KR20130029866A - Process for preparing ginseng seed oil of high oxidative stability and low color with supercritical fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A manufacturing method for ginseng seed oil is provided to have excellent oxidation stability and coloring performance by having a low chlorophyll pigment content. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method for ginseng seed oil comprises: a step of extracting ginseng seed oil by applying a supercritical carbon dioxide to a ginseng seed; and a step of decreasing the pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide, vaporizing the carbon dioxide, and separating the carbon dioxide from the extracted oil. The manufacturing method roasts the ginseng seed at 100-250 deg. C. before the extraction, and pulverizes the ginseng seed oil to a size of below 1.0 mm. The ginseng seed oil has a tocopherol content of 700 mg/L and a chlorophyll content of below 1.5 ppm.

Description

Process for Preparing Ginseng Seed Oil of High Oxidative Stability and Low Color with Supercritical Fluid}

The present invention relates to a method for preparing ginseng seed oil using a supercritical fluid. More specifically, the present invention relates to a manufacturing method capable of extracting high content of tocopherol, an antioxidant component, and lowering the chlorophyll pigment content using the supercritical carbon dioxide, and the ginseng seed oil prepared by the method.

Ginseng ( Panax ginseng CA Meyer ) A plant belonging to the genus Ogapi ginseng, which has been used in Korea, China, and Japan for more than 2,000 years, and has been used to prevent disease and prolong life. Ginseng's known effects and effects on the central nervous system, anti-carcinogenic and anti-cancer activity, immune function regulation, antidiabetic effect, hepatic function enhancement, cardiovascular disorders and anti-arteriosclerosis, blood pressure control, menopausal Effects on improving disorders and osteoporosis, antistress and anti-fatigue, antioxidant activity and anti-aging effects are known.

Ginsenoside, a representative physiologically active component of ginseng, is evenly distributed on the ground and underground parts of ginseng. However, ginsenoside content and composition differ greatly depending on the parts such as ginseng root (root), ginseng leaf, and ginseng fruit. In particular, ginseng seed was used only as a means for growing ginseng. Therefore, studies on the oil contained in ginseng seed, especially ginseng seed, have been carried out to analyze the fatty acid composition and phytosterol content of ginseng seed oil (J. Agric. Food Chem. 50). 744-750, 2002).

Tocopherol is a representative physiologically active substance in ginseng seeds. Among them, alpha (α) type with strong antioxidant activity accounts for 20%, and the rest is mainly composed of gamma (γ) type. Tocopherols not only have vitality as vitamin E, but also have antioxidant effects. The biochemical function of tocopherol as vitamin E is known to be anti-cancer effect, immune enhancing effect, thrombosis and inflammatory response control effect, and affects nucleic acid and protein fat metabolism. Above all, tocopherol's main function is to protect the damaged cells caused by free radicals and peroxides as antioxidants in biological membranes.

However, although ginseng seed oil has excellent antioxidant properties, it is known to have lower oxidation stability than Meadowfoam oil, which is widely used as a general cosmetic oil. In addition, ginseng seed oil contains a lot of chlorophyll derived from the seeds of some ganoderma lucidum, so the color tone of cosmetic oil is not good.

The present inventors determined that the lack of ginseng seed oil as a cosmetic oil is a problem of the oil manufacturing process rather than a problem of ginseng seed itself. This is because ginseng seed is known as a plant capable of long-term preservation of seeds because it contains a large amount of antioxidants. Common methods for preparing ginseng seed oil include pressing and squeezing ginseng seed and organic solvent extraction using an organic solvent such as hexane. Since the compression method simply squeezes by a physical method, there is a drawback of not sufficiently extracting the useful components contained therein, and the chlorophyll content is high and the color of the oil is increased. In the case of organic solvent extraction method, the extraction efficiency is good, but due to the toxicity of the organic solvent, it is dismissed from consumers who demand environmentally friendly products.

Therefore, using supercritical carbon dioxide, the extraction of antioxidant components is maximized, and the extraction of chlorophyll is minimized to develop excellent ginseng seed oil as a cosmetic raw material.

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention sought to develop a method for producing a low-color ginseng seed oil having excellent antioxidant properties and low chlorophyll content using ginseng seeds using supercritical carbon dioxide. When the critical carbon dioxide is applied, it is confirmed that the extraction efficiency of the antioxidant component is increased, but the chlorophyll content in the oil is reduced, thereby completing the present invention.

In order to achieve the above object, the method for preparing ginseng seed oil using supercritical carbon dioxide in the present invention comprises the steps of extracting ginseng seed oil by adding supercritical carbon dioxide under conditions of 35 to 90 and 300 to 800 bar to ginseng seed; Separating and collecting carbon dioxide from a mixture of the extracted oil and supercritical carbon dioxide in a gas phase; And separating and purifying the extracted oil. At this time, the ginseng seed is pre-treated with roasting in order to increase the extraction efficiency.

As disclosed in European Patent No. 925,724, in order to extract lipid using supercritical carbon dioxide, an extraction device composed of an extraction tank, a heat exchanger, a pump, a carbon dioxide storage tank, a chiller (cooling condenser), a decompression separator, use. In the extraction device, the extraction tank serves to extract the roasted crushed ginseng seed, the pump serves to pressurize the supercritical carbon dioxide, the heat exchanger serves to heat the supercritical carbon dioxide, The pressure reducing valve serves to decompress the supercritical carbon dioxide emitted from the extractor, and the pressure reducing separator completely decompresses the supercritical carbon dioxide, thereby separating the gaseous carbon dioxide, and the chiller converts the decompressed carbon dioxide into the supercritical carbon dioxide. It serves to convert, and the carbon dioxide reservoir serves to store supercritical carbon dioxide.

In order to extract oil from ginseng seed using the extracting device, first ginseng seed is introduced into an extraction tank, supercritical carbon dioxide passed through a pump and a heat exchanger is introduced into the bottom of the extraction tank, and then oil and various components extracted from ginseng seed The supercritical carbon dioxide and the mixture is discharged to the top of the extraction tank, the discharged mixture is decompressed through a pressure reducing valve, and the carbon dioxide is separated and collected in a gas phase in a pressure reducer, and the extracted oil is collected. . At this time, the separated carbon dioxide is converted into liquid carbon dioxide through the chiller and stored in the carbon dioxide storage tank.

The ginseng seed oil produced by the method of producing a common ginseng seed oil is not very excellent in antioxidant properties, and has a weak point such as coloring by chlorophyll incorporated. The present inventors use supercritical carbon dioxide to overcome this problem. As a result of various studies, it was confirmed that ginseng seed oil extracted from supercritical carbon dioxide at a higher pressure than the conventional treatment conditions has a high content of antioxidant components, while minimizing the content of chlorophyll.

Ginseng seed oil according to the present invention does not deteriorate due to rancidity of lipids even during long-term storage, and has a low chlorophyll content, which is excellent in color tone, and may be used as a basic oil of edible as well as functional cosmetics.

The present invention, using a supercritical carbon dioxide, from the roasted crushed ginseng seed, the antioxidant tocopherol is extracted with a high content, but a low chlorophyll content ginseng seed oil and a method for producing ginseng seed oil prepared by the method to provide. The high antioxidant and low pigmented ginseng seed oil according to the present invention can be used as a basic oil of functional cosmetics as well as edible, and will contribute to improving farm household income by producing high quality ginseng seed oil.

FIG. 1 shows the results of ginseng seed oil-containing tocopherols analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. These embodiments are only for describing the present invention more specifically, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments.

Raw Material Pretreatment to Improve Ginseng Seed Oil Extraction Efficiency

Ginseng seed raw material was roasted and crushed pretreated to determine the change of supercritical fluid extraction efficiency of ginseng seed oil.

Example 1-1 : Effect of Distribution Temperature Change

100 g of ginseng seeds were placed in the roasting heat treatment apparatus and roasted for 10 minutes, and the roasting temperature was crushed after being treated differently with 100, 150, 200, and 250. The roasted crushed raw materials were placed in a supercritical fluid extraction device and extracted for 1 hour, and ginseng seed oil extraction efficiency was compared according to each roasting condition. At this time, supercritical extraction conditions were fixed at 60, 350 bar. The extraction efficiency was expressed as a percentage of the amount of oil extracted and the amount of oil present in the raw material. As shown in Table 1, the extraction efficiency was slightly different depending on the roasting temperature, but the difference was not large. However, when compared with raw materials that are not roasted, it can be seen that the extraction efficiency is increased due to roasting.

Supercritical extraction efficiency from crushed raw materials after distribution for 10 minutes at various distribution temperatures Distribution temperature (℃) Control group
(No power distribution) 100 150 200 250 Ginseng seed oil
Extraction efficiency (%) 71 82 84 89 90

Example 1-2 : Effect of Crushing Degree

The extraction was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1-1, but the extraction efficiency was compared by varying the degree of crushing after roasting at 200. As shown in Table 2, the more the crushing, the higher the extraction efficiency. However, if the particle size is less than 0.1 mm, the extraction efficiency did not increase.

 Supercritical Extraction Efficiency According to the Degree of Crushing after Distribution After shredding
Particle size (diameter) Control group
(Not broken) 1.0 mm or more 1.0-0.5 mm 0.5-0.1 mm 0.1 mm or less Ginseng seed oil
Extraction efficiency (%) 5 74 91 95 95

Extraction Efficiency of Antioxidant Components with Pressure and Temperature Changes in Supercritical Fluids

When the roasted and shredded raw materials were extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide, the effects of temperature and pressure of supercritical fluid on the extraction efficiency of tocopherol, a representative antioxidant component of ginseng seed oil, were measured.

Example 2-1 Influence of Supercritical Fluid Temperature

The above- In the extraction process, in 100 g of roasted and crushed pre-treated ginseng seed material, the temperature of supercritical carbon dioxide was changed to 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and ginseng seed oil was extracted and the content of the representative antioxidant tocopherol was measured. It was. At this time, the pressure of the supercritical fluid was maintained at 350 bar and extracted until the ginseng seed oil extraction efficiency was 95%. Tocopherol content in the extracted ginseng seed oil was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). C18 column (ABBOTA 5 C18, 150 × 4.6 mm) was used as stationary phase. 100% methanol (methanol) was used as the mobile phase at an elution rate of 0.8 mL / min. The sample was dissolved in methanol, filtered, and then 20 injected. The detector was measured at 254 nm using a multi-channel detector (Photodiode array detector). 1 is an HPLC analysis chromatography of tocopherol.

As shown in the results of Table 3, in the case of tocopherol, a representative antioxidant of ginseng seed oil, the extraction efficiency was affected by the temperature of supercritical carbon dioxide. The higher the temperature, the higher the extraction efficiency, but the increase was not significant above 60, but decreased above 80, which may be due to the change of oil at high temperature.

Tocopherol Contents of Ginseng Seed Oil Extracted with Temperature Change of Supercritical Fluids Temperature (℃) 35 40 50 60 70 80 90 In ginseng seed oil
Tocopherol Content (mg / L) 697 705 730 744 774 770 762 Extraction efficiency (%) 86 87 90 93 95 95 94

Example 2-2 Influence of Supercritical Fluid Pressure

Similarly, In the extraction process, ginseng seed oil is extracted by changing the pressure of supercritical carbon dioxide from 100 g of roasted and crushed pretreated ginseng seed raw material to 75, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 bar. Tocopherol content was measured. At this time, the temperature of the supercritical fluid was maintained at 60, and the extraction time was limited to 2 hours at any pressure. Tocopherol content contained in the extracted ginseng seed oil was measured by the above-mentioned method and is shown in Table 4 together with the ginseng seed oil extraction amount.

As shown in the results of Table 4, the tocopherol content of ginseng seed oil was not significantly affected by the pressure of supercritical carbon dioxide. However, the amount of ginseng seed oil extracted tends to be highly dependent on the pressure. In particular, the extraction yield is continuously increasing at a pressure of 300 bar or more. Therefore, when comparing the total amount of extracted pure tocopherol, the higher the pressure, the higher yield of tocopherol extraction was found.

Changes of Ginseng Seed Flow and Tocopherol Contents in the Presence of Supercritical Fluid Pressure Pressure (bar) 75 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Extracted Ginseng Seed Flow (mL) 3.6 4.3 9.8 13.8 14.2 14.9 15.3 15.8 16.1 In ginseng seed oil
Tocopherol Content (mg / L) 724 739 741 743 744 743 747 748 746 Total amount of tocopherols
(mg) 2.6 3.1 7.3 10.3 10.6 11.1 11.4 11.8 12.0

Effect of Supercritical Extraction on Chlorophyll Content in Ginseng Seed Oil

Ginseng seed oil contains more chlorophyll in comparison with other cooking oils. Chlorophyll contained in ginseng seed oil is known to cause oils to have a turquoise color, which reduces the quality of oil. Chlorophyll is not easily removed even during oil refining, which creates and regulates internationally accepted standards. Current standards are within 3.0 red and 125 yellow, measured by the British Standard Lovibond Color Method using a 1.25 inch cell, which falls below 30 ppm based on chlorophyll content (Fats and Oils, Richard D. O'Brien, Technomic Publishing Co. , Lancaster, USA (1998) p. 563).

The chlorophyll content in ginseng seed oil was measured when the roasted and crushed pretreated raw materials were extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide. The above- In the extraction process, in 100 g of roasted and crushed pre-treated ginseng seed stock, the temperature of supercritical carbon dioxide was maintained at 60, the pressure was changed to 300, 400, 500, 600 bar, and ginseng seed oil was extracted for 2 hours. Chlorophyll content was measured. Chlorophyll content was used as the British Standard Lovibond Color Method and the results are shown in Table 5.

As shown in the results of Table 5, when ginseng seed oil is extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide, the ginseng seed oil chlorophyll content under international pressure limits ( 6 to 30 ppm , Fats and Oils, Richard D. O'Brien, Technomic Publishing Co. , Lancaster, USA (1998) p. 528) or less. This is lower than conventional ginseng seed oil production.The supercritical fluid extraction method is a method that can produce high quality ginseng seed oil, compared to conventional ginseng seed oil production method in which chlorophyll levels change greatly depending on harvest time and seed quality. I could see that.

Chlorophyll Content in Supercritical Extracted Ginseng Seed Oil Supercritical Extraction Pressure (bar) 300 400 500 600 Chlorophyll content
(ppm) 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.5

Table 6 compares the present invention with a conventional compressed method for producing ginseng seed oil, and shows the superiority of the present invention by increasing the antioxidant tocopherol content by 1.4 times.

In the production of ginseng seed oil, the results of the present invention compared with the conventional compression method Existing Method
(Compression type) Invention
(Supercritical fluid extraction; 60, 600 bar) Increase or
Improving Tocopherol Content in Ginseng Seed Oil (mg / L) 531 747 40% increase Chlorophyll Content in Ginseng Seed Oil (ppm) 34 0.5 Standard (6 to 30 ppm)
Within

Claims (4)

Extracting ginseng seed oil by adding supercritical carbon dioxide to ginseng seed and decompressing the supercritical carbon dioxide in which the extracted oil is dissolved, and vaporizing carbon dioxide and separating it from the extracted oil, the chlorophyll content is low and tocopherol A method for producing ginseng seed oil using supercritical carbon dioxide having a high content.
The method for producing ginseng seed oil using supercritical carbon dioxide according to claim 1, wherein the ginseng seed is roasted at a temperature of 100 to 250 and crushed to 1.0 mm or less before extraction.
The method for preparing ginseng seed oil using supercritical carbon dioxide according to claim 1, which is extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide under a temperature condition of 35 to 90 and a pressure condition of 300 to 800 bar.
A ginseng seed oil prepared by the method of claim 1, having a tocopherol of 700 mg / L or more and a chlorophyll content of 1.5 ppm or less.

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