finally transferred and stacked thereon.

Next, a pair of electrodes 14 for power supply are connected to both ends of the transparent heat generating film 13, and the glass substrate 11 is formed by using a transparent bonding film 15 made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). ) And the new glass substrate 12.

In brief, the heating glass 10 of the present invention comprises the steps of preparing a first glass substrate 11 and a second glass substrate 12 having heat resistance, the first glass substrate 11 (or second) Transferring the graphene onto a glass substrate) to form a transparent heat generating film 13, connecting the electrodes 14 for voltage application to both ends of the transparent heat generating film 13, and having adhesiveness. The second glass substrate 12 laminated on the transparent heat generating film 13 using the bonding film 15 may be manufactured by bonding the first glass substrate 11 to the first glass substrate 11.

The transparent heating glass manufactured as described above may be applied to the front and rear glass of the vehicle, the window glass, and the like.

On the other hand, the heating glass 10 produced as described above has the following configuration. Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 and 2, the heat generating glass 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention is a pair of transparent glass substrates (11, 12) bonded to be laminated up and down, and the glass substrates (11, 12) And a pair of electrodes 14 for applying an external power source to the transparent heat generating film 13 and the transparent heat generating film 13.

The electrodes 14 are attached to both ends of the transparent heat generating film 13 so as to apply power supplied from the outside, and are inserted between the first glass substrate 11 and the second glass substrate 12.

The electrode 14 induces heat generation of the transparent heat generating film 13 when connected to a power source through a wire or the like.

The first glass substrate 11 and the second glass substrate 12 are bonded by a transparent bonding film 15 interposed therebetween. For this purpose, the transparent heat generating film 13 is a glass substrate 11, 12. ) And an area smaller than the transparent bonding film 15, are arranged in the center of the glass substrate 11.

The transparent bonding film 15 may serve to bond the first and second glass substrates 11 and 12 and reduce the sheet resistance of the transparent heat generating film 13. It can be produced using PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral).

The transparent heat generating film 13 is a surface heating element that generates heat in the entire surface by receiving power from the outside through the electrode 14, and is manufactured using a graphene material.

The transparent heat generating film 13 may be composed of a single layer graphene made of one graphene, or may be composed of a multilayer graphene in which a plurality of single layer graphene is stacked.

In addition, in order to improve electrical conductivity, the transparent heat generating film 13 including the multilayer graphene may be added and inserted with an organic dopant between graphene and graphene.

For example, the transparent heat generating film 13 may be composed of multilayer graphene including an organic dopant between layers.

Hereinafter, preferred examples are provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the following examples are provided only to more easily understand the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example  One

After repeatedly transferring the single layer graphene grown on the copper thin film to form a multi-layer graphene, using a corrosion solution to remove the copper thin film to produce a surface heating element made of pure (pristine) multilayer graphene.

Example  2

After graphene was grown on the copper thin film, a cupric chloride (AuCl 3 ) was deposited on the graphene, and graphene was grown on it. Next, the copper thin film was removed using a corrosive solution to prepare a graphene plane heating element doped with ferric chloride.

Example  3

A graphene plane heating element was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, but a surface heating element was prepared using HNO 3 as an organic dopant.

Example  4

Graphene was repeatedly transferred to one surface of a transparent glass substrate having a 4 * 4cm 2 area three times to form a transparent heating film having a 2 * 2cm 2 area, and electrodes were formed at both ends of the transparent heating film. A transparent glass substrate having an area of 4 * 4 cm 2 was bonded to the transparent heat generating film using a PVB film, thereby producing a heat generating glass including pure graphene plane heating element (transparent heating film) which is not doped with an organic dopant.

Example  5

In the same manner as in Example 4, the heating glass was manufactured, but in the process of forming the transparent heat generating film, a graphene plane heating element was deposited by intercalation doping with chloride (AuCl 3 ) with an organic dopant between graphene and graphene. To produce a heating glass comprising a.

Experimental Example  One

The sheet resistance was measured by repeatedly bending and releasing the graphene plane heating elements of Examples 1 to 3 over 1000 cycles, and the results are shown in FIG. 3.

Experimental Example  2

In Examples 4 and 5, the sheet resistance of the transparent heating film (graphene surface heating element) was measured before bonding the glass substrate using the PVB film, and the sheet resistance of the transparent heating film changed after the bonding process using the PVB film was measured. The results are shown in Figure 4 and Table 1.

Experimental Example  3

The surface temperature change of the exothermic glass of Example 5 was measured for the voltage applied to the transparent heat generating film and the power supplied under the same conditions as shown in FIG. 5, and the results are shown in FIG. 5.

As shown in FIG. 3, the measurement results of Experimental Example 1 showed that the graphene plane heating element doped with ferric chloride showed the lowest sheet resistance value and the lowest sheet resistance value even after the bending cycle over 1000 cycles. .

As shown in FIG. 4 and Table 1 below, in the measurement result of Experimental Example 2, in the case of the exothermic glass using the doped graphene plane heating element (transparent heating film), the sheet resistance was increased after the bonding process using the PVB film, but was purely undoped. It was confirmed that the graphene plane heating element had less than half sheet resistance compared to the heating glass.

And, as shown in Figure 5, the measurement results of Experimental Example 3, it was confirmed that the surface temperature of the heating glass including the doped graphene plane heating element is increased to about 90 ℃ Celsius power consumption of 2.24W.

Figure pat00001

Accordingly, the heat generating glass according to the present invention has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity by using a surface heating element (transparent heating film) using graphene having excellent sheet resistance and thermal conductivity even in a large area instead of the surface heating element using carbon nanotubes. It can be seen that the heat-generating performance can be secured and the stable structure and low sheet resistance can be maintained even when bending.

In addition, the heat generating glass of the present invention is excellent in transparency and light transmittance can be applied as the front, rear, and side glass of the vehicle.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. Modified forms are also included within the scope of the present invention.

10: heating glass
11: first glass substrate
12: second glass substrate
13: transparent heating film
14: Electrode
15: transparent bonding film

Claims (8)

A pair of transparent glass substrates 11 and 12 joined in a laminated structure;
A transparent heat generating film 13 laminated on the first glass substrate 11 among the glass substrates and generating heat on the entire surface when power is applied;
A pair of electrodes 14 for applying external power to the transparent heat generating film;
And a transparent bonding film 15 for bonding between the glass substrates 11 and 12, wherein the transparent heat generating film 13 is made of graphene.
The method according to claim 1,
The transparent heat generating film 13 is a heat generating glass using graphene, characterized in that the single layer graphene or multilayer graphene.
The method according to claim 1,
The transparent heat generating film 13 is a heat generating glass using graphene, characterized in that the multilayered graphene containing an organic dopant between the layers.
The method according to claim 3,
The organic dopant is a ferric chloride glass (AuCl 3 ) characterized in that the heating glass using graphene.
The method according to claim 1,
The transparent bonding film 15 is a heat generating glass using graphene, characterized in that the PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral).
Transferring the graphene onto the first glass substrate to form a transparent heat generating film;
Forming a pair of electrodes for applying power to both ends of the transparent heat generating film;
Stacking a second glass substrate on the transparent heat generating film and bonding the first and second glass substrates using a transparent bonding film;
Method for producing a heating glass using a graphene, characterized in that it comprises a.
The method of claim 6,
Forming the transparent heat film,
Coating graphene grown on a copper thin film substrate with a polymer;
Immersing the thin film substrate having the graphene in a corrosion solution in the container;
Repeatedly removing the thin film substrate by immersing the graphene in the container into a new container containing clean water;
Immersing a first glass substrate in water in the container, stacking graphene on the surface, and drying the first glass substrate to transfer the graphene onto the first glass substrate;
Method of manufacturing a heat generating glass using graphene, characterized in that to form a transparent heating film made of a single layer graphene or multilayer graphene by repeating one or more times.
The method of claim 7,
Forming the transparent heat film,
The method of manufacturing a heating glass using a graphene, comprising the step of doping the organic dopant between the single layer graphene or multilayer graphene transferred between the first glass substrate or between the single layer graphene and the multilayer graphene.
KR1020120043668A 2012-04-26 2012-04-26 Heating glass using graphene and manufacturing method for the same KR101337960B1 (en)

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KR101530442B1 (en) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-22 최원희 Heating wall panel assembly using solar cell
CN105873246A (en) * 2016-06-16 2016-08-17 济南圣泉集团股份有限公司 Electric thermal film, engine oil preheating device with electric thermal film and engine
CN106170157A (en) * 2016-08-25 2016-11-30 青岛科技大学 Camera lens heater based on graphene film
ITUA20163907A1 (en) * 2016-05-30 2017-11-30 Fs Solution S R L S Anti-fog glass for vehicles and construction method.
KR20180007102A (en) * 2016-07-12 2018-01-22 강계수 The heating glass manufacturing method and heating glass containing graphene
CN110650560A (en) * 2019-10-23 2020-01-03 成都石墨烯应用产业技术研究院有限公司 Double-layer mirror surface plate heating body
CN111556598A (en) * 2020-05-27 2020-08-18 佛山(华南)新材料研究院 Flexible low-voltage infrared electrothermal film and preparation method thereof
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KR101530442B1 (en) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-22 최원희 Heating wall panel assembly using solar cell
ITUA20163907A1 (en) * 2016-05-30 2017-11-30 Fs Solution S R L S Anti-fog glass for vehicles and construction method.
CN105873246A (en) * 2016-06-16 2016-08-17 济南圣泉集团股份有限公司 Electric thermal film, engine oil preheating device with electric thermal film and engine
CN105873246B (en) * 2016-06-16 2022-08-30 济南圣泉集团股份有限公司 Electric heating film, engine oil preheating device comprising same and engine
KR20180007102A (en) * 2016-07-12 2018-01-22 강계수 The heating glass manufacturing method and heating glass containing graphene
CN106170157A (en) * 2016-08-25 2016-11-30 青岛科技大学 Camera lens heater based on graphene film
CN110650560A (en) * 2019-10-23 2020-01-03 成都石墨烯应用产业技术研究院有限公司 Double-layer mirror surface plate heating body
CN111556598A (en) * 2020-05-27 2020-08-18 佛山(华南)新材料研究院 Flexible low-voltage infrared electrothermal film and preparation method thereof
CN111556598B (en) * 2020-05-27 2022-05-27 佛山(华南)新材料研究院 Flexible low-voltage infrared electrothermal film and preparation method thereof
EP4294123A4 (en) * 2021-02-10 2024-08-28 Graphene Square Inc Variable heating device

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