KR20130103996A - Forward osmosis/reverse osmosis hybrid seawater desalination apparatus and method - Google Patents

Forward osmosis/reverse osmosis hybrid seawater desalination apparatus and method Download PDF

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KR20130103996A
KR20130103996A KR1020120025085A KR20120025085A KR20130103996A KR 20130103996 A KR20130103996 A KR 20130103996A KR 1020120025085 A KR1020120025085 A KR 1020120025085A KR 20120025085 A KR20120025085 A KR 20120025085A KR 20130103996 A KR20130103996 A KR 20130103996A
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
seawater
membrane module
osmosis membrane
sewage
reverse osmosis
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KR1020120025085A
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Korean (ko)
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KR101319411B1 (en
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이원일
여인호
박용균
김경필
박성혁
오영기
최광호
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지에스건설 주식회사
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/26—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by extraction
    • C02F1/265—Desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis

Abstract

PURPOSE: An FO/RO hybrid seawater desalination apparatus and a method thereof are provided to reduce the consumption of energy of a reverse osmosis into 1 kwh from a seawater desalination process, and to reduce the fouling generated from a dipping type hollow osmosis membrane using air bubbles sprayed from the lower side of a dipping tank. CONSTITUTION: An FO/RO hybrid seawater desalination apparatus comprises: a dipping tank (10) supplying secondly processed sewage (2) through a sewage transfer line; a first osmosis membrane module (20) installed on the dipping tank for diluting high concentration seawater supplied as an induction solution by the concentration difference with the sewage; a reverse osmosis membrane module (40) separating and discharging the diluted seawater into filtrate and concentrate; a low pressure pump (30) supplying the diluted seawater to the reverse osmosis membrane module; and a fouling reducing unit reducing the fouling generated on the first osmosis membrane module. A FO/RO hybrid seawater desalination method comprises a sewage supplying process supplying the sewage to the dipping tank, a first osmosis process for diluting the concentration of the seawater by the concentration difference of the sewage and the seawater, and a reverse osmosis process separating the seawater into the filtrate and the concentrate. [Reference numerals] (2) Sewage; (6) Sea water; (AA) Filtered water; (BB) Concentrated water

Description

FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination apparatus and method {Forward Osmosis / Reverse Osmosis Hybrid seawater Desalination apparatus and method}

The present invention relates to an FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination apparatus and method, and more particularly, pure water in sewage is moved to a high concentration of seawater by TDS (total dissolved solids) by non-powerlessness due to the concentration difference between sewage and seawater treated second. By reducing and diluting the amount of (concentrated content), it is possible to operate the low pressure reverse osmosis process, which can significantly reduce the power cost of the reverse energy osmosis process which consumes the most energy in the seawater desalination process. The present invention relates to a FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination apparatus and method for improving the recovery rate of seawater by diluting and reusing the concentrated water generated in the permeation process through the forward osmosis process.

As is well known, desalination is the production of water by removing the total amount of salt dissolved in water or a substance dissolved in water but not evaporating, ie dissolved solids.

Depending on the concentration of dissolved solids per liter of water, about 10,000-50,000mg / l of water is called seawater, and 1,000-10,000mg / l of water is called freshwater.

Seawater desalination processes can be classified into wet oxidation, electro-dialysis (ED), and reverse osmosis (RO) processes. Evaporation using a heat source is divided into multi-stage flash (MSF) and multi-effect distillation (MED) depending on the flow of fluid. Reverse osmosis membrane separation processes are monovalent (e.g., Na + , K + , Cl ?? , Br ?? , etc.) and

Reverse osmosis membranes that can filter out ions (eg, Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , SO 4 2- , etc.) are used as the main process. Initially, the MED method, which can be mass-produced when constructing a seawater desalination plant, was designed, but recently, a lot of energy-consuming, easy-to-operate and environmentally friendly reverse osmosis processes have been selected. In other words, even if the membrane price is high, the investment cost and the operating costs including the process operation and the membrane replacement cost were so economically competitive that they could be compared to other processes. Currently, a hybrid process in which fresh water is produced by mixing MSF or MED and RO is sometimes applied.

As a desalination technology in the future, reverse osmosis will focus on reducing the cost of producing freshwater, but it will be necessary to overcome the osmotic pressure of brine and apply more pressure to produce freshwater. For example, in the case of seawater has an osmotic pressure of 25 atm or more, at least 40 atm should be operated in consideration of the pressure loss in the reverse osmosis membrane, the production cost increases according to the installation of expensive high-pressure pump and power use Will result.

Therefore, low power high pressure pumps and high performance low cost reverse osmosis membranes are being developed due to continuous reverse osmosis seawater desalination research. However, in the long term, it is not economical in terms of operation because the minimum power usage is approaching the limit despite such technology development.

The desalination technology, which is recently attracted by such reverse osmosis technology, is a forward osmosis (FO) technology, which is representatively disclosed in Patent Document 1 below.

In the forward osmosis technique, pure water in saline passes through the semi-permeable membrane to equilibrate the concentration between the forward osmosis membrane and the solution with the same or greater osmotic pressure than that of the saline solution, that is, the difference in osmotic pressure between the forward osmosis draw solution. To recover fresh water.

In the case of such forward osmosis desalination technology, the recovery of fresh water occurs naturally due to the osmotic pressure difference to produce fresh water with no power. However, in order to recover fresh water only from the induction solution including fresh water, energy is required. The energy required varies depending on the characteristics of the inducing solute, and may even be larger than the energy consumption for reverse osmosis. In addition, as the water permeation progresses in the forward osmosis process, the efficiency is greatly reduced by the concentration polarization caused by the concentration of the solute on the surface of the membrane and the internal concentration polarization generated inside the membrane. That is, the main reason why the forward osmosis technology was not widely used is the absence of an efficient recovery device capable of recovering the induction solution at low energy and the absence of a new structure that can effectively control the internal concentration polarization phenomenon inside the forward osmosis membrane. It was.

Therefore, the core of forward osmosis technology depends on the minimization of energy required for recovery of inductive solutes.For the purpose of continually realizing cost reduction of future desalination technology, forward osmosis desalination technology is required to select proper induction solution, Application of concentration and efficient recovery of induced solutes, development of membranes for forward osmosis, and applicable modules are essential.

Accordingly, Patent Document 1 below applies a tubular forward osmosis membrane having an inner diameter of 3 mm or more to minimize the flow rate decrease due to the concentration polarization of the forward osmosis membrane by making the flow conditions in the tube turbulent, and relatively flows into the inner pipe of the tubular forward osmosis membrane. The high osmotic polymer polymer solution is used as an induction solution, and the pure water in the brine passes through the forward osmosis membrane by the osmotic pressure difference between the induction solution and the influent saline solution. After being pumped, the induced solute is recovered and continuously circulated, and the forward osmosis desalination using the forward osmosis membrane module and the forward osmosis membrane module can save at least 60% of energy compared to reverse osmosis by producing filtered water passed through the nanofilter. An apparatus and method are disclosed.

(Patent Document 1): Korean Registered Patent No. 10-1011403 (August 28, 2011)

(Patent Document 2): Korean Registered Patent No. 10-0990168 (2010.10.29 notification)

(Patent Document 3): Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1068239 (Announcement on September 21, 2011)

The present invention has been conceived as a new concept, unlike the above, it is possible to operate the low pressure reverse osmosis process using the diluted sea water in the forward osmosis process, the power ratio of the reverse osmosis process, the most energy consumption in seawater desalination process remarkably It is an object of the present invention to provide a FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination apparatus and method which can reduce and at the same time improve the recovery rate of dilute concentrated water in a reverse osmosis process.

Another object of the present invention is the raw water in the forward osmosis membrane module using the secondary treatment sewage and using seawater as the induction solution, FO / RO hybrid seawater that can reduce the fouling generated in the forward osmosis membrane to low energy It is to use a desalination apparatus and method.

According to an aspect of the present invention, the FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention is the induction solution due to the concentration difference between the inflow sewage and the inflow sewage supplied to the immersion tank and the second inflow sewage treatment line A first forward osmosis membrane module installed in the immersion tank so that the high concentration of seawater supplied as a dilution, the reverse osmosis membrane module supplied with the diluted sea water, separated into filtered water and concentrated water, and discharged to the reverse osmosis membrane module. And a low pressure pump for supplying the diluted seawater, and a fouling reducing means for reducing fouling generated in the first forward osmosis membrane module.

The first forward osmosis membrane module is preferably an immersion hollow fiber membrane.

The fouling reducing means may use a nozzle for injecting air bubbles from the lower part of the immersion tank.

In the present invention, the secondary treated sewage of the immersion tank is supplied to the inflow sewage, and the concentrated water discharged from the reverse osmosis membrane module is supplied to the induction solution, and the induction solution in which the concentrated water of high concentration passes the first forward osmosis process by the concentration difference. It may further include a second forward osmosis membrane module diluted to the same concentration and circulated to the reverse osmosis membrane module.

At this time, the diluted concentrated water may be supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane module by a low pressure pump.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination method of the present invention is a sewage supply process for supplying inflow sewage treated secondly to an immersion tank, and a first forward osmosis membrane module installed in the immersion tank as an induction solution. The first forward osmosis process of supplying seawater, diluting the supplied high concentration seawater by the concentration difference between the inflow sewage and seawater, and supplying the diluted seawater to the reverse osmosis membrane module at low pressure to concentrate and discharge water. Reverse osmosis process to separate.

The first forward osmosis process may include a fouling reducing process of spraying an air bubble to the first forward osmosis membrane module at the bottom of the immersion tank.

In addition, the second water in which the concentrated water of the reverse osmosis membrane module is supplied to the induction solution, the sewage of the immersion tank is supplied to the inflow sewage, and the concentrated water of high concentration is diluted to the same concentration as the induction solution passed through the first forward osmosis process by the concentration difference. It may further comprise a forward osmosis process.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pure water in the sewage is moved to the seawater by forcelessly due to the concentration difference between the sewage and the seawater treated by the immersion formula, so that the seawater of high concentration is diluted, and the diluted seawater is more than the general seawater. Since the amount of TDS is reduced, it is possible to operate the reverse osmosis process at low pressure instead of high pressure, which can reduce the power ratio of the most energy-consuming reverse osmosis process from seawater desalination process from 3-4 kwh to 1 kwh. At the same time, it also has the effect of reducing the fouling generated in the submerged hollow fiber forward osmosis membrane by the air bubble sprayed from the lower part of the immersion tank. In addition, the concentrated water concentrated in the reverse osmosis process is introduced into another forward osmosis process as an induction solution, and by using the existing second treated sewage as raw water, the concentrated water is diluted again and circulated to increase the recovery rate.

1 is a schematic view showing the configuration of a FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention,
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention,
3 is a process diagram illustrating the operation of the device of FIG. 2.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the following description of the present invention, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present invention rather unclear. The terms used below are defined in consideration of the functions of the present invention, which may vary depending on the user, the intention or custom of the operator, and the like. Therefore, the definition should be based on the contents throughout this specification.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention, the inflow sewage 2 is supplied to the immersion tank 10 through the sewage supply line 4. In addition, a high concentration of seawater 6 is supplied to the immersion tank 10 through the seawater supply line 8 as an induction solution, and the first forward osmosis membrane module 20 of the hollow fiber membrane is immersed in the sewage 2 and installed. do. As a result, due to the difference in concentration between the inflow sewage (2) supplied to the immersion tank (10) and the seawater (6) supplied as an induction solution, the pure water of the inflow sewage (2) is moved to the sea water (6) without force. Accordingly, the high concentration of seawater 6 becomes diluted seawater 12, and the influent sewage from which pure water is transferred is discharged through the sewage discharge line 14.

In this case, since fouling occurs in the first forward osmosis membrane module 20 installed in the immersion tank 10, an air bubble is applied to the lower part of the immersion tank 10 to reduce fouling. A nozzle (not shown) to inject can be provided.

On the other hand, the diluted sea water 12 is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane module 40, in particular the low pressure reverse osmosis membrane module (LPRO) by using the low pressure pump 30 to filter permeate and concentrated water ( and the filtrate is discharged through the filtrate discharge line 16 and the concentrate is discharged through the concentrate discharge line 18, respectively.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 2, the FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention is supplied with sewage from the immersion tank 10 discharged through the sewage discharge line 14, and a reverse osmosis membrane module ( 40 except that the concentrated water discharged through the concentrated water discharge line 18 is supplied to the induction solution, and further includes a second forward osmosis membrane module 50 in which the concentrated water is diluted due to the difference in concentration. Since it is the same as the structure of an example, the description about the same structure is abbreviate | omitted for convenience.

The concentrated water 22 diluted in the second forward osmosis membrane module 50 is the same concentration as the seawater diluted in the first forward osmosis membrane module, so that it is joined by the low pressure pump 30 to the reverse osmosis membrane module 40 together. It can be supplied, thereby having the effect of increasing the recovery rate of the filtered water.

In addition, the sewage of the immersion tank 10 in which pure water is moved from the second forward osmosis membrane module 50 to the concentrated water of high concentration is circulated to the sewage supply line 4 again, and the immersion tank 10 together with the inflowing raw water 2. Can be supplied.

Referring to the process diagram of Figure 3 of the FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention configured as described above are as follows.

First, to execute the sewage supply process (S10) for supplying the inflow sewage (2) to the immersion tank 10 through the sewage supply line (4).

Subsequently, as the first forward osmosis step (S20) in which high concentration of seawater is diluted by the concentration difference between the inflow sewage (2) and the seawater (6), the first forward osmosis membrane module (20) installed in the immersion tank (10). As the induction solution, high concentration of seawater (6) is supplied through the seawater supply line (8).

In the first forward osmosis step (S20), by spraying the air bubble to the first forward osmosis membrane module 20 through a nozzle (not shown) installed under the immersion tank 10, the first forward osmosis membrane module And a fouling reducing step (S25) for reducing fouling generated in (20).

Subsequently, the seawater 12 diluted through the forward osmosis process (S20) is separated into concentrated water and filtered water at low pressure, and the filtered water is discharged through the filtered water discharge line 16 and the concentrated water is discharged from the concentrated water discharge line 18. To discharge through, the reverse osmosis process (S30) to supply to the reverse osmosis membrane module 40 by using the low pressure pump (30).

Next, the concentrated water discharged from the reverse osmosis membrane module 40 through the concentrated water discharge line 18 is supplied to the induction solution, and the sewage of the immersion tank 10 is supplied to the inflow sewage so as to be concentrated at a high concentration. The second forward osmosis process (S40) of diluting the water is performed, and the diluted concentrated water 22 is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane module 40 together with the seawater 12 diluted using the low pressure pump 30 again. The pure water is concentrated water and the sewage in the second forward osmosis membrane module is circulated to the sewage supply line 4 again and is supplied to the immersion tank 10 together with the inflowing raw water 2.

As described above, the present invention is a hybrid seawater desalination apparatus and method of forward osmosis and reverse osmosis, by diluting a high concentration of seawater by forcelessly by the difference in the concentration of seawater as sewage and induction solution by submerged forward osmosis, Since the operation of the process is possible, the power cost of the reverse osmosis process, which consumes the most energy in the seawater desalination process, can be reduced, and the recovery rate of the entire process can be increased by circulating the concentrated water produced in the reverse osmosis process through the forward osmosis process. have.

While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, these are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto and should be construed as having the best range in accordance with the basic idea disclosed herein. Those skilled in the art can change the material, size, etc. of each component according to the application field, it is possible to implement a pattern of the shape not shown by combining or replacing the disclosed embodiments, but this is also not departing from the scope of the present invention. In addition, those skilled in the art can easily change or modify the disclosed embodiments based on the present specification, it is apparent that such changes or modifications are included in the scope of the present invention.

2: Inflow sewage 4: Sewage supply line
6: high concentration seawater 8: seawater supply line
10: dipping tank 12: diluted seawater
14: sewage discharge line 16: filtered water discharge line
18: concentrated water discharge line 20: the first forward osmosis membrane module
22: dilute concentrated water 30: low pressure pump
40: reverse osmosis membrane module 50: second forward osmosis membrane module

Claims (8)

As a FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination device,
An immersion tank in which the inflow sewage treated by secondary treatment is supplied through a sewage supply line;
A first forward osmosis membrane module installed in the immersion tank so that the high concentration of seawater supplied as an induction solution is diluted due to the difference in concentration with the inflow sewage supplied to the immersion tank;
A reverse osmosis membrane module for supplying the diluted seawater and separating the filtered seawater into concentrated water;
A low pressure pump for supplying the diluted seawater to the reverse osmosis membrane module;
And fouling reducing means for reducing fouling generated in the first forward osmosis membrane module.
FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination unit.
The method of claim 1,
The first forward osmosis membrane module is characterized in that the immersion hollow fiber membrane
FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination unit.
The method of claim 1,
The fouling reducing means is characterized in that the nozzle for injecting air bubbles from the lower part of the immersion tank
FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination unit.
The method of claim 1,
The secondary treated sewage of the immersion tank is supplied to the inflow sewage, and the concentrated water discharged from the reverse osmosis membrane module is supplied to the induction solution, the concentrated solution of high concentration by the concentration difference and the induced solution passed through the first forward osmosis process Further comprising a second forward osmosis membrane module diluted to the same concentration and circulated to the reverse osmosis membrane module
FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination unit.
5. The method of claim 4,
The diluted concentrated water is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane module by the low pressure pump.
FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination unit.
In the FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination method,
A sewage supply process for supplying inflow sewage treated secondly to the immersion tank;
A first forward osmosis process of supplying seawater to the first forward osmosis membrane module installed in the immersion tank as an induction solution and diluting the supplied high concentration seawater by a concentration difference between the inflow sewage and seawater;
Including a reverse osmosis process of supplying the diluted sea water to the reverse osmosis membrane module at a low pressure to separate the concentrated water and the discharge water
FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination method.
The method according to claim 6,
The first forward osmosis step includes a fouling reduction step of spraying an air bubble to the first forward osmosis membrane module at the bottom of the immersion tank.
FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination method.
The method according to claim 6,
A second water in which the concentrated water of the reverse osmosis membrane module is supplied to the induction solution, the sewage of the immersion tank is supplied to the inflow sewage, and the concentrated water of high concentration is diluted to the same concentration as the induction solution that has passed the first forward osmosis process by the concentration difference. Further comprising forward osmosis process
FO / RO hybrid seawater desalination method.
KR1020120025085A 2012-03-12 2012-03-12 Forward Osmosis/Reverse Osmosis Hybrid seawater Desalination apparatus and method KR101319411B1 (en)

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CN107915341A (en) * 2016-10-11 2018-04-17 现代工程建设有限公司 Reverse osmosis process concentration wastewater treatment equipment and processing method are just being permeated using reverse osmosis
WO2019087867A1 (en) * 2017-10-30 2019-05-09 東洋紡株式会社 Seawater desalination method and seawater desalination system
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