KR20110120518A - System for pwm controlling bidirectional dc/dc converter - Google Patents

System for pwm controlling bidirectional dc/dc converter Download PDF

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KR20110120518A
KR20110120518A KR1020100039963A KR20100039963A KR20110120518A KR 20110120518 A KR20110120518 A KR 20110120518A KR 1020100039963 A KR1020100039963 A KR 1020100039963A KR 20100039963 A KR20100039963 A KR 20100039963A KR 20110120518 A KR20110120518 A KR 20110120518A
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bidirectional
converter
equation
control system
pwm
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KR1020100039963A
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Korean (ko)
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김영배
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전남대학교산학협력단
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582Buck-boost converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0064Magnetic structures combining different functions, e.g. storage, filtering or transformation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A system for PWM controlling a bidirectional DC/DC converter is provided to reduce an error by being connected to first and second switch and transferring a PWM duty ratio control signal. CONSTITUTION: In a system for PWM controlling a bidirectional DC/DC converter, a bidirectional buck-boost converter(100) comprises a power supply circuit portion and a filter section. The output ripple of the bidirectional buck-boost converter is less than 2%. A power circuit unit is comprised of first and second switch and is connected to a battery power. A filter is comprised of an inductor(L) and an output filter capacitor(C). A DEC controller(200) is connected to first and second switch and transfers a PWM duty ratio control signal.

Description

양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 PWM제어 시스템{System for PWM controlling bidirectional DC/DC converter}Bidirectional DC / DC converter PCM control system {System for PWM controlling bidirectional DC / DC converter}

본 발명은 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 PWM제어 시스템에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터의 전압을 승압/감압시키기 위하여 DEC(Dynamic Evolution Control)를 이용한 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터의 PWM제어를 하기 위한 시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a bidirectional DC / DC converter PWM control system, and more particularly to PWM control of a bidirectional DC / DC converter using a dynamic evolution control (DEC) to step up / down a voltage of a bidirectional DC / DC converter. A system for

일반적으로, 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터는 PWM의 듀티비 제어를 하기 위하여 소신호 모델을 이용한 PI 제어기법과 슬라이딩 모드 기법 등이 사용되고 있다. PI 제어기법은 컨버터의 작용점(Operting point) 변화 대처 능력이 떨어지며 슬라이딩 기법은 채터링 현상이 발생하게 되는 문제점이 있다.In general, in order to control the duty ratio of PWM, the bidirectional DC / DC converter uses a PI controller method and a sliding mode method using a small signal model. The PI control method has a problem in that the converter's ability to cope with changing the operating point is inferior, and the sliding method has a chattering phenomenon.

본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제점을 감안하여 안출된 것으로, 본 발명의 목적은 상술한 컨버터의 작용점 변화 대처 능력이 떨어지는 PI 제어기법과 채터링 현상이 발생하게 되는 문제를 해결하는 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 PWM제어 시스템을 제공함에 있다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is a bidirectional DC / DC converter PWM control that solves a problem in which a PI controller method and a chattering phenomenon are inferior in the ability to cope with a change in the operating point of the converter. In providing a system.

또한, 본 발명의 다른 목적은 시간이 증가할수록 오류 상태(error state)를 줄이는 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 PWM제어 시스템을 제공함에 있다.Another object of the present invention is to provide a bidirectional DC / DC converter PWM control system which reduces an error state as time increases.

그리고 작용점에 구애받지 않는 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 제어가 가능한 시스템을 제공함에도 있다.It also provides a system that can control bidirectional DC / DC converters regardless of the point of action.

본 발명은 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 PWM제어 시스템에 있어서, 배터리 전원에 연결되어 제1 및 제2 스위치(Q1,Q2)로 이루어진 전원회로부와, 인덕터(L)와 출력필터 커패시터(C)로 이루어진 필터부를 포함하는 양방향 벅-부스트 컨버터(100); 및 상기 제1 및 제2 스위치에 연결되어 PWM 듀티비 제어신호를 전달하는 DEC컨트롤러(200);를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.The present invention provides a bidirectional DC / DC converter PWM control system, comprising: a power supply circuit unit connected to a battery power source, the first and second switches Q1 and Q2, and an inductor L and an output filter capacitor C. A bidirectional buck-boost converter 100 comprising a portion; And a DEC controller 200 connected to the first and second switches to transfer the PWM duty ratio control signal.

상기와 같은 본 발명에 따르면, 시간이 증가할수록 오류 상태(error state)를 줄이는 효과가 있다.According to the present invention as described above, as time increases, there is an effect of reducing the error state (error state).

그리고 작용점에 구애받지 않는 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 제어가 가능한 효과가 있다.In addition, it is possible to control the bidirectional DC / DC converter regardless of the working point.

도 1은 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 PWM제어 시스템에 관한 전체회로도.
도 2는 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 PWM제어 시스템의 출력도.
1 is an overall circuit diagram of a bidirectional DC / DC converter PWM control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is an output diagram of a bidirectional DC / DC converter PWM control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

본 발명은 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 PWM제어 시스템에 있어서, 배터리 전원에 연결되어 제1 및 제2 스위치(Q1,Q2)로 이루어진 전원회로부와, 인덕터(L)와 출력필터 커패시터(C)로 이루어진 필터부를 포함하는 양방향 벅-부스트 컨버터(100); 및 상기 제1 및 제2 스위치에 연결되어 PWM 듀티비 제어신호를 전달하는 DEC컨트롤러(200);를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.The present invention provides a bidirectional DC / DC converter PWM control system, comprising: a power supply circuit unit connected to a battery power source, the first and second switches Q1 and Q2, and an inductor L and an output filter capacitor C. A bidirectional buck-boost converter 100 comprising a portion; And a DEC controller 200 connected to the first and second switches to transfer the PWM duty ratio control signal.

바람직하게 상기 양방향 벅-부스트 컨버터(100)는, 출력 리플이 2% 미만인 것을 특징으로 한다.Preferably, the bidirectional buck-boost converter 100 is characterized in that the output ripple is less than 2%.

또한 바람직하게 상기 DEC 컨트롤러(200)는, 시간이 증가함에 따라 오류(error stage)가 제로로 가도록 지정된 경로(path)함수[수식 1]에 따라 오류 상태(error state)를 줄이는 것을 특징으로 한다.Also preferably, the DEC controller 200 may reduce an error state according to a path function (Equation 1) designated so that an error stage goes to zero as time increases.

[수식 1][Equation 1]

Figure pat00001
Figure pat00001

여기서, Y는 경로이고, C는 Y의 초기값(initial value)이고, m은 Y의 초기 감소율에 일정한 비례상수(proportional constant).Where Y is the path, C is the initial value of Y, and m is a proportional constant constant for the initial rate of decrease of Y.

그리고 바람직하게 상기 DEC 컨트롤러(200)는, 상기 PWM 듀티비 제어신호의 듀티 주기(d)가 [수식 5]를 통해 제어되는 것을 특징으로 한다.And preferably, the DEC controller 200 is characterized in that the duty period (d) of the PWM duty ratio control signal is controlled through [Equation 5].

[수식 5][Equation 5]

Figure pat00002
Figure pat00002

여기서, k는 포지티브 계수(positive coefficient), V_err은 오류전압, V_err=V_ref-V_0, m은 경로 Y의 초기 감소율에 일정한 비례상수, V_batt는 입력 전압, i_L은 인덕터 전류, V_0은 출력 전압, d는 듀티 주기(duty cycle), L은 인덕터 인덕턴스.Where k is a positive coefficient, V_err is an error voltage, V_err = V_ref-V_0, m is a constant proportional to the initial reduction rate of path Y, V_batt is the input voltage, i_L is the inductor current, V_0 is the output voltage, d Is the duty cycle, L is the inductor inductance.

이하, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시 예를 첨부한 도면에 의하여 상세하게 설명한다.Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

이에 앞서, 본 명세서 및 청구범위에 사용된 용어나 단어는 통상적이거나 사전적인 의미로 한정해서 해석되어서는 아니 되며, 발명자는 그 자신의 발명을 가장 최선의 방법으로 설명하기 위해 용어의 개념을 적절하게 정의할 수 있다는 원칙에 입각하여 본 발명의 기술적 사상에 부합하는 의미와 개념으로 해석되어야만 한다.Prior to this, terms or words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as being limited to the common or dictionary meanings, and the inventors should properly explain the concept of terms in order to best explain their own invention. Based on the principle that can be defined, it should be interpreted as meaning and concept corresponding to the technical idea of the present invention.

따라서, 본 명세서에 기재된 실시 예와 도면에 도시된 구성은 본 발명의 가장 바람직한 하나의 실시 예에 불과할 뿐이고, 본 발명의 기술적 사상을 모두 대변하는 것은 아니므로, 본 출원시점에 있어서 이들을 대체할 수 있는 다양한 균등물과 변형 예들이 있을 수 있음을 이해하여야 한다.Therefore, the embodiments described in the specification and the drawings shown in the drawings are only one of the most preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not represent all of the technical idea of the present invention, they can be replaced at the time of the present application It should be understood that there may be various equivalents and variations.

이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows.

본 실시예에 따른 연료전지는 환경 친화적이고, 높은 효율 전력원을 제공한다. 여기서, 양자 교환막 연료전지(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell; PEMFC)는 고밀도, 무공해, 낮은 동작온도, 빠른 활동 시작의 능력과 긴 생명시간(life time)에 의한 하이브리드 차량들의 유망한 후보 중 하나로 여겨진다.The fuel cell according to the present embodiment is environmentally friendly and provides a high efficiency power source. Here, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is considered to be one of the promising candidates of hybrid vehicles due to its high density, pollution-free, low operating temperature, ability to start fast activity and long life time.

본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터(100)를 설명하면, 다음과 같다.Referring to the bidirectional DC / DC converter 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, as follows.

DC 링크 전압이 400 V를 가지고, 일정한 상태로 있는 동안 연료 전지는 240 V 전압을 가진다. 그러므로, 연료 전지 전압은 부스트 컨버터를 통해 늘려야 한다. 배터리는 양방향 컨버터를 통하여 DC링크에 연결된다. 요구사항 로드 조건 동안, 전지는 여분의 전력을 DC링크에 추가하기 위해 내리게 되고, 양방향 컨버터는 부스트 컨버터의 역할을 할 것이다. 연료 전지에 의해 생성된 파워가 로드로부터 필요한 파워보다 클 때, 컨버터는 벅 컨버터(buck converter)의 역할을 할 수 있고, 배터리를 충전시킬 수 있다.The fuel cell has a 240 V voltage while the DC link voltage is 400 V and remains constant. Therefore, the fuel cell voltage must be increased through the boost converter. The battery is connected to the DC link through a bidirectional converter. During the requirements load condition, the battery will be pulled down to add extra power to the DC link, and the bidirectional converter will act as a boost converter. When the power generated by the fuel cell is greater than the power required from the load, the converter can act as a buck converter and charge the battery.

여기서, 배터리는 200 V 전압과 60 Ah의 용량을 가진다고 가정하게 된다. 배터리를 포함하여 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 PWM제어 시스템은 도 1에 나타난 바와 같다.Here, it is assumed that the battery has a voltage of 200 V and a capacity of 60 Ah. The bidirectional DC / DC converter PWM control system including the battery is shown in FIG. 1.

본 실시예에 따른 DEC(Dynamic Evolution Control)컨트롤러(200)는, 양방향 컨버터를 위해 정확한 듀티 주기제어를 달성하는데 이용된다. 이러한 DEC컨트롤러는 시간이 증가함에 따라 오류(error stage)가 제로로 가도록 지정된 경로(path)를 따라갈 것을 강요하여 오류 상태를 줄이는데 있다. 이 선택된 경로(에러 path Y or 오류 path Y)는 지수함수로, 다음과 같이 표현된다.The DEC (Dynamic Evolution Control) controller 200 according to the present embodiment is used to achieve accurate duty cycle control for the bidirectional converter. These DEC controllers are designed to reduce error conditions by forcing them to follow a specified path so that the error stage goes to zero as time increases. This selected path (error path Y or error path Y) is an exponential function, expressed as

[수식 1][Equation 1]

Figure pat00003
Figure pat00003

여기서, Y는 경로이고, C는 Y의 초기값(initial value)이고, m은 경로 Y의 초기 감소율에 일정한 비례상수(proportional constant)이다. 이 표현과 더불어, Y는 시간함수가 제로로 지수적으로 감소한다. 만일 Y가 컨버터의 오류 상태함수를 대표하면, 시간이 지남에 따라 오류는 제로로 갈 것이다.Where Y is the path, C is the initial value of Y, and m is a proportional constant constant to the initial rate of decrease of path Y. With this expression, Y decreases exponentially with time function zero. If Y represents the error state function of the converter, over time the error will go to zero.

PWM 스위치(Samosir AH, Yatim AHM. Implementation of dynamic evolution control of bidirectional DC-DC converter for interfacing ultracapacitor energy storage to fuel cell systems. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics 2010: in press.)의 평균 모델에 의거하여, 가동의 부스트 모드의 동적인 방정식은 다음과 같이 나타난다.According to the average model of the PWM switch (Samosir AH, Yatim AHM. Implementation of dynamic evolution control of bidirectional DC-DC converter for interfacing ultracapacitor energy storage to fuel cell systems.IEEE Trans.Industrial Electronics 2010: in press.) The dynamic equation of boost mode is expressed as follows.

[수식 2][Equation 2]

Figure pat00004
Figure pat00004

여기서, V_batt는 입력 전압이고, i_L이 인덕터 전류이며, V_0은 출력 전압이고, d는 듀티 주기(duty cycle)이며, L은 인덕터 인덕턴스이다. 다음의 상태 오류 함수(Y)에 의해 DEC 컨트롤러의 통합이 시작된다.Where V_batt is the input voltage, i_L is the inductor current, V_0 is the output voltage, d is the duty cycle, and L is the inductor inductance. Integration of the DEC controller is initiated by the following status error function (Y).

[수식 3][Equation 3]

Figure pat00005
Figure pat00005

여기서, k는 포지티브 계수이고, V_err은 오류전압, V_err=V_ref-V_0이다. 두 방정식을 이용하면 다음의 수학식에 도달한다.Where k is a positive coefficient and V_err is an error voltage, V_err = V_ref-V_0. Using both equations, we get

[수식 4][Equation 4]

Figure pat00006
Figure pat00006

여기서, 윗 수학식에서 V_ref는 원하는 출력 전압이다.Where V_ref is the desired output voltage.

상기 방정식을 재배치하고, d로 풀어보면, 듀티 주기(duty cycle) d는 다음과 같은 수학식으로 나타난다.Rearranging the equation and solving with d, the duty cycle d is represented by the following equation.

[수식 5][Equation 5]

Figure pat00007
Figure pat00007

듀티 주기 d의 표현은 컨버터의 제어를 위한 컨트롤 동작이다.The representation of duty period d is the control operation for the control of the converter.

본 실시예에 따른 DEC컨트롤러를 이용한 양방향 컨버터의 출력은 도 2에 도시된 바와 같이 나타나고, 출력단에서 부하의 변화가 있더라도 VOUT이 15V로 리플없이 출력되며 전류 iL도 리플이 거의 없이 출력되어짐을 알 수 있다. 즉, 작용점에 구애받지 않는 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 제어가 가능한 효과가 있다.The output of the bidirectional converter using the DEC controller according to the present embodiment is shown as shown in Figure 2, it can be seen that even if there is a load change in the output terminal, VOUT is outputted to 15V without ripple and the current iL is output with little ripple. have. That is, the bidirectional DC / DC converter control can be controlled regardless of the operating point.

이상과 같이, 본 발명은 비록 한정된 실시 예와 도면에 의해 설명되었으나, 본 발명은 이것에 의해 한정되지 않으며, 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에 의해 본 발명의 기술 사상과 아래에 기재될 청구범위의 균등 범위 내에서 다양한 수정 및 변형이 가능함은 물론이다.As described above, although the present invention has been described by way of limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the technical idea of the present invention and the following by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Of course, various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of equivalents of the claims to be described.

100 : 양방향 벅-부스트 컨버터 200 : DEC컨트롤러100: bidirectional buck-boost converter 200: DEC controller

Claims (4)

양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 PWM제어 시스템에 있어서,
배터리 전원에 연결되어 제1 및 제2 스위치(Q1,Q2)로 이루어진 전원회로부와, 인덕터(L)와 출력필터 커패시터(C)로 이루어진 필터부를 포함하는 양방향 벅-부스트 컨버터(100); 및
상기 제1 및 제2 스위치에 연결되어 PWM 듀티비 제어신호를 전달하는 DEC컨트롤러(200);를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 PWM제어 시스템.
In the bidirectional DC / DC converter PWM control system,
A bidirectional buck-boost converter 100 connected to a battery power source and including a power supply circuit part including first and second switches Q1 and Q2 and a filter part including an inductor L and an output filter capacitor C; And
And a DEC controller (200) connected to the first and second switches to transfer a PWM duty ratio control signal.
제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 양방향 벅-부스트 컨버터(100)는,
출력 리플이 2% 미만인 것을 특징으로 하는 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 PWM제어 시스템.
The method of claim 1,
The bidirectional buck-boost converter 100,
Bidirectional DC / DC converter PWM control system, characterized in that the output ripple is less than 2%.
제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 DEC 컨트롤러(200)는,
시간이 증가함에 따라 오류(error stage)가 제로로 가도록 지정된 경로(path)함수[수식 1]에 따라 오류 상태(error state)를 줄이는 것을 특징으로 하는 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 PWM제어 시스템.
[수식 1]
Figure pat00008

여기서, Y는 경로이고, C는 Y의 초기값(initial value)이고, m은 Y의 초기 감소율에 일정한 비례상수(proportional constant).
The method of claim 1,
The DEC controller 200,
A bidirectional DC / DC converter PWM control system characterized by reducing an error state according to a path function [Equation 1] specified such that an error stage goes to zero as time increases.
[Equation 1]
Figure pat00008

Where Y is the path, C is the initial value of Y, and m is a proportional constant constant for the initial rate of decrease of Y.
제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 DEC 컨트롤러(200)는,
상기 PWM 듀티비 제어신호의 듀티 주기(d)가 [수식 5]를 통해 제어되는 것을 특징으로 하는 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터 PWM제어 시스템.
[수식 5]
Figure pat00009

여기서, k는 포지티브 계수(positive coefficient), V_err은 오류전압, V_err=V_ref-V_0, m은 경로 Y의 초기 감소율에 일정한 비례상수, V_batt는 입력 전압, i_L은 인덕터 전류, V_0은 출력 전압, d는 듀티 주기(duty cycle), L은 인덕터 인덕턴스.
The method of claim 1,
The DEC controller 200,
The duty cycle (d) of the PWM duty ratio control signal is controlled via [Equation 5] bidirectional DC / DC converter PWM control system.
[Equation 5]
Figure pat00009

Where k is a positive coefficient, V_err is an error voltage, V_err = V_ref-V_0, m is a constant proportional to the initial decay rate of path Y, V_batt is the input voltage, i_L is the inductor current, V_0 is the output voltage, d Is the duty cycle, L is the inductor inductance.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2552520C2 (en) * 2013-08-08 2015-06-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Брянский государственный технический университет" System of control of nonlinear dynamics of direct step-down voltage converter
KR20180092990A (en) * 2015-11-16 2018-08-20 시러스 로직 인터내셔널 세미컨덕터 리미티드 Multiple Input / Multiple Output Switching Converter
KR20210117367A (en) 2020-03-18 2021-09-29 (재)대구기계부품연구원 Battery voltage stabilization system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2552520C2 (en) * 2013-08-08 2015-06-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Брянский государственный технический университет" System of control of nonlinear dynamics of direct step-down voltage converter
KR20180092990A (en) * 2015-11-16 2018-08-20 시러스 로직 인터내셔널 세미컨덕터 리미티드 Multiple Input / Multiple Output Switching Converter
KR20210117367A (en) 2020-03-18 2021-09-29 (재)대구기계부품연구원 Battery voltage stabilization system

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