KR20130094090A - Pyrotechnic smoke materail for the visible and ir screenig smoke - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is aimed at smoke screening and deception in an electric field environment, and is a combustion type infrared smoke screen providing an smoke cloud in the visible and infrared spectrums, and in particular, emitting a strong radiation energy in the mid-infrared and far-infrared spectrums. The present invention relates to a composition, wherein the main component is red phosphorus, nitrate of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, chlorate or perchlorate or mixture thereof and at least one transition metal or a metal compound or alloy thereof, or at least one non-metal as secondary component. And it relates to a combustion type infrared smoke film composition containing a binder.

Description

Pyrotechnic Smoke Materail for the Visible and IR Screenig Smoke}

The present invention is a combustion type that can provide a smoke cloud in the form of an aerosol having high impermeability in the visible and infrared bands of the electromagnetic spectrum at the same time, especially in the infrared band. It relates to an infrared light shielding film composition.

In general, smoke screens produced by pyrotechnic combustion reactions are mainly used in the military field for camouflage, decoying, screening, simulation, and marking. Has been used.

Conventional smoke agents include titanium tetrachloride, silicon tetrachloride, chlorosulfonic acid, ammonia, sulfur trioxide as fuel, and smoke producing agents. hexachloroethane mixture composed of red phasphorus, hexachloroethane, aluminum powder and zinc chloride, and ammonium perchlorate and potassium chlorate as oxidizing agents. , Potassium perchlorate was used mainly. In the case of using the smoke screen composed of the raw materials, the process of generating smoke screen, first, the oxygen is supplied from the oxidant to burn fuel to generate heat and gas, and the smoke former forms the gas in the solid while absorbing the reaction heat. The phase change of the furnace occurs, together with the generated gas, is released into the atmosphere and diffused to form a white smoke. In this case, as the main factors for determining the performance of smoke screening of the produced smoke screen, the combustion speed, the chemical properties of the particles of the smoke screen smoke aerosol, the particle size, the diffusion characteristics, the concentration and the combustion time are important. Sodium bicarbonate, which causes an endothermic reaction, is added as a coolant.

The conventional smoke screening agent possesses excellent characteristics of smoke shielding performance in the visible photoelectric band of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, due to the development of military science and technology, the development of electro-optical equipment and various sensors makes day and night observation, surveillance and detection equipment using infrared bands such as night vision equipment and thermal imaging equipment in the battlefield, or by applying this technology as a detection sensor. As the use of guided weapons appeared, it was not possible to provide protection capabilities for such infrared optical equipment or aiming / guided weapons, and there was a problem in that it was not possible to guarantee survivability for friendly forces, equipment, and facilities. Optical sensors attached to these infrared devices or weapons use the property that "all objects emit their own infrared radiation." In general, since infrared energy is selectively absorbed by carbon dioxide or water molecules in the atmosphere, most electro-optic sensors used for military purposes have high atmospheric transmittance, which does not occur in the atmosphere. Infrared bands of 0.7-2 μm near infrared, 3-5 μm mid-infrared and 8-14 μm far-infrared wavelength bands are called "atmospheric windows." In particular, in the infrared band of 3 ~ 5μm 8 ~ 14μm is rarely disturbed by smoke, fog or general mist is used especially in military infrared sensor. Therefore, the challenge of this type of combustion infrared smoke screen is to have a high infrared radiation energy while causing absorption, scattering and reflection effects in this range.

On the other hand, the conventional smoke screening agent is first divided into a predetermined amount of the raw material of the softening agent, the raw material is mixed with acetone which is a solvent in the wet dough state, and the predetermined amount of the slurry in the slurry (slurry) by filling and compression molding After the first drying, a predetermined amount of a complexing agent in a slurry state is applied to the inner hole and the upper surface of the compression-molded slurry film-forming agent to prepare a second drying. Thereafter, seam with the lid was smoked to produce smoke coal through washing, painting, marking, and fuse bonding. Most conventional smokescreens produced in this way have strong acidity such as phophorus pentoxide, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, titanium salts, or zinc salts produced during combustion. By-products are known to be very harmful to humans and natural ecosystems. Therefore, the composition of the combustion-type infrared smoke screening agent is designed to adjust the by-products generated during the combustion reaction to weak acidity or neutrality.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is impermeable in the visible spectrum (0.3 ~ 0.7㎛) and a strong radioactive smoke cloud in the infrared spectrum (0.7 ~ 14㎛) It is a problem to provide a pyrotechnic combustion type infrared smoke film composition to be provided.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is impermeable in the visible light spectrum and infrared spectrum for gastrointestinal and deceptive purposes, in particular in the mid-infrared spectrum (3 ~ 5㎛) and far infrared spectrum (8 ~ 14㎛) A pyrotechnic smokescreen composition that provides a highly radioactive smokescreen, comprising: 45-75% by weight red phosphorus, 15-35% by weight alkali metals or alkali earth metals nitrate, Chlorates or perchlorates, ammonium natrate, ammonium perchlorate or mixtures thereof, and 2-20% by weight of transition metals, alloys or compounds thereof It is a composition comprising a compound, metalloid, nonmetalic materials or mixtures thereof and 0.5 to 8% by weight of a polymeric binder.

Here, it is preferable that the soft film composition forms an aerosol soft film having strong radioactivity during the combustion reaction. In addition, 55 to 62 wt% red phosphorus, 18 to 23 wt% alkali metal nitrate, 10 to 18 wt% metal, metalloid and nonmetal mixtures, and 5 to 7 wt% HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) binder The best performance when included. In this case, the particle size of the aerosol smoke cloud generated during combustion of the smoke agent composition is preferably 0.3 to 14 μm.

The above-mentioned solution of the present invention provides the following effects.

First, the combustion-type infrared deputy smoke agent composition of the present invention provides effective smoke deputy and deceptive smoke screen in the infrared wavelength range in addition to the visible light wavelength range, thereby surviving the friendly soldiers, equipment, and facilities during the operation of the friendly smoke operation. Can improve.

Second, the composition of the combustion-type infrared smoke screening agent is designed to control the combustion by-products to be slightly acidic or neutral, so that a relatively low toxicity and environmentally friendly smoke screen is produced to the human body than the conventional hexachloroethane or white phophorus smokescreening agent. Can provide.

Figure 1 is a graph of the shielding performance of the smoke generated after the combustion in the test facility specified for 500g infrared smoke film fillet prepared according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings it will be described in detail a combustion-type infrared smoke screen composition which is opaque in the visible light spectrum and provides absorption, scattering and strong radioactive smoke screen in the infrared spectrum according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The present invention is capable of shielding the visible light band and red phosphorus, particularly suitable for the production of smoke screens having high radiation energy in the mid-infrared band (3 to 5 µm) and the far infrared band (8 to 14 µm). As a base, it provides a human body and ecotoxicologically safe combustion infrared smoke screen consisting of oxidizing agents such as nitrates, chlorates or perchlorates, metallic or nonmetallic fuel materials and polymeric binders. As the oxidizing agent, nitrates, chlorates or perchlorates of alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, cesium and rubidium or alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, calcium, barium and strontium are mainly used. Used. As the metallic or nonmetallic fuel material, a transition metal such as zirconium, titanium, iron, an alloy material or compound thereof, a metalloid, a nonmetal such as boron or silicon, or a mixture thereof is used. Finally, a binder based on HTPB or polychloroprene is used as the polymer binder.

For use for positioning and simulation, colored smokescreens (white, yellow, red, purple, green, etc.) based on organic azo dyes, which preferably absorb in the visible range of the spectrum, are used, but smokescreens are used. For the deputy or deception, preferably in the range of 0.3 to 1.5; 1.6 to 1.8; 2.0 to 2.5; 3.0 to 5.0 and 8.0 to 14 μm, in particular the infrared spectrum of the electromagnetic spectrum in the range of the atmospheric transmission window. An aerosol is used that blocks the range. Light scattering, absorption and radiation are important for this dynamic. Scattering and absorption of light are explained according to Lambert-Beer's law.

(Formula 1)

Where ₀ represents intensity of incident light in visible or infrared bands, and l represents intensity of light transmitted through an aerosol smoke cloud. c is the concentration of aerosol per unit volume and l represents the path length of the aerosol smoke cloud in which light passes. α _λ is the mass extintion coefficient dependent on the wavelength of the aerosol particle as the sum of the scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient in a given material:

(Formula 2)

The scattering action here depends primarily on the shape and size of the particles, and the absorption is only determined by the chemical composition of the particles. The refractive index m of the aerosol, which is determined not only by physical properties but also by chemical state, affects not only the scattering behavior but also the absorption behavior.

In order to be able to scatter light from aerosol particles in smoke clouds, the particle diameter in the spherical shape of the particle, which is assumed based on Rayyleih scattering, must match the wavelength of light to be scattered. This means that particles with a particle diameter of 0.3 to 14 μm must be present in the aerosol smoke cloud for optimal scattering of light with a wavelength in the range of micrometers.

To date, infrared cured smokescreens have been used to produce aerosol-type smokescreens. There have been two methods:

a) a carbon-rich composition is suspended in an atmosphere of carbon black particles of suitable size by combustion in an oxygen deficient state (see German Patent Publication DE3326884C2).

b) A method of forcibly dispersing preconditioned particles (e.g. metal powder) in air using a dispersant.

The drawback of this method of generating an aerosol smoke shield that shields infrared radiation is in the case of a) polyhalogenated oxy, a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and halogen-containing component as a byproduct of combustion. Allenes such as polyhalodibenzo-furans and polyhalodibenzodioxines or polyhalogenated biphenylenes are accompanied by carbon black particles, in the case of b) Aerosol smoke due to forced dispersion of metal powder by gunpowder can provide fast smoke removal capability, but it is vulnerable to weather conditions such as wind direction and wind speed after smoke formation, and does not provide sufficient smoke duration. "Bird-nesting" phenomenon creates a sparse section in the center of the smoke cloud, resulting in the enemy's line of sight (LOS). There has been a problem that sight is not blocked. Moreover, the metal powders used have a high specific gravity and fall rapidly from the atmosphere to the ground, which results in an unsatisfactory shielding effect. In addition, the metal powder is toxic to the human body and the environment when a large amount of inhalation is limited in mass use for training purposes.

The main problem of conventional impermeable aerosols, such as the above method, is to move moving protected targets (persons, planes, armored platforms) with manual command to line of sight (MCLOS) and semi-active command induction (SACLOS). command to line of sight is not able to effectively protect moving targets such as friendly soldiers, tanks and armored vehicles for a long time from threats from weapons (eg Milan, TOW antitank guided weapons). These guided weapons are controlled by enemy pilots through wire or glass fiber or optical fiber, allowing the pilot to target targets through thermal imaging devices using 3 to 5 μm and 8 to 14 μm wavelength bands. Aim. Since the manipulator matches the line of sight with the target and then calculates and tracks the position of the target from the last identified movement position, it has been difficult to protect the target through smoke screens during the flight of guided weapons.

An object of the present invention is to generate a smoke screen capable of providing a long-term shielding ability in the visible range as well as in the infrared range.

Red phosphorus, alkali metal nitrate (lithium nitrate), sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, potassium nitrate, rubidium nitrate and the like Cesium nitrate ammonium perchlorate or mixtures thereof and transition metals as secondary components such as titanium, zirconium (Zr) or iron or metal suspended alloys or compounds of their elements, eg For example, a metal fuel selected from the group of TiH, Zr / Ni, Zr / Fe or ZrSi ₂ , at least one nonmetal, for example, an electron donor compound and a polymer of boron or silicon or their elements. It contains an organic binder.

Here, while red phosphorus as a carrier of a transmission-damping effect in the visible range is conventionally known, the consideration that red phosphorus acts as a carrier of radioactive activity in the infrared range under certain circumstances is novel. Do. That is, red phosphorus sufficiently evaporates when reacting with the active ingredient nitrate / metal / base metal to burn phosphorus pentoxide in the presence of oxygen based on (Formula 3) and (Formula 4).

(Formula 3)

(Formula 4)

Phosphorous pentoxide reacts with moisture in the air based on (Formula 5) to produce phosphoric acid and heat.

(Formula 5)

The use of alkali metal nitrates as oxidants according to the present invention provides alkali metal oxides at the time of combustion while the alkali metal oxides react on the basis of moisture present in the air (Formula 6). Produce hydroxides.

(Formula 6)

Here, M is a metal selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, and Cs.

The aerosol undergoes an exothermic reaction with phosphate aerosol to produce the corresponding dihidrogen phosphates.

(Formula 7)

Hydration of dihydrogen phosphate similarly generates heat again through exothermic reactions.

(Formula 8)

The formed aerosol liquid droplets have a size of 0.01 to 2 μm, through which high absorption and scattering coefficients within the visible and short wave infrared spectral range of 0.3 to 1.9 μm, and low in the infrared spectrum of the 2 to 14 μm range and long wave Has attenuation This is not attenuated and is formed by the reaction formulas 4-6, in particular the heat generated in the reaction formulas 7 and 8 causes strong emission of the aerosol droplets in the infrared and medium- and long-wave infrared spectrums, through which Compensate for low scattering and absorption coefficients. Unlike the known intensity spinning of magnesium-containing active materials which are produced directly upon combustion but are rapidly calmed down, the exotherm generated by the present invention is the first chemical which is made possible in part due to the delayed formation of aerosol droplets. As produced by the process, this radiation can last for 50 to 200 seconds, or as long as needed for the stomach.

According to the use of transition metals such as zirconium (Zr), titanium and nonmetals, such as boron or silicon, the oxides based on the invention exhibit high exothermic aerosols as they achieve extremely high combustion temperatures. Particles emit high thermal energy.

Moreover, the use of transition metals and alloys or metal suspended compounds thereof in accordance with the present invention inhibits the generation of highly toxic phosphine formers. Metal phosphides (zirconium phosphide or titanium phosphide) formed due to lack of oxygen at the time of combustion have non-ionic properties, so they can be used to prevent moisture or air It does not cause concomitant hydrolysis or acid degradation.

Thus, smoke screens tested on the basis of the present invention are human and ecotoxicologically acceptable and are significantly safer than conventional smoke screens based on red phosphorus and light metals such as magnesium or aluminum. Therefore, self-ignition of the combustion residue typically occurring in conventional smoke screens based on red phosphorus is also prevented.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described according to examples, but these examples do not limit the present invention.

Example

585 g of red phosphorus, 210 g of potassium nitrate, 50 g of silicon, 50 g of boron, 50 g of zirconium (Zr), and

From 210 g of the high molecular compound binder (solid content 30%), a paste-like batch is prepared by gradually adding each component to red phosphorus. The damp material is filtered off with a mesh width of 10 mm and dried in a dryer at 50 ° C. for 24 hours. After drying, 35 g of smokescreen grain is press-molded in the form of a fillet having a height of 10 mm and an outer diameter of 60 mm at a pressure of 15 tons. One pellet thus produced produces a dark white smoke in the visible spectrum for about 35 seconds of burning time.

When the infrared intensity is measured within the visible and infrared spectral ranges, a black body with a temperature of 300 ° C. installed at a distance of 4 m from the smoke supply source using an infrared radiometer is measured for the generated aerosol smoke screen. Started.

Visible Light Attenuation Characteristic

Infrared Attenuation Characteristics
aC value: 0.6-0.8 m ^-1

aC value: 0.4 to 0.6 m ^-1

Figure 1 shows the attenuation characteristic index (aC value) due to aerosol smoke generated by the combustion of the infrared smoke screening agent tested on the basis of 500 g of the material according to the present invention at a distance of 5 m from the smoke source. The use of aerosol smokescreens produced in accordance with the present invention enables very good overradiation (> 95%) for radioactive targets having a temperature of 300 ° C.

As described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and variations and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention. And such modifications are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

In the material of the combustion-type infrared deputy smoke screening agent for smoke screening and deception purposes,
45 to 75% by weight of red phosphorus, 15 to 35% by weight of a composition selected from the group consisting of nitrates, chlorates or perchlorates of alkali or alkaline earth metals and at least one transition metal, metal compound thereof, as a secondary component 2-20% by weight of a composition selected from the group consisting of an alloy and at least one metalloid and 0.5-8% by weight of the binder, impermeable in the visible and infrared spectra, particularly strong in the infrared spectrum An infrared smoke screen composition which provides a smoke screen with energy. The method of claim 1,
Infrared smokescreen composition, characterized in that to form a strong radioactive aerosol smokescreen during the combustion reaction. The method of claim 1,
An infrared soft film composition comprising 55 to 62 wt% red phosphorus, 18 to 23 wt% alkali metal nitrate, 10 to 18 wt% metal and metalloid, and 5 to 7 wt% binder. The method of claim 1,
A combustible infrared film composition comprising 58.5 wt% red phosphorus, 21.1 wt% potassium nitrate, 4.7 wt% boron, 4.7 wt% silicon, 4.7 wt% zirconium, and 6.3 wt% polychloroprene binder. The method of claim 1,
Infrared smokescreen composition, characterized in that the size of the aerosol smokescreen particles are 0.3 ~ 14 ㎛.

Images