Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing and using the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
In the specification of the present invention, it should be noted that like reference numerals refer to like parts or components. Also, while numerical limitations are set forth herein, it should be noted that such limitations are exemplary limitations unless the scope of the claims is limited.
A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. 1 is a block diagram of a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a structure of a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and structures of two subpixels 190h and 190l constituting one pixel PX. As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal panel assembly 300, a gate driver 400, a data driver 500, and a signal controller 600. And a gray voltage generator 800.
The signal controller 600 includes image signals R, G, and B inputted from a host, a data enable signal DE, horizontal and vertical synchronization signals Hsync, Vsync, and a clock signal MCLK. Receive control signals. The signal controller 600 outputs the data control signals CONT2 and the image data signal DAT to the data driver 500, and outputs the gate control signals CONT1 for selecting the gate lines to the gate driver 400. do. Meanwhile, the signal controller 600 may output light source control signals to a light source generator (not shown) to adjust the light source.
The gray voltage generator 800 generates an entire gray voltage or a limited number of gray voltages (hereinafter, referred to as a “reference gray voltage”) supplied to the pixel PX and outputs the same to the data driver 500. The reference gray voltage has a voltage different in polarity with respect to the common voltage Vcom.
The data driver 500 receives the reference gray voltage from the gray voltage generator 800 and receives the gray voltages in response to the control signals CONT2 and the image data signals from the signal controller 800. 1 -D m ) When the gray voltage generator 800 provides only a limited number of reference gray voltages, the data driver 500 may divide the reference gray voltages to generate a greater number of fine gray voltages. The data driver 500 performs inversion driving to alternately supply voltages having the same difference but different polarities with respect to the common voltage Vcom when the gray voltages are supplied to the data lines D 1 -D m . The inversion driving method includes a frame inversion in which the polarities of the data voltages are supplied differently according to a frame, and a column inversion in which the data voltage polarities flowing to adjacent data lines D1 through Dm are differently supplied within one frame. A point inversion in which data voltages are supplied with different voltage polarities of adjacent pixels PX, and two pixels PX adjacent to the same data line 171 have the same polarity and 1 adjacent to the two same polarity pixels PX. Pixels PX are inverted by 2 + 1 to which data voltages are supplied such that different polarities are repeated.
The gate driver 400 sequentially outputs gate signals to the plurality of gate lines G 1 -G n in response to the gate control signal CONT1. The gate signal has a gate on voltage Von for turning on the thin film transistors connected to the selected gate line and a gate off voltage Voff for turning off the thin film transistors connected to the unselected gates.
The liquid crystal panel assembly 300 includes a lower panel 100, an upper panel 200 facing the lower panel 100, and a liquid crystal layer 3 interposed therebetween. The lower panel 100 includes pixels PX arranged in a matrix of rows and columns, a plurality of gate lines G 1 to G n 121 connected to pixels PX in the same rows, and the same. The pixels PX in the columns each have a plurality of data lines D 1 to D m 171 connected to each other. FIG. 2 is a schematic structure of one pixel PX of the plurality of pixels PX shown in FIG. 1. One pixel PX is divided into a pair of spaced apart first subpixels 190h and a second subpixel 190l. A first subpixel electrode 191h and a second subpixel electrode 191l are formed in regions of the first subpixel 190h and the second subpixel 190l, respectively. Each subpixel 190h and 190l has liquid crystal capacitors Clch and Clcl and sustain capacitors Csth and Cstl, respectively. Each of the liquid crystal capacitors Clch and Clcl is formed between one terminal of each of the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l formed in the lower panel 100 and one terminal of the common electrode 270 formed in the upper panel 200. It is formed by the liquid crystal layer 3. In another embodiment of the present invention, each of the subpixels 190h and 190l may be connected to each of the thin film transistors connected to different data lines D 1 -D m .
The common electrode 270 is formed on the front surface of the upper panel 200 and is supplied with the common voltage Vcom. Unlike this, the common electrode 270 and the pixel electrode 191 may be formed on the lower panel 100, and may have a linear or bar shape according to the shape of the pixel electrode 191.
The liquid crystal layer 3 is filled in a sealing material (not shown) formed between the lower and upper display panels 100 and 200. The liquid crystal layer 3 functions as a dielectric. The encapsulant is formed on either the lower panel 100 or the upper panel 200, and couples the two panels 100 and 200. The lower and upper display panels 100 and 200 may maintain a cell spacing of about 2.0 μm to 5.0 μm by the spacer 250 or the sealant (not shown), more preferably, as shown in FIG. 4A. Maintain cell spacing of 3.3um ~ 3.7um. In another embodiment of the present invention, the spacer may be formed on the thin film transistor because the region where the thin film transistor is formed is small and wide.
The polarizers (not shown) may be disposed on the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 so that the polarization axis or the transmission axis of the polarizer is substantially perpendicular to each other. That is, the polarizers may be formed above or below the upper panel 200 and above or below the lower panel 100. Alternatively, the polarizer may be formed only on the upper or lower portion of one of the upper panel 200 and the lower panel 100. In one embodiment of the present invention, in order to reduce diffraction of external light, the refractive index of the polarizer may be about 1.5, and the haze value may be about 2% to 5%. The refractive index values of the polarizers and the refractive index values of other materials to be described below are measured at a light source having a wavelength of about 550 nm to 580 nm.
The liquid crystal display is manufactured by connecting the driving devices 400, 500, 600, and 800 to the liquid crystal panel assembly 300. The driving devices 400, 500, 600, and 800 are formed on one integrated circuit chip and mounted directly on the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 or mounted on a flexible printed circuit film (not shown). By attaching to the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 in the form of a tape carrier package (TCP), or mounted on a separate printed circuit board (not shown) it may be connected to the liquid crystal panel assembly 300. Alternatively, these driving devices 400, 500, 600, 800 when forming the signal lines G 1 -Gn, D 1 -Dm and the thin film transistors Qh, Ql, Qc (shown in FIG. 3) are formed. Each or combination thereof may be formed in the liquid crystal panel assembly 300.
Hereinafter, the principle of image display of the liquid crystal display device will be briefly described. When the data voltage is supplied to the pixel electrode of each pixel PX of the liquid crystal display device, the voltage charged in each pixel PX is applied to the liquid crystal layer 3 by the voltage difference between the pixel electrode and the common electrode 270. Creates an electric field. Due to the electric field formed in the liquid crystal layer 3, the liquid crystal molecules 31 of the liquid crystal layer move inclined or directional. As such, the light passing through the liquid crystal layer 3 has a phase retardation according to the slope or direction of the liquid crystal molecules 31. Depending on the phase difference according to the phase retardation of the light, the light is transmitted to or absorbed by the polarizer. Accordingly, when the data voltage supplied to the pixel electrode 191 is adjusted, a difference in transmittance of light with respect to the primary color may occur, and as a result, the liquid crystal display may display an image. The primary colors are colors selected from red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow and white. According to one embodiment of the invention, the primary color may be composed of red, green and blue. In contrast, in order to improve image quality, four or more colors having red, green, blue, and orange colors may be configured as primary colors.
Upper panel of LCD panel assembly
Hereinafter, the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5A and 5B. 3 is a layout view of pixels constituting the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4a-4a 'of the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 shown in FIG. 3. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4b-4b 'of the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. 4C is taken along line 4c-4c' of the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 shown in FIG. 5A is an enlarged view of a central portion A5 of the second subpixel electrode illustrated in FIG. 3, and FIG. 5B is an enlarged plan view of the pixel electrode as another example of the pixel electrode illustrated in FIG. 3. .
The liquid crystal panel assembly 300 includes a lower panel 100, an upper panel 200, a liquid crystal layer 3, and a polarizer. First, the upper panel 200 will be described in detail. The upper panel 200 includes a light blocking member 220, an overcoat 225, a common electrode 270, and an upper alignment layer 292 formed on the upper substrate 210.
A light blocking member 220 is formed on the upper substrate 210 of glass or plastic material. The upper substrate 210 has a thickness of about 0.2 mm to 0.7 mm. The refractive index of the upper substrate 210 may be about 1.0 to 2.5, more preferably about 1.5. The light blocking member 220 is also called a black matrix, and may be made of a metal such as chromium oxide (CrOx) or an opaque organic film material. The thickness of the light blocking member of the metal and the organic film is about 300 kPa to 2000 kPa and about 2um to 5um, respectively. The light blocking member 220 has a plurality of openings that are substantially similar to the shape of the pixel PX such that light passes through the pixel PX. In addition, the light blocking member 220 is formed between the pixels PX to prevent light leakage between the pixels PX. In addition, the light blocking member 220 may be formed in a portion corresponding to the gate line 121 and the data line 171 formed on the lower panel 100 and a portion corresponding to the thin film transistors Qh, Ql, and Qc. In another embodiment of the present invention, the light blocking member 220 includes a gate line 121, a data line 171, and a thin film transistor in order to simplify the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal panel assembly and to improve the transmittance of the liquid crystal display. It may be formed on the formed lower panel 100.
An overcoat 225 is formed on the light blocking member 220. The overcoat 225 may planarize a lower layer curved surface of the light blocking member 220 or the like, or prevent elution of impurities from the lower layer. The thickness of the overcoat 225 is about 1 um to 3 um, and more preferably about 1.2 um to 1.5 um. The refractive index of the overcoat 225 may be about 1.5 to 2.5, more preferably about 1.8. In another embodiment, when the light blocking member 220 is formed on the lower panel 100, the overcoat 225 may be formed on the light blocking member 220 of the lower panel 100 without being formed on the upper panel.
The common electrode 270 having no plurality of slits (cuts) is formed on the overcoat 225. The common electrode 270 may be formed of the same material as the transparent conductors such as ITO and IZO or the pixel electrodes 191. The thickness of the common electrode 270 is about 500 mW to 2000 mW, and more preferably about 1200 mW to 1500 mW. The thickness of the common electrode 270 made of IZO and ITO for maximizing transmittance of the liquid crystal display device may be about 1200 Å to 1500 Å and about 500 Å to 1500 Å, respectively. In addition, the refractive index of the common electrode made of IZO and ITO may be about 1.5 to 2.5 and about 1.5 to 2.3 to reduce diffraction of external light. In another embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of slits (cutouts) for forming more fringe electric fields may be formed in the common electrode 270.
An upper alignment layer 292 is formed on the common electrode 270 to maintain the liquid crystal molecules 31 in a specific arrangement. The top plate alignment film 292 is formed by applying a fluid organic substance having an orientation by inkjet or roll printing and then curing by thermally or by a light source such as infrared rays or ultraviolet rays. The upper alignment layer 292 may include the upper main locating layer 34 and may further include an upper photocuring layer 36. The main alignment layer 34 may be a vertical alignment material that orients the liquid crystal molecules 31 substantially perpendicular to the lower or upper substrates 110 and 210 or the main alignment layer 34. The thickness of the main alignment film 34 is about 500 kPa to 1500 kPa, and more preferably about 700 kPa to 1000 kPa. The refractive index of the main alignment layer 34 to improve the transmittance of the liquid crystal display may be about 1.6. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the main alignment layer 34 may be a film of a material generally used in VA (vertical alignment) mode or twisted nematic (TN) mode. The photocuring layer 36 is formed of a material that is cured by light such that the liquid crystal molecules 31 have a pre-tilt angle with respect to the lower or upper substrates 110 and 210 or the main alignment layer 34. The material constituting the photocurable layer 36 may be a photocuring agent, a reactive mesogen (RM), a photoreactive polymer, a photopolymerization material, or a photoisomerization material. The top alignment layer 292 may be a polyimide compound, a polyamic acid compound, a polysiloxane compound, a polyvinyl cinnamate compound, a polyacrylate compound, a polymethyl methacrylate compound, a photocuring agent, or a reactive mesogen (RM). It may be a film made of at least one material selected from a photo-reactive polymer, a photopolymerizable material and a photoisomerized material, and mixtures thereof. The reactive mesogen (RM) can be an acrylate, methacrylate, epoxy, oxetane, vinyl-ether, styrene or thioene group. Photo-reactive polymers include azo-based compounds, cinnamate-based compounds, chalcone-based compounds, and coumarin-based compounds. Or a maleimide-based compound. The photopolymerizable material may be chalcone or cumarlne. The photoisomerization material may be azo or double tolane.
The top alignment layer 292 includes benzyl dimethyl ketal (Irgacure-651, Ciba, Switzerland), alpha-amino acetophenone (Irgacure-907, Ciba, Switzerland), 1-hydroxy cyclohexyl It may be a membrane that may further include a photoinitiator consisting of at least one material selected from phenyl ketone (1-hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl keton, Irgacure-184, Ciba, Switzerland) and mixtures thereof.
The material constituting the top alignment layer 292 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be a mixture of any one of a photo-reactive polymer, a reactive mesogen (RM), and a polyimide-based polymer. have. Alternatively, the upper alignment layer 292 may be formed of the main alignment layer 34 except for the photocured layer 36.
Reactive mesogens (RMs) according to one embodiment of the invention are disclosed. The reactive mesogen RM according to the present invention forms an alignment layer and is cured by light or heat to form photocuring layers 35 and 36 to be described later. The chemical structure of the reactive mesogen (RM) according to the present invention may be a photo-reactive dimetha acrylate-based monomolecule represented by the following structural formula XVI-R, and more specifically, the structural formula XVII- It may be a single molecule represented by R1, XVII-R2, XVII-R3, XVII-R4, XVII-R5 or XVII-R6.
Structural Formula XVI-R
Here, A, B, and C may each be one selected from a benzene ring, a cyclohexyl ring, and a naphthalene ring. The outer hydrogen atoms of each ring constituting A, B and C are not substituted, or at least one of these hydrogen atoms is substituted with an alkyl group, fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl) or methoxy group (OCH3). Can be. P1 and P2 may each be selected from acrylate, methacrylate, epoxy, oxetane, vinyl-ether, styrene, and thioene groups. Z1, Z2 and Z3 may each be a single bond, a linkage group or a combination of linkage groups. Single bond means that A, B and C are directly bonded without intermediates between A, B and C. The linkage group may be -OCO-, -COO-, an alkyl group, -O- or a linkage group that can be easily used by those skilled in the art.
Reactive mesogen (RM) according to an embodiment of the present invention may be more specifically a single molecule represented by the following structural formulas XVII-R1, XVII-R2, XVII-R3, XVII-R4, XVII-R5 or XVII-R6 have.
Structural Formula XVII-R1
Structural Formula XVII-R2
Structural Formula XVII-R3
Structural Formula XVII-R4
Structural Formula XVII-R5
Structural Formula XVII-R6
In order to evaluate the properties of the reactive mesogen (RM) according to the present invention, a liquid crystal display device was manufactured by applying the structural formula XVII-R6 reactive mesogen (RM) among the reactive mesogens (RM) described above. The LCD panel assembly was manufactured according to the SVA mode described below with reference to FIG. 6A. The structure of the pixel PX of the liquid crystal display device is substantially the same as that of FIG. 3. The cell spacing of the liquid crystal layer 3 was about 3.5 μm, and the illuminance of the ultraviolet ray applied to the fluorescent exposure process was about 0.15 mW / cm 2 . Table 3 shows the width of the fine branch 197 of the pixel electrode 191, the exposure voltage, the ultraviolet intensity of the electric field exposure process, and the time of the fluorescent exposure process.
Fine branches
Width (㎛)
Exposure voltage
(V)
Field exposure
(J / cm2)
Fluorescent exposure
Time (minutes)
Experimental Example 9
3
9.5
5
60
Experimental Example 10
3
9.5
7
60
Experimental Example 11
3
9.5
9
60
Experimental Example 12
5
9.5
7
80
Experimental Example 13
5
9.5
7
100
Experimental Example 14
5
9.5
7
120
Experimental Example 15
5
9.5
7
140
The operation of the liquid crystal display device manufactured as described above was operated by the charge sharing type 1G1D driving described below with reference to FIG. 11.
In all the experimental examples disclosed in Table 3, the black afterimage of the liquid crystal display device was about 2 levels, and the response speed between the gray levels was about 0.007 seconds to about 0.009 seconds. Accordingly, it can be seen that the structural formula XVII-R6 reactive mesogen (RM) exhibited good properties even when applied to a wide range of process conditions.
In the afterimage evaluation method, the check pattern screen is displayed on the liquid crystal display device for about 1 day or longer, and then changed to other screens, and the check pattern is observed to evaluate the level from 1 level to 5 levels. Level 1 is the level where no check pattern is observed from the side, Level 2 is the level where the check pattern is weakly observed from the side, Level 3 is the level where the check pattern is strongly observed from the side, and level 4 is weakly observed with the check pattern from the front Level 5 and level 5 are those at which the check pattern is strongly observed from the front. Black afterimage displays a check pattern screen, changes the black pattern, and then observes the check pattern. Afterimage displays the check pattern screen and changes the gray scale patterns to observe the check pattern.
Upper panel of LCD panel assembly
Hereinafter, the lower panel 100 will be described in detail. The lower panel 100 may include a gate layer conductor, a gate insulating layer 140, a linear semiconductor 154, and a linear ohmic contact member formed on the gate line 121, the step-down gate line 123, and the storage electrode line 125. 165, a data layer conductor 171, 173, 175, and 177c, a first passivation layer 181, a color filter 230, a second passivation layer 182, a pixel electrode 191, and a lower alignment layer 291. do.
A gate layer conductor including a plurality of gate lines 121, a plurality of step-down gate lines 123, and a plurality of storage electrode lines 125 is formed on the lower substrate 110 of glass or plastic material. The lower substrate 110 has a thickness of about 0.2 mm to 0.7 mm. The refractive index of the lower substrate 110 may be about 1.0 to 2.5, more preferably about 1.5. The gate line 121 and the step-down gate line 123 mainly extend in the horizontal direction and transmit a gate signal. The gate layer conductor may be formed of a material selected from Cr, Mo, Ti, Al, Cu, Ag, and mixtures thereof. The gate layer conductor according to another embodiment may have a double layer or triple layer structure. For example, the bilayer structure may be Al / Mo, Al / Ti, Al / Ta, Al / Ni, Al / TiNx, Al / Co, Cu / CuMn, Cu / Ti, Cu / TiN, or Cu / TiOx. have. Triple layer structure is Mo / Al / Mo, Ti / Al / Ti, Co / Al / Co, Ti / Al / Ti, TiNx / Al / Ti, CuMn / Cu / CuMn, Ti / Cu / Ti, TiNx / Cu / TiNx, or TiOx / Cu / TiOx. The gate line 121 includes a first gate electrode 124h and a second gate electrode 124l having a protruding shape. The step-down gate line 123 includes a third gate electrode 124c having a protruding shape. The first gate electrode 124h and the second gate electrode 124l are connected to each other to form one protrusion. The storage electrode line 125 extends in the horizontal and vertical directions to surround the peripheries of the first and second subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l and transmits a predetermined voltage, for example, a common voltage Vcom. Alternatively, the storage electrode line 125 may transmit predetermined swing voltages having two or more magnitudes. The storage electrode line 125 includes a plurality of storage electrode line vertical portions 128 extending substantially perpendicular to the gate line 121, the storage electrode line horizontal portion 127 and the storage electrode line connecting the ends of the storage electrode line vertical portions 128 to each other. The storage electrode line extension 126 protrudes from the horizontal portion 127.
A gate insulating layer 140 is formed on the gate layer conductor. The gate insulating layer 140 may be formed of an inorganic insulator, an organic insulator, or an organic or inorganic insulator. The inorganic insulator may be silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) or zirconia (ZrO 2 ). Organic insulators can be readily used by polysiloxane, phenylsiloxane, polyimide, silsesquioxane, silane, or those skilled in the art. It may be an organic insulating material. The organic-inorganic insulator may be a mixture of at least one material selected from each of the above-described inorganic and organic insulators. In particular, an organic-inorganic insulator composed of a polysiloxane (Poly Siloxane) organic insulating material and a polysiloxane (Poly Siloxane) has properties of high heat resistance, light transmittance and good adhesion to other layers at about 350 degrees Celsius or more. The thickness of the gate insulating layer 140 made of an inorganic insulator may be about 2000 kPa to 4000 kPa, more preferably about 3000 kPa. The thickness of the gate insulating layer 140 made of an organic insulator or an organic or inorganic insulator may be about 3000 kPa to 5000 kPa, more preferably about 4000 kPa. The refractive indices of silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), organic insulator, or organic-inorganic insulator constituting the gate insulating layer 140 to improve the transmittance of the liquid crystal display device are about 1.6 to 2.1, about 1.35 to 1.65, and about 1.4, respectively. -1.7 or about 1.4-1.9, more preferably about 1.85, about 1.5, about 1.55 or about 1.6, respectively. As the refractive index of the gate insulating layer 140 approaches the refractive index of the lower substrate, the transmittance of the liquid crystal display is improved.
A linear semiconductor 154 may be formed on the gate insulating layer 140, which may be made of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, crystalline silicon, an oxide semiconductor, or the like. The data line 171, the source electrode 173, and the drain electrode 175 substantially overlap the linear semiconductor 154. The first and second linear semiconductors 154h and 154l formed on the first and second gate electrodes 124h and 124l and the third linear semiconductor 154c are separately formed on the third gate electrode 124c. The thickness of the linear semiconductor 154 is about 1000 GPa to 2500 GPa, more preferably about 1700 GPa. The oxide semiconductor may be a compound having a chemical formula represented by A X B X O X or A X B X C X O X. A may be Zn or Cd, B may be Ga, Sn or In, C may be Zn, Cd, Ga, In, or Hf. X is not O and A, B, and C are different from each other. According to another embodiment, it may be selected from the group consisting of InZnO, InGaO, InSnO, ZnSnO, GaSnO, GaZnO, GaZnSnO, GaInZnO, HfInZnO, HfZnSnO and ZnO. Such an oxide semiconductor has an effective mobility of about 2 to 100 times higher than that of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, thereby improving the charging speed of the pixel electrode 191.
A linear ohmic contact 165 is formed over the linear semiconductor 154. The thickness of the linear ohmic contact 165 is about 200 kPa to 500 kPa. First, second and third linear ohmic contacts 165h, 165l and 165c (not shown) are formed on the first, second and third linear semiconductors 154h and 154l, and are formed on the channels. It is not.
The data line 171, the first source electrode 173h, the first drain electrode 175h, the second source electrode 173l, the second drain electrode 175l, on the linear ohmic contact 165. The data layer conductor serving as the third source electrode 173c and the third drain electrode 175c is formed. The data layer conductor may be formed of the same material as the gate layer conductor material described above. In order to improve the charge rate of the pixel electrode 191 and reduce the propagation delay of the data voltage, the data layer conductor may be formed of a low resistance single layer metal or a double or triple layer of at least one layer metal. When the linear semiconductor 154 is formed of an oxide semiconductor material, the data layer conductor may be formed directly on the linear semiconductor 154 without forming the linear ohmic contact 165.
The data line 171 crosses the gate line 121 or the step-down gate line 123 through the gate insulating layer 140. The data line 171 is connected to the first source electrode 173h having a cup or U shape and the second source electrode 173l having a hat or U shape. End portions of the first drain electrode 175h and the second drain electrode 175l are partially surrounded by the first source electrode 173h and the second source electrode 173l, respectively. The other end portion of the second drain electrode 175l extends at an end partially surrounded by the second source electrode 173l and is connected to the third source electrode 173c having a 'U' shape. One end of the third drain electrode 175c is partially surrounded by the third source electrode 173c, and the other end 177c overlaps over the sustain electrode line extension 126, whereby a step-down capacitor ( Cstd) is formed. First, second and third gate electrodes 124h, 124l and 124c, first, second and third source electrodes 173h, 173l and 173c and first, second and third drain electrodes ( 175h, 175l, and 175c are the first, second, and third thin film transistors thin for operating one pixel PX together with the first, second, and third linear semiconductors 154h, 154l, and 154c. film transistor, TFT) (Qh, Ql, Qc). The channel layer through which charge moves during the operation of the thin film transistors Qh, Ql, and Qc includes linear semiconductors between the source electrodes 173h, 173l, and 173c and the drain electrodes 175h, 175l, and 175c. 154h, 154l, and 154c) layers. When the linear semiconductors 154h, 154l, and 154c and the data layer conductor are etched using the same mask, except for the channel region, the data layer conductor is formed under the linear semiconductor 154 and the linear resistivity. It may have a pattern substantially the same as the contact members (161, 165h). However, according to an etching technique, the film of the linear semiconductor 154 may have elongated exposed portions not covered by the data layer conductor at a predetermined distance of about 3 μm or less from both sidewalls of the data layer conductor.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the first or second drain electrode 175h, 175l connected to the contact holes 185h, 185l in the channel is formed in a direction substantially the same as that of the fine branches. The texture is reduced in the pixel area, thereby increasing the luminance of the liquid crystal display.
The first passivation layer 181 is formed on the data layer conductor. The first passivation layer 181 may be formed of the above-described inorganic insulator, organic insulator, or organic / inorganic insulator, which may be constituted by the gate insulating layer 140. The thickness of the first passivation layer 181 made of an inorganic insulator may be about 300 to about 2000 kPa, more preferably about 500 kPa. The thickness of the first passivation layer 181 formed of an organic insulator or an organic / inorganic insulator may be about 25000 mm to 35000 mm. The refractive indices of silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), organic insulator, or organic-inorganic insulator constituting the first passivation layer 181 to improve the transmittance of the liquid crystal display device are about 1.6 to 2.1, about 1.35 to 1.65, and about 1.5-1.9 or about 1.5-1.9, more preferably about 1.85, about 1.5, about 1.7-1.8 or about 1.6, respectively. The color filter 230 is formed on the first passivation layer 181. The color filter is formed in the pixel PX area where light is not shielded. The thickness of the color filter 230 is about 1.5um to 3um. The refractive index of the color filter 230 may be about 1.3 to 2.2, more preferably about 1.6. The color filters 230 formed in each pixel PX may be formed of basic colors, for example, red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, and white. It may be one of the. Three primary colors such as red, green and blue or cyne, magenta and yellow can be composed of the colors of the basic pixel group PS for the formation of the pixels PX. have. The basic pixel group PS is a minimum set of pixels PX that can represent an image. In another embodiment, the basic pixel group PS may be formed of pixels PXs each having four or more basic colors. As an example, three basic colors including red, green, and blue and four basic colors including any one of cyne, magenta, yellow, and white are the basic pixel groups. (PS) can be selected as the color. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the basic colors constituting the basic pixel group PS can be variously selected in order to improve the image quality of the liquid crystal display device. The color filter 230 may be formed in most regions except for the color filter holes 233h and 233l where the contact hole 185 is located. On the contrary, the color filter 230 may not be formed where the thin film transistors Qh, Ql, and Qc are located in order to facilitate defect detection of the thin film transistors Qh, Ql, and Qc. A color filter 230 of the same color may be elongated in the vertical direction along the neighboring data lines 171. The color filter 230 according to another embodiment of the present invention may be formed between the light blocking member 220 and the overcoat 225 formed on the upper panel 200.
The second passivation layer 182 is formed on the color filter 230 or the first passivation layer 181. The second passivation layer 182 may be formed of the above-described inorganic insulator, organic insulator, or organic / inorganic insulator, which may be constituted by the gate insulating layer 140. The thickness of the second passivation layer 182 made of an inorganic insulator may be about 300 kPa to 1500 kPa, and more preferably about 400 kPa to 900 kPa. The thickness of the second passivation layer 182 formed of an organic insulator or an organic or inorganic insulator may be about 25000 kPa to 35000 kPa. The refractive indices of silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), organic insulator, or organic-inorganic insulator constituting the second passivation layer 182 to improve the transmittance of the liquid crystal display device are about 1.6 to 2.1, about 1.35 to 1.65, and about 1.5-1.9 or about 1.4-1.9. As the refractive index of the second passivation layer 182 approaches the refractive index of the pixel electrode 191, the transmittance of the liquid crystal display is improved. The second passivation layer 182 prevents lifting of the color filter 230 and suppresses elution of organic substances such as solvents from the color filter 230. Therefore, contamination of the liquid crystal layer 3 is prevented, whereby the afterimage of the liquid crystal display device is improved. In addition, the second passivation layer 182 formed directly on the first passivation layer 181 may be formed relatively thick to serve as a planarizer. Contact holes 185h and 185l exposing end portions of the first drain electrode 175h and the second drain electrode 175l are formed at the contact portions of the first passivation layer 181 and the second passivation layer 182, respectively. do. The width of the contact holes 185h and 185l may be smaller than the width of the color filter holes 233h and 233l.
The pixel electrode 191 is formed on the second passivation layer 182. The thickness of the pixel electrode 191 may be about 300 mW to 700 mW, more preferably about 550 mW. The pixel electrode 191 includes a first subpixel electrode 191h formed in the first subpixel 190h and a second subpixel electrode 191l formed in the second subpixel 190l. The pixel electrode 191 may be formed of a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium tin oxide (IZO). The refractive index of the pixel electrode 191 may be about 1.5 to 2.5, and the refractive indices of IZO and ITO may be about 1.8 to 2.3 and about 1.7 to 2.0, respectively. In one embodiment of the present invention, the pixel electrode made of ITO material may be formed to a thickness of about 400 kHz to reduce diffraction of external light. In addition, a material having a refractive index similar to that of the fine branch electrode or the main alignment layer 33 may be further formed between the fine branches 197, that is, the regions of the fine slits 199. May be a micro branch electrodes 197 or the main alignment layer material has a refractive index similar to the (33) is TiO 2, PPV (polyphenylenevinylene) or PI-TiO 2 (polyfluorinated polyimides TiO 2). In order to reduce external light diffracted or reflected from the surface of the pixel electrode 191, a pixel process is performed on the surface of the pixel electrode 191 using Ar, H 2 , O 2 , He, or Cl 2 gas. The roughness of the surface 191 may be increased. The first and second subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l may include the first and second pixel electrode contact portions 192h and 192l, the trough shaped stem portions 195h and 195l, and the respective subpixel electrodes 191h and It consists of vertical connecting parts 193h and 193l and horizontal connecting parts 194h and 194l surrounding the outer side of 191l. Each of the dome shaped stem portions 195h and 195l includes a horizontal stem portion and a vertical stem portion. The first and second pixel electrode contact portions 192h and 192l are drain electrodes of the first and second thin film transistors Qh and Ql through the contact holes 185h and 185l of the first or second passivation layer, respectively. 175h, 175l. The pixel electrode 191 according to another embodiment may be formed on the color filter 230 layer or the first passivation layer 181 without forming the second passivation layer 182, and may have three or more subpixel electrodes. .
A lower alignment layer 291 is formed on the pixel electrode 191. The lower plate alignment layer 291 is substantially the same as the upper plate alignment layer 292, and thus description thereof is omitted for convenience of description.
The spacer 250 and the liquid crystal layer 3 that maintain the pair of display panels 100 and 200 at a predetermined interval, that is, at cell intervals, are formed between the lower display panel 100 and the upper display panel 200. The refractive index of the liquid crystals constituting the liquid crystal layer 3 may be about 1.3 to 1.6, more preferably about 1.48.
In order to improve the transmittance of the liquid crystal display, when the color filter 230 is formed on the lower panel 100, the total thickness of silicon nitride (SiNx) formed in the pixel electrode region of the lower panel 100 may be about 3,500 μs to 4000 μs. When the color filter 230 is formed on the upper display panel 200, the total thickness of the silicon nitride (SiNx) formed in the pixel electrode region of the lower display panel 100 may be about 4,000 μs to 5000 μs. In this case, the total thickness of the silicon nitride (SiNx) is the sum of the thicknesses of the silicon nitride (SiNx) constituting the gate insulating film and the protective films.
As an embodiment of the present invention, a refractive index of a lower substrate, a gate insulating film made of silicon nitride (SiNx), a first passivation film made of silicon nitride (SiNx), a second passivation film made of an organic insulator or an organic-inorganic insulator, and a pixel electrode made of IZO or ITO Are about 1.5, about 1.9, about 1.9, about 1.65 to 1.9, and about 1.9, respectively, and the liquid crystal display having these can further improve the transmittance of about 2% over that of the conventional liquid crystal display.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the refractive indexes of the lower substrate, the gate insulating film made of an organic insulator or organic or inorganic insulator, the first passivation film made of an organic or organic insulator, and the pixel electrode made of IZO or ITO are about 1.5, respectively. It is about 1.55, about 1.55-1.9, and about 1.9, and the liquid crystal display device having these can improve the transmittance of about 4% more than the transmittance of the conventional liquid crystal display device.
Hereinafter, the shape of the pixel electrode 191 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3, 5A, and 5B. 5A is an enlarged plan view of the pixel electrode of the second subpixel electrode 191l shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. 5B is an enlarged plan view of the pixel electrode as another example of the pixel electrode plan view of FIG. 5A. .
In order to improve side visibility and brightness of the liquid crystal display device, the outer shape of the pixel electrode 191 and the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l formed in each pixel PX region, the area ratio of the subpixel electrodes, the shape of the pixel electrode, Various parameters should be considered, such as the width and distribution of the fine branches 197 or fine slits 199 and the direction of the fine branches 197.
Pixel electrode
Subpixel
Outer shape of the electrodes
The pixel electrode 191 is divided into first and second subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l. The separated first and second subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l have a first liquid crystal capacitor Clch and a second liquid crystal capacitor Clcl, respectively, and have a first liquid crystal capacitor Clch and a second liquid crystal capacitor Clcl. The outer shapes of the pixel electrode 191 and the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l are quadrangles, and the pixel electrodes 191 and the subpixel electrodes configuring the pixel electrode 191h and 191l are rectangular in shape. The outer shapes of 191h and 191l may be zigzag, radial or rhombus, and the first and second subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l may be spaced in the vertical direction and spaced apart from the gate line 121. Coupling is reduced and kickback voltage Vkb is reduced Pixel PX according to another embodiment may be composed of three or more subpixels First subpixel electrode 191h according to another embodiment. May be substantially surrounded by the second subpixel electrode 191l.
Subpixel
Of electrodes
Area ratio
The area of the second subpixel electrode 191l is about 1 to 3 times the area of the first subpixel electrode 191h in order to improve side visibility and reduce luminance loss of the liquid crystal display, and more preferably. Is about 1.5 to 2 times the area. An area of the second subpixel 190l illustrated in FIG. 3 is about 1.75 times the area of the first subpixel 190h. Side visibility means visibility of the liquid crystal display device according to the viewing angle of the side surface. The closer the image quality of the image visually viewed from the side to the image quality of the visual image viewed from the front, the better the side visibility.
Pixel electrode
shape
Referring to FIG. 3, the first and second subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l have dove shaped stem portions 195h and 195l, respectively, and each of the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l have dove shaped stem portions 195h. , 195l). Each domain has a plurality of fine branches 197h and 197l that extend obliquely outward from the dove shaped stems 195h and 195l. 5A and 5B, the fine branches 197h and 197l have a straight shape or a zigzag shape. Fine slits 199h and 199l between neighboring fine branches 197h and 197l are alternately arranged with the fine branches 197h and 197l. Each of the fine branches 197h and 197l may be symmetrically formed with respect to at least one selected from the horizontal stem portion and the vertical stem portion of the dove-shaped stem portions 195h and 195l. According to another embodiment it may be formed to move about 2 ~ 5um at a position where at least one stem and the other stem of the horizontal stem portion and the vertical stem portion intersects at the portion where the horizontal stem portion and the vertical stem portion meet each other. For example, concave or convex bends may be formed in the horizontal or vertical stems of the trough stems. As such, when the horizontal or vertical stems are moved and the bends are formed in the horizontal or vertical stems, the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules formed in the respective domains does not interfere with the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules in the other domains. texture is reduced.
FIG. 5A is an enlarged view of a central portion A5 of the second subpixel electrode illustrated in FIG. 3. Stripe shaped fine branch and fine slit electrodes are shown. As shown in the center of the second subpixel electrode, the width of the fine branches is S and the width of the fine slits is W. The widths W of the fine slits are gradually changed, which will be described later.
Hereinafter, zigzag fine branches and fine slits will be described with reference to FIG. 5B. Since the shapes of the fine branches 197h and 197l and the fine slits 199h and 199l are substantially the same, the shapes of the fine branches 197h and 197l are described in detail for convenience of description. In order to prevent external light incident on the liquid crystal display from being reflected by the pixel electrode 191, the pixel electrode 191 having fine branches 197 formed in a zigzag shape as shown in FIG. Can be formed.
Hereinafter, the cause of the rainbow spots in the liquid crystal display will be briefly described. Visible light incident on the liquid crystal display device is diffracted by those which act as a diffraction grating in the liquid crystal display device, for example, fine branches, and the liquid crystal display device reflects reflected light by the diffracted light. Since the visible light is composed of different wavelengths, the diffracted reflected light has diffraction patterns having different diffraction angles. Therefore, when the fluorescent light is incident on the liquid crystal display device, since the diffraction pattern has a rainbow color, a rainbow stain is recognized in the liquid crystal display device. The diffraction of the visible light may be mainly generated by the difference in refractive index of the materials to which the visible light is incident and the structure of the pixel electrodes serving as the diffraction grating. Accordingly, the present inventors have found that reducing the difference in the refractive indices of the pixel electrode, liquid crystal, alignment layer, and insulator constituting the liquid crystal display device can reduce the diffraction of visible light and reduce rainbow spots. In addition, the inventors have found that when the pixel electrode structure serving as the diffraction grating is adjusted, the diffraction of visible light can be dispersed and the rainbow spots can be reduced.
Therefore, the pixel electrode structure should be formed as random as possible in order to minimize the minute branch electrodes serving as a diffraction grating. In order to randomize the electrode structure, the direction, width, period, shape, and spacing of the minute branch electrodes must be randomly formed. Directions of the minute branch electrodes may be formed to have two or more directions in each domain region, or different directions between different domains. Widths of the micro branch electrodes may be formed so as to change gradually to widths of a different size from adjacent branch electrodes. The widths of the plurality of branch electrodes in one domain may be formed in one group having a certain period, and the branch electrodes may be periodically disposed such that a plurality of groups having other periods are formed. Micro-branched electrodes may have straight, zigzag, wavy or entasis shapes. The fine branch electrodes may be formed at different intervals from adjacent fine branch electrodes.
In addition, when the color filter 230 is formed on the lower panel 100, a lot of external visible light is incident, so that the color filter 230 may be formed on the upper panel 200 to reduce the incidence of the external visible light.
Hereinafter, the minute branches 197l in a zigzag shape will be briefly described to reduce rainbow spots. The fine branches 197l having a zigzag shape are composed of a zigzag unit length P5 and a zigzag angle θ5. Zigzag unit length (P5) is each of the fine branches (197h, 197l) is a straight length, the straight length is about 3um ~ 25um, more preferably about 4um ~ 10um. The main direction of the minute branch electrodes 197 formed in each domain is a direction in which the line connecting the peak points PK1 and PK2 shown in FIG. 5B is extended. The peak points of PK1 and PK2 are adjacent points of one period in one fine branch electrode 197. The zigzag angle θ5 is a bending angle between the line in the main direction of the fine branch electrode 197 and the line corresponding to the zigzag unit length P5, and the zigzag angle θ5 is about 0 degrees to ± 40 degrees, and more Preferably, it is about ± 12 degrees to ± 20 degrees. Zigzag-shaped fine branches 197l extend from the horizontal stem portion and the vertical stem portion of the dome-shaped stem to the periphery of each of the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l. Since the light reflected on the fine branches 197l of the pixel electrode 191 has an interference effect depending on the wavelength, the fine branches 197 formed on the pixel electrodes 191 of the primary color filters are zigzag unit length P5. And zigzag angle θ5 may be different. As described above, when minute branches 197l having different zigzag shapes are formed in the pixel electrode according to the pixels of the primary colors, rainbow spots of the liquid crystal display are reduced.
In another embodiment, one minute branch 197 constituting the pixel electrode 191 may have a zigzag unit length P5 of different sizes. In another embodiment, one minute branch 197h or 197l constituting the pixel electrode 191 may be configured in a mixed shape of a straight line and a zigzag. As another embodiment, fine branch electrodes 197h and 197l having a linear shape and fine branch 197h and 197l having a zigzag shape may be configured as one domain.
In example embodiments, the pixel electrode may have at least one notch having a 'V' shape. That is, the 'V' shaped notches may be formed in an intaglio or embossed form on the electrodes of the minute branches 197 or the trough stem. When the notch is formed in the pixel electrode, the response speed of the liquid crystal display is decreased and the luminance is increased.
Referring to FIG. 3, the first and second subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l have vertical connections 193h and 193l at left and right sides, respectively. The vertical connectors 193h and 193l block parasitic coupling occurring between the data line 171 and the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l. 4B and 4C, the vertical connecting portions 193h of the first subpixel electrode 191h overlap the sustain electrode line vertical portions 128 with OLL1 and OLR1 in adjacent pixels, respectively. OLL1 and OLR1 may each be selected from about 0.5-3 μm. In the adjacent pixels, the vertical connectors 193l of the second subpixel electrode 191l overlap the storage electrode vertical lines 128 with OLL2 and OLR2, respectively. OLL2 and OLR2 may be selected values from about 1 to 3 um, respectively. In order to reduce variation of the second liquid crystal capacitor Clcl formed in the second subpixel electrode 191l, OLL2 and OLR2 may be greater than or equal to OLL1 and OLR1, respectively. The light blocking member 220 formed on the upper display panel 200 overlaps the sustain electrode line vertical portions 128 formed in the region of the first subpixel electrode 191h by OBL1 and OBR1. OBL1 and OBR1 may each be about 0.5-3 μm. In addition, the light blocking member 220 formed on the upper panel 200 overlaps the sustain electrode line vertical portions 128 formed in the second subpixel electrode 191l as much as OBL2 and OBR2. OBL2 and OBR2 may each be about 0.5-3 μm. By adjusting the size of the OBL1, OBR1, OBL2 and OBR2 to the process conditions and the cell gap size, light leakage of the liquid crystal display can be improved.
Fine branches and fine
Slit
Width and distribution
In order to improve the transmittance and side visibility of the liquid crystal display device and to reduce the occurrence of rainbow spots, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 3, the type of liquid crystal molecules 31, the maximum data voltage, and the first subpixel electrode and the second subpixel electrode The fine branch 197 width S and the fine slit 199 width W (shown in FIG. 5A) may be formed in various shapes according to the parameters such as the voltage ratio and the area ratio of the slit.
The fine branch 197 width S and the fine slit 199 width W according to the present invention are each about 2 um to 6 um, preferably about 2.5 um to 4 um. Referring to FIG. 3, S and W are constant in the first pixel electrode 191h, and each of the domains of the second pixel electrode 191l may have first to third regions HA and LA according to the distribution of S and W sizes. , MA) In the first region HA, the fine branch 197 width S and the fine slit 199 width W are S1 and W1, respectively, and S1 and W1 are the same. In the second area LA, the fine branch 197 width S and the fine slit 199 width W are S2 and W2, respectively, and W2 is larger than S2. In the third area MA, the fine branch 197 width S and the fine slit 199 width W are S3 and W3, respectively, but S3 is the same, but W3 gradually changes. In the third area MA, the size of W3 increases gradually as the first area HA approaches the second area LA. S and W of the first pixel electrode 191h according to the preferred embodiment are about 3 um and about 3 um, respectively, and S1 and W1, S2 and W2, S3 and W3 of the second pixel electrode 191l are about 3, respectively. um and about 3 um, about 3 um and about 4 um, about 3 um and about 3-4 um. The size at which the width W3 of the fine slits 199l gradually changes is about 0.15 to 0.5 탆, preferably about 0.2 탆. Alternatively, each of S3 and W3 of the third region MA may be gradually changed, and S2 and W2 of the second region LA may be larger than S1 and W1 of the first region HA, respectively. An area of the first area HA formed in each domain of the second subpixel electrode 191l is larger than that of the second area LA. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the area of the first area HA is about 50 to 80% of the area of the entire area in each domain, each subpixel, or the pixel, that is, the area of the HA area, the LA area, and the MA. More preferably, the sum of the areas of about 60 to 70%, the area of the second area LA and the third area MA is about 20 to 50%, and more preferably about 30 to 40%. The areas of the first to third regions HA, LA, and MA may have different distribution sizes for each domain. The first to third regions HA, LA, and MA may be symmetrically formed on at least one selected from the horizontal stem portion and the vertical stem portion of the domed stem portions 195h and 195l. In another embodiment, the first to third regions HA, LA, and MA may also be formed on the first subpixel electrode 191h.
Fine branches direction
Since the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule 31 is inclined in a direction parallel to the fine branches 197h and 197l by the electric field formed in the liquid crystal layer 3, the minute branches extending in the direction of about 45 degrees with respect to the polarization axis of the polarizer ( The liquid crystal display device 197h, 197l has a maximum transmittance. Accordingly, the luminance and side visibility of the liquid crystal display are changed by changing the light transmittance passing through the subpixels 190h and 190l according to the directions of the fine branches 197h and 197l of the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l. Can be.
The directions of the fine branches 197 and the fine slits 199 in each domain are about 0 degrees to 45 degrees with respect to at least one direction selected from the first direction D1 and the second direction D2, and more preferably. It may be about 30 degrees to 45 degrees. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 may be polarization axis directions of the polarizer attached to the lower panel 100 or the upper panel 200. Referring to FIG. 3, the fine branches 197 are formed in the θ1 and θ2 directions with respect to the polarization axis of the polarizer at the first subpixel electrode 191h and the second subpixel electrode 191l, respectively, and θ1 and θ2 are respectively It is about 40 degrees and about 45 degrees. The directions of the fine branches 197h and 197l may be about 30 degrees to 45 degrees with respect to the direction of the center line or the gate line 121 of the vertical connection portion or the horizontal connection portion of the lateral stem. In the case of zigzag-shaped fine branches 197 having a period of peak points PK1 and PK2 shown in FIG. 5B, the direction in which the line connecting the peak points PK1 and PK2 extends is the main direction of the fine branches 197. Direction. Directions of the fine branches 197h and 197l may be differently formed according to domains, pixels, or subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l.
Of LCD panel assembly
Modes
Hereinafter, the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 manufactured by various methods using the display panels 100 and 200 manufactured by the above-described method will be described in detail. 6A, 6B, and 6C illustrate an SVA mode and an SC-VA mode using the lower panel and the upper panel 100 and 200 manufactured according to FIGS. 1 to 5a and 5b, respectively. FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 according to -Controlled Alignment Mode and Polarized Ultra-Violet Vertical-Alignment Mode. In each of the modes, the process of forming the lower alignment layer 291 and the upper alignment layer 292 are substantially the same. Therefore, in order to avoid duplication of description, a process of forming the lower plate alignment layer 291 is described in detail below.
SVA
mode(
Super
Vertical
Alignment
Mode
)
First, a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 in the SVA mode will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 6A. In the first steps S110 and S120, the lower panel 100 having the pixel electrode 191 and the upper panel 200 having the common electrode 270 are respectively formed in the manner described above with reference to FIGS. 1 through 5A and 5B. Are manufactured. A main alignment material (not shown) is applied on the pixel electrode 191 and the common electrode 270 by a method such as inkjet or roll printing. The main alignment material may be formed in the inner regions of the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200, and may be partially applied to the outer region. The outer area of the lower panel 100 is an area where no pixels are applied with the data voltage, and the inner area is an area where the pixels are applied with the data voltage. The outer area and the inner area of the upper panel 200 correspond to the outer area and the inner area of the lower panel 100 when the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 are bonded to each other.
The main alignment material becomes the main alignment film 33 after curing with light or heat. It will be readily understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the main alignment material may be a material commonly used in vertical alignment (VA) mode or twisted nematic (TN) mode.
In the next step S140, a liquid crystal layer having liquid crystal molecules 31 and a photocuring agent (not shown) between the alignment layer 292 of the upper panel 200 and the main alignment layers 34 and 33 of the lower panel 100. 3 is formed, and the lower and upper display panels 100 and 200 are sealed by a sealing material (not shown) so that they are joined. An upper common voltage application point (not shown), which will be described later, may be formed between the lower display panel 100 and the upper display panel 200. The sealant is cured by thermosetting, visible or ultraviolet (UV) light. The photocuring agent is about 1.0 wt% or less, more preferably about 0.5 wt% or less with respect to the liquid crystal layer 3. Photocuring agent according to an embodiment of the present invention may be a reactive mesogen (RM). The term 'mesogen' refers to a photocrosslinkable low molecular or polymer copolymer containing a mesogen group of liquid crystal properties. The reactive mesogen (RM) may be made of, for example, acrylate, methacrylate, epoxy, oxetane, vinyl-ether, styrene, or thioene group, and the like. It may be a material contained in the gen (RM). The reactive mesogen (RM) may be a rod, banana, board, or disc shaped material. In addition, the above-described photoinitiator (not shown) may be further included in the liquid crystal layer 3. The photoinitiator included in the liquid crystal layer 3 is about 0.01% by weight to 1% by weight based on the total weight of the photocuring agent. Photoinitiators absorb long-wave ultraviolet (UV) light, decompose it into radicals, and promote photopolymerization of the photocuring agent. The photoinitiator may be a material that absorbs wavelengths of about 300 nm to 400 nm.
According to one embodiment of the invention the main alignment material may be applied in direct contact with the spacer, color filter or insulating film in some areas.
The applied main orientation material is first heated at about 80 ° C. to about 110 ° C. for about 100 seconds to about 140 seconds, more preferably at about 95 ° C. for about 120 seconds. During primary heating, the solvent of the main alignment material is vaporized, and the imidized vertically aligned monomolecules are aligned in the vertical direction with respect to the underlying film to form the main alignment film.
After primary heating, the main orientation material is secondary heated at about 200 ° C. to about 240 ° C. for about 1000 seconds to about 1400 seconds, more preferably at about 220 ° C. for about 1200 seconds. During the secondary heating, the main alignment material is cured to form the main alignment film.
After the secondary heating, the main alignment layer may be washed with pure water (DIW, DeIonized Water) and further washed with isopropyl alcohol (IPA). After washing, the main alignment film is dried. After drying, the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 are bonded by a sealing material. The lower and upper panels may be annealed for about 60 minutes to about 80 minutes in a chamber at about 100 ° C. to about 120 ° C. to improve purging and uniformity of the liquid crystal molecules after bonding.
In the next step (S150), after bonding, the photocuring agent cured by light becomes the photocuring layer 35. The photocuring layer 35 and the main alignment film 33 constitute a lower plate alignment film 291.
In step S152 constituting step S150, the electric field and the exposure process formed on the liquid crystal layer 3 before the cured lower plate photocured layer 35 is formed are described in detail. When a voltage is supplied to the pixel electrode 191 of the lower panel 100 and the common electrode 270 of the upper panel 200, an electric field is formed in the liquid crystal layer 3.
Hereinafter, methods for forming an electric field in the liquid crystal layer 3 according to embodiments of the present invention, that is, a method of supplying a direct current (DC) voltage and a method of supplying a multi-step voltage, respectively, will be described. First, referring to FIG. 7A, a method of supplying a DC voltage to the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 is described. When the predetermined first voltage V1 is supplied to the gate lines 121 and the data lines 171 of the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 during the 'TA1' period, the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l are first predetermined. The voltage V1 is supplied. At this time, a ground voltage or a voltage of about 0 volts (0 V) is supplied to the common electrode 270. The 'TA1' period is about 1 second to 300 seconds, more preferably about 100 seconds. The first voltage V1 is about 5V to 20V, and more specifically about 7V to 15V.
Hereinafter, the motion of the liquid crystal molecules 31 arranged by the electric field generated in the liquid crystal layer 3 during the 'TA1' period will be described in detail. The TA1 period is a period in which the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in the fringe electric field direction. An electric field is generated in the liquid crystal layer 3 by the difference between the voltage supplied to the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l and the voltage supplied to the common electrode 270, whereby liquid crystal molecules having refractive index anisotropy are arranged. . The edge pixel electrodes of the fine branches 197h and 197l and the fine slits 199h and 199l and the edge pixel electrodes of the vertical connectors 193h and 193l and the horizontal connectors 194h and 194l shown in FIG. 3 distort the electric field. Therefore, a fringe electric field is formed in the liquid crystal layer 3. Because of the fringe electric field, the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules 31 tend to tilt in the vertical direction of the edges of the fine branches 197. Next, the directions of the horizontal components of the fringe electric fields generated by the edges 197h and 197l of the neighboring fine branches 197 are opposite to each other and the spacing between the fine branches 197h and 197l ( W), i.e., because the width W of the fine slits 199h and 199l is narrow, the liquid crystal molecules 31 are inclined in the direction of the electric field of the horizontal component, but the vertical connection portions 193h and 193l of the pixel electrode 191 are arranged. And because the fringe electric field strength by the edges of the horizontal connecting portions 194h and 194l is greater than the fringe electric field strength of the edges of the fine branches 197h and 197l, the liquid crystal molecules 31 eventually form the lengths of the fine branches 197h and 197l. In other words, the liquid crystal molecules 31 are inclined parallel to the normal direction of the relatively large fringe electric field, that is, the length direction of the fine branches 197h and 197l. The liquid crystal molecules 31 in the region are the same Direction to form one domain, and since the minute branches 197 extend in four directions in the first subpixel or the second subpixel of FIG. 3, the liquid crystal molecules 31 near the pixel electrode 191. ) Are inclined in four directions, and each of the subpixels 191h and 191l has four domains.The larger the number of domains in one pixel PX, the better the side visibility of the LCD.
Thereafter, a predetermined exposure voltage is supplied to the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 during the 'TD1' period in which light is irradiated, whereby the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a stable state, and the electric field exposure process is performed during this period. The exposure voltage may be equal to the first voltage V1 in the 'TA1' period. The 'TD1' period is about 50 seconds to 150 seconds, more preferably about 90 seconds.
In another embodiment, the pixel electrode 191 may receive a ground voltage or about 0 V, and the common electrode 270 may receive a predetermined first voltage V1 and an exposure voltage.
A method of supplying a multi-step voltage to the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 7B. In the following description, since the movement of the liquid crystal molecules 31 by the electric field generated in the liquid crystal layer 3 is described in detail in the description of TA1 of FIG. 7A, it is omitted to avoid duplication.
When the second voltage (low voltage V2) is supplied to the gate line 121 and the data line 171 during the 'TA2' period, the second voltage is supplied to the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l. The ground voltage or the voltage of about 0 volts (0V) is supplied to the common electrode 270. The second voltage is a voltage of the 'TA2' period and consists of low voltage and high voltage (V2). The second voltage is alternately supplied to the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l and has a frequency of about 0.1 to 120 hertz (Hz). The low voltage may be a ground voltage or OV. The high voltage V2 may be higher than the maximum driving voltage of the liquid crystal display, and the high voltage V2 may be about 5V to 60V, and more specifically, about 30V to 50V. The 'TA2' period is about 1 second to 300 seconds, more preferably about 60 seconds. The low voltage or high voltage V2 is maintained for about one second during the TA2 period. As described above, an electric field is formed in the liquid crystal layer 3 due to the voltage difference between the voltage supplied to the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l and the voltage supplied to the common electrode 270. When the electric field is formed in the liquid crystal layer 3, the liquid crystal molecules 31 are inclined in a direction parallel to the length direction of the fine branches 197h and 197l, and when the electric field is not formed, the liquid crystal molecules 31 are at the top or the bottom thereof. The display panels 100 and 200 are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the display panels 100 and 200. By alternately supplying the low voltage and the high voltage V2 to the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l, the electric field applied to the liquid crystal molecules 31 of the liquid crystal layer 3 is switched on and off. Because of this, the liquid crystal molecules 31 that are initially vertically aligned can be uniformly aligned in the desired tilt direction.
Thereafter, a voltage gradually increasing from the low voltage to the high voltage V2 is supplied during the 'TB2' period, whereby the liquid crystal molecules are sequentially arranged. 'TB2' period may be about 1 second to about 100 seconds, more preferably about 30 seconds. During the 'TB2' period, since the liquid crystal molecules 31 lie sequentially over time in a direction parallel to the length direction of the fine branches 197 of the pixel electrode 191 in the vertical alignment state, the liquid crystal layer 3 is rapidly formed in the liquid crystal layer 3. Irregular movement of the liquid crystal molecules 31 generated when an electric field is formed is prevented.
Subsequently, in the 'TC2' period, the liquid crystal molecules 31 are inclined in a direction parallel to the length direction of the fine branch 197 of the pixel electrode 191, and then the liquid crystal array is stabilized. The 'TC2' period is about 1 second to 600 seconds, more preferably about 40 seconds. During the 'TC2' period, the state in which the high voltage V2 is supplied is maintained.
Thereafter, a predetermined exposure voltage is supplied to the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 during a 'TD2' period in which light is irradiated, whereby the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a stable state and an electric field exposure process is performed during this period. The 'TD2' period is about 80 seconds to 200 seconds, more preferably about 150 seconds. The exposure voltage may be equal to the final voltage of the second voltage V2. The exposure voltage is about 5V to 60V, more preferably about 30V to 50V. As an embodiment of the present invention, when the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 3 is about 3.6 μm, the exposure voltage may be about 20 V to 40 V, and when the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 3 is about 3.2 μm, the exposure voltage V3. ) May be about 10V to 30V.
As another embodiment of the present invention, the ground voltage or about 0V may be supplied to the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l, and the predetermined second voltages 0V and V2 may be supplied to the common electrode 270.
In the next step S154, the above-described DC or multi-step voltage is supplied to the upper panel 200 and the lower panel 100, and then, during the formation of the predetermined electric field in the liquid crystal layer 3, that is, during the period of TD1 or TD2, The lower and upper display panels having the liquid crystal layer 3 or the alignment reactant are irradiated, and as a result, a photocured layer is formed. Light irradiated onto the liquid crystal layer 3 may be irradiated from one or both directions of the lower substrate 110 or the upper substrate 210.
Hereinafter, the method in which the lower photocurable layer 35 is formed by the process of irradiating light to the liquid crystal layer 3 in which the electric field is formed, that is, the electric field exposure process, is explained in detail. In the state in which the electric field is present in the liquid crystal layer 3, the liquid crystal molecules 31 adjacent to the main alignment layer 33 are arranged to be inclined parallel to the directions of the fine branches 197. The photocuring agent present in the liquid crystal layer 3 is cured to have substantially the same inclination angle as the liquid crystal molecules 31 on the main alignment layer 33 by the irradiated light to form the photocuring layer 35. The photocured layer 35 is formed on the main alignment film 33. Even after the electric field formed in the liquid crystal layer 3 is removed, the side chain polymer of the photocuring layer 35 maintains the directivity of the adjacent liquid crystal molecules 31. Mesogen according to an embodiment of the present invention maintains the directivity of the liquid crystal molecules 31 by induction of anisotropy of mesogen at a UV or UV light as a photocuring agent.
The 'TD1' or 'TD2' period is as described above. The light irradiated onto the liquid crystal layer 3 may be collimated UV, polarized UV, or unpolarized UV. The ultraviolet wavelength may be about 300 nm to 400 nm. Light energy is about 0.5J / cm 2 ~ 40J / cm 2, more preferably about 5J / cm 2. The light that cures the photocuring agent and sealant can be of different wavelengths and energies.
As such, when the liquid crystal molecules 31 maintain the pretilt in a direction parallel to the length direction of the fine branches 197 by the polymer of the photocurable layer 35, the electric field may be determined by the movement direction of the liquid crystal molecules 31. When the liquid crystal molecules are formed, the liquid crystal molecules are inclined quickly so that the liquid crystal display has a fast response time (RT). The liquid crystal molecules 31 close to the side chain of the photocuring layer 35 have a slightly constant line inclination angle with respect to the direction perpendicular to the lower panel 100, but move toward the middle of the liquid crystal layer 3 in the photocuring layer 35. The molecule 31 may not have a constant line tilt angle. In order to improve the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display and prevent light leakage in the field, the liquid crystal molecules of the central liquid crystal layer may not have a line inclination angle unlike the liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the photocurable layer.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the uncured photocuring agent remaining in the liquid crystal layer 3 causes an afterimage, so as to remove the uncured photocuring agent present in the liquid crystal layer 3 or having a pretilt angle. In order to stabilize (35, 36), a process in which light is irradiated to the liquid crystal layer 3 in the absence of an electric field formed in the liquid crystal layer 3, that is, a fluorescent exposure process may be performed. According to one embodiment of the invention the fluorescence exposure process may be irradiated for about 20 minutes to about 80 minutes, more preferably about 40 minutes. In this case, the wavelength of the irradiated light may be about 300 nm to about 390 nm, and the intensity of light at 310 nm may be ultraviolet rays having about 0.05 mW / cm 2 to about 0.4 mW / cm 2 .
As another embodiment, the intensity of the electric field formed in the liquid crystal layer 3, the magnitude of the pixel voltage, the voltage time supplied to the pixel PX, the light energy, the light irradiation amount, the light irradiation time, and the like may be varied. Lower or upper photocurable layers 35 and 36 having side chains having a linear inclination angle may be formed. In an embodiment, the first subpixel and the second subpixel 190h having the photocurable layers 35 having different line inclination angles by electric field exposure while the exposure voltages are differently supplied to the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l. , 190l) may be formed. In another embodiment, an exposure voltage or an electric field may be provided to have a photocurable layer having a pretilt angle different from the pretilt angle of other pixels, for example, a blue pixel, among the basic color pixels constituting the base pixel group PS. The exposure process may proceed differently depending on the pixels.
Polarizers (not shown) are attached to the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 bonded by the sealing material. As described above, the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 manufactured in a state in which the photocuring agent is included in the liquid crystal layer 3 has an SVA mode characteristic.
SC
-
VA
mode(
Surface
-
Controlled
Alignment
Mode
)
≪ Example 1 >
Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 in the SC-VA mode will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 6B, 8A, 8E, and 9. Detailed description overlapping with the method of manufacturing the SVA mode liquid crystal panel assembly 300 will be omitted for convenience of description, and the method of manufacturing the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 featuring the SC-VA mode will be described in detail.
FIG. 6B is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 using the SC-VA mode method of the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 manufactured according to FIGS. 1 to 5A and 5B. 8A to 8E are cross-sectional views sequentially illustrating a process of forming a lower plate alignment layer 291 of the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 according to an embodiment of the SC-VA mode, and FIG. 9 is a view showing that the surface photocuring agent is cured. It is a figure which shows schematically the step in which the layer 35 is formed.
Manufacturing of the lower panel 100 having the pixel electrode 191 and the upper panel 200 having the common electrode 270 in the first steps S210 and S220 has been described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5A and 5B. It became.
In the next steps S231 and S232, the surface photocuring agent layer 35a and the main alignment layer 33 are formed on the pixel electrode 191 and the common electrode 270, respectively.
8A to 8E, the process of forming the lower main alignment layer 33 and the surface photocuring agent layer 35a will be described in detail. Referring to FIG. 8A, a surface alignment agent 10 including a surface photocuring agent (not shown) and a surface main alignment material (not shown) may be formed on the pixel electrode 191 by inkjet printing or roll printing. The surface alignment reactant 10 may be formed in the inner region of the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200, and may be partially applied to the outer region. The other lower layers of the pixel electrode 191 and the common electrode 270 are omitted because they are the same as described above. That is, the surface orientation reactant 10 is a mixture or compound of the surface photocuring agent and the surface main alignment material. The surface main alignment material is a vertical alignment material that orients the liquid crystal molecules 31 perpendicular to the plane of the substrate or the pixel electrode 191. The surface photocuring agent is a material that is cured to pretilt the liquid crystal molecules 31 in a predetermined oblique direction with respect to the plane of the substrate or the pixel electrode 191. The material of the surface main alignment material and the surface photocuring agent will be described later.
Referring to FIG. 8B, the surface alignment reactant 10 formed on the pixel electrode 191 is primarily heated at a low temperature. The primary heating process proceeds from about 80 ° C. to about 110 ° C., more preferably about 95 ° C. for about 100 seconds to about 140 seconds, more preferably about 120 seconds. In primary heating, the solvent of the surface-oriented reactant 10 is vaporized. Referring to FIG. 8C, the surface alignment agent 10 is phase-separated into a surface main alignment material layer 33a having a surface main alignment material and a surface photocuring agent layer 35a having a surface photocuring agent. Due to the polarity difference, the surface-aligned reactant 10 moves to the pixel electrode 191 around the material having a relatively large polarity to become the surface main alignment material layer 33a having the surface main alignment material, and has a relatively small polarity. The material having the ions moves above the surface main alignment material layer 33a to become the surface photocuring agent layer 35a. The surface main alignment material has a relatively large polarity and orients the liquid crystal molecules 31 perpendicular to the plane of the substrate or the pixel electrode 191. The surface photocuring agent layer 35a has a relatively small polarity because it includes alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecules that act nonpolarly to weaken side chain polarity. Referring to FIGS. 8D and 8E, when the surface main alignment material layer 33a and the surface photocuring agent layer 35a, which have undergone phase separation, are heated to a high temperature at a high temperature, the liquid crystal molecules 31 may have a relatively large polarity at the bottom thereof. Alternatively, a main alignment layer 33 that is perpendicular to the plane of the pixel electrode 191 is formed, and a surface photocuring agent layer 35a having a relatively small polarity is formed on the top. Accordingly, the main alignment layer and the lower photocurable layer have different polarities. The secondary heating process may proceed at about 200 ° C. to about 240 ° C., more preferably about 220 ° C. for about 1000 seconds to about 1400 seconds, more preferably about 1200 seconds.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the primary heating process may be omitted when the surface main alignment material 32a having the main alignment material is separately formed in the lower layer and the surface photocuring agent in the upper layer.
Hereinafter, the surface photocuring agent and the surface main alignment material will be described in detail. According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the surface main alignment material in the surface orientation reactant 10 is about 85 mol% to 95 mol%, the surface photocuring agent is about 5 mol% to 15 mol%, and more specifically, the surface main alignment material Is about 90 mol% and the surface photocuring agent is about 10 mol%. The molar% composition ratio of the surface main alignment material and the surface photocuring agent is the mole% with respect to the surface orientation reactant 10 except for the solvent, respectively, after phase separation into the main alignment layer 33 and the photocuring agent layer 35a or the main alignment layer 33. Even after the formation of the photocurable layer 35, the molar percentage composition ratio of the surface main alignment material and the surface photocuring agent is substantially the same. As an embodiment of the invention the surface photocuring agent has the reactive mesogen (RM) described above. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a solvent may be added to the surface orientation reactant 10 to improve the printability of applying the surface orientation reactant 10 to the lower or upper panel widely, thinly or well. In addition, the solvent facilitates dissolution or mixing of the materials constituting the surface orientation reactant 10. The solvent is chlorobenzene, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone,
The surface main alignment material may be a dianhydride monomer, for example, an alicyclic dianhydride monomer, a diamine monomer, for example, an aromatic diamine ( It may be a polymer comprising an aromatic diamine-based monomolecule and an aliphatic ring substituted aromatic diamine-based single molecule, and an aromatic epoxide-based single molecule which is a crosslinker. .
The alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecules included in the surface main alignment material may be about 39.5 mol% to 49.5 mol% in the surface alignment reactant 10, and the aromatic diamine-based monomolecules may be It may be about 30.5 mol% to 40.5 mol% in the surface orientation reactant (10), aliphatic ring substituted aromatic diamine-based single molecule is about 7.5 mol% to 10.5 mol in the reactant (10) of the surface film %, And the aromatic epoxide-based single molecule may be about 0.5 to 1.5 mol% of the surface orientation reactant (10).
Alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecules may be monomolecules represented by any one of Formulas I to V below. Alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecules enable the polymers contained in the surface oriented materials to dissolve well in the solvent and enhance the electro-optical properties of the surface oriented materials.
Formula I
Formula II
Formula III
Formula IV
Formula V
An aromatic diamine-based single molecule may be a single molecule represented by Formula VI below. The aromatic diamine-based monomolecules of the surface main alignment material allow the polymers contained in the surface main alignment material to dissolve well in the solvent.
VI
Wherein W3 may be any one of Formulas VII to IX below.
Formula VII
Formula VIII
IX
Aliphatic ring substituted aromatic diamine-based single molecule may be a single molecule represented by the following formula (X). Aliphatic ring substituted aromatic diamine-based monomolecules of the surface main alignment material are vertically oriented components, which enhance the heat resistance and chemical resistance of the surface main alignment material.
X
Here, W2 may be any one of the following Formulas XI and XII.
XI
XII
An aromatic epoxide-based single molecule may be a single molecule represented by Chemical Formula XIII below. Since the aromatic epoxide-based monomolecule of the surface main alignment material forms a crosslinked structure, the polymer included in the surface main alignment material and the polymer (reactive mesogen, RM) included in the surface photocuring agent may be combined. To be. In addition, aromatic epoxide-based monomolecules enhance membrane properties, heat resistance and chemical resistance.
XIII
Here, Z3 may be any one of the following Formulas XIV and XV.
Formula XIV
XV
The surface main alignment material according to one embodiment may be a polymer-based material, for example, polysiloxane, poly-amic acid, polyimide, nylon, or PVA. (polyvinylalcohol), may include at least one of materials such as PVC.
Surface photocuring agents are dianhydride-based monomolecules such as alicyclic dianhydride monomolecules and diamine-based monomolecules such as photoreactive diamine monomolecules and alkylated aromatic diamines. diamine-based monomolecules and aromatic diamine-based monomolecules.
The alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecules included in the surface photocuring agent may be about 2.5 mol% to 7.5 mol% of the surface alignment reactant (10), and the photoreactive diamine-based monomolecule may be the surface alignment reactant (10 ) From about 0.75 mole% to 2.25 mole%, the alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecule may be about 0.75 mole% to 2.25 mole% of the surface orientation reactant (10), and aromatic diamine The aromatic diamine-based single molecule may be about 1 mol% to 3 mol% of the surface orientation reactant 10.
Alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecules and aromatic diamine-based monomolecules contained in the surface photocuring agent are alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecules contained in the surface main alignment materials, respectively. It may be the same as an aromatic diamine-based single molecule.
The photoreactive diamine-based monomolecule is a single molecule containing reactive mesogen (RM), and determines the pretilt direction of the photocurable layers 35 and 36 and the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules. The chemical structure of the photoreactive diamine-based single molecule may be a single molecule represented by Chemical Formula XVI below, and more specifically, may be a single molecule represented by Chemical Formula XVII.
XVI
Wherein P1 is a reactive mesogen and W3 is an aromatic ring, which may be any one of Formulas VII to IX described above.
Formula XVII
Where X is methylene (CH 2 ), Phenylene (C 6 H 4 ), Biphenylene (C1 2 H 8 ), Cyclohexylene (C 6 H 8 ), Bicyclohexylene (C1 2 H1 6 ), and phenyl-cyclohexylene (C 6 H 4 -C 6 H 8 ), Y is methylene (CH 2 ), Ether (O), Ester (OC = O or O = CO), Phenylene (C 6 H 4 ) and Cyclohexylene (C 6 H 8 ), and Z may be methyl (CH 3 ) or hydrogen (H). In addition, n may be an integer of 1 to 10.
The alkylated aromatic diamine-based single molecule may be a vertically aligned single molecule represented by the following Chemical Formula XVIII. Since the alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecules of the polymer contained in the surface photocuring agent contain an alkyl group having a vertical alignment component but not polarity in the side chain, the surface photocuring agent layer 35a The polymer has a relatively lower polarity than the polymer of the surface main alignment material layer 33a.
Formula XVIII
Where R 'and R "are as follows.
In addition, W5 may be represented by the following formula (XIX).
An aromatic diamine-based single molecule may be a single molecule represented by Formulas VI to IX. Aromatic diamine-based monomolecules make the polymer constituting the surface photocuring agent well soluble in a solvent. The photoinitiator described above may be added to the surface photocuring agent.
After secondary heating, the surface-oriented reactant 10 may be cleaned by pure water (DIW, DeIonized Water), and further cleaned by isopropyl alcohol (IPA). After cleaning, the surface-oriented reactants 10 are dried.
In operation S240, an upper common voltage application point (not shown), a sealing material, and a liquid crystal layer 3 are formed between the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 on which the surface photocuring agent layer 35a and the main alignment layer 33 are formed. And the display panels 100 and 200 are bonded to each other. After drying, a sealing material is formed on the lower panel 100. The encapsulant may be formed on an outer region of the lower panel 100 where the surface alignment reactant 10 is not formed in order to improve adhesion. Alternatively, the encapsulant may be formed in the outer region of the lower panel 100 or the upper panel 200 to partially overlap the surface alignment reactant 10. The sealant may include a photoinitiator that is cured by ultraviolet light in a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 400 nm. The photoinitiator that is cured at a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 400 nm may be benzyl dimethyl ketal (BDK, Benzyl Dimethyl Ketal, Irgacure-651) or the photoinitiator described above.
After drying, a top plate common voltage application point (not shown) and a liquid crystal layer are formed on the upper panel 200. The upper common voltage application point receives the common voltage Vcom supplied from the outside and supplies the common voltage Vcom to the common electrode 270 formed on the upper panel 200. The upper common voltage application point may be formed at an outer region of the upper panel in which the surface alignment reactant 10 is not formed. The common top voltage application point has a conductive characteristic and may be composed of spherical conductors having a diameter of about 4 μm or less. The liquid crystal layer is formed in a region where the surface alignment reactant 10 is formed on the upper panel 200 or inside the sealing member. The process of forming the upper common voltage application point and the liquid crystal layer may be simultaneously performed. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the sealing material and the upper plate common voltage application point may be formed of the same material in one process by mixing the conductors forming the upper plate common voltage application point with the sealing material.
After the sealing material and the liquid crystal layer are formed, the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 are bonded by the sealing material in the vacuum chamber.
In operation S250, an exposure voltage is supplied to the bonded display panels 100 and 200 and light is irradiated, that is, a lower photocurable layer 35 is formed on the lower main alignment layer 33 by an electric field exposure process, and the upper main alignment layer ( A top photocuring layer 36 is formed on the top 34. The main alignment layers 33 and 34 and the photocuring layers 35 and 36 form alignment layers 291 and 292.
After bonding, the sealing material is irradiated with ultraviolet light having a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 400 nm or visible light of about 400 nm or more to cure about 80%. Ultraviolet or visible light may be incident from an outer direction of the lower panel to irradiate the sealing material. A shield mask is positioned between the sealant and the ultraviolet light source, and blocks the ultraviolet rays so that the ultraviolet rays are not irradiated to portions other than the sealant. When the ultraviolet rays irradiated to the sealing material deviate to cure the photocuring agent around the sealing material, the liquid crystal display may have a defect in the edge around the sealing material because the photocuring agent around the sealing material is previously cured. The photocuring agent around the sealing material may be a photocuring agent for forming an alignment layer or a photocuring agent present in the liquid crystal layer. Visible light may be irradiated to the sealing material without a mask.
Thereafter, the seal is thermoset at about 100 ° C. for about 70 minutes.
After bonding, the lower and upper display panels are annealed for about 60 minutes to about 80 minutes in a chamber of about 100 ° C to about 120 ° C to improve the purging and uniformity of the liquid crystal molecules.
Since an exposure voltage is supplied to the display panels 100 and 200 bonded after annealing and an electric field is formed in the liquid crystal layer 3 (step S252), the description thereof is substantially the same as step S152 of the SVA mode manufacturing method. It is omitted.
In the next step S254, the process of forming the photocured layer 35 by an electric field exposure process in which light is irradiated onto the bonded liquid crystal panel assembly while the electric field is formed will be described. Since the light is irradiated in step S254 and the process of orienting the liquid crystal molecules 31 to the photocured layer 35 is the same as in step S154 of the SVA mode, detailed description is omitted. Hereinafter, referring to FIG. 9, a process of forming the photocurable layer 35 when the surface photocuring agent layer 35a formed on the main alignment layer 33 receives light will be described in detail.
When the electric field is formed in the liquid crystal layer 3, the surface photocuring agent 43 of the surface photocuring agent layer 35a is arranged in substantially the same direction as the surrounding liquid crystal molecules 31, and the surface photocuring agent ( 43 is cured in substantially the same direction as the surrounding liquid crystal molecules 31. The surface photocuring agents 43 thus arranged and cured form the photocuring layer 35 whereby the liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the photocuring layer 35 have a pretilt angle. The surface photocuring agent 43 shown in FIG. 9 is a polymer compound in which the vertically aligned single molecules 41 constituting the surface main alignment material and the single molecules including the reactive mesogen (RM) are chemically bonded. . When the ultraviolet light is irradiated, the surface photocuring agent 43 having the reactive mesogen (RM) is unbonded by ultraviolet light (UV) and the side chain network 40 is additionally formed. By this reaction, the surface photocuring agents 43 form the photocuring layer 35 by curing by ultraviolet irradiation. Accordingly, the photocured layer 35 arranged in a direction slightly inclined with respect to the normal direction of the lower substrate 110 is formed on the main alignment layer 33 having the liquid crystal molecules 31 in the vertical alignment. The above-described fluorescent exposure process may be performed to cure the uncured photocuring agent and to stabilize the photocured layer.
As described above in the description of the SVA mode, since the photocured layer 35 is cured in a state arranged along the inclined direction of the liquid crystal molecules 31, the liquid crystal molecules 31 may be formed even when no electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer 3. ) Have a pretilt angle in an oblique direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the minute branches 197 of the pixel electrode 191.
The liquid crystal panel assembly 300 manufactured as described above has the characteristics of the SC-VA mode. When the liquid crystal display is manufactured according to the SC-VA mode, since the photocuring agent does not exist in the liquid crystal layer 3 but exists around the main alignment layer 33, the uncured photocuring agent remaining in the liquid crystal layer 3 is greatly reduced. . Therefore, the liquid crystal display of the SC-VA mode characteristic has good quality since the afterimage defect is improved. In addition, since the process of irradiating light in the fieldless state to cure the uncured photocuring agent can be omitted, the manufacturing cost of the liquid crystal display device is reduced.
Hereinafter, the characteristics of the liquid crystal display manufactured according to the SC-VA mode will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 10, 1, and 2. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the liquid crystal display of the SC-VA mode according to the component ratio change of the surface main alignment material and the surface photocuring agent included in the surface alignment reactant 10. The alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecule constituting the surface main alignment material used in this experiment was tricyclo-hexyl dianhydride, and the aromatic diamine-based monomolecule Terphenyl diamine, aliphatic ring substituted aromatic diamine-based monomolecule was cholesteryl benzenediamine, and aromatic epoxide-based monomolecule was hexaepoxy Hexaepoxy Benzene derivative. In addition, the alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecule constituting the surface photocuring agent applied in this experiment was a tricyclo-hexyl dianhydride, and the photoreactive diamine-based monomolecular monomonoacryl benzenediamine. (Mono-methacrylic benzenediamine), the alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecule was aliphatic substituted phenylcyclohexy benzenediamine, and the aromatic diamine-based monomolecule was hexa Hexaepoxy Benzene derivative.
The pixel PX structure is substantially the same as the structure of FIG. 3. The width of the fine branch 197 of the pixel electrode 191 was about 3 μm, and the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer 3 was about 3.6 μm. The exposure voltage was about 7.5 V, and the intensity of the ultraviolet rays in the field exposure was about 5 J / cm 2. In addition, the operation of the liquid crystal display device was driven by the charge sharing type 1G1D driving described later with reference to FIG. 11. The other conditions are the same as those applied to the liquid crystal display of the SC-VA mode described above.
Surface Main Orientation Material
(mole%)
Surface photocuring agent
(mole%)
Response speed
(ms)
Afterimage occurrence time
Experimental Example 1
95-100
0-5
161.1
168hr or more
Experimental Example 2
85-95
5-15
7.9
168hr or more
Experimental Example 3
75-85
15-25
7.5
168hr or less
Experimental Example 4
65-75
25-35
7.3
168hr or less
Referring to Table 1, as can be seen in Experiment 2, the surface main alignment material in the surface orientation reactant 10 was about 85 mol% to 95 mol%, and the surface photocuring agent was about 5 mol% to 15 mol%. At this time, the response speed of the liquid crystal display device was about 0.0079 seconds, and afterimages did not occur until 168 hours, thereby obtaining better results than other experimental examples.
Table 2 shows the characteristics of the liquid crystal display of the SC-VA mode according to the component ratio of the vertically aligned monomolecules of the reactive mesogen (RM) of the photoreactive diamine-based and alkylated aromatic diamines contained in the surface photocuring agent. . The reactive mesogen (RM) used in this experiment was mono-methacrylic benzenediamine and the mono-orientated monomolecular monomer was mono-alkylated phenylcyclohexy benzenediamine. Other conditions are the same as those applied to the liquid crystal display of Table 1 described above.
Reactive Mesogen (RM)
(mole%)
Vertically oriented monomolecule
(mole%)
Response speed
(ms)
Black light leak
Experimental Example 5
0.75-2.25
0.5-0.75
8.2
Yes
Experimental Example 6
2.25-3.75
0.5-0.75
7.7
Yes
Experimental Example 7
0.75-2.25
0.75-2.25
7.9
no
Experimental Example 8
2.25-3.75
0.75-2.25
7.4
Yes
Referring to Table 2, as can be seen in Experimental Example 7, the reactive mesogen (RM) and the vertically aligned monomolecules in the surface alignment reactant 10 were about 0.75 mol% to 2.25 mol% and about 0.75 mol% to 2.25, respectively. When mole%, the response speed of the liquid crystal display device was about 0.0079 seconds, and no light leakage occurred in the black state. Therefore, it was found that Experimental Example 7 had superior characteristics compared to other experimental examples.
FIG. 10 shows electron micrographs of one pixel PX of a liquid crystal display having SC-VA mode characteristics over time. The composition of the surface alignment reactant 10 applied to manufacturing the liquid crystal display of FIG. 10 is as follows.
The alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecules included in the surface main alignment substance, ie, tricyclo-hexyl dianhydride, were about 45 mol%, and the aromatic diamine-based monomolecules. That is, terphenyl diamine was about 36 mol%, aliphatic ring substituted aromatic diamine-based monomolecule, that is, about 9 mol% of cholesteryl benzenediamine, The aromatic epoxide-based single molecule, ie, hexaepoxy Benzene derivative, was about 1.25 mol%. The alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecule of the surface photocuring agent (Tricyclo-hexyl dianhydride) was about 5 mol%, and the photoreactive diamine-based monomolecule (ie monomethacrylic benzenediamine). (Mono-methacrylic benzenediamine) was about 1.5 mol%, alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecule, that is, aliphatic substituted phenylcyclohexy benzenediamine was about 1.5 mol%, and aromatic Aromatic diamine-based monomolecule, ie, Hexaepoxy Benzene derivative, was about 2 mol%. Other conditions are the same as those applied to the liquid crystal display of Table 1 described above. The mole% of each component applied to the liquid crystal display device of Table 1, Table 2, and FIG. 10 is a mole% with respect to the surface alignment reactant 10, and the solvent was not included in the component ratio of the surface alignment reactant 10.
As can be seen in FIG. 10, no texture was generated in the picture of the pixel PX photographed from 0 second to 0.048 second. In addition, the response speed between gray levels of the liquid crystal display device was about 0.008 seconds. As described above, the liquid crystal display device manufactured in the above-described SC-VA mode has a fast response speed and has good quality characteristics because afterimage and light leakage have not occurred for a long time.
<Example 2>
An alignment layer of the liquid crystal display according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention has negative electric properties. The photocured layers 35 and 36 constituting the alignment layer have negative electrical properties, and the photocured layers 35 and 36 of negative electrical properties are formed by curing the surface alignment reactant 10. Since the material such as fluorine atom (F) or the like is bonded to a part of the molecules constituting the photocuring agent described above, the surface-oriented reactant 10 may have negative electrical properties. Since the photocured layers 35 and 36 have negative electrical properties, the polymers having negative electrical properties constituting the photocured layers 35 and 36 and the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer may be aligned at the same time by an electric field formed in the liquid crystal layer. . Therefore, the photocured layers 35 and 36 may have a more uniform line inclination angle. In addition, since the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer and the photocurable layer having negative electric characteristics move simultaneously by the electric field when the liquid crystal display is driven, the liquid crystal display may have a fast response speed.
The present embodiment is substantially different from the above-described manufacturing method of the SC-VA mode, unlike the material constituting the surface-oriented reactant 10 and the surface-aligned reactant 10 does not undergo phase separation in the process of forming the alignment layer, unlike FIG. 8C. Can be. Since others except for the specific one of the present embodiment are substantially similar to the method manufactured by the above-described SC-VA mode, duplicate descriptions will be briefly described or omitted in the following description for convenience of description. Since forming the upper and lower alignment layers 292 and 291 are substantially similar, the process of forming the alignment layer according to the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail without dividing them 292 and 291.
Hereinafter, the formation process of the alignment film having negative electrical properties will be described in detail. The lower panel 100 having the pixel electrode 191 and the upper panel 200 having the common electrode 270 are each manufactured by the methods described above or later.
According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the surface alignment reactant 10 having negative electrical characteristics described below is applied on the pixel electrode 191 and the common electrode 270 by the aforementioned methods. The surface alignment reactant 10 may be formed in the inner region of the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200, and may be partially applied to the outer region.
The surface-oriented reactant 10 is a compound in which a photocuring agent bonded with a material exhibiting negative electrical properties and a material chemically bonded to a material forming a main alignment layer are characterized by having negative electrical properties. The photocuring agent is cured as described above to form the photocuring layers 35 and 36 as a material that causes the liquid crystal molecules 31 to be pretilted in a predetermined oblique direction with respect to the planes of the substrates 110 and 210 or the pixel electrode 191. do. The photocuring agent may be bonded to the side chain of the material forming the main alignment layer. The photocuring agent may be at least one material selected from the above-described photoreactive polymer, reactive mesogen (RM), photopolymerization material, photoisomerization material and compounds or mixtures thereof. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the reactive mesogen (RM) having negative electrical properties is a photo-reactive fluorinated diamine-based single molecule described below.
As described above, the material forming the main alignment layer is a vertical alignment material that orients the liquid crystal molecules 31 in a direction perpendicular to the planes of the substrates 110 and 210 or the pixel electrode 191. The material forming the main alignment layer may be a compound of an alicyclic dianhydride monomolecule and an aliphatic ring substituted aromatic diamine monomolecule. The material forming the main alignment layer may also include an aromatic diamine-based monomolecule or a crosslinker. In addition, the material forming the main alignment layer may be the surface main alignment material 32a described above.
Hereinafter, the surface-oriented reactant 10 having negative electrical characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. The surface-oriented reactant 10 having negative electrical characteristics is a dianhydride monomer such as an alicyclic dianhydride monomer, and a photo-reactive fluorinated diamine monomer. Diamine-based groups such as molecules, alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecules, aromatic diamine-based monomolecules and aliphatic ring substituted aromatic diamine-based monomolecules It may be a polymer including a molecule and a crosslinker such as an aromatic epoxide-based single molecule.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the surface alignment reactant 10 having negative electrical properties is a mixture of a polyimide (PI) -based compound and a crosslinking agent. Polyimide (PI, polyimide) compound is a compound in which the single molecules constituting the dianhydride (monomer) and diamine (diamine) monomolecule chemically bonded. When polyimide (PI, polyimide) compounds are mixed with and dissolved in the polar solvent, the dianhydride-based monomolecules and the monoamines contained in the diamine-based monomolecules, the amino groups of the monomolecules contained in the diamine-based monomolecules Acid anhydride groups can be prepared by imidization reactions that undergo a nucleophilic attack. Monomolecules constituting diamine monomolecules, that is, photo-reactive fluorinated diamine monomolecules, alkylated aromatic diamine monomolecules, and aromatic diamines The monomolecular and aliphatic ring substituted aromatic diamine monolayers are mixed before the imidization reaction.
The surface alignment reactant 10 having negative electrical properties may be about 44 mol% to about 54 mol%, more preferably about 49 mol% alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecules, and about 0.5 mol% to about It may be 1.5 mol%, more preferably about 1 mol% of the photo-reactive fluorinated diamine-based single molecule, about 12 mol% to about 18 mol%, more preferably about 15 mol% Alkylated aromatic diamine based monomolecules, about 25 mol% to about 35 mol%, more preferably about 30 mol% aromatic diamine based monomolecules, about 2 mol% to about 6 mol%, more preferably about 4 mol% of an aliphatic ring substituted aromatic diamine-based single molecule, about 0.5 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, more preferably about It consists of an aromatic epoxide-based single molecule of 1 mol%. The mole% composition ratio of the surface orientation reactant 10 is mole% excluding the solvent.
Alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecules are the same as those described above with reference to FIG. 6B. Alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecules allow the polymers contained in the surface alignment reactant 10 to dissolve well in the solvent, and electro-optic properties of the alignment layer, for example, voltage holding ratio (VHR). Improves the voltage and lowers the residual direct current (RDC) voltage. The voltage retention refers to the degree to which the liquid crystal layer maintains the charged voltage while the data voltage is not applied to the pixel electrode. Ideally, the voltage retention is close to 100%. The greater the voltage retention, the better the image quality characteristics of the liquid crystal display. Residual Direct Current (RDC) voltage refers to a voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer even when no impurities are applied to the alignment layer because impurities in the ionized liquid crystal layer are adsorbed on the alignment layer. Character improves.
Photo-reactive fluorinated diamine-based monomolecules are cured by ultraviolet light to form photocurable layers 35 and 36. Since the fluorine atom (F) is bound to a specific direction of benzene, the photo-reactive fluorinated diamine-based monomolecule has negative electric properties. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the chemical structure of the photo-reactive fluorinated diamine-based single molecule may be a single molecule represented by the following Chemical Formula XVI-F, and more specifically, represented by the Chemical Formula XVII-F. The mono-methacrylic fluorinated benzenediamine may be a monomolecular molecule.
Structural Formula XVI-F
Here, P2 is a fluorinated aryl acrylate-based reactive mesogen (RM), and the following structural formulas XVI-F-P2-11, XVI-F-P2-21, XVI-F-P2-22, XVI-F-P2- 23, XVI-F-P2-31, XVI-F-P2-32, XVI-F-P2-41 and mixtures thereof. In addition, W3 is an aromatic ring, and may be any one of Formulas VII to IX described with reference to FIG. 6B. R 'has been described with reference to FIG. 6B.
Structural Formula XVI-F-P2-11
Structural Formula XVI-F-P2-21
Structural Formula XVI-F-P2-22
Structural Formula XVI-F-P2-23
Structural Formula XVI-F-P2-31
Structural Formula XVI-F-P2-32
Structural Formula XVI-F-P2-41
Here, the fluorine (F) atom combines with benzene so that P2 has negative electrical properties.
Mono-methacrylic fluorinated benzenediamine monomolecule is represented by the following structural formula XVII-F.
Structural Formula XVII-F
Here, n may be an integer of 1-6.
Mono-methacrylic fluorinated benzenediamine is a monomolecular mixture of mono-methacrylic hydroxy fluorinated biphenyl intermediates and bromoalkyl benzenediamine derivatives in polar solvents. When the hydroxyl group of the biphenyl intermediate is nucleophilically attacked by the bromo group of the diamine derivative, the bromo group may be released. Mono-methacrylic hydroxy fluorinated biphenyl intermediates are esterified by mixing methacrylic chloride and dihydroxy fluorinated biphenyl in a polar solvent. Can be synthesized by
Alkylated aromatic diamine based monomolecules are the same as those described above with respect to FIG. 6B. The alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecules included in the surface-oriented reactant 10 are vertically aligned monomolecules. Alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecules may have nonpolar properties.
Aromatic diamine based monomolecules are the same as those described above with respect to FIG. 6B. The aromatic diamine-based monomolecule allows the polymer contained in the surface alignment reactant 10 to be well dissolved in the solvent.
Aliphatic ring substituted aromatic diamine-based monomolecules are the same as those described above with reference to FIG. 6B. Aliphatic ring substituted aromatic diamine-based monomolecules are vertically aligned monomolecules which vertically align the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the lower panel or the upper panel.
Aromatic epoxide based monomolecules are the same as those described above with respect to FIG. 6B. Since aromatic epoxide-based monomolecules form a cross-linked structure, dianhydride-based monomers and diamine-based single molecules can be combined or diamine-based monolayers can be combined. The dianhydride-based monomer (dianhydride) and the dianhydride-based monomer (monomer) to which the molecule is bound can be bonded. Aromatic epoxide-based monomolecules improve membrane properties, heat resistance and chemical resistance.
The surface-oriented reactant 10 having negative electrical properties may include a photoinitiator. Photoinitiators may be those described above, or alpha-hydroxyketone (α-hydroxyketone, Irgacure-127, Ciba, Switzerland), methyl benzoylformate (Irgacure-754, Ciba, Switzerland), acrylic Lophosphine oxide (Acrylophosphine oxide, Irgacure-819, Ciba, Switzerland), titanosene (Irtancure-784, Ciba, Switzerland), alpha-aminoacetophenone (α-aminoacetophenone, Irgacure-369, Ciba, Switzerland) , Alpha-aminoketone (α-aminoketone, Irgacure-379, Ciba, Switzerland), alpha-hydroxyketone (α-hydroxyketone, Irgacure-2959, Ciba, Switzerland), oxime ester (Oxime ester, Irgacure-OXE01, Ciba, Switzerland), oxime ester (Ixime ester, Irgacure-OXE02, Ciba, Switzerland) or acrylophosphine oxide (Acrylophosphine oxide, Irgacure-TPO, Ciba, Switzerland).
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the surface-aligned reactant 10 having negative electrical properties may include reactive mesogen (RM) of negative electrical properties in which chlorine atoms (Cl) or chlorine molecules (Cl 2) are combined.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the surface alignment reactant 10 having negative electrical properties may be composed of a compound in which a dianhydride monomer and a diamine monomer are chemically bonded.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the surface-oriented reactant 10 may be formed by mixing the crosslinker and the surface-oriented reactant 10 having negative electrical properties.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the surface alignment reactant 10 may be a mixture of a reactive mesogen (RM) having negative electrical properties and a material forming a main alignment layer.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the surface alignment reactant 10 may be applied to directly contact the spacer, the color filter, or the insulating layer in some regions.
The surface-oriented reactant 10 having the applied negative electrical properties is heated by the above-described primary heating process. During primary heating, the monomolecules of the reactive mesogen (RM) component constituting the surface alignment reactant 10 and the vertical alignment component forming the main alignment layer are aligned in a direction perpendicular to the underlying layer. In addition, reactive mesogen (RM) molecules connected to the side chain of the material constituting the surface-oriented reactant 10 may be expressed on the surface of the surface-oriented reactant 10. Surface-oriented reactants 10 with negative electrical properties during primary heating may not have phase separation as described above with respect to FIG. 8C.
After primary heating, the surface-oriented reactant 10 having negative electrical properties is heated by the above-described secondary heating process. The solvent of the surface orientation reactant 10 is evaporated during the secondary heating, and the crosslinking agent forms a crosslinked structure to form a main alignment layer.
After the secondary heating, the surface-oriented reactant 10 having negative electrical properties may be washed by pure water (DIW, DeIonized Water) and further washed by isopropyl alcohol (IPA). After cleaning, the surface-oriented reactants 10 are dried.
After drying, a sealing material is formed on the lower panel 100. The sealing material may be formed in the outer region of the lower panel 100 or the upper panel 200 to partially overlap the outer region of the lower panel 100 and the surface alignment reactant 10, as described above. The sealant may be a material as described above, and may be cured by ultraviolet light having a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 400 nm or visible light of about 400 nm or more described below.
After drying, the upper panel common voltage application point (not shown) and the liquid crystal layer are formed on the upper panel 200 as described above.
After the sealing material and the liquid crystal layer are formed, the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 are bonded by the sealing material in the vacuum chamber.
After bonding, the sealing material is irradiated with ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 400 nm or visible light of about 400 nm or more as described above to cure about 80%.
Thereafter, the seal is thermoset at about 100 ° C. for about 70 minutes.
After bonding, the lower and upper display panels are annealed for about 60 minutes to about 80 minutes in a chamber of about 100 ° C to about 120 ° C to improve the purging and uniformity of the liquid crystal molecules.
After annealing, a voltage is supplied to the pixel electrode and the common electrode of the display panels 100 and 200 by the DC voltage supply or the multi-stage voltage supply described above with reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B. The process of forming an electric field in the liquid crystal layer is also similar to that described above with reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B. Reactive mesogens (RM) that do not have negative electrical properties are arranged obliquely in an electric field through interaction with liquid crystal molecules. However, since the reactive mesogen (RM) molecules according to the present invention have negative electric properties, they are arranged obliquely in an electric field at the same time as the liquid crystal molecules. Thus, reactive mesogens (RM) having negative electrical properties have the advantage that they can be more easily and uniformly aligned.
While the liquid crystal molecules and the reactive mesogen (RM) polymers are arranged at a predetermined inclination angle, an electric field exposure process is performed in which light is irradiated onto the liquid crystal panel assembly. The electric field exposure process and the method of forming the pretilts of the liquid crystal molecules 31 by the photocured layers 35 and 36 are substantially similar to the above-described step S254, and thus will be briefly described.
When ultraviolet rays are incident while the reactive mesogen (RM) polymer and the liquid crystal molecules are arranged obliquely, the reactive mesogen (RM) is cured in a direction substantially similar to the surrounding liquid crystal molecules 31 by the incident ultraviolet rays. As described above, the acrylate reactor of the reactive mesogen (RM) is crosslinked or cured by ultraviolet rays to form the photocured layers 35 and 36. The reactive mesogen RM cured in this manner forms photocuring layers 35 and 36 on the main alignment layer, and the liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the photocuring layers 35 and 36 are cured reactive mesogen RM. ) Has a pretilt angle. The main alignment film formed in the secondary heating process and the photocuring layers 35 and 36 formed by photocuring constitute the alignment film.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the above-described fluorescence exposure process may be performed.
The liquid crystal panel assembly 300 manufactured as described above has the characteristics of the SC-VA mode described above with reference to FIG. 6B and has photocuring layers 35 and 36 having a more uniform pretilt angle. That is, the photocurable layers 35 and 36 of the present invention have the advantage of uniformly forming the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules than the nonpolar photocurable layer of the prior art. In addition, when the liquid crystal display is driven, the photocuring layer having negative electric characteristics is controlled by an electric field formed in the liquid crystal layer, and the response speed of the liquid crystal molecules is increased because the controlled photocuring layer controls the liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, the liquid crystal display of the present invention can reduce texture and improve video characteristics due to high speed driving. In addition, since the reactive mesogen RM has negative electrical properties, the photocured layers 35 and 36 may be formed by a low exposure voltage.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, a polymer of a vertical alignment component forming a main alignment layer, for example, an alkylated aromatic diamine-based single molecule constituting a diamine-based single molecule may have negative electrical properties. Can be. Vertically aligned polymers with negative electrical properties accelerate the movement of liquid crystal molecules controlled by an electric field. Therefore, the liquid crystal display having the same may have a fast response speed.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the single molecule forming the photocurable layer or the single molecule of the vertical alignment component forming the main alignment layer may have a positive electrode characteristic. The alignment film having positive electrode characteristics has the same effect as the alignment film having negative electrode characteristics described above.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the monomolecules forming the photocurable layer or the monomolecules of the vertical alignment component forming the main alignment layer may have negative or positive dielectric anisotropy. Negative or positive dielectric anisotropy can occur because it includes a material that is polarized by an electric field formed in the liquid crystal layer. The alignment film having negative or positive dielectric anisotropy has the same effect as the alignment film having the above-mentioned negative electrical properties.
Hereinafter, the characteristic of the liquid crystal display device which has the alignment film of the negative electrical characteristic manufactured by the above-mentioned method is demonstrated. An alignment film of negative electrical characteristics was formed by the surface alignment reactant 10 having a reactive mesogen (RM) to which fluorine atoms (F) were bonded.
In order to fabricate the liquid crystal display device, the surface alignment reactant 10 having a negative electric property is an alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecular molecule, which is about 49 mol% of tricyclohexyl dianhydride, and photoreactivity. Photo-reactive fluorinated diamine-based monomolecule, about 1 mol% of monomethacrylic fluorinated benzenediamine, and alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecular, about 15 mol% of aliphatic Mono-alkylated phenylcyclohexy benzenediamine, aromatic diamine monomolecular weight of about 30 mol% Terphenyl diamine, and aliphatic ring substituted aromatic About 4 mol% of Cholesteryl benzenediamine as a diamine-based monomolecule, and aromatic epoxid e) It was composed of about 1 mol% of Hexaepoxy Benzene derivative. The mole% of the components is mole% relative to the surface orientation reactant 10, and the solvent was not included in the component ratio of the surface orientation reactant 10.
The structure of the pixel PX of the liquid crystal display device is substantially the same as that of FIG. 3. The width of the fine branch 197 of the pixel electrode 191 was about 3 μm, and the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer 3 was about 3.6 μm. The exposure voltage was about 20 V, and the ultraviolet intensity of the electric field exposure process was about 6.55 J / cm 2. The illuminance of the ultraviolet rays applied to the fluorescent exposure process was about 0.15 mW / cm 2, and the irradiation time was about 40 minutes. The operation of the liquid crystal display device is driven by the charge sharing 1G1D driving described above with reference to FIG. 11.
According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal display device having the alignment layer having negative electrical characteristics had a good level of texture and exhibited good quality characteristics without texture generation even at a high speed of 240 Hz.
<Example 3>
The alignment layer of the liquid crystal display according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention has a rigid vertical alignment side chain. The rigid vertical alignment side chain is included in the main alignment layers 33 and 34 constituting the alignment layers 291 and 292. The main alignment film having a rigid vertical alignment side chain prevents the liquid crystal molecules from excessively pretilting near the alignment film. When the liquid crystal molecules have an excessive pretilt angle near the alignment layer, the liquid crystal display has poor light leakage in the black image, and the contrast ratio or the image quality clarity of the liquid crystal display is reduced. An alignment film having a rigid vertical alignment side chain manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention reduces the light leakage defect of the liquid crystal display and improves the image quality of the liquid crystal display.
The present embodiment is substantially different from the manufacturing method of the alignment film having the above-mentioned negative electrical properties in terms of the structure of the material constituting the surface alignment reactant 10 and the rigid vertical alignment component connected to the side chain. In addition, the ultraviolet intensity irradiated onto the liquid crystal panel assembly may be greater than in the methods of the SC-VA mode described above with reference to FIG. 6B. Since others except for the specific ones of this embodiment are substantially similar to the manufacturing method of the alignment film which has the above-mentioned negative electric property, the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted or abbreviate | omitted for convenience of description in the following description. However, the features of the present embodiment, that is, the materials constituting the surface alignment reactant 10, the structure of the vertical alignment component, and the ultraviolet intensity irradiated to the liquid crystal panel assembly are described in detail.
Hereinafter, a process of forming the alignment layer having a rigid vertical alignment component will be described in detail. As described above, the surface alignment reactant 10 having a rigid vertical alignment component is applied on the pixel electrode 191 and the common electrode 270.
The surface alignment reactant 10 having a rigid vertical alignment component is a compound in which a photocuring agent having a photoreactive monomolecule and a material having a rigid vertical alignment component and forming a main alignment layer are chemically bonded. The photocuring agent is at least one selected from the above-described photoreactive polymer, reactive mesogen (RM), photopolymerization material, photoisomerization material, and a compound or mixture thereof, and is cured to form the photocuring layers 35 and 36. The photocuring agent may also be bonded to the side chain of the material forming the main alignment layer. As described above, the material forming the main alignment layer is a vertical alignment material that orients the liquid crystal molecules 31 in a direction perpendicular to the planes of the substrates 110 and 210 or the pixel electrode 191. The material forming the main alignment layer according to the present invention may be a compound of an alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecule and an alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecule described below. Alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecules have a vertical orientation and may have a plate-like cyclic ring bonded to benzene. The material forming the main alignment layer may include an aromatic diamine-based single molecule or a crosslinker. In addition, the material forming the main alignment layer may be the surface main alignment material 32a described above.
Hereinafter, the surface-oriented reactant 10 having side chains of rigid vertically oriented components is described in detail. The surface alignment reactant 10 forming the alignment layer of the rigid vertically oriented side chain is a dianhydride monomer, such as an alicyclic dianhydride monomer, and a photoreactive diamine. diamine based monomers such as reactive diamine based monomers, alkylated aromatic diamine based monomers and aromatic diamine based monomers, and aromatic epoxide based monomers. It may be a polymer including a crosslinker such as a molecule.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the surface alignment reactant 10 having the side chain of the rigid vertical alignment component is a mixture of a polyimide compound and a crosslinking agent. Polyimide (PI) -based compounds are compounds in which dianhydride-based monomers and diamine-based single molecules are chemically bonded. As described above, the polyimide (PI) -based compound may be prepared by imidization of monohydric monomolecules and single molecules contained in diamine monomolecules. Monomolecules constituting diamine monomolecules, that is, photo-reactive diamine monomolecules, alkylated aromatic diamine monomolecules and aromatic diamine monolayers The molecules are mixed before the imidization reaction.
The surface alignment reactant 10 forming the alignment layer of the rigid vertical alignment side chain may be about 38 mol% to about 48 mol%, and more preferably about 43 mol% alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecule. And, about 5 mol% to about 11.5 mol%, more preferably about 8.5 mol% of photo-reactive diamine-based single molecules, about 3.5 mol% to about 9.5 mol%, More preferably, about 6.5 mol% of alkylated aromatic diamine based monomolecules, and about 23 mol% to about 33 mol%, and more preferably about 28 mol% of aromatic diamine based It is composed of a single molecule and an aromatic epoxide-based single molecule, which may be about 11 mol% to about 17 mol%, and more preferably about 14 mol%. The mole% composition ratio of the surface orientation reactant 10 is mole% excluding the solvent.
Alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecules allow the polymers contained in the surface alignment reactant 10 to dissolve well in the solvent, and electro-optic properties of the alignment layer, for example, voltage holding ratio (VHR). Increase the residual DC (RDC, Residual Direct Current) precancer. The chemical structure of the alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecule may be a cyclobutyl dianhydride monomolecule represented by the following structural formula XVI-RCA.
Structural Formula XVI-RCA
The photo-reactive diamine-based monomolecule includes reactive mesogen (RM) and is cured by ultraviolet light to form photocurable layers 35 and 36. In addition, the photo-reactive fluorinated diamine-based single molecule serves to determine the pretilt of the photocurable layers 35 and 36 and the pretilt of liquid crystal molecules close to the photocurable layers 35 and 36. The chemical structure of a photo-reactive fluorinated diamine-based single molecule may be a single molecule represented by the following structural formula XVI-RC or XVI-RA, and more specifically, the structural formulas XVI-RC1, XVI-RC2, XVI It may be a single molecule represented by -RC3, XVI-RC4, XVI-RA1, XVI-RA2, XVI-RA3, XVI-RA4, XVI-RA5 or XVI-RA6.
Structural Formula XVI-RC
Here, XRC may be any one of alkyl (Alkyl), ether (Ether), ester (Ester), phenyl (Phenyl), cyclohexyl (Cyclohexyl), or phenyl ester (Ester-phenyl). YRC may be any one of alkyl (Alkyl), phenyl (Phenyl), biphenyl (Biphenyl), cyclohexyl (Cyclohexyl), bicyclohexyl, or phenylcyclohexyl (phenyl-cyclohexyl).
Structural Formula XVI-RA
ZRA is alkyl (Alkyl Ether) nO), alkyl ester (Alkyl Ester), alkyl phenyl ester (Alkyl Phenyl Ester), alkyl phenyl ether (Alkyl Phenyl Ether), alkyl biphenyl ester (Alkyl Biphenyl Ester) ), Alkyl biphenyl ether, phenyl ether, phenyl ether alkyl, biphenyl ether, biphenyl ether alkyl, cyclohexyl alkyl ( It may be any one of cyclohexyl alkyl, bicyclohexyl alkyl, or cyclohexyl alkyl ester.
Structural Formula XVI-RC1
Structural Formula XVI-RC2
Structural Formula XVI-RC3
Structural Formula XVI-RC4
Structural Formula XVI-RA1
Structural Formula XVI-RA2
Structural Formula XVI-RA3
Structural Formula XVI-RA4
Structural Formula XVI-RA5
Structural Formula XVI-RA6
The photo-reactive diamine-based monomolecule may be a decyl cinnamoyl benzenediamine monomolecule or a mono-methacrylic benzenediamine monomolecule. Decyl cinnamoyl benzenediamine monomolecules mix decyl cinnamoyl phenol intermediates with diamino benzoyl chloride derivatives in polar solvents and esterify these mixtures. Can be prepared by reaction. Decyl cinnamoyl phenol intermediates are prepared by mixing hydroxy benzene cinnamoyl chloride and Decyl alcohol in a polar solvent and esterifying the mixture. Can be. Mono-methacrylic benzenediamine monomolecules mix hydroxy alkyl benzenediamine derivatives and methacrylic chlorides in polar solvents and esterify the mixture It can be prepared by.
Alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecule is a single component of the vertical alignment component. The cyclic ring bonded to benzene makes the vertical orientation rigid. The liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the alkylated aromatic diamine-based molecules align vertically. The cyclic ring may be a plate-shaped molecule. The chemical structure of alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecules is either octadecyl cyclohexyl benzenediamine represented by the formula XVIII-RCA1 or alkylated aliphatic aromatic substituted benzenediamine represented by the formula XVIII-RCA2. substituted aliphatic aromatic benzenediamine).
Structural Formula XVIII-RCA1
Structural Formula XVIII-RCA2
Here, XR2 may be ether or ester. YR2 may be Ether. n2 may be 10-20. a2 and b2 may be 0 to 3, and both a2 and b2 are not zero.
The octadecyl cyclohexyl benzenediamine monomolecule mixes the octadecyl cyclohexanol intermediate and the diamino benzoyl chloride derivative in a polar solvent and esterifies the mixture. Reaction). Octadecyl cyclohexanol intermediate is a mixture of bromooctadecane and cyclohexanediol in a polar solvent, in which the hydroxyl group of the cyclohexane diol is broken into bromooctadecane bromine. The mosquito can be prepared by a nucleophilic attack, leaving the bromo group.
The aromatic diamine-based monomolecule allows the polymer contained in the surface alignment reactant 10 to be well dissolved in the solvent. The chemical structure of the aromatic diamine-based single molecule may be diphenyl diamine represented by Structural Formula VI-RCA.
Structural Formula VI-RCA
Here, X may be an aliphatic compound.
Aromatic epoxide-based monomolecules form a crosslinked structure to improve thermal stability and chemical resistance. The chemical structure of the aromatic epoxide-based monomolecule may be an epoxy benzene derivative represented by Structural Formula XIII-RCA.
Structural Formula XIII-RCA
The photoinitiator described above may be added to the surface orientation reactant 10. The surface-oriented reactant 10 having the rigid vertical alignment component may not have a polymer having negative-electrode characteristics, unlike the surface-aligned reactant 10 having the negative electrical characteristics.
The surface orientation reactant 10 with the applied rigid vertical alignment component is first heated by the method described above. Alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecules of the reactive mesogen (RM) component constituting the photoreactive diamine system constituting the surface alignment reactant 10 and the vertical alignment component forming the main alignment layer while being primarily heated are perpendicular to the underlying layer. Sorted by. The surface orientation reactant 10 during primary heating may not have a phase separation phenomenon as described above with respect to FIG. 8C.
The primary heated surface orientation reactant 10 is secondary heated by the methods described above. The solvent of the surface-oriented reactant 10 is evaporated by secondary heating. In secondary heating, side chains of reactive mesogen (RM) may be formed at the surface of the surface-oriented reactant 10. After secondary heating, the surface-oriented reactant 10 is washed and dried by the above-described method.
After drying, a sealing material is formed by the methods described above. The seal can be cured in ultraviolet light at a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 400 nm, or at a wavelength of about 400 nm or more, as described above. Subsequently, an upper common voltage application point (not shown) and a liquid crystal layer are formed by the aforementioned methods, and the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 are bonded to each other. The seal is cured by light or heat as described above.
The bonded display panel is annealed by the above-described methods, and is supplied with a voltage by a DC voltage supply or a multi-stage voltage supply.
While the liquid crystal molecules and the reactive mesogens (RM) are arranged at a predetermined inclination angle by the supplied voltage, the electric field exposure process is performed by the above-described method on the liquid crystal panel assembly bonded. Unlike the method of forming an alignment layer having negative electrical properties, the reactive mesogen RM may interact with the liquid crystal molecules and be arranged at a predetermined inclination angle. The liquid crystal panel assembly having a rigid vertical alignment component according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be irradiated with ultraviolet rays having an intensity greater than that of the above-described ultraviolet rays. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the intensity of ultraviolet rays irradiated to the liquid crystal panel assembly while the electric field is formed in the liquid crystal layer may be about 6J / cm 2 to 17 5J / cm 2, more preferably about 12J / cm 2. have. The reactive mesogen RM is cured by light to form photocuring layers 35 and 36 on the main alignment layer, and the photocuring layers 35 and 36 have a pretilt angle as described above. However, since the main alignment layer according to the present invention has a rigid vertical alignment component, the pretilt angles of the photocured layers 35 and 36 may be small. If the pretilt angles of the photocuring layers 35 and 36 are small, light leakage is reduced in the black image, and thus the image quality of the liquid crystal display is improved and the contrast ratio is increased.
Thereafter, the fluorescence exposure process as described above may proceed.
In this way, the surface alignment reactant 10 having the rigid vertical alignment component forms an alignment layer, and the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 is manufactured. An alignment film having a rigid vertical alignment side chain manufactured according to the present invention can reduce black leakage defects of the liquid crystal display.
According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device having alignment layers 291 and 292 including main alignment layers 33 and 34 having rigid vertical alignment side chains is manufactured. The surface-oriented reactant 10 of the rigid vertically oriented side chain is an alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecular molecule, about 43 mol% of cyclobutyl dianhydride, and photo-reactive. About 8.5 mol% of mono-methacrylic benzenediamine as a diamine monomolecule and about 6.5 mol% octadecyl cyclohexyl benzenediamine as an alkylated aromatic diamine monomolecular unit cyclohexyl benzenediamine, about 28 mol% diphenyl diamine as an aromatic diamine based molecule, and about 14 mol% epoxy benzene derivative as an aromatic epoxide monomer benzene derivative). The mole% of each component is mole% with respect to the surface orientation reactant 10, and the solvent was not included in the component ratio of the surface orientation reactant 10.
The liquid crystal panel assembly was manufactured according to the method described above. The structure of the pixel PX of the liquid crystal display device is substantially similar to that of FIG. 3. The cell spacing of the liquid crystal layer 3 was about 3.6 μm, the width of the minute branches 197 of the pixel electrode 191 was 3 μm, and the exposure voltages were about 7.5V, 10V, 20V, 30V, and 40V by DC voltage supply. The ultraviolet intensity of the electric field exposure step was about 7J / cm 2, 9J / cm 2, 11J / cm 2, 12J / cm 2, and 15J / cm 2. The operation of the liquid crystal display manufactured as described above was operated by the charge sharing type 1G1D driving described above with reference to FIG. 11.
The response speed of the liquid crystal display device manufactured as described above was about 0.01 seconds to about 0.014 seconds, and the afterimage of black was good at about 2 levels.
<Example 4>
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the surface alignment reactant 10 forming the alignment layer has a compound in which a photocuring agent and a crosslinking agent are combined. Since the surface alignment reactant 10 is formed in a state in which the photocuring agent is combined with the crosslinking agent, the uncured photocuring agent generated in the process of manufacturing the liquid crystal panel assembly is reduced. The uncured photocuring agent increases residual DC in the liquid crystal display and generates afterimage defects. According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the alignment layer manufactured by the surface alignment reactant 10 having the compound in which the photocuring agent and the crosslinking agent are combined reduces the afterimage of the liquid crystal display.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a liquid crystal having the materials constituting the surface alignment reactant 10 and the alignment films 191 and 292 having the above-mentioned negative electrical properties except that the crosslinking agent combined with the photocuring agent is combined with the side chain of the main alignment layer. It is substantially similar to the method of manufacturing the display panel assembly. Duplicate descriptions will be briefly described or omitted herein for the convenience of description.
Below. The process of forming the alignment layer with the compound in which the photocuring agent and the crosslinking agent are combined is described in detail. The surface alignment reactant 10 having the compound in which the photocuring agent and the crosslinking agent are combined is coated on the lower panel 100 having the pixel electrode 191 and the upper panel 200 having the common electrode 270 by the aforementioned methods. do.
The compound in which the photocuring agent and the crosslinking agent are combined is mixed with the material forming the main alignment layer to form the surface alignment reactant 10. The photocuring agent is chemically bonded to the crosslinking agent, thereby reducing the generation of ionic impurities. The photocuring agent may be the above-described photoreactive polymer, reactive mesogen (RM), photocuring agent, photopolymerization material or photoisomerization material and forms a photocuring layer. The material forming the main alignment layer may be the material described above, and the liquid crystal molecules 31 are aligned in a direction perpendicular to the planes of the substrates 110 and 210 or the pixel electrode 191.
Hereinafter, the material of the surface-oriented reactant 10 having a compound combined with a photocuring agent and a crosslinking agent will be described in detail. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the surface alignment reactant 10 having a compound combined with a photocuring agent and a crosslinking agent is a mixture of a polyimide (PI) -based compound and a crosslinking agent. Polyimide (PI) -based compounds are compounds in which dianhydride-based monomers and diamine-based single molecules are chemically bonded. As described above, the polyimide (PI) -based compound may be prepared by imidization of monohydric monomolecules and single molecules contained in diamine monomolecules. Single molecules constituting the diamine-based monomolecules, that is, alkylated aromatic diamine-based single molecules and aromatic diamine-based single molecules are mixed before the imidization reaction.
According to one embodiment of the invention the photocuring agent is reactive mesogen (RM). Therefore, the surface orientation reactant 10 having a compound combined with a reactive mesogen (RM) and a crosslinking agent is a dianhydride monomer such as an alicyclic dianhydride monomer, and an alkylated aromatic compound. Crosslinkers such as diamine monomolecules such as alkylated aromatic diamine monomolecules and aromatic diamine monomolecules, and aromatic acryl-epoxide monomolecules. It may be a polymer (Polymer) containing. According to an embodiment of the present invention, an aromatic acryl-epoxide-based single molecule is a compound in which a reactive mesogen (RM) and a crosslinking agent are combined.
The surface alignment reactant 10 having a compound combined with a reactive mesogen (RM) and a crosslinking agent may be about 31 mol% to about 41 mol%, and more preferably about 36 mol% of an alicyclic dianhydride system. Single molecule, about 3 mol% to about 9 mol%, more preferably about 6 mol% alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecule, about 25 mol% to about 35 mol%, more preferably Preferably, about 30 mol% of aromatic diamine based monomolecules and about 23 mol% to about 33 mol%, and more preferably about 28 mol% aromatic acryl-epoxide based monomolecules. It consists of. The mole% composition ratio of the surface orientation reactant 10 is mole% excluding the solvent.
Alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecules allow the polymers contained in the surface alignment reactant 10 to dissolve well in the solvent, and electro-optic properties of the alignment layer, for example, voltage holding ratio (VHR). To increase the residual DC (RDC) voltage. The chemical structure of the alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecule may be a cyclobutyl dianhydride monomolecule represented by the above-described structural formula XVI-RCA.
Alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecule is a single component of the vertical alignment component. The cyclic ring bonded to benzene makes the vertical orientation rigid. The cyclic ring may be a plate-shaped molecule. The chemical structure of alkylated aromatic diamine-based monomolecules is either octadecyl cyclohexyl benzenediamine or alkylated aliphatic aromatic substituted benzenediamine represented by the above-mentioned formula XVIII-RCA1 or XVIII-RCA2. aliphatic aromatic benzenediamine).
The aromatic diamine-based monomolecule allows the polymer contained in the surface alignment reactant 10 to be well dissolved in the solvent. The chemical structure of the aromatic diamine-based single molecule may be diphenyl diamine represented by the above-described structural formula VI-RCA.
Aromatic acryl-epoxide-based monomolecules form a crosslinked structure to improve thermal stability and chemical resistance, and are cured by ultraviolet rays to form a photoforming layer having a pretilt angle. An aromatic acryl-epoxide-based single molecule is a compound in which an epoxy molecule as a crosslinking agent and an acrylate molecule as a photocuring agent are chemically bonded. Since the photocuring agent is combined with the crosslinking agent, the generation of ionic impurities can be reduced. The chemical structure of the aromatic acryl-epoxide-based monomolecule may be an acryl-epoxy hybrid benzene derivative represented by Structural Formula XIII-C.
Structural Formula XIII-C
Here, YC may be a phenyl derivative.
Acryl-epoxy hybrid benzene derivatives are a mixture of epoxy substituted phenol derivatives and methacrylic chlorides in polar solvents and the esterification reaction of these mixtures. Can be prepared by
The photoinitiator described above may be added to the surface orientation reactant 10. The surface alignment reactant 10 having the compound in which the photocuring agent and the crosslinking agent are combined may not have a polymer having negative electrical properties, unlike the surface alignment reactant 10 having negative electrostatic properties.
After application, the surface-oriented reactant 10 having the compound bound to the reactive mesogen (RM) and the crosslinking agent is first heated by the method described above. The monomolecules of the vertical alignment component forming the main alignment layer with the reactive mesogen (RM) component during the first heating are aligned perpendicular to the lower layer. The surface-oriented reactant 10 having the compound associated with the reactive mesogen (RM) and the crosslinking agent during the primary heating may not have a phase separation phenomenon as described above with respect to FIG. 8C.
The primary heated surface orientation reactant 10 is secondary heated by the method described above. By the second heating, the solvent of the surface orientation reactant 10 is evaporated. In addition, the crosslinking agent combined with the reactive mesogen (RM) is bonded to the side chain of the polymer forming the main alignment layer. Accordingly, side chains of the reactive mesogen (RM) are formed at the surface of the surface-oriented reactant 10.
After secondary heating, the surface-oriented reactant 10 is dried after washing by the method described above. After drying, a sealing material is formed by the methods described above. The seal can be cured in ultraviolet light at a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 400 nm or at a wavelength of about 400 nm or more, as described above. Subsequently, an upper common voltage application point (not shown) and a liquid crystal layer are formed by the aforementioned methods, and the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 are bonded to each other. The seal is cured by light or heat as described above.
The bonded display panel is annealed by the above-described methods, and is supplied with a voltage by a DC voltage supply or a multi-stage voltage supply. The process of forming an electric field in the liquid crystal layer is substantially similar to that described above. The vertically aligned mesogen RM is arranged to be inclined in an electric field by interaction with liquid crystal molecules, unlike a method of forming an alignment layer having negative electrical characteristics. While the liquid crystal molecules and the reactive mesogens (RM) are arranged at a predetermined inclination angle by the supplied voltage, the electric field exposure process is performed by the above-described method on the liquid crystal panel assembly bonded. The light cures an acrylate reactor of reactive mesogen (RM) to form a network between the reactive mesogen (RM) single molecules. The reactive mesogen (RM) formed of the network has a pretilt angle and forms photocurable layers 35 and 36 on the main alignment layer. Since the photocuring agent according to the present invention, that is, reactive mesogen (RM) is combined with a crosslinking agent, the uncured reactive mesogen (RM) is very small. In addition, the generation of ionic impurities is reduced. Since the ionic impurities are small and the residual DC is small, the afterimage of the liquid crystal display may be improved.
Thereafter, the fluorescent exposure process as described above may be performed.
In this way, the surface alignment reactant 10 having the compound in which the reactive mesogen (RM) and the crosslinking agent are combined to form an alignment layer, and the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 is manufactured. According to the present invention, the alignment layer manufactured by the compound combined with the crosslinking agent may reduce the afterimage defect of the liquid crystal display.
According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, alignment layers 291 and 292 formed by the surface alignment reactant 10 having a compound bonded with a reactive mesogen (RM) and a crosslinking agent are manufactured, and a liquid crystal display device having the same is manufactured. It became. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the surface alignment reactant (10) formed of an alignment layer is an alicyclic dianhydride-based monomolecule of about 36 mol% of cyclobutyl dianhydride and an alkylated aromatic diamine. about 6 mol% of octadecyl cyclohexyl benzenediamine as alkylated aromatic diamine based monomer, about 30 mol% diphenyl diamine as an aromatic diamine based monomer, And aromatic acryl-epoxide-based monomolecules, and composed of about 28 mol% of an acryl-epoxy hybrid benzene derivative. The mole% of each component is mole% with respect to the surface orientation reactant 10, and the solvent was not included in the component ratio of the surface orientation reactant 10.
The liquid crystal panel assembly was manufactured according to the method described above. The structure of the pixel PX of the liquid crystal display device is substantially similar to that of FIG. 3. The cell spacing of the liquid crystal layer 3 was about 3.6 μm, the width of the fine branch 197 of the pixel electrode 191 was 3 μm, and the exposure voltage was about 30 V, about 40 V, and about 50 V by DC voltage supply. The ultraviolet intensity of the exposure step was about 9J / cm 2, about 12J / cm 2, and 17J / cm 2. The operation of the liquid crystal display manufactured as described above was operated by the charge sharing type 1G1D driving described above with reference to FIG. 11.
The liquid crystal display device thus manufactured was operated for about 336 hours, and the afterimage was good at about 2 or less levels.
Example 5
According to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the surface alignment reactant 10 forming the alignment layer has a compound in which an inorganic material and a photocuring agent are combined. That is, the surface alignment reactant 10 composed of the inorganic material combined with the photocuring agent forms an alignment layer.
The inorganic material forming the alignment layer, unlike the organic material, does not adsorb with ionic impurities in the liquid crystal, has a small change in physical properties, and does not oxidize or generate ionic impurities at a high temperature. The formed alignment film has a small change in physical properties, has a stable pretilt angle photocurable layer, and also reduces afterimages and stains of the liquid crystal display device and does not lower the voltage retention even during long time operation. In addition, since the inorganic material may form the alignment layer even at a low temperature process, various materials constituting the lower layer of the alignment layer may be selected. The inorganic material may be orthosilicate monomolecule or siloxane monomolecule. The alignment film formed of the organic material has a low voltage retention because the large amount of carboxyl groups, which have not been imidized, is adsorbed with the ionic impurities in the liquid crystal layer. Generate DC voltage. Here, imidation means thermal dehydration of the polyamic acid which polycondensed the dianhydride type and aromatic diamine.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal panel assembly having the alignment layers 191 and 292 having the above-mentioned negative electric characteristics, except for the material constituting the surface alignment reactant 10 and the secondary heating forming the main alignment layer. Are substantially similar. Duplicate descriptions will be briefly described or omitted herein for the convenience of description.
Below. The surface alignment reactant 10 having the compound in which the inorganic material and the photocuring agent are combined may have the lower panel 100 having the pixel electrode 191 and the upper panel 200 having the common electrode 270 by the aforementioned methods. Is applied on top. The inorganic material and the photocuring agent may be chemically combined. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the surface-oriented reactant 10 may be deposited on the pixel electrode 191 and the common electrode 270 by vapor deposition, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
Hereinafter, the material of the surface orientation reactant 10 having the compound in which the inorganic material and the photocuring agent are combined will be described in detail. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the surface-aligned reactant 10 having a compound in which an inorganic material and a photocuring agent are combined is an alkyl alcohol contained in an orthosilicate monomolecule and an alkoxide monomolecule. It is a compound in which (alkyl alcohol) monomolecule and vinyl alcohol monomolecule are chemically bonded. The surface-oriented reactant 10 mixes orthosilicate monomolecules, alkyl alcohols and vinyl alcohol monomolecules in a polar solvent, and mixes the mixture with an acid or a base. When stirred with water (H 2 O) consisting of a catalyst, the hydroxy groups of alkyl alcohol and vinyl alcohol monomolecules are subjected to a nucleophilic attack of silicon atoms of orthosilicates. ) Can be produced by rising.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic material is an orthosilicate based molecule. Accordingly, the surface orientation reactant 10 having the compound in which the inorganic material and the photocuring agent are combined includes about 30 mol% to about 60 mol%, more preferably about 44 mol% orthosilicate monomolecule and photocuring agent. It may be a polymer composed of about 40 mol% to about 70 mol%, more preferably about 56 mol% of an alkoxide-based single molecule. The orthosilicate based single molecule may be a tetraalkoxy orthosilicate single molecule. Alkoxide-based monomolecules are about 1 mol% to about 10 mol%, more preferably about 6 mol% alkyl alcohol monomolecules and about 40 mol% to about 60 mol%, more preferably about 50 mol% It may be composed of a single molecule containing a photocuring agent of. Each mole% composition ratio of the surface orientation reactant 10 is mole% in the surface orientation reactant 10 excluding the solvent. The monomolecule including the photocuring agent according to the present invention is at least selected from vinyl alcohol-based monomolecule, acryl-based monomolecule, cinnamoyl-based monomolecule and mixtures or compounds thereof. It may be one substance.
The orthosilicate monomolecules form the main chain of the main alignment layer, and the single molecules included in the surface alignment reactant 10 are well dissolved in the solvent, and the electro-optic properties of the alignment layer, for example, voltage retention ( Increase the VHR (voltage holding ratio). The orthosilicate single molecule according to the embodiment of the present invention may be a tetraalkoxy orthosilicate single molecule. The chemical structure of the tetraalkoxy orthosilicate monomolecule is represented by the tetraethyl orthosilicate monomolecule, alkyl monoalkyl or hydroxyl monomolecular group represented by the following structural formula XⅨ-T1. It can be a molecule.
Structural Formula XⅨ-T1
The orthosilicate single molecule according to the present invention may be a polysiloxane polymer prepared by polymerizing silane compounds or by polymerizing alkoxy silane compounds.
Alkyl alcohol-based monomolecules are monomolecules of the vertical alignment component connected to the side chain of the orthosilicate polymer forming the main chain. Therefore, the alkyl alcohol-based monomolecule may include a long alkyl polymer. The chemical structure of an alkyl alcohol-based monomolecular molecule is a dodecanol single molecule represented by the following structural formula XⅨ-A1, a cholesteric group single molecule represented by the structural formula X 구조 -A2, and a structural formula XVII- It may be an alkylated alicylic monomolecule represented by A3, an alkylated aromatic monomolecule represented by the structural formula X′-A4, or an alkyl monomolecule represented by Ax.
Structural Formula XⅨ-A1
Structural Formula XⅨ-A2
Structural Formula XⅨ-A3
Structural Formula XⅨ-A4
The vinyl alcohol-based monomolecule is a vinyl-based monomolecule and cured by ultraviolet rays to form a photocurable layer having a pretilt angle. Vinyl alcohol-based monomolecules are linked to the side chains of orthosilicate polymers that make up the main chain. The chemical structure of a vinyl alcohol-based monomolecule is a hydroxyalkyl acrylate monomolecule represented by the formula XⅨ-V1 or an alkylated vinyl monomolecule represented by the formula XⅨ-V2. Can be.
Structural Formula XⅨ-V1
Structural Formula XⅨ-V2
Here, XV may be alkyl, ether or ester, and YV may be methyl or hydrogen. Cinnamoyl-based monomolecules are connected to the side chains of orthosilicate polymers forming the main chain, and are cured by ultraviolet rays to form a photocurable layer having a pretilt angle. Hydroxyalkyl acrylate monomolecules can be prepared by mixing alkanediol and acrylic chloride in a polar solvent and esterifying the mixture.
The chemical structure of a cinnamoyl single molecule may be an alkylated cinnamoyl single molecule represented by the structural formula X′-C1.
Structural Formula XⅨ-C1
Here, XC may be any one of alkyl (Alkyl), ether (Ether), ester (Ester), phenyl (Phenyl), cyclohexyl (Cyclohexyl), or phenyl ester (Ester-phenyl). YC may be any one of alkyl (Alkyl), phenyl (Phenyl), biphenyl (Biphenyl), cyclohexyl (Cyclohexyl), bicyclohexyl, or phenylcyclohexyl (phenyl-cyclohexyl). The photocuring agent may be the above-described photoreactive polymer, reactive mesogen (RM), photocuring agent, photopolymerization material or photoisomerization material. The photoinitiator described above may be added to the surface alignment reactant 10 having a compound in which an inorganic material and a photocuring agent are combined.
The surface-oriented reactant 10 having the compound in which the applied inorganic substance and the photocuring agent are combined is first heated by the above-described method. The photocuring agent which forms the photocuring layers 35 and 36 and alkyl alcohol-based molecules of the vertical alignment component connected to the side chain of the orthosilicate single molecule while being first heated is perpendicular to the underlying film. Aligned. The surface orientation reactant 10 having the compound in which the inorganic material and the photocuring agent are bound during the primary heating may not have a phase separation phenomenon as described above with reference to FIG. 8C.
The primary heated surface orientation reactant 10 is secondary heated at a temperature below the secondary heating temperature described above, ie from about 150 ° C. to about 200 ° C., more preferably about 180 ° C. Secondary heating may proceed for about 1000 seconds to about 1400 seconds, more preferably about 1200 seconds. Since the secondary heating temperature is low, the material constituting the lower film of the surface orientation reactant 10 can be widely selected. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the color filter material formed under the surface orientation reactant 10 may be a dye processable at low temperatures. During the secondary heating, the solvent of the surface-oriented reactant 10 is evaporated, and the orthosilicate monomolecules constituting the main chain and the alkyl alcohol monomolecules of the vertical alignment component connected to the side chains form a main alignment layer. Form. Since the main alignment layer formed by the surface alignment reactant 10 having a compound in which an inorganic material and a photocuring agent are combined does not adsorb ionic impurities, and does not oxidize or generate ionic impurities at high temperature, Reduces afterimages and stains and increases voltage retention.
After the secondary heating, the surface-oriented reactant 10 having the compound in which the inorganic material and the photocuring agent are combined is washed and dried by the above-described method. The surface orientation reactant 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention does not deteriorate the properties of the material by a process such as cleaning or drying.
After drying, a sealing material is formed by the methods described above. The seal can be cured in ultraviolet light at a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 400 nm or at a wavelength of about 400 nm or more, as described above. Next, a top plate common voltage application point (not shown) and a liquid crystal layer are formed by the above-described methods, and the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 are bonded to each other. The seal is cured by light or heat as described above.
The bonded display panel is annealed by the above-described methods, and is supplied with a voltage by a DC voltage supply or a multi-stage voltage supply. The process of forming an electric field in the liquid crystal layer is substantially similar to that described above. Vertically aligned photocuring agents or reactive mesogens (RM) are arranged obliquely in an electric field by interaction with liquid crystal molecules, unlike a method of forming an alignment film having negative electrical properties. While the liquid crystal molecules and the reactive mesogens (RM) are arranged at a predetermined inclination angle by the supplied voltage, the electric field exposure process is performed by the above-described method on the liquid crystal panel assembly bonded. The ultraviolet intensity of the field exposure process may be about 6J / cm 2 to 20J / cm 2, and more preferably about 12J / cm 2.
The light cures an acrylate reactor of reactive mesogen (RM) to form a network between the reactive mesogen (RM) single molecules. The reactive mesogen (RM) formed of the network forms photocurable layers 35 and 36 having a pretilt angle on the main alignment layer. The main alignment film and the photocured layer formed in the previous step constitute the alignment film. Since the photocurable layer formed by the surface orientation reactant 10 having the compound in which the inorganic material and the photocuring agent are combined is excellent in reliability and stability because it is combined with the inorganic material.
Thereafter, the fluorescent exposure process as described above may be performed.
In this way, the surface alignment reactant 10 having the compound in which the inorganic material and the photocuring agent are combined forms an alignment layer composed of the main alignment layers 33 and 34 and the photocuring layers 35 and 36, and has a liquid crystal display panel having the same. Assembly 300 is manufactured.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the alignment layer formed by the surface orientation reactant 10 having a compound in which an inorganic material and a photocuring agent are combined has a photocurable layer having a stable pretilt angle, and the heat resistance, long-term reliability, chemical resistance and uniformity of the alignment layer. The castle is excellent. In addition, since the surface alignment reactant 10 having the compound in which the inorganic material and the photocuring agent are combined has a good electrostatic scavenging property, an additional process may not be required, thereby shortening the manufacturing time of the liquid crystal display.
According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, alignment layers 291 and 292 formed by the surface alignment reactant 10 having a compound in which an inorganic material and a photocuring agent are combined are manufactured, and a liquid crystal display having the same is manufactured. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the surface alignment reactant (10) formed as an alignment layer is tetraalkoxy orthosilicate monomolecular molecule, about 44 mol% of tetraalkoxy orthosilicate monomolecule, and alkyl alcohol ( It was composed of about 6 mol% of dodecanol single molecule as alkyl alcohol-based monomolecule and about 50 mol% of hydroxyalkyl acrylate single molecule as vinyl alcohol-based monomolecular. The mole percent of each component is the mole percent relative to the surface orientation reactant 10 excluding the solvent.
The liquid crystal panel assembly was manufactured according to the method described above. The structure of the pixel PX of the liquid crystal display device is substantially similar to that of FIG. 3. The cell spacing of the liquid crystal layer 3 was about 3.6 μm, the width of the fine branch 197 of the pixel electrode 191 was 3 μm, and the exposure voltage was about 20 V or about 24 V by DC voltage supply. Ultraviolet intensity was about 5 J / cm 2, about 10 J / cm 2, and about 20 J / cm 2. The operation of the liquid crystal display manufactured as described above was operated by the charge sharing type 1G1D driving described above with reference to FIG. 11.
In the liquid crystal display device manufactured as described above, the voltage retention was about 90.5% or more, the ion density was about 5 pC / cm 2 or less, and the black afterimage was good at about 2.5 at 168 hours of operation.
The sealant according to one embodiment of the present invention is cured in light of a wavelength of about 400 nm or more. By light with a wavelength of about 400 nm or more, since the sealant is cured and the photocuring agent present in the inner region of the lower or upper display panel is not cured, the edge stain defect occurring around the sealant is reduced. Since the sealing material that is cured in ultraviolet light having a wavelength of about 300 nm to about 400 nm is cured by light for curing the alignment film or the photocuring agent included in the liquid crystal, the photocuring agent around the sealing material cures when the sealing material is cured. Could have bad border stains. To improve this, the sealant and the photocuring agent needed to be cured in light of different wavelengths.
The sealant cured in light of wavelengths of about 400 nm or more according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied substantially similarly to the processes described above except for the material of the sealant and the method of curing the sealant. Therefore, detailed description overlapping with the above-described sealing material process is omitted for convenience of description, and the features of the present embodiment are described in detail.
Sealants cured in light of wavelengths greater than about 400 nm in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention are methods for manufacturing the liquid crystal panel assembly described above or below with reference to FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C, namely SVA mode, SC-VA mode. And a lower display panel or an upper display panel according to the polarization UV-VA mode. The applied sealant is cured at a wavelength of about 400 nm or more. Light having a wavelength of about 400 nm or more according to the present invention may be visible ray.
Since the sealing material according to the present invention is cured at a wavelength of about 400 nm or more, the photocuring agent that forms the alignment layer or is contained in the liquid crystal layer is not cured even when light irradiated to the sealing material deviates to the periphery of the sealing material. Thus, a shield mask, which was necessary to block the light irradiated to the sealant from escaping to the sealant perimeter, may not be needed. As a result, the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal panel assembly is simplified, and the liquid crystal display device may not have edge stain defects generated around the sealing material.
Hereinafter, the material of the sealing material which is cured at a wavelength of about 400 nm or more is described in detail. The sealant cured at a wavelength of about 400 nm or more includes a curing agent composed of an acrylic-epoxy hybrid resin, a resin composed of an acrylic resin and an epoxy resin, and a diamine ( a hardener, a coupling agent composed of silane, a photo initiator composed of an oxime ester, and a filler composed of silica and acrylic particles. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sealant cured at a wavelength of about 400 nm or more may have an oxime ester-based photoinitiator.
Acryl-epoxy hybrid resins, acrylic resins and epoxy resins form the main chain of the sealant and serve as prepolymers. The acrylic epoxy mixture resin (acryl-epoxy hybrid resin) may be diphenylpropyl acryl-epoxy hybrid resin represented by the following structural formula S-I, acrylic resin (acryl resin) is It may be a diphenylpropyl acryl resin represented by the formula S-II, and the epoxy resin is a diphenylpropyl epoxy hybrid resin represented by the following formula S-III Can be.
Structural Formula S-Ⅰ
Structural Formula S-II
Structural Formula S-III
Diamine reacts with epoxy resins to cure and reduce contamination of the sealant. Diamine may be octanedihydrazide, and may be represented by the following Chemical Formula S-IV.
Formula S-IV
Silane improves the adhesion of fillers, organics or inorganics. Silane may be trimethoxy oxiranylmethoxy propyl silane, and may be represented by the following structural formula S-V.
Structural Formula S-Ⅴ
Oxime esters are photopolymerization initiators that cure prepolymers. The oxime ester may be an acetyldiphenyl sulfide oxime ester (Ciba, IRGACURE OXE01, OXE02), and may be represented by the following structural formula S-VI. Oxime esters can be cured at wavelengths of about 400 nm or more, and can also be cured by visible light.
Structural Formula S-VI
Oxime ester according to another embodiment of the present invention may be represented by the following structural formula S-VII.
Structural Formula S-Ⅶ
Here, X may be any one of acetyldiphenyl sulfide, N-ethylcarbazole and methylphenonyl ethylcarbazole, each of which is represented by It may be represented by the structural formulas S-\-X1, S-\-X2 and S-\-X3. Y and Z may each be an alkyl group (CnH2n + 1). n may be an integer of 1-12. Z may also be phenyl.
Structural Formula S-Ⅶ-X1
Structural Formula S-Ⅶ-X2
Structural Formula S-Ⅶ-X3
Acrylic particles reduce the internal stress of the sealing material, increase the adhesive strength and prevent the liquid crystal dissolution of the resin. The acrylic particles may be an acrylic resin and may be represented by the following structural formula S-VII.
Structural Formula S-Ⅷ
Silica reduces the coefficient of thermal expansion and hygroscopicity of the sealant and increases the strength of the sealant. Silica may be silica dioxide (SiO 2).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sealing material cured in light having a wavelength of about 400 nm or more may be about 13 wt% to about 19 wt%, and more preferably about 16 wt% diphenylpropyl acryl-epoxy mixture resin (diphenylpropyl acryl- epoxy hybrid resin), about 39wt% to about 49wt%, more preferably about 44wt% diphenylpropyl acryl resin, about 2wt% to about 7wt%, more preferred Preferably about 4.5 wt% diphenylpropyl epoxy hybrid resin, about 2 wt% to about 6 wt%, more preferably about 4 wt% octanedihydrazide, and 0.75 wt% to about 1.75 wt%, more preferably about 1.25 wt% of trimethoxy oxiranylmethoxypropyl silane (trimethoxy [3- (oxiranylmethoxy) propyl] Silane), and about 0.75 wt% to about Acetyldiphenylsulfa, which may be 1.75 wt%, more preferably about 1.25 wt% 4-acetyldiphenyl sulfide oxime ester (Ciba, IRGACURE OXE01, OXE02), about 13 wt% to about 19 wt%, more preferably about 16 wt% silica dioxide (SiO 2), about 10 wt% To about 16 wt%, more preferably about 13 wt% of acrylic resin (acryl resin).
According to the present invention, the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal panel assembly including the sealing material which is cured in light having a wavelength of about 400 nm or more is simplified. In addition, the LCD may not have edge stain defects generated around the sealing material. In addition, the sealing material does not need to be formed away from the inner regions of the display panels 100 and 200 in order to reduce rim stains, and the sealing material can be formed in or near the inner regions of the display panels 100 and 200. Therefore, the width of the outer region of the liquid crystal display device may be about 0.3 mm to about 1.5 mm narrower than that of the conventional LCD.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a sealant that is cured in light having a wavelength of about 400 nm or more may include methods of manufacturing the liquid crystal panel assembly described above or below with reference to FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C, that is, SVA mode, SC-VA mode. And polarized UV-VA mode.
A liquid crystal panel assembly manufactured by lower and upper mother glass (not shown) display panels according to one embodiment of the present invention is described in detail. According to the present invention, since the exposure voltage is stably supplied to the mother substrate assembly including the plurality of liquid crystal panel assemblies, the production time of the liquid crystal panel assemblies is reduced, and mass production is possible.
The lower mother substrate display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention has a plurality of lower display panels 100, and the upper mother substrate display panel has a plurality of upper display panels 200. It will be readily understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the lower or upper parent substrate display panel may have different numbers of display panels depending on the size of the lower or upper display panel, respectively. The method of manufacturing one liquid crystal panel assembly except that one bonded mother substrate display panel has a plurality of liquid crystal panel assemblies is substantially the same as the method of manufacturing the SVA mode or SC-VA mode described above with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B. Similar to Therefore, in the description for manufacturing the liquid crystal panel assembly using the mother substrate display panel, the detailed description overlapping with the manufacturing method of the SVA mode or the SC-VA mode is omitted or briefly described for convenience of description, and has the characteristics of the present embodiment. The method is described in detail.
The lower mother substrate display panel having the plurality of lower display panels 100 and the upper mother substrate display panel having the plurality of upper display panels 200 are manufactured substantially similarly to the manufacturing method of the lower display panel 100 and the upper display panel 200 described above. do. 6A and 6B are manufactured by the manufacturing methods of the SVA mode or the SC-VA mode described above, and the bonded mother substrate display panel is annealed as described above. The bonded mother substrate display panel includes a lower mother substrate display panel and an upper mother substrate display panel, and includes a plurality of bonded liquid crystal display panels.
After annealing, the lower mother substrate display panel is partially cut at one or more sides of the bonded mother substrate display panel to apply exposure voltages to the pixel electrodes and the common electrodes of the plurality of bonded liquid crystal display panels. That is, the horizontal or vertical side of the lower mother substrate display panel is cut about 10 mm smaller than the size of the upper mother substrate display panel. Therefore, since the upper mother substrate display panel is about 10 mm larger than the lower mother substrate display panel, the common electrode layer formed on the upper mother substrate display panel is exposed. The exposed common electrode layer has a common voltage application trimming pattern and a pixel voltage application trimming pattern. The common voltage application trimming pattern and the pixel voltage application trimming pattern may be formed by a method such as laser trimming in the previous process. The common voltage application trimming pattern is connected to common electrodes of each of the liquid crystal panels bonded thereto. The pixel voltage application trimming pattern is connected to the pixel electrodes of each of the liquid crystal panels bonded thereto.
The exposure voltage, that is, the common voltage applied to the trimming patterns of the exposed common electrode layer, is applied to the common electrode voltage and the pixel voltage to the pixel voltage applied trimming pattern. The exposure voltage is supplied with the DC voltage supply or multistep voltage supply methods described above with respect to FIG. 6A. The applied exposure voltage is simultaneously supplied to the pixel electrodes and the common electrodes constituting the plurality of liquid crystal panels. Therefore, since the exposure voltage is applied to the trimming patterns of the mother substrate display panel connected to the pixel electrodes and the common electrodes of the plurality of liquid crystal panel assemblies, a simple and uniform exposure voltage may be applied to the plurality of liquid crystal panel assemblies. . Subsequently, methods of forming the precured photocurable layers 35 and 36 by irradiating ultraviolet rays to the liquid crystal panel assembly are performed. These methods are performed in the SVA mode or the SC-VA mode described above with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B. It is substantially similar to the manufacturing method. The completed liquid crystal panel assemblies are each separated from the parent substrate panel.
According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the image quality characteristics of the liquid crystal panel assemblies are uniform by supplying an exposure voltage to the mother substrate display panel, and the liquid crystal panel assemblies can be manufactured in large quantities in a short time.
In order to reduce deviations and signal delays of voltages input to the pixel electrodes and the common electrodes of the liquid crystal panel assemblies formed and bonded to the mother substrate display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention, the cut portions of the lower mother substrate display panel face each other. It can be two or more sides to look.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the pixel voltage application trimming pattern may be electrically connected to the pixel electrode at the same time as the process of forming the top common voltage application point by a conductor applied when the top common voltage application point is formed.
Polarized light
UV
-
VA
mode(
Polarized
Ultra
-
Violet
Vertical
-
Alignment
Mode
)
≪ Example 1 >
Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 having the polarized UV-VA mode will be described with reference to FIG. 6C. FIG. 6C illustrates a liquid crystal panel assembly 300 in polarized ultra-violet vertical alignment mode using the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 manufactured according to FIGS. 1 to 5a and 5b. Is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a). The method of manufacturing the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 of the polarized UV-VA mode is a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 of the above-described SVA mode and SC-VA mode except for the formation of the alignment layers 291 and 292. Similar to Therefore, duplicate or detailed descriptions except for the method of forming the alignment layers 291 and 292 are omitted for convenience of description and the difference between the polarization UV-VA modes will be described in detail. In addition, since the processes of forming the lower alignment layer 291 and the upper alignment layer 292 are substantially the same, a process of forming the lower alignment layer 291 will be described in detail in order to avoid overlapping descriptions.
The first steps, namely, manufacturing the lower panel 100 having the pixel electrode 191 and the upper panel 200 having the common electrode 270 in steps S310 and S320, refer to FIGS. 1 through 5A and 5B. Is substantially the same as described. The pixel electrode 191 and the common electrode 270 may not have the aforementioned fine branches or fine slits.
In the following steps (step S331 and step S332), a polarization alignment agent (not shown) is applied on the pixel electrode 191 and the common electrode 270, respectively, and then a vertical photoalignment material layer (not shown) and a polarization main alignment are formed by heat. The micro phase separation (MPS) is performed by a material layer (not shown), and after the polarized UV is irradiated to the microphase-separated polarization alignment reactants, the lower alignment layer 291 and the upper alignment layer (the upper alignment layer) 292. Hereinafter, the formation process of the lower plate alignment film 291 will be described in more detail.
The polarization alignment agent is composed of a vertical photoalignment material and a polarization main alignment material. The polarization alignment reactant is applied onto the electrodes 191 and 270 by a method such as inkjet or roll printing, and then fine phase separated by MPS by curing described below. Curing for fine phase separation (MPS) can proceed in two steps. First, a pre-bake process is performed for preheating, for example, at about 60-90 ° C., more preferably at 80 ° C. for about 1 to 5 minutes, more preferably about 2 to 3 minutes. After removal of the solvent, the next post-heating, for example about 200 ° C to 240 ° C. More preferably, a post-bake process is performed at about 220 ° C. for about 10 to 60 minutes, more preferably about 10 to 20 minutes, thereby forming a fine phase separation (MPS) structure. After the polarization alignment agent is finely phase separated (MPS), the vertical photoalignment material mainly forms a vertical photoalignment material layer (not shown) near the liquid crystal layer 3, and the polarization main alignment material is mainly formed on the pixel electrode 191. A polarization main alignment material layer (not shown) is formed on the near side. The polarized main alignment material layers fine phase separated by curing become main alignment layers 33. 34. The lower main alignment layer 33 may be about 1000 mm thick. Therefore, the closer to the liquid crystal layer 3, the greater the molar concentration of the vertical photoalignment material with respect to the molar concentration of the polarization main alignment material.
The ratio of the mixed weight percent of the vertical photoalignment material and the polarization main alignment material constituting the polarization alignment reactant may be about 5:95 to 50:50, and more preferably about 10:90 to 30:70. The solvent was not included in the component ratio of the polarization alignment reactant. The less vertical photo-alignment material mixed in the polarization alignment reactant, the less the uncured photoreactor, so that the afterimage of the liquid crystal display is reduced and the reaction efficiency of the photoreactor is increased. Therefore, it is preferable that the vertical photo-orientation material is mixed at about 50% by weight or less. In addition, when the vertical photo-alignment material is mixed at about 5% by weight or more, the pretilt uniformity is improved to reduce staining of the liquid crystal display. The surface tension of the vertical photo-alignment material and the polar main alignment material is about 25-65 dyne / cm, respectively. In order for the fine phase separation to be more clearly formed, the surface tension of the vertical photoalignment material must be equal to or smaller than the surface tension of the polarization main alignment material.
Vertical photo-orientation material is a polymer material having a weight average molecular weight of about 1,000-1,000,000, and is a flexible functional group, a thermoplastic functional group, a photo reactive group, and a vertical functional group. Side chains, including the like, are compounds in which at least one is bonded to the main chain.
The flexible group or thermoplastic functional group is a functional group that helps the side chains connected to the polymer backbone to be easily oriented, and may be composed of substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy groups having about 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
The photoreactor is a functional group in which a photo dimerization reaction or a photo isomerization reaction occurs by light irradiation such as ultraviolet rays. For example, the photoreactor may include at least one selected from an azo compound, a cinnamate compound, a chalcone compound, a coumarin compound, a maleimide compound, and a mixture thereof. It consists of one or more substances.
The vertical expression group is a group that functions to move the entire side chain in the vertical direction with respect to the main chain located parallel to the substrates 110 and 210, and an aryl group or an alkyl group having an alkyl or alkoxy group having about 3 to 10 carbon atoms or about 3 carbon atoms is substituted. It may be composed of a cyclohexyl group substituted with an alkyl group or an alkoxy group of ˜10.
Monomers such as diamine, to which a softener, a photoreactor, a vertical expression group, and the like are bonded may be polymerized together with an acid anhydride to prepare a vertical photoalignment material. As an example, diamine and acid dianhydride in which at least one side chain including fluorine (F), an aryl group, and cinnamate are substituted are polymerized to form a vertical photoalignment material. do. Fluorine (F) is an indicator for detecting vertical photo-alignment materials.
The vertical photoalignment material according to another embodiment may be prepared by adding a compound in which a thermoplastic functional group, a photoreactor, a vertical expression group, etc. are combined to polyimide, polyamic acid, or the like. In this case, the thermoplastic functional group is directly bonded to the polymer main chain, so that the side chain includes the thermoplastic functional group, the photoreactor, the vertical developing group, and the like.
Meanwhile, the polarization main alignment material may include a polymer main chain, and the weight average molecular weight is about 10,000-1,000,000. When the polarization main alignment material includes an imide group having a concentration of about 50-80 mol%, stains and afterimages of the liquid crystal display are reduced. In order to form fine phase separation more clearly, and to reduce the afterimage of the liquid crystal display, the polarization main alignment material may include about 5 mol% or less of the vertical expression group bonded to the polymer main chain.
The main chain consists of at least one material selected from polyimide, polyamic acid, polyamide, polyamicimide, polyester, polyethylene, polyurethane, polystyrene and mixtures thereof Can be. The more the main chain contains the ring structure of the imide group, for example, the greater the rigidity of the main chain is, for example, preferably when it contains about 50 mol% or more. Therefore, unevenness generated when the liquid crystal display is driven for a long time is reduced, and alignment stability of liquid crystal molecules is improved.
The polarization main alignment material may be the surface main alignment material of the above-described SC-VA mode. In addition, it will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the polarization main alignment material may be a material generally used in a vertical alignment (VA) mode or a twisted nematic (TN) mode.
When ultraviolet light (UV) is irradiated onto the fine phase-separated vertical photoalignment material layer, the photoreactor is photocured, whereby the photocurable layer 35 is formed. The main alignment film 33 formed by the thermosetting and the photocuring layer 35 formed by the ultraviolet light constitute the lower plate alignment film 291.
The light irradiated onto the vertical photoalignment material layer may be polarized UV, collimated UV, or tilted light. The polarized ultraviolet light may be linearly polarized ultraviolet light (LPUV) or partially polarized ultra violet. The irradiation wavelength may be about 270 nm to 360 nm, and the irradiation energy may be about 10 mJ to 5,000 mJ. After the mask including an opening through which light passes and a light blocking part blocking light is disposed, the mask is disposed to correspond to the photocuring region or the non-photocuring region of the lower or upper display panels 100 and 200, and then light is irradiated. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the linearly polarized ultraviolet light is irradiated with a predetermined inclination angle, for example, about 20 degrees to 70 degrees with respect to the substrates 110 and 210 of the display panel. By the light passing through the opening of the mask, the vertical photoalignment material layer undergoes a dimerization reaction, a cis-trans isomerization reaction, or a light-decomposition reaction. Therefore, the polymer of the photocured layer 35 photocured according to the direction of the linearly polarized ultraviolet light and the polarization direction has a direction inclined slightly obliquely with respect to the direction perpendicular to the substrate 110.
This has the same effect as that of the surfaces of the alignment layers 291 and 292 rubbed in a certain direction, and the liquid crystal molecules 31 adjacent to the photocuring layer 35 are inclined similar to the polymer of the photocuring layer 35 so as to have a constant angle line diameter. Have a square. Therefore, the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules 31 is determined according to the inclination angle of the polarized ultraviolet light, and a domain having liquid crystal molecules in a predetermined pretilt direction is formed. According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, photocuring layers 35 and 36 having two pretilt directions are formed on each of the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200, and the liquid crystal layer 3 of the liquid crystal display device is a photocuring layer. It has four domains with different azimuth angles by the vector sum in the pretilt directions of (35, 36). Alternatively, the photocuring layers 35 and 36 having four different directions may be formed on one of the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 so that the liquid crystal layer 3 may have four domains. The azimuth angle of the four domains may be inclined about 45 degrees with respect to the polarization axis of the polarization axis.
In the next step (S340), when the liquid crystal layer 3 and the sealing material are formed between the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 on which the lower panel alignment layer 291 and the upper panel alignment layer 292 are formed, and the two display panels are sealed, the liquid crystal panel Assembly 300 is manufactured. The liquid crystal panel assembly 300 manufactured as described above has the characteristics of the polarized UV-VA mode. When the liquid crystal display is manufactured according to the polarized UV-VA mode, the uncured photoreactor is reduced to reduce the afterimage of the liquid crystal display. In addition, since domains are formed by the direction of polarized ultraviolet rays, the processability of the liquid crystal display is improved. That is, in the SVA mode or the SC-VA mode, the liquid crystal molecules 31 have a pretilt angle according to the direction of the minute branches 197 and the electric field formed in the liquid crystal layer 3 by the exposure voltage. The processability is improved because the photocured layer 35 is formed regardless of the presence and absence of the directions 197 and before sealing the two display panels.
<Example 2>
The alignment layer of the liquid crystal display according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is formed by a polarization alignment agent having a mixed photoalignment material 48. Since the mixed photoalignment material 48 included in the polarization alignment reactant according to the present invention easily moves to the surface of the polarization alignment reactant in the phase separation process, the uncured photoreactive polymer is reduced, and the production cost of the liquid crystal display device is reduced. The residual DC voltage or afterimage decreases. The mixed photoalignment material 48 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a thermal reaction unit 48a, a photoreaction unit 48b, and a vertical expression unit 48c, and may be a compound composed of these.
Embodiments of the present invention are substantially similar to the liquid crystal panel assembly manufactured by the polarization UV-VA mode described above except for the fine phase separation (MPS) process in the thermosetting process and the materials constituting the polarization alignment reactant. In the following description, for convenience of description, duplicated descriptions will be briefly described or omitted. Since forming the upper and lower alignment layers 292 and 291 are substantially similar, the process of forming the alignment layer according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail without dividing them 292 and 291.
Hereinafter, a process of forming the alignment layer formed by the polarization alignment reagent 47 having the mixed photoalignment material 48 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 15A to 15G. 15A to 15G are cross-sectional views sequentially illustrating a process of forming an alignment layer of a liquid crystal panel assembly according to a second UV-VA mode embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 15A, the polarization alignment reactant 47 having the mixed photoalignment material 48 is coated on the pixel electrode 191 and the common electrode 270 as described above. The polarization alignment agent 47 having the mixed photoalignment material 48 may be formed in the inner region of the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200, or may be partially overlapped with the outer region. The polarization alignment agent 47 having the mixed photoalignment material 48 may be a mixture of the surface light main alignment material 37, the photoalignment vertical material 49, the mixed photo alignment material 48, and the solvent. The pixel electrode 191 and the common electrode 270 may not have the aforementioned fine branches or fine slits.
Hereinafter, the composition ratios of the polarization main alignment material 37, the photoalignment vertical material 49, the mixed photo alignment material 48 and the solvent constituting the polarization alignment agent 47 having the mixed photo alignment material 48 will be described in detail. do.
Solid contents prepared comprising the photoalignment vertical material 49, the polarization main alignment material 37, and the mixed photoalignment material 48 are dissolved in a solvent and have a polarization alignment agent having the mixed photoalignment material 48. Form 47. The solvent in the polarization alignment reactant 47 may be about 85 wt% to about 98 wt%, more preferably about 93.5 wt%, and the solid contents excluding the solvent, That is, the mixture of the polarization main alignment material 37, the photoalignment vertical material 49, and the mixed photoalignment material 48 may be about 2% by weight to about 15% by weight of the polarization alignment agent 47. More preferably about 6.5% by weight. A content of solid contents of about 2 wt% or more may improve the printability of the polarization alignment reactant 47 when applied to the lower or upper panel. When the content of solid contents is about 15% by weight or less, it is possible to prevent the formation of precipitates formed because the solids are not dissolved in the solvent and improve the printability of the polarization alignment reactant 47.
The polarization main alignment material 37 may be about 34 wt% to about 89.55 wt% wt in solid contents, more preferably about 70 wt% wt, and the photoalignment vertical material 49 may be about 8.5 wt% to about 59.7 wt% wt of the solids, more preferably about 30 wt% wt, and the mixed photoalignment material 48 is about 0.5 in solids Weight (wt)% to about 15 weight (wt)%, more preferably about 5 weight (wt)%. Solids are those of the polarization alignment reactant 47 except for the solvent. Mixed photoalignment material 48 having a content of at least about 0.5% by weight of the total weight of solids may react with photoalignment vertical material 49 to introduce minimal photoreactivity into photoalignment vertical material 49. In addition, the mixed photoalignment material 48 having a content of about 15% by weight or less of the total weight of the solid content may minimize the decrease in the alignment characteristic of the alignment layer formed by the polarization alignment reactant 47.
The weight ratio of the photoalignment vertical material 49 and the polarization main alignment material 37 may be about 1: 9 to about 6: 4, and more preferably about 1: 9 to about 5: 5. The polarization alignment reactant 47 having such a weight ratio may easily undergo fine phase separation by the above-described pre-heating or post-heating, and the mixed photoalignment material 48 may have a surface of the polarization alignment reactant 47 in contact with air. Can be easily moved. The photoalignment vertical material 49 and the polarization main alignment material 37 may each have a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000 to about 900,000 for storage and printability of the material. The weight average molecular weight is a monodisperse polystyrene conversion value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
Hereinafter, the polarization main alignment material 37, the photoalignment vertical material 49, the mixed photoalignment material 48 and the solvent constituting the polarization alignment reactant 47 having the mixed photoalignment material 48 will be described in detail. .
The polarization main alignment material 37 has a molecular weight of about 95 mol% to about 100 mol% having no side chain and about 0 mol% to about 5 mol% having a side chain. The polarization main alignment substance 37 which is a compound composed of single molecules and has a composition thereof has a horizontal alignment property. The single molecule having no side chains is preferably about 100 mol% in the polarization main alignment material 37, but may be in a composition range that does not reduce horizontal alignment, that is, about 95 mol% to about 100 mol%. In addition, the single molecule having side chains may be in a composition range that does not reduce the horizontal orientation, that is, about 0 mol% to about 5 mol% in the polarization main alignment material 37. The side chain of the single molecule constituting the polarization main alignment material 37 may include all functional groups except -H. Although the side chains of the single molecules constituting the surface main alignment material 37 may be substantially the same as the side chains of the single molecules constituting the photoalignment vertical material 49, since the composition ratio of the single molecules having side chains is small, the polarization main alignment Material 37 may have horizontal orientation.
The polarization main alignment material 37 may include at least one selected from a polyimide compound, a polyamic acid compound, a polysiloxane compound, a polyvinyl cinnamate compound, a polyacrylate compound, a polymethylmethacrylate compound, and mixtures thereof It may be one substance.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, if the polarization main alignment material 37 is a polyimide compound, its main chain may be a single molecule having an imide bond.
The photo-orientation vertical material 49 is a compound composed of monomolecules having no end chains and single molecules bonded to side chains having hydrophobic groups. The single molecule having side chains constituting the photoalignment vertical material 49 may be 10 mol% (mol%) to 70 mol%, more preferably about 20 mol% to about 60 mol%, Monomers that do not have can be from 30 mol% to 90 mol%, more preferably from about 40 mol% to about 80 mol%. The photo-orientation vertical material 49 having their composition has a vertical orientation.
Monomolecules having side chains constituting the photo-alignment vertical material 49 and monomolecules without side chains are monomolecules of imide bonds constituting the polyimide compound, amic acid monomolecules constituting the polyamic acid compound, Siloxane monomolecules constituting the polysiloxane compound, vinyl cinnamate monomolecules constituting the polyvinyl cinnamate compound, acrylate monomolecules constituting the polyacrylate compound, and polymethyl methacrylate compound It may be at least one material selected from methyl methacrylate-based monomolecules and mixtures thereof.
The main chain of the photoalignment vertical material 49 may be a polyimide compound or a polyamic acid compound. According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the photo-alignment vertical material 49 composed of single molecules of imide bonds includes a polyimide compound as a main chain, and has a structure in which side chains are bonded to the main chain. The photo-orientation vertical material 49 composed of monomolecules of imide bonds can be prepared by imidizing a portion of the polyamic acid compound. The main chain of the photo-orientation vertical material 49 is defined as the connecting portion of the single molecules except for the side chain. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the optical alignment vertical material 49 including the polyamic acid compound as the main chain may be prepared by the reaction of the diamine compound and the acid anhydride. The diamine-based compound may be a diamine having a functional group substantially the same as the side chain.
The side chains of the photo-orientation vertical material 49 have a first functional group, a second functional group connected to the first functional group and comprising a plurality of cyclic carbons, and a vertical expression group 49c connected to the second functional group. The first functional group may include an alkyl group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The second functional group is bound to the main chain by the first functional group and to the vertical expression group 49c. The second functional group may include cyclohexane, benzene, chroman, naphthalene, tetrahydropyran, dioxane or steroid derivatives. The vertical expressor 49c shown in FIG. 15C is a hydrophobic group linked to the side chain ends. The vertical expression group 49c may include a linear alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group having a side chain bonded to the linear chain, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Hydrogens in vertical generator 49c may be substituted with F or Cl, respectively.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the side chain of the photoalignment vertical material 49 may be a single molecule represented by the following Chemical Formulas X-UV1 to X-UV4.
Chemical Formula X-UV1
Chemical Formula X-UV2
Chemical Formula X-UV3
Chemical Formula X-UV4
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the side chain of the photoalignment vertical material 49 may include a photoreactor having a photoreactor. The photoreactor coupled to the side chain of the photoalignment vertical material 49 may be cured by light to form a photocurable layer having a pretilt angle. The photoreactive portion may be substituted with the second functional group, that is, disposed between the first functional group and the vertical expression group 49c to be combined with the first functional group and the vertical expression group 49c. Alternatively, the photoreaction portion may be disposed between the first functional group and the second functional group to couple with the first and second functional groups, respectively. The photoreaction portion connected to the side chain of the photoalignment vertical material 49 may be a single molecule represented by the following Chemical Formulas X-UV5 to X-UV9.
Chemical Formula X-UV5
Chemical Formula X-UV6
Chemical Formula X-UV7
Chemical Formula X-UV8
Chemical Formula X-UV9
The photoreaction portion connected to the side chain of the photoalignment vertical material 49 may be at least one material selected from the above-described photoreactive polymer, reactive mesogen (RM), photopolymerization material, photoisomerization material, and a compound or mixture thereof.
Mixed photo-alignment material 48 according to the present invention has a compound represented by the formula (X-UP1) below. The mixed photoalignment material 48 is composed of a thermal reaction part 48a, a photoreaction part 48b, a connection part, and a vertical expression part 48c. The thermal reaction part 48a breaks the bond between carbons by heat, and easily combines the photoalignment vertical material 49 and the mixed photoalignment material 48. The photoreaction portion 48b is coupled to other photoreaction portions by light. The connection portion connects the photoreaction portion 48b with the thermal reaction portion 48a and the vertical expression portion 48c. The vertical expression unit 48c improves the vertical alignment of the mixed photoalignment material 48.
Chemical Formula X-UP1
B 1 -X 1 -A 1 -Y 1 -D
Here, A 1 is the photoreaction portion 48b of the mixed photoalignment material 48 shown in FIG. 15C. The photoreaction unit 48b may be polymerized or cured with the adjacent photoreaction unit 48b by receiving the irradiated light. A 1 may be cinnamate, coumarin or chalcone.
X 1 and Y 1 is a connecting portion, and connects the photoreaction portion (A 1 ) with the thermal reaction portion (B 1 ) and the vertical expression portion (D). X 1 and Y 1 may be a single bond or -C n H 2n- , where n is an integer of 1 to 6, respectively. When X 1 and / or Y 1 is —C n H 2n —, X 1 and / or Y 1 may have a linear or branched hydrocarbon. One or more -CH 2 -constituting X 1 or Y 1 may be substituted with -O- or -Si-, respectively. According to an embodiment of the present invention X 1 and / or Y 1 is -CH 2- , -CH 2 -CH 2- , -O-CH 2- , -CH 2 -Si- or -O-Si-O- one Can be.
B 1 is the thermal reaction part 48a shown in FIG. 15C. B 1 is composed of a bond between carbon which is easily broken by heat, or a bond between carbon and oxygen, and can easily bond with the photo-orientation vertical material 49. B 1 is
D is a vertical expression portion 48c of the mixed photo-alignment material 48 having vertical alignment shown in FIG. 15C, and is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. The vertical developing portion 48c of the mixed photoalignment material 48 improves vertical alignment. That is, the vertical functional group constituting the polarization alignment reagent 47 is formed by the mixed photoalignment material 48 having the vertical expression unit 48c in addition to the vertical expression unit 49c coupled to the side chain of the photoalignment vertical material 49. Increases. Therefore, the mixed photoalignment material 48 having the vertical expression unit 48c and the photoalignment vertical material 49 having the vertical expressor 49c are combined in the thermosetting process to increase the density of the vertical alignment functional groups, Vertical alignment can be improved. Hydrogen atoms except B 1 in Formula X-UP1 may be substituted with F or Cl, respectively.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mixed photoalignment material 48 represented by the formula X-UP1 constitutes cinnamate constituting A 1 , -O-Si-O-, B 1 constituting X 1 and Y 1 , respectively. doing
Constituting, and D Has
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the mixed photoalignment material 48 may have a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula X-UP2.
Chemical Formula X-UP2
B 2 -X 2 -A 2
Here, A 2 may be a material constituting the photoreaction portion 48b of the mixed photoalignment material 48 described above. X 2 may be a material constituting the connection portion of the mixed photoalignment material 48 described above. B 2 may be a material constituting the thermal reaction of the mixed photoalignment material 48 described above. Hydrogen atoms except B 2 in Formula X-UP2 may be substituted with F or Cl, respectively.
The mixed photoalignment material 48 represented by the formula (X-UP2) has no vertical expression portion (48c) compared to the mixed photoalignment material (48) represented by the formula (X-UP1). The mixed photoalignment material 48 represented by the formula (X-UP2) does not have the vertical expression portion 48c, but stably arranges the side chains of the photoalignment vertical material 49 by the large volume of the photoreaction portion 48b. do.
The solvent may be a compound capable of easily dissolving or mixing the photoalignment vertical material 49, the polarization main alignment material 37, and the mixed photoalignment material 48, or a compound capable of improving printability. The solvent may be an organic solvent and may be the materials described above.
The polarization alignment reactant 47 may further include the photoinitiator described above to enhance the photocuring reaction.
Referring to FIGS. 15B to 15E, the polarization alignment reactant 47 after application is thermally cured by heat treatment of preheating (FIG. 15A) or postheating (FIG. 15D) as described above. The polarization alignment reactant 47 is fine phase separated (MPS) by thermal curing. According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the polarization alignment reactant 47 is phase separated in the preheating step, and phase separation is completed in the postheating step. Hereinafter, the phase separation process of the polarization alignment reactant 47 will be described in detail.
Referring to FIG. 15B, the polarization alignment reactant 47 is preheated. The preheated polarization alignment agent 47 is micro phase separated into a polarization main alignment material layer 37a and a vertical photoalignment material layer 46a, and the solvent of the polarization alignment agent 47 is vaporized. The polarization main alignment material layer 37a is formed near the pixel electrode or the common electrode, and mainly includes the polarization main alignment material 37. The polarization main alignment material layer 37a may include a photoalignment vertical material 49 and a mixed photoalignment material 48. The vertical photoalignment material layer 46a is formed near the surface in contact with air and mainly includes the polarization main alignment material 37 and the mixed photoalignment material 48. The vertical photoalignment material layer 46a may include the polarization main alignment material 37. At the interface between the polarization main alignment material layer 37a and the vertical photoalignment material layer 46a, the photoalignment vertical material 49 and the polarization main alignment material 37 may be mixed.
Referring to FIG. 15C, a process in which the polarization alignment reactants 47 are phase separated is as follows. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the photoalignment vertical material 49 constituting the polarization alignment agent 47 is relatively non-polarity compared to the polarization main alignment material 37, and the polarization main alignment material 37 is It has a relatively more polarity compared to the photo-orientation vertical material 49. In addition, the air is relatively nonpolar compared to the material constituting the pixel or the common electrode, and the material constituting the pixel or the common electrode is more polar than the air. Accordingly, in the preheating process, the photoalignment vertical material 49 constituting the polarization alignment reactant 47 is moved toward the surface in contact with air mostly because the affinity with air is greater than that of the polarization main alignment material 37. Since the polarization main alignment material 37 having the polarity property pushes the mixed photo alignment material 48, the mixed photo alignment material 48 moves together with the photo alignment material 49 to form the photo alignment material 49. Mixed with Therefore, the mixed photoalignment material 48 and the photoalignment vertical material 49 which have moved in the surface direction in the preheating step form the above-described vertical photoalignment material layer 46a. Accordingly, since the mixed photoalignment material 48 can be easily moved to the surface in contact with air by the phase separation process between the polarization main alignment material 37 and the photoalignment vertical material 49, the polarization alignment reactant 47 The content of the mixed photoalignment material 48 may be reduced. On the other hand, the polarization main alignment material 37 constituting the polarization alignment reactant 47 has a more affinity with the material formed under the polarization alignment reactant 47, that is, the pixel electrode or the common electrode, than the photoalignment vertical material 49. Because of its size, it moves in the direction of the electrode layer. The polarization main alignment material 37 moved in the direction of the electrode layer and the part of the photoalignment vertical material 49 form the polarization main alignment material layer 37a described above. The vertical presenters 49c of the photoalignment vertical material 49 may have a vertical orientation in the primary heating. The mixed photoalignment material 48 may be composed of a thermal reaction unit 48a, a photoreaction unit 48b, and a vertical expression unit 48c.
15D to 15E, the phase separated polarization alignment reactants 46a and 37a are post-heated as described above. The post-heated polarization alignment reactants 46a and 37a form a vertical alignment with the main alignment layer 33. The main alignment film 33 is mainly formed by curing the polarization main alignment material 37. In addition, in the post-heating process, the chemical bond of the thermal reaction unit 48a constituting the mixed photoalignment material 48 is easily broken, and the broken thermal reaction unit 48a chemically bonds with the photoalignment vertical material 49. Therefore, the thermal alignment portion 48a of the photoalignment vertical material 49 and the mixed photoalignment material 48 constituting the vertical photoalignment material layer 46a form a chemical bond, and the photoreaction portion 48b and the vertical expression portion 48c forms a vertical alignment at the surface of the vertical photoalignment material layer 46a. Accordingly, even if the photoalignment vertical material 49 does not have photoreactivity, the photoalignment vertical material 49 may have photoreactivity in combination with the thermal reaction unit 48a of the mixed photoalignment material 48. The photoalignment vertical material 49 or the polarization main alignment material 37 combined with the mixed photoalignment material 48 may have photoreactivity, so that the mixed photoalignment material 48 included in the polarization alignment agent 47 may be further. Can be reduced. In the post-heating process, the solvent of the polarization alignment reactant 47 may be further vaporized. In addition, in the post-heating process, the vertical generator 49c included in the photoalignment vertical material 49 may be vertically aligned.
After the post-heating process, the polarization alignment reactant 47 may be washed with pure water (DIW, DeIonized Water) and further washed with isopropyl alcohol (IPA). After cleaning, the polarization alignment reactants 47 are dried.
15F to 15G, when light is irradiated onto the vertical photoalignment material layer 46a, the photoreaction portion 48b of the mixed photoalignment material 48 is cured, and as shown in FIG. 15G, the main alignment film is illustrated. The photocuring layer 35 is formed thereon. The main alignment film 33 formed by the thermosetting and the photocuring layer 35 formed by the ultraviolet light constitute the lower plate alignment film 291. The light and photocuring processes irradiated on the vertical photoalignment material layer 46a shown in FIG. 15F are the same as those described above with respect to the polarized UV-VA mode. By the non-contact photocuring process, the photocurable layer has a pretilt angle. The pretilt angle of the photocurable layer may be about 80 ° to about 90 ° with respect to the substrate of the display panels 100 and 200, and more preferably 89.5 ° to about 87.5 °. Although the pixel electrodes do not have fine slits or fine branches by the light irradiation method described above, the liquid crystal display according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may have a plurality of domains that divide the liquid crystal layer into a plurality of domains.
Thereafter, as described above with respect to step S340, the liquid crystal layer 3 and the sealing material are formed between the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 on which the lower panel alignment layer 291 and the upper panel alignment layer 292 are formed. The display panel bonded by the sealing material is annealed. The sealing material, the process of curing the sealing material, and the annealing may be the same as described above with respect to the main alignment films 33 and 34 of the rigid vertically oriented side chains. The liquid crystal panel assembly 300 manufactured as described above has the characteristics of the polarized UV-VA mode.
According to the present invention, the mixed photoalignment material 48 included in the polarization alignment reactant 47 may be easily moved to the surface to which light is irradiated in the process of forming the alignment layer, and thus the mixture included in the polarization alignment reactant 47 is mixed. The content of the photo-alignment material 48 can be reduced. Therefore, the production cost of the liquid crystal display device is reduced.
In addition, since the photoalignment vertical material 49 or the polarization main alignment material 37 may be photoreactive by combining with the mixed photoalignment material 48, the mixed photoalignment material 48 included in the polarization alignment agent 47. ) Can be further reduced.
In addition, since the amount of the mixed photo-alignment material 48 remaining in the alignment layer without reacting can be minimized, the residual DC voltage or residual image of the liquid crystal display device is reduced.
According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the main alignment layers 33 and 34 are formed by the polarization alignment agent 47 having the mixed photoalignment material 48, and a liquid crystal display device having the same is manufactured.
The polarization alignment reactant 47 applied to the experiment of the present invention included a solid and a solvent having a polarization main alignment material 37, a photoalignment vertical material 49, and a mixed photoalignment material 48. Solid content constituting the polarization alignment reactant 47 was about 6.5 wt%, and the solvent was about 93.5 wt%. In addition, the photo-alignment vertical material 49 constituting the solid content was about 30 wt% in the solids, the polarization main alignment material 37 was about 70 wt% in the solids, and the mixed photo alignment material ( 48) was about 5% by weight in solids.
The photoalignment vertical material 49
, , And These were compounds of diacid anhydride and diamine (JSR, PI-37) each having a ratio of about 1: 0.4: 0.6. Where W2 is W3 is to be.
The polarization main alignment material 37
and These were compounds of diacid anhydride and diamine (JSR, PA-4) each composed of about 1: 1 ratio. Where W1 is to be.
The mixed photo-alignment material 48 was a compound represented by the following formula (X-UP3) (JSR, P_A (std.)).
Chemical Formula X-UP3
The solvent was a mixture of about 45 wt% N-methylpyrrolidone and about 55 wt% butyl cellosolve.
The polarization alignment reactant 47 having the aforementioned component ratio applied to the 17-inch liquid crystal panel was preheated at about 80 ° C, and then postheated at about 220 ° C for about 20 minutes. Subsequently, linearly polarized ultraviolet rays were irradiated from anti-parallel directions to the polarization alignment reactant 47 formed on the common electrode constituting the upper panel with an inclination angle of about 50 ° with respect to the substrate surface of the panel. In addition, the linearly polarized ultraviolet rays were irradiated on the polarization alignment reactants 47 formed on the pixel electrodes of the lower panel.
The lower photocurable layer 35 and the upper photocurable layer 36 each had a pretilt angle in opposite directions to each other by the irradiated ultraviolet rays. Accordingly, the pretilt directions of the photocurable layers 35 and 36 were four different directions, and the liquid crystal layer 3 of the liquid crystal display device was formed by the photocurable layers 35 and 36 having pretilt angles of four different directions. It had four domains of different azimuths. The azimuth angles of the four domains are due to the vector sum of the pretilt angles in the four directions. The intensity of the linearly polarized ultraviolet light was about 20 mJ / cm 2. The liquid crystal panel assembly manufactured as described above was operated by 1G1D driving of the charge sharing method described above with reference to FIG. 11.
In the liquid crystal display device manufactured as described above, the liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the photocurable layer had a pretilt of about 88.2 ° with respect to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal display panel. In addition, the afterimage of the liquid crystal display device operated for 24 hours in a high temperature chamber of about 50 ° C. with a check flicker pattern image was about 3 levels.
Driving LCD
Hereinafter, a structure and an operation of an equivalent circuit for one pixel PX of the liquid crystal display will be described with reference to FIG. 11. FIG. 11 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a charge sharing (CS) charging method 1G1D (1 gate line 1 date line) for one pixel PX of FIG. 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention. An equivalent circuit for one pixel PX of the liquid crystal display includes signal lines including the gate line 121, the storage electrode line 125, the step-down gate line 123, and the data line 171 and the pixel PX connected thereto. Is made of.
One pixel PX includes first, second and third thin film transistors Qh, Ql and Qc, first and second liquid crystal capacitors Clch and Clcl, first and second storage capacitors Csth and Cstl, And a step-down capacitor Cstd. The first and second thin film transistors Qh and Ql formed on the lower panel 100 are three terminal devices, and the gate electrodes of the first and second thin film transistors Qh and Ql, that is, the control terminals, are gate lines 121. ), Their source electrodes, that is, the input terminals, are connected to the data line 171, and their drain electrodes, that is, the output terminals, are respectively the first and second liquid crystal capacitors Clch, Clcl and the first. And second storage capacitors Csth and Cstl, respectively. The third thin film transistor Qc is a three-terminal element, and the gate electrode of the thin film transistor Qc, that is, the control terminal, is connected to the step-down gate line 123, and its source electrodes, that is, the input terminal, are the second liquid crystal. It is connected to the output terminal of the capacitor Clcl or the second thin film transistor Ql, and its drain electrode, that is, the output terminal is connected to the step-down capacitor Cstd. First and second constituting the pixel electrode 191 The subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l are connected to the drain electrodes of the first and second thin film transistors Qh and Ql, that is, the output terminals, respectively, and the first and second liquid crystal capacitor Clch and Clcl electrodes are respectively connected to each other. The first and second subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l are connected to each other, and the other electrodes thereof are connected to the common electrode 270 of the upper panel 200. First and second storage capacitors Csth. Are connected to the first and second subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l, respectively, and their other electrodes are respectively shown in the lower table. It is connected to the storage electrode line 125 or portions 126, 127, and 128 connected to the storage electrode line of the commercially available 100. One electrode of the step-down capacitor Cstd is connected to the output terminal of the third thin film transistor Qc. The other electrode is connected to the storage electrode line 125. The first and second storage capacitors Csth and Cstl enhance the voltage holding capability of the first and second liquid crystal capacitors Clch and Clcl, respectively. , Clcl, Csth.Cstl, Cstd) electrodes overlap with the insulators 3, 140, 181, 182 interposed therebetween.
Hereinafter, the charging principle of the pixel PX will be described in detail. When the gate-on voltage Von is supplied to the n-th gate line Gn, the first and second thin film transistors Qh and Ql connected thereto are turned on, and the gate-off voltage Voff is provided to the n-th step-down gate line An. ) Is supplied. Accordingly, the data voltage of the n-th data line Dn is equally supplied to the first and second subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l through the turned on first and second thin film transistors Qh and Ql. In this case, the first and second liquid crystal capacitors Clch and Clcl charge the electric charge by the voltage difference between the common voltage Vcom of the common electrode 270 and the first and second subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l, respectively. The charging voltage value of the first liquid crystal capacitor Clch and the charging voltage value of the second liquid crystal capacitor Clcl are the same. Thereafter, the gate-off voltage Voff is supplied to the n-th gate line Gn, and the gate-on voltage Von is supplied to the n-th step-down gate line An. That is, the first and second thin film transistors Qh and Ql are turned off, and the third thin film transistor Qc is turned on. Accordingly, the charge of the second subpixel electrode 191l connected to the output terminal of the second thin film transistor Ql flows to the step-down capacitor Cstd, so that the voltage of the second liquid crystal capacitor Clcl decreases. Accordingly, although the same data voltage is supplied to each of the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l, the charging voltage of the first liquid crystal capacitor Clch is greater than that of the second liquid crystal capacitor Clcl. The ratio of the voltage of the second liquid crystal capacitor Clcl to the voltage of the first liquid crystal capacitor Clch may be about 0.6 to 0.9 to 1, more preferably about 0.77 to 1. As such, the first and second subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l receive the same data voltage, and the second liquid crystal capacitor Clcl and the step-down capacitor Cstd of the second subpixel electrode 191l share charge. The charge sharing (CS) type charging is performed by different capacitance values of the first and second liquid crystal capacitors Clch and Clcl.
Therefore, the liquid crystal molecules 31 of the first subpixel electrode 191h receive a greater electric field intensity than the liquid crystal molecules 31 of the second subpixel electrode 191l. 31 are more inclined. The liquid crystal molecules 31 of the first and second subpixels 190h and 190l charged by the charge sharing (CS) method compensate for the phase delay of light when they have different inclination angles. It has side visibility and large reference viewing angles. The reference viewing angle is a limit angle with respect to the front contrast ratio of about 1/10 or the brightness inversion threshold angle between gray levels. The larger the reference viewing angle is, the better the side visibility of the liquid crystal display device is. In addition, since one gate line 121 and one data line 171 are connected to one pixel PX, the subpixels 190h and 190l constituting one pixel PX are operated. The aperture ratio of the display device is increased. In this way, one gate line 121 and one data line 171 are connected to one pixel PX in the 1G1D (1 Gate line 1 Date line) method.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the gate-on voltage Von supplied to the n-th gate line Gn and the gate-on voltage Von supplied to the n-th step-down gate line An are changed according to the signal delay of the gate-on voltages. When overlapping, the charging failure occurs in the pixel electrode, so that the n th step-down gate line An may be connected to one of the n + 1 th or more gate lines 121 to receive the gate-on voltage Von. More preferably, it may be connected to the n + 4th gate line 121.
One pixel PX circuit diagram according to another embodiment is 1G2D (1 Gate 2 Data) of 2T (2 TFT) charging method in which two thin film transistors and two data lines are connected to one pixel PX. That is, the first and second subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l are connected to output terminals of the first and second thin film transistors having gate electrodes connected to the same gate line, respectively, and input terminals of the first and second thin film transistors. Are connected to two different data lines, respectively. The other data voltages supplied to the first and second sub electrodes 191h and 191l through the other two data lines are divided voltages of voltages corresponding to one image. 1G2D driving of the 2T charging method may apply an arbitrary data voltage to each of the subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l, thereby further improving side visibility of the liquid crystal display.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a swing voltage electrode line driving method. Each pixel of this driving method has two thin film transistors, one gate line, one data line, and two swing voltage electrode lines. Gate electrodes of the first and second thin film transistors are connected to a gate line, their source electrodes are connected to a data line, and their drain electrodes are respectively the first and second subpixel electrodes and the first and second storage capacitors. And are respectively connected. Electrodes of the first and second liquid crystal capacitor electrodes are connected to the first and second subpixel electrodes, respectively, and their other electrodes are connected to the common electrode formed on the upper panel, respectively. The electrodes of the first and second storage capacitor electrodes are connected with the first and second subpixel electrodes, respectively. Their other electrodes are each connected to swing voltage electrode lines. During the pixel operation, pulse trains having a predetermined periodic voltage magnitude are applied to the swing voltage electrode lines, and phase voltages opposite to each other are simultaneously applied to the swing voltage electrode line of the first subpixel and the swing voltage electrode line of the second subpixel. The voltage of the pulse train supplied to the swing voltage electrode lines may be composed of two different voltages. Therefore, since the voltage charged in the first subpixel liquid crystal capacitor and the voltage charged in the second subpixel liquid crystal capacitor are different from each other, the side visibility of the liquid crystal display device is improved.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a sustain electrode line charge sharing driving method. Each pixel of this driving method has three thin film transistors, one gate line, one data line, and one sustain electrode line. Gate electrodes of the first and second thin film transistors are connected to a gate line, their source electrodes are connected to a data line, and each of their drain electrodes is connected to the first and second subpixel liquid crystal capacitors. The other ends of the first and second subpixel liquid crystal capacitors are respectively connected to the upper common electrode. The gate electrode of the third thin film transistor is connected to the sustain electrode line, and the source electrode thereof is connected to the second liquid crystal capacitor electrode connected to the drain electrode of the second thin film transistor, and the drain electrode thereof is the opposite electrode of the sustain electrode line or the third thin film transistor. Is connected to the extension of the drain electrode. Since the charging voltage of the second subpixel liquid crystal capacitor shares charge with the drain electrode extension of the third thin film transistor by the voltage of the sustain electrode line, the charging voltage of the second subpixel is lower than that of the first subpixel. The voltage supplied to the storage electrode line may be substantially the same as the voltage of the common electrode.
Hereinafter, the operation of the liquid crystal display manufactured by the above-described method will be described in detail. The liquid crystal display has the pixel PX structure shown in FIG. 3 and operates in the manner described with reference to FIG. 11. Each of the modes of manufacturing the liquid crystal panel assembly 300, that is, the SVA, SC-VA and polarized UV-VA modes, was distinguished according to the method of forming the alignment layers 291 and 292. However, after the liquid crystal panel assembly 300 is manufactured, the liquid crystal display device operates substantially the same regardless of the respective modes. Therefore, the operation of the liquid crystal display device to be described later will be described regardless of the modes of forming the alignment layers.
The liquid crystal panel assembly 300 is assembled with the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 having the pixel PX of FIG. 3 according to the SVA, SC-VA, or polarization UV-VA mode. As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display device is manufactured by the driving units 400 and 500, the signal controller 600, and the gray voltage generator 800 in the liquid crystal panel assembly 300. The liquid crystal molecules 31 adjacent to the alignment layers 291 and 292 may be inclined slightly at an angle to the direction perpendicular to the lower panel 100 and the upper panel 200 when no voltage is supplied to the pixel PX of the liquid crystal display. True line angle of inclination. When the data voltage is supplied to the pixel electrode 191, the liquid crystal molecules 31 of the same domain move in the same oblique direction. The directions of the fine branches 197 of the first and second subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l are different with respect to the transmission axis or the polarization axis of the polarizer, respectively, and the fringe electric field intensity varies depending on the width of the fine slits. The brightness of each of the subpixels 190h and 190l is different because of the different liquid crystal capacitor voltages. As such, adjusting the liquid crystal inclination angles of the subpixels improves the side visibility of the liquid crystal display. Since the second subpixel electrode 191l has the MA region as described above, since the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules 31 is continuously changed, the texture generated when the liquid crystal molecules 31 are discontinuously arranged. Decreases.
Liquid crystal display
Basic pixel group
≪ Example 1 >
Hereinafter, the quality characteristics of the liquid crystal display when the above-described parameters are applied to the pixels PX of the basic pixel group PS in consideration of the primary colors according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. 12 is a plan view of pixel electrodes 191 of a basic pixel group PS that constitutes a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a plan view only of pixel electrodes of the basic pixel group PS formed on the lower panel 100. Other than the plan view of the pixel electrode 191 are omitted because they are the same as described above, and redundant description is omitted in the following description.
As shown in FIG. 12, the basic pixel group PS includes pixel electrodes 191R, 191G, and 191B corresponding to basic colors of red, green, and blue. The structure of the pixel electrodes 191R and 191G of the red and green pixels PX is the same, but the structure of the pixel electrode 191B of the blue pixel PX is partially different from that of the other pixel electrodes 191R and 191G. The primary pixel group PS is composed of red, green, and blue pixels PX corresponding to three primary colors, namely, red (R), green (G), and blue (B). The red, green, and blue pixels PX have red, green, and blue pixel electrodes 191R, 191G, and 191B, respectively. The primary color filters representing the primary colors may be formed on the lower panel or the upper panel. Each of the pixel electrodes 191R, 191G, and 191B is divided into two subpixel electrodes 191h and 191l formed in two subpixel regions. The red pixel electrode 191R has a first red subpixel electrode 191hR formed in the first subpixel area of the red pixel and a second red subpixel electrode 191lR formed in the second subpixel area thereof. The green pixel electrode 191G includes a first green subpixel electrode 191hG formed in the first subpixel area of the green pixel and a second green subpixel electrode 191lG formed in the second subpixel area thereof. The blue pixel electrode 191B has a first blue subpixel electrode 191hB formed in the first subpixel area of the blue pixel and a second blue subpixel electrode 191lB formed in the second subpixel area thereof. The minute branch widths and the minute slit widths of the red first subpixel electrode 191hR and the green first subpixel electrode 191hG were about 3 μm and about 3 μm, respectively, and the minute branch widths of the blue first subpixel electrode 191hB were respectively. And the fine slit width was about 3um and about 4um. The fine branch width and the fine slit width of each of the red second subpixel electrode 191lR, the green second subpixel electrode 191G, and the blue second subpixel electrode 191lB were about 3 μm and about 3 μm, respectively. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the widths of the fine slits of the first subpixel 191hB in the blue pixel are determined by the first subpixels 191hR and 191hG and the second subpixels 191lR and 191lG in the other pixels. , The first subpixel luminance of the blue pixel is reduced because of the width larger than the width of the fine slit of 191LB).
The fine branches in each of the red, green, and blue first subpixel electrodes 191hR, 191hG, and 191hB are θ3. θ3 is about 40 degrees. The fine branches of each of the red, green, and blue second subpixel electrodes 191lR, 191lG, and 191lB are θ4. θ4 is about 45 degrees. θ3 and θ4 are angles formed with respect to the polarization axis of the polarizer, respectively. As such, when the direction of the minute branches of the first subpixel electrodes 191hR, 191hG, and 191hB and the second subpixel electrodes 191lR, 191lG, and 191lB are different from each other, the luminance of the first subpixels and the brightness of the second subpixels are controlled. do. In each of the pixels constituting the basic pixel group, the area of the second subpixel is about 1.75 times larger than the area of the second subpixel.
Hereinafter, optical characteristics and effects of the liquid crystal display having the pixel electrodes 191 of the basic pixel group PS of FIG. 12 will be described. FIG. 13A is a gray scale-luminance ratio graph measured in a liquid crystal display of the prior art in which all of the pixel electrodes forming the basic pixel group PS have the same structure, and FIG. 13B is the basic pixel shown in FIG. 12 according to the present invention. It is a gray scale-luminance ratio graph measured in the liquid crystal display having the pixel electrodes 191 of the group PS. In addition, the liquid crystal display of the present invention was manufactured by the SVA mode method and operated in the 1G1D method of charge sharing charging. The voltage charged in the second subpixel electrode of the present invention was about 0.77 times the voltage charged in the first subpixel electrode, and the liquid crystal layer cell spacing was about 3.55 占 퐉.
The horizontal axis of the gray scale-luminance ratio graph is a gray scale corresponding to the voltage supplied to the pixel electrodes 191h and 191l, and the vertical axis is a luminance ratio of the liquid crystal display measured at about 60 ° on the right side through a spectrometer. The luminance ratio on the vertical axis is the luminance of the gradation size with respect to the maximum luminance of each color measured at about 60 ° on the right side. For example, referring to the blue luminance graph B1 shown in FIG. 13A, when the blue pixel luminance is 100 cd (cantella) at the highest gray level, that is, 250 gray, and the blue pixel luminance is 50 cd at the 150 gray levels, the blue luminance graph B1 is displayed. The luminance ratio is about 0.5. Graphs R1, G1, B1, and W1 shown in FIG. 13A are graphs of luminance ratios of red light, green light, blue light, and white light, respectively, measured in the liquid crystal display of the prior art, and graphs R2, G2, B2, and W2 shown in FIG. 13B. Are graphs of luminance ratios of red light, green light, blue light and white light, respectively, measured in the liquid crystal display of the present invention. The white light luminances W1 and W2 are the sum of the red light luminances R1 and R2, the green light luminances G1 and G2, and the blue light luminances B1 and B2, and the red light, green light and blue light luminances are about 55% to white luminance, respectively. 65%, about 20% ~ 30% and about 10% ~ 20%.
As can be seen in the graph of FIG. 13A, in the halftone portion A8 indicated by an ellipse, the red light luminance ratio curve R1 of the prior art sharply increases and crosses the blue light luminance ratio curve B1. When the red light luminance ratio curve G1 and the blue light luminance ratio curve B1 cross the intersection points, the red light luminance ratio inverts the blue light luminance ratio. As described above, the liquid crystal display has a yellowish color in the gradation A8 portion where the blue light luminance ratio is reversed. When the yellowish color is recognized, the display quality of the liquid crystal display is degraded because the image quality is not clear and the color of the original image is distorted. Thus, the yellowish visibility is required to be improved. Although the luminance ratio of the primary color light intersects even in a specific gradation of the high gradations, yellowish is hardly observed in the high gradation because the luminance difference between the gradations is large.
However, as shown in FIG. 13B, in the liquid crystal display having the pixel electrodes of the basic pixel group PS of the present invention, the red light luminance ratio curve G1 and the blue light luminance ratio curve B1 that are observed in the conventional liquid crystal display device cross each other. Do not have a point. Since the slope of the red light luminance ratio curve R2 and the blue light luminance ratio curve B2 are similar in the halftone portion A8 indicated by an ellipse in FIG. 13B, the luminance ratio of the red light and the blue light does not have a reversed portion. Accordingly, in the liquid crystal display of the present invention, yellowish color is improved.
In addition, when the luminance ratio of other primary colors is reversed in a specific gradation and the luminance level between the primary colors is changed, the LCD may generate another color defect or shift of color coordinates. In order to improve this, it is necessary to design a balance between the luminance of the basic color pixels forming the basic pixel group PS.
<Example 2>
14 is a plan view of pixel electrodes 191 of a basic pixel group PS that constitutes a liquid crystal display according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 illustrates only a plan view of the pixel electrodes 191 of the basic pixel group PS formed on the lower panel 100. Other things except the plan view of the pixel electrode 191 are omitted because they are the same as described above in FIG. 12, and the following description will be omitted for convenience of explanation and the differences will be described in detail. The basic pixel group PS is composed of red, green, and blue pixels PX corresponding to three primary colors, namely, red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Pixel electrodes are formed in each pixel, and each pixel electrode includes first and second subpixel electrodes.
The minute branch widths and the minute slit widths of the red first subpixel electrode 191hR and the green first subpixel electrode 191hG are about 3 μm and about 3 μm, respectively, and the minute branch widths of the blue first subpixel electrode 191hB are respectively. The micro slit widths are about 3um and 3um in the HA region, about 3um and 4um in the LA region, and about 3um and 3um to 4um in the MA region. The fine branches 197 formed in each domain are symmetrically formed with respect to the horizontal and vertical cross stems 195. As such, when the blue first subpixel electrode 191hB is formed, the blue first subpixel has lower luminance than the first subpixel luminance of the other pixels.
The fine branch width and the fine slit width of each of the red second subpixel electrode 191lR, the green second subpixel electrode 191lG, and the blue second subpixel electrode 191lB are about 3 μm and about 3 μm in the HA region, and the LA region. At about 3um and about 4um, and at MA about 3um and about 3um to 4um. The MA region included in each of the blue first and second subpixel electrodes 191Hb and 191lB, the red second subpixel electrode 191lR, and the green second subpixel electrode 191lR has a constant branch width of about 3 μm. , The fine slit width is the area gradually changing from about 3um to about 4um. The HA area area in each of the domains is about 61% of the total area area, that is, the sum of the HA area, the LA area, and the MA area. In addition, the MA area area in each domain is about 30 to 35% of the HA area area. The fine branches 197 formed in the respective domains in each of the subpixels are formed symmetrically with respect to the horizontal and vertical cross stems 195. As such, the luminance of the second subpixels with respect to the first subpixels may be adjusted by forming the pixel electrodes of the second subpixels. In addition, since the MA regions are formed in the second subpixel electrodes, texture generation is reduced and the luminance of the second subpixels is increased.
The fine branches in each of the red, green, and blue first subpixel electrodes 191hR, 191hG, and 191hB are the same, and are θ5. θ5 is about 40 degrees. The directions of the fine branches of each of the red, green, and blue second subpixel electrodes 191lR, 191lG, and 191lB are the same, and are θ6. θ6 is about 45 degrees. θ5 and θ6 are angles formed with respect to the polarization axis of the polarizer, respectively. Since angles θ5 and θ6 are formed differently, luminance of the first subpixel and the second subpixel is adjusted to improve side visibility of the liquid crystal display.
As shown in FIG. 14, the yellowish phenomenon of the liquid crystal display is improved by changing the fine slit width of the first subpixel electrode 191Hb of the blue pixel electrode 191B from the first subpixel electrode of the other pixels. Can be.
12 and 14, one pixel electrode structure except for the blue pixel electrode may be formed differently from the other pixel electrodes.
As another embodiment of the present invention, the fine branches 197 formed in each domain may be formed symmetrically with respect to one of the horizontal or vertical cross stems 195, and more preferably, symmetrically with respect to the horizontal cross stems 195. For example, fine branches 197 may be formed.
As another embodiment of the present invention, the basic pixel group PS may be formed of four or more colors including yellow. In order to improve the color quality of the liquid crystal display, a structure of one primary color pixel electrode 191 having a different structure of two or more primary color pixel electrodes 191 from the basic pixel group PS composed of four or more primary colors. It can be formed differently.
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According to the present invention, the side visibility of the liquid crystal display device is improved and the display quality is improved.
