KR20110110084A - Cutting system or apparatus to cut or reconnect the terminal electric power load and circuits to incoming power according to the quality of supplied incoming electricity for preventing of wide blackout crisis - Google Patents

Abstract

In the electricity supply, if the power supply does not meet the entire power demand, the power reserve ratio approaches 0%, and when the power reserve ratio reaches 0%, the electrical quality of the entire grid drops sharply, causing a large blackout, so-called blackout occurs. do. The quality of the physical quality of electricity, such as voltage, frequency, distortion, etc., which is assigned by the central authority monitoring power reserves to classify the risk ratings of these power reserves and thus transfer the risk to each consumer. The higher the risk level in the standard reference value, the more intentionally or naturally spaced quality electricity is supplied to the customer, and how far the physical quality value of the electricity supplied from the distribution panel and other facilities, which is the branch point of the customer's indoor wiring branch circuit, is separated from the standard reference value. To determine the extent to which the sub-branch branch circuits, based on their predecessor, are automatically cut off from the less important and optionally step-by-step, according to pre-determined priorities. Low priority required by customer The invention relates to a method and equipment for automatically avoiding electrical disasters such as accidents, wars, sudden surges in electric power demand, etc., by making it easy to control only the electric loads selectively and stepped to disconnect or reconnect. to be.

Description

Cuttering system or Apparatus to cut or reconnect the terminal electric power load and circuits to detect electrical quality and selectively cut off end loads of customers according to a predetermined class to incoming Power according to the quality of Supplied Incoming Electricity for preventing of wide blackout crisis}

The present invention relates to an electrical distribution system for an electrical consumer, which is installed in an office building, apartment house, or other electrical consumer, carried by equipment, commonly referred to as an electrical distribution panel. The overload of nationwide electricity use provides a means to prevent catastrophic disasters and the social consequences of indiscriminate disconnection of electricity supply through blackout or forced outages to avoid it. When the power reserve falls to a dangerous level, the electricity is intentionally transmitted or distributed to the customer by supplying or distributing the quality of electricity that is separated from the quality target standard such as voltage and frequency, which is the quality factor of electricity. If necessary, check the quality factors of these supplied electricity and interpret it as a situation to cut off the demand for unnecessary or low-urgency electric loads, and divide the electricity distribution system in the distribution board. Each circuit is graded in advance according to importance, and only the end loads corresponding to the specified grade are automatically selected according to the emergency index corresponding to the distance from the normal standard quality indicators analyzed by these supplied electrical quality factors. It has a function to block, so it is a nationwide Means as much as possible unnecessary electrical premises to reduce the total demand by one from the automatic use national disasters due to the standby power drain ever incident electrical distribution boards or suyongga electric distribution block the system, and a technique related to the overall maintenance of the electricity supply chain.

It is a physical value of electricity, and various quality values can be estimated in relation to fundamental values such as voltage, current, alternating frequency, distortion, other time and energy amount. Good quality electricity means that there is a constant voltage, an alternating frequency within a certain range, no electric flicker, and a regular sinusoidal wave form to show low distortion, no voltage disturbances such as transient overvoltages, voltage sags and harmonic disturbances. These quality-related figures are technically managed to assume certain target thresholds and assume a certain margin of error so that they do not exceed the category, but they may deviate from the category if the electrical quality deteriorates for various reasons. The worst electrical quality situation is a power outage or blackout, and the worst catastrophic situation is a nationwide blackout, or blackout, caused by an overload in which the electricity supply cannot respond to the demand for electricity in the entire electrical system. To prevent this, utilities or exchanges are constantly monitoring the production and demand of electricity, ensuring that extra power reserves are maintained. These quality factors can be easily monitored technically, even on the end-of-terminal consumer side. These can be found in basic voltmeters and ammeters, as well as laboratory oscilloscopes, and there are expensive equipment for precision measurements. Measuring voltage and frequency is an old technology, and the modularity that makes it easy is only a matter of how technically affordable means can be provided. The general electric customer divides the external power supply into the outlet or the lighting of each room through the distribution panel to distribute the power. These distributions are divided in parallel so that the same voltage is maintained in parallel so that the branch power supply circuit can be limitedly used through a switch that discriminates importance and selectively cuts off the load according to the type of load at the end. Currently, the distribution panel is a manual switch to cut off each branch circuit, and a safety device is implemented to automatically cut off the power by overvoltage or other abnormality. It is not technically difficult to devise a control device which electrically operates these already implemented switch functions to cut off the branch circuit of the distributed end load automatically set at the desired moment from the outside or according to a given logic algorithm.

The present invention analyzes such an external quality indicator of electricity and assumes an emergency index corresponding to a discrete degree from which the index deviates from a predetermined standard value, and automatically divides each branched circuit with priorities assigned to the emergency index. It is a technology that selectively blocks or reconnects only part of it. Subjects in charge of producing and supplying electricity from outside will have technical means to transfer some cut-off control of electricity use to the broadcasting network through the distribution network in a nationwide manner by intentionally producing and supplying electricity that is outside the standard. The existing power line communication control is a technology for controlling information communication with a signal set in a short distance inside a consumer mainly for home network communication, which is different from the present technology which notices an indiscriminate and national usage restriction level.

As a result, there is a blackout situation in which the electric power demand exceeds the power supply in the entire electric system, and the power reserve ratio falls below a certain range, thereby selectively performing a power cut or when the electric quality of the entire electric power system falls below a usage level or a power failure occurs. It is to prevent the occurrence of the problem, and the method is to automatically make a differential automatic shut-off and connection according to the importance of the type of terminal power source used by each electric customer in the customer distribution system. The electricity supplier only needs to produce and supply electricity that is slightly out of the standard set by the quality-related indicators of the electricity supply, and analyzes the electricity quality at each customer and broadcasts signals that prevent some power from being used automatically according to the importance. The concept of casting is to implement a system that realizes transport.

The electricity quality standards vary from country to country due to systematic processes such as electricity generation, transmission, and distribution.However, in the case of Korea, as of September 2011, Korea's electricity quality standards (110 ± 6) V, ( It requires compliance with 220 ± 13) V, (380 ± 38) V, and (60 ± 0.2) Hz. If this is the representative electrical quality index, the electrical quality index has an upper and lower margin on a predetermined basis. In a power system implemented as a complete system with a power grid, consumers connected after a specific distribution system receive the same quality of electricity and these quality indices are the same.

Intentionally after the power distribution system, when supplying a certain quality index (eg, 220-10) V of electricity, the specific information of 10 may be delivered in the concept of broadcasting limited to the area of the corresponding customer group. With a separate margin within or above the top and bottom margins above, the current power emergency situation step can be unilaterally broadcast to the audience in the area as a degree of separation from the center value. For example, if you have some margin at 220V consumers, the ± 10V range would be a normal electricity supply, -11V would be the first stage of the critical stage, -12V the second stage of the critical stage, and -13V the third stage of the critical stage, By setting the possible bandwidth, assigning a risk level number for each bandwidth, and supplying electricity accordingly to the entire customer after the distribution system, it is easy to inform the risk stage of the current power supply. However, depending on whether the quality of the power supplied to the end of the customer can be precisely controlled, more identification value can be delivered in a wider range with more precise resolution.

The customer's electrical distribution panel analyzes the risk level indicator of the electricity and cuts or connects the end loads distributed in parallel according to each risk level by using various switch mechanisms such as relays, fuses, and phototransistors. In order to prevent the national electrical disaster by selectively disconnecting or reconnecting the less essential power source automatically, the entire national power use is automatically and selectively disconnected and connected according to the level of danger and end load. .

Prevent the blackout, a national electrical disaster that may be caused by a war, a plant accident, or a sudden overload, or to prevent blackouts intended to prevent blackout. This is because it is possible to selectively block only the low priority terminal loads nationwide in each consumer according to their importance.

As a result, high-grade power loads, such as transportation facilities, hospital emergency facilities, security and security-related electrical facilities, important industrial facilities, computer networks, and apartment lifts, are preserved, and only low-end terminal loads are selectively blocked nationally or globally. It also has a public benefit effect. In addition, the selective connection of the selective load is less costly to manage because it is automatically delivered to all consumers automatically via a simple operation of increasing or decreasing the voltage, frequency and other physical constant values of the electricity to be distributed.

1 is a process for producing or processing the electricity of some quality outside the normal reference level during the power generation or transmission and distribution stage when the power reserve ratio monitored when the electricity supplied to each customer from the outside falls to the dangerous stage It is typical.
The electric monitoring center 100 may be a distribution end of a local power company or a nationwide power exchange, or a terminal substation unit. In the case where the demand is over the supply and the power reserve ratio is expected to fall to the dangerous level, the electric wave change order is issued to simulate the process of supplying electricity of the modified wave to the customer. will be.
Figure 2 analyzes the quality of the electricity supplied from the customer's point of view to determine the degree of voltage, frequency, distortion and other waveform quality is a standard reference value (electrical quality detection unit 321) to some extent branch circuit Mechanically, electrically, optically, and other physically to selectively switch off or reconnect to the actual distribution panel or customer's circuit branch device, via a hazard rating control unit 322 that checks against pre-determined criteria whether or not It is a model of the function of the switch signal generation unit 323 to generate a signal to start and the timer 324 to continuously block the branch circuit for a predetermined time, these parts are assembled to form a distribution panel terminal load automatic control system module 320 It may be commercialized as part of the distribution panel 310 or as a separate device. Each functional unit in the distribution panel end load automatic control system module may be integrated into a single device or module, or may be separately separated and connected to a circuit.

The utility or exchange is currently monitoring power supply and demand at a national level. When this is called the electric monitoring center 100, the electric monitoring center pays attention to maintain a certain level as a power reserve ratio of the difference in supply and demand of power. If the power reserve falls below a certain level, the risk level is announced according to the degree, and if the risk level is notified to the distribution system 200 after the substation for the terminal customer 300 in the transmission and distribution network, the risk level is the consumer 300. Information about the risk level is transmitted to each customer at a time by reflecting the quality index of the electricity supplied to the electricity, such as voltage or frequency, as a deviation from a predetermined target standard value. If the risk level is high, electricity is distributed by increasing the deviation from the target standard in the electrical quality factors such as voltage and frequency.

The method of propagating the dangerous stage from the electrical monitoring center 100 to the power distribution system 200 and the quality of the electric quality deviated from the standard target standard value according to the electrical quality index according to the risk level information determined in the customer 300 in the power distribution system 200. The method of electroforming is not technically impossible and can employ a variety of methods. You may control so that electricity of the appropriate electrical quality index may be supplied to the customer 300 in the distribution system 200, such as a substation, or the upper power generation and transmission stage.

Next, a system is needed to prioritize and manage each distribution end load connected in parallel during distribution at the consumer. This is referred to as the customer load priority rating system. That is, it is recommended to rank the priority according to the nature of the terminal load used in the distribution panel to split into lights, outlets, and other power sources, and to mark the outlets as well. For example, in the case of household power supply, the highest grade group such as national defense, administration, public transportation, computer network, finance, emergency room or national infrastructure may be assigned to exclude the opening / closing blocking according to the electric quality. If it is only ranked in the household class, it is recommended to give the refrigerator and one lighting and one outlet close to the TV for emergency emergency listening, the higher household grade, and the other two minutes. In the case of multiple or collective buildings such as buildings or apartments, the highest level among the multi-user rating group is given to power supply, fire-fighting equipment and evacuation guidance lighting, and the corridor power to the elevator and the lighting for vehicle guidance of the parking lot. It is recommended to assign secondary grades to other lighting outlets as appropriate grades, such as assigning third grades to subsidiary facilities such as exterior promotional signage lights, landscape lighting, and public facilities for aesthetic decoration.

Even commercial buildings or facilities are to be provided with an additional higher rating for the facilities that would cause significant damage to electrical quality and power failure in aquariums, bioprotective electricity and other overall processes.

 Next, the risk level information contained in the supply electricity of the electrical quality intentionally deviated from the standard reference value in these distribution systems 200 at the distribution panel level of the customer 300 of the terminal loads distinguished according to the customer load priority rating system Look at the distribution panel end load automatic control system 320 to determine whether to selectively block or reconnect only those of the corresponding grade.

Reconnection can be arranged to immediately reconnect power to a higher end load if the rating changes, or to allow a predetermined period of time to reconnect.

The distribution panel terminal load automatic control system 320 forms a part of the distribution panel 310 and distributes the electricity drawn from the distribution system 200 along the power system to various lights, outlets, and other electrical equipment through the internal wiring. Intervene in the process and perform the function of automatically disconnecting some terminal loads. The distribution panel end load automatic control system 320 will be described. The main board end load automatic control system 320 may be added to the existing distribution panel 310 in the form of a module or may be manufactured integrally with the distribution panel 310. The function checks how far the voltage or frequency of electricity introduced into the customer from the outside is in the electric quality, so that the electric monitoring center such as the power company or the power exchange in the power distribution system 200 or power generation and transmission system ( There is an electrical quality judging unit 321 to determine whether the signal of a specific risk level has been delivered to each customer in the broadcast in step 100), and according to the determination result, each branch circuit of the distribution panel 310 is selectively selected according to a predetermined importance level. Shut off, reconnect. The electrical quality detection unit 321 grasps the degree to which the transferred electricity is spaced from a predetermined standard value based on a physical constant representing voltage, frequency, and other electrical quality. The risk level control unit 322 determines which branch circuit is actually blocked by comparing the signal detected by the electrical quality detection unit 321 with risk level information for each predetermined distance. A switch signal generator 323 for generating a controllable signal using a relay, a fuse, a phototransistor, or other electrical, mechanical, optical, or other physical signals that can be electrically interrupted by adding a switch-type disconnection device to an existing distribution panel is provided. have. As a result of the determination of the electrical quality detection unit 321 and the risk rating control unit 322, the branch circuit is selectively disconnected or reconnected through the switch signal generation unit 323. The distribution panel terminal load automatic control system 320 may disconnect and reconnect the branch circuit of the distribution panel according to a predetermined condition and reconnect again after a predetermined time when a broadcasting signal of a rating that is interrupted or a rating that may be reconnected is confirmed. The timer 324 for time management, such as making it possible, can be provided. Since the use of the timer 324 is not desirable to deliver to the consumer for a long time of the electric quality separated from the normal standard value, even if the electricity supplied to meet the normal quality standard within a certain time, the lower end load is immediately reconnected because the priority is already low. In order to maintain high-quality electricity to the high-grade electrical load to maintain the cutoff state for a certain time. The distribution panel terminal load automatic control system 320 may be mounted as some module components of the distribution panel 310 or may be manufactured integrally with the distribution panel 310. Each component constituting the distribution panel terminal load automatic control system 320 may be implemented in part or in whole in a single electrical element or module, or may be implemented by circuitry connected to separate objects. The branch circuit of the distribution panel must be branched according to a predetermined class, and the distribution panel 310 must be configured to be selectively disconnected by the distribution panel terminal load automatic control system 320. Among the branch circuits branched by the distribution board 310, the higher grade indicates the fact that it is a separate load on the outlet, such as an end load, so that if a part of the power is cut off in an emergency, it can be easily found and used as a higher grade power source. More convenient.

Controlling the control of the branch circuit at the distribution panel 310 level according to the urgency of the electric load at the consumer level restricts the use of the electric convenience facilities of the consumer 300, which infringes the rights of the individual. In the case of new buildings, legally enforces to divide indoor wiring or distribution according to the class of electric load and classify them according to the importance of each electric load. And it should be induced to be generalized to the entire electric consumer 300 and the effect of the present invention only after a certain ratio of the total consumer of the control target adopts the implementation of the present invention. In order to ensure smooth implementation, it is necessary to enforce measures to limit the use of electricity to consumers, so it is advisable to enforce the sealing measures that do not intentionally change the installation and to set legal penalties in case of damage.

V: Volts, units of voltage

Claims (4)

If the current electricity reserve ratio approaches zero, such as the power company or the electricity exchange, monitoring the electricity supply risk level according to the proximity level, and the voltage or The physical values of various electric waveforms, such as frequency or distortion, are mapped to the degree of how much electricity deviates from the standard value in the stage of power generation, transmission, or distribution, and is supplied as information to electricity supplying electricity supply risk class information. How to broadcast broadly and collectively to your audience Electrical quality that determines how far one of a physical value such as voltage characteristics, such as voltage, current, frequency, and distortion, etc., of electricity coming into a distribution board or other indoor branching device from the outside deviates from the center of the normal standard reference value Determination unit; A risk level control unit for finding a mapped risk level value against a predetermined standard in response to a deviation from the standard value determined by the electrical quality determination unit; And switch signal generation that generates mechanical, electrical, optical, and other physical switch signals that selectively block and reconnect only branch circuits and their end loads, according to prioritized priorities, as determined by the hazard class control. Distribution board end load shielding and connection control system that generates electrical cut or connect command signals to specific output ports to evaluate the electrical quality consisting of parts and to selectively disconnect and connect only the appropriate branch circuits against the criteria Component modules of distribution boards or indoor wiring branch devices
Distribution panel or indoor wiring circuit branching device having a function of selectively interrupting or connecting a branch to the indoor wiring automatically as the quality of the electricity introduced into the branch circuit by applying the module of 2 above If the electricity reserve supplied to the consumer unit in a large area is analyzed and the electricity reserve ratio, which is the difference, shows a power reserve below a certain level, the electricity is supplied to each consumer according to the method of paragraph 1 close to 0% of the electricity reserve ratio. The risk level information is distributed as information to the standard reference value of physical values such as voltage, frequency, distortion, etc. indicating the quality of electricity supplied, and the end is distinguished according to the importance within the customer by using the means of 2 to 3 above. Selective automatic shut-off of loads, in response to a drop in power reserves in large supply unit areas, preferentially phase out only the less important electrical loads of each consumer, and in the event of an emergency, emergency or essential facility electricity supply or consumer Selectively supply electricity to critical end loads Service system to prevent blackout and blackout of entire large area

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