RU101280U1 - COMBINED POWER SUPPLY INSTALLATION OF UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY (SPU) - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A combined uninterruptible power supply installation comprising input feeders, input feeder devices, feeder control and switching units, characterized in that the installation includes a main feeder, a reserve feeder and an alternative network feeder or a diesel generator unit connected to water feeder devices, outputs which are connected to the input of the first block of control and switching feeders, the output of which is connected to a galvanic isolation device and to the input of the third block of control and switching feeders galvanic isolation devices are connected to the input of the second feeder control and switching unit, the second feeder control and switching unit includes uninterruptible power supplies, the outputs of which are the output of the second feeder control and switching unit, while the outputs of the first and second feeder control and switching units are inputs for the third the feeder control and switching unit, the output of the third feeder status and switching unit is connected to the electric distribution board, while to the first control unit the role and switching of feeders connected to the first block of digital indication of the current state of feeders of panel board execution, the first block of delay setting of feeders and the first block of setting priorities of feeders, the second block of control and switching feeders connected to the second block of digital indication of the current status of feeders of panel board, the second block of setting priorities feeders, the second unit for setting the delay switching feeders, to the third block of control and switching feeders connected to the third block of digital indication of the current

Description

The utility model relates to backup or emergency power supply schemes with automatic switching of power supplies and can be used in systems with increased and special requirements for power stability, the absence of which can lead to catastrophic consequences, such as automation equipment on railways, computer centers and centers data processing and storage, communication centers, equipment for continuous control of production processes in various industries (gas, nuclear, oil, etc.), medical equipment, broadcasting and satellite communications systems, data transmission systems, emergency lighting systems, security systems, financial systems and services, ship electrical installations, special applications systems of the Ministry of Defense and others.

Ensuring uninterrupted, guaranteed power supply of railway automation equipment (electric, hump and microprocessor centralization, crossing signaling, automatic locking systems, etc.) is an important factor in ensuring the safety of transportation. These systems have stringent requirements for the quality of energy supply. In particular, the maximum time for de-energizing the relay system in accordance with the requirements of the "Rules for Technical Operation" (PTE) should not exceed 1.3 seconds, and for systems based on microprocessor technology, de-energizing circuits is generally unacceptable. Modern complex automation and telemechanics systems impose very high demands on uninterrupted operation and quality of energy supply. Currently, a two-level system of uninterrupted power supply of automation equipment is used on railways. At the first level is an uninterruptible power supply system with alternating current, which usually includes one main feeder and a backup one. If necessary, an alternative network feeder or diesel generator is used as an additional source of energy supply.

An additional source, as a rule, has less power and low quality characteristics. As a result, reserve sources are considered and used only as a temporary measure, which allows to parry the failures of the main feeder with low quality. In accordance with this, the schemes for ensuring guaranteed energy supply are built on the principle "in case of failure of the main feeder, transfer to the backup one, with a return to the main one when it is restored." Thus, the main feeder is considered a priority. The second level is the secondary, low-voltage power supply system. Such a system contains, including low-voltage batteries, providing uninterrupted power supply to automation devices in the event of a failure of the first high-voltage level. The low-voltage system provides power only to railway automation units with guaranteed power supply.

A known installation of uninterrupted power supply (Velikoselsky NP and others. "Organization of power supply in the event of interruptions and significant deviations of the supply voltage" - M .: Informelectro. 1987), containing an input feeder, a unit for monitoring the state and switching of feeders and an uninterruptible power supply.

The installation is intended to replace a failed uninterruptible power supply with an industrial network in emergency situations.

The disadvantage of this installation is the low reliability and quality of power supply, in particular, switching is carried out after the output voltage exceeds the limits of U nom 10%, which is accompanied by a significant voltage drop during the development of an emergency.

Power supply control is carried out by a narrow number of parameters.

A known installation of uninterrupted power supply (Patent No. 2133542 from 07.20.1999), containing input feeders, a unit for monitoring the status and switching of feeders and an uninterruptible power supply.

Such an installation provides control and computer prediction of the state of alternative power sources, and their reconfiguration.

The disadvantage of this installation is the low level of reliability of power supply, associated with a low level of redundancy of sources and a low level of control of their condition (only the input and output feeders are checked).

Known installation of uninterrupted power supply of railway automation Kogan D.A., Etkin Z.A. "ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY OF RAILWAY AUTOMATION", M., Transport, 1987, p. 161, fig. 5.1, containing an input feeder and the first block of control and switching feeders, the power output of which is the output of the installation. Such a setup has two input feeders: a primary and a backup. It provides control of the feeder alignment by a limited number of parameters: reduction of the phase voltage of the feeder and errors in the phase rotation. In case of failure (failure) of the main feeder, a signal is generated to switch to the backup feeder. This signal is delayed for a fixed time interval, in the calculation of the possible restoration of the main feeder. In this case, the switch is canceled. With a steady failure, a switch to the backup feeder occurs. In case of restoration of the parameters of the main feeder, the reverse switching is performed.

The disadvantages of this installation are the low level of reliability and quality of power supply associated with a limited number of parameters of feeders being monitored, as well as a low level of redundancy of feeders.

Closest to the claimed utility model is the installation of uninterrupted power supply for railway automation (RF Patent 2215355 of 10.27.2003), containing input feeders and the first control unit and switching feeders, the power output of which is the output of the installation. The unit is additionally equipped with second and third units for monitoring the status and switching of feeders, overvoltage protection units, uninterruptible power supplies, first, second and third units for displaying the current status of feeders, displaying statistics on the status of feeders, setting priorities for feeders, setting the delay for switching feeders and a manual control unit . The input feeders are connected through surge protection units to the power inputs of the third feeder status and switching control unit, the power output of which is connected to the power inputs of uninterruptible power supplies and the first power input of the first feeder status and switching control unit. The outputs of uninterruptible power supplies are connected to the power inputs of the second unit for monitoring the status and switching of feeders. The second power input of the first unit for monitoring the status and switching of feeders is connected to the power output of the second unit for monitoring the status and switching of feeders, the first signal outputs of the first, second, and third units for monitoring the state and switching of feeders are connected to the corresponding blocks indicating the current status of the feeders, and the second signal outputs - with a unit for displaying the statistics of the status of the feeders, the first control inputs of the first, second and third blocks for monitoring the status and switching of the feeders are connected to the corresponding feeder priority setting blocks, second control inputs with corresponding feeder delay switching blocks, and third control inputs with manual control block.

The disadvantages of this installation are:

- insufficient level of reliability of power supply to consumers, associated with the lack of protection of the control circuits of the condition of the input feeders, which with prolonged (more acceptable time) overvoltages (over 600 V) can lead to the failure of almost all electronic devices of the feeder hardware control. In this situation, the installation loses the reserve and, as a result, the guaranteed input power. The main and reserve feeders, which are supplied from the outside, are most prone to such emergencies. DGA is practically not subject to such accidents;

- lack of continuous analysis of the quality of the hardware monitoring and switching installation. In case of deviations in the technical characteristics of electronic control devices caused by various reasons (ambient temperature, failure of circuit elements), it can lead to uncontrolled deviations of the output voltage parameters in the process of power supply to consumers. In the event that individual electronic devices fail to be recognized by the circuit (the device always gives permission to connect a controlled power source), a voltage hazardous to the consumer may appear at the output of the installation;

- lack of continuous diagnostics of the most important installation elements up to power distribution devices;

- the use of single-level control of the three-stage control and switching circuit of the state of power sources based on hardware logic (power state control devices operate on the basis of the “normal” or “defect” principle, the priority of power sources is set rigidly with jumpers, etc.);

- dips in the output voltage of the installation during switching in the third stage of power supply, which is unacceptable for a number of consumers;

- supercritical failures in the power supply of consumers in the event of a triple simultaneous failure of the reserve of all levels of power supply, which is unacceptable for almost all responsible consumers of electricity;

- lack of power reserve of the second stage of power supply.

The objective of the utility model is to create a high-quality and reliable installation of uninterrupted power supply.

The technical result of the utility model is to improve the quality of energy supply in systems with increased and special requirements for the stability of power supply.

The combined uninterruptible power supply unit includes a main feeder, a reserve feeder and an alternative network feeder or a diesel generator unit, feeder input devices and an emergency shutdown switch connected to water devices, feeder input device outputs are connected to the input of the first feeder control and switching unit, output which is connected to the galvanic isolation device and to the input of the third feeder control and switching unit, the second feeder control and switching unit includes devices b uninterruptible power supply, the outputs of which are the output of the second control and switching unit of the feeders, while the outputs of the first and second control and switching units of the feeder are the inputs for the third control and switching unit of the feeders, and the first unit of digital indication of the current state is connected to the first unit of the control and switching feeders panel board feeders, the first block for setting the delay for switching the feeders and the first block for setting the priorities of the feeders, the second block is connected to the second block of control and switching feeders digital display of the current state of the feeders of the panel board execution, the second block for setting the priority of the feeders, the second block for setting the delay of switching the feeders, the third block of the digital display for the current state of the feeders of the panel board, the third block for setting the delay of the feeder switching, the third block for setting the priorities feeders, the manual control unit is connected to the control units and switching feeders.

Feeder input devices are additionally equipped with remote control from the emergency shutdown panel. The first feeder control and switching unit can additionally be equipped with a device for protecting the feeder state control circuits against prolonged overvoltage, it can additionally have a priority feeder analysis and selection unit with the possibility of control from a programmable logic controller (PLC), and additionally can have a contactor and galvanic isolation device (UGR ), may additionally have a block for manual or automatic input of reserve UGR and reserve UGR, uninterruptible power supply (UBP) - up to eight devices, watts The second control unit and control unit of the control unit (made on the basis of modern intelligent control systems of the control unit itself, which have the highest technical characteristics), the control unit can additionally have a synchronization selection unit for redundant control units.

The third block of control and switching of the feeder can additionally be equipped with a control unit of zero switching time.

SPU can additionally have a hardware - software complex for diagnostics and control of SPU (with hardware for controlling, measuring and monitoring the state of the main elements and circuits of the installation) with the ability to remotely control and monitor the current state of the installation and the archive of emergency conditions of the installation.

The first stage of power supply is provided by the redundant primary power supply of the installation from the input feeders. Their automatic selection can be carried out on the basis of the analysis of the current state of the input feeders using hardware and software for monitoring and priority control using two control modes for the first stage of power supply (standard and pre-emergency). For this, the control system can additionally provide the technical ability to automatically remotely change the priority of the feeder and disconnect the feeder from the output of the power supply stage, as well as the ability to automatically select the control mode of the first power supply stage. The feeders are switched with an adjustable time delay in the calculation of the possible restoration of the parameters of the connected feeder.

The second stage of power supply is formed by uninterruptible power supply devices that provide continuous (without failures) power supply regardless of the condition of input feeders. UBP redundancy and their common mode operation allows consumers to transfer power from one UBP to another by electronic switches without failures in the power supply. In the second stage of power supply, up to eight UPSs can be connected. Additionally, in the control system, a UBN synchronization selection scheme can be applied.

The circuit analyzes the bypass voltage of the UPS (the hardware of the UPS is capable of performing this function in modern UPSs) and, in the event of its unacceptable deviation or failure, switches the input of the UPS synchronizing module from the output of the galvanic isolation device to the output of the first power supply stage, as well as using a contactor disconnects the UGR input (isolation transformer) from the output of the first power supply stage. This protects the output of the first stage of power supply from overloads from the side of the damaged UGR. In the case of special applications and at the request of the electricity consumer, the control system provides for the possibility of reserving UGR and manually or automatically entering the reserve of UGR. In this case, the control system is additionally equipped with a reserve control unit and an input unit for the reserve control unit. The manual input unit for the UGR reserve can be made on the basis of two coaxially switched overflow switches and the button for forcibly turning on the contactor 24, the automatic input unit for the UGR reserve can be made on the basis of two double contactors with mechanical blocking of the simultaneous inclusion and the device for starting the normal operation mode of the control unit. In the case of using a degenerate second stage of power supply (the stage consists of one UBP) in case of failure of the UGR or bypass of the UBP to prevent failures of the output voltage of the control system during switching in the third stage, additional use of low-power secondary uninterruptible power supplies of low DC voltage with a set voltage hold time within a few minutes at some of the most critical loads (signaling and signaling circuits of railway automation) of electricity consumers. Moreover, the use of the degenerate second stage of power supply of the SPU is a special case of the configuration of the claimed installation, and is performed at the request of the consumer of electricity in order to reduce the cost of the design.

The third stage of power supply is made up of redundant power from two sources: the output of the first stage of power supply and the output of the second stage of power supply. At the same time, the output of the second stage of power supply always has the highest priority, since modern intelligent redundant UPS systems provide the highest quality of the output voltage. In case of deterioration of the output voltage parameters of the second stage of power supply, caused by the loss of the input voltage of the second stage and the discharge of the battery, the third stage of the control system connects the voltage of the first stage of power supply to the output. At the same time, thanks to the synchronization selector, the synchronizing module of the UPS, and the control unit of zero switching time, the control unit ensures switching feeders without dips in the output voltage of the installation (when the logic removes permission to connect the UPS to the installation output, the third power supply first connects both input to the installation output feeder stage, and then turns off the defective output of the second stage of power supply). The switch of the third stage of power supply can be performed on contactors or on counter-connected thyristors, providing contactless switching. To ensure the third stage of switching in case of simultaneous failure of the input voltage of the second stage of power supply and failure of the inverter UBP as UGR, it is possible to use isolation transformers with zero switching group.

Thus, high-quality switching (without voltage dips and power surges) of feeders of the third stage and uninterrupted power supply to consumers in case of failure of the second stage of power supply or galvanic isolation device is achieved.

Additionally, the control system can have two levels of control and decision-making due to the possible use of the complex of diagnostics and control (CCD) of the control system:

- the first (lower) level of control is based on hardware electronic means for monitoring the status of feeders (phase control relays, voltage control relays, frequency control unit, etc.) that allows, with minimal time delays, to control input sources and issue permission for their connection to the priority block.

However, these devices are not able to detect some deviations in their work and their own malfunctions, for example, a constant enable signal at the output of the device and others.

- the second (upper) level of control and decision making can be performed on the basis of an embedded industrial computer (micro-computer) and industrial programmable logic controller (PLC). Specialized microcomputer software allows you to quickly monitor the voltage of outputs 1 and 3 of the power supply level, evaluate the quality of the lower control level and, if necessary, lower the priority of the selected power source.

Both control levels can select the control mode of the first power supply stage with the priority of solving the second control level.

The work of the KDU SPU can be implemented by the following distribution of functions between micro-computers and PLCs. PLC can perform:

- collection of logical information about the state of the hardware of the SPU;

- collection, normalization and digitization of analog information about the parameters of feeders SPU;

- software analysis of logical information;

- formation of control signals for SPU facilities. Micro-computer can perform:

- control of the numerical parameters of SPU feeders;

- control of power supply poles SPU;

- monitoring the functioning of elements and assemblies of the control system;

- identification of emergency situations SPU;

- maintaining an archive of events;

- visualization of the state of the nodes and assemblies of the SPU;

- interfacing with diagnostic systems and remote top-level monitoring.

The transfer of some control functions to the programmable logic controller can provide high quality and reliability of the installation due to the flexibility of control, relatively simple software solutions used in the PLC and the quick response of the PLC to changes in the input logical information about the state of the hardware of the control system.

In the case of further optimization of the control system of the control system, another division of functions between the components of the control system control system is possible.

The inventive installation is illustrated by the following graphic materials:

Figure 1 shows the structural diagram of the installation of uninterrupted power supply, where: 1 - main feeder; 2 - reserve feeder; 3 - diesel generator unit; 4 - input device of the first feeder; 5 - input device of the second feeder; 6 - input device; third feeder; 7 - emergency shutdown shield; 8 - the first block of control and switching feeders; 9 - galvanic isolation device; 10 - uninterruptible power supply; 11 - the second block of control and switching feeders; 12 - third block of control and switching feeders; 13 - manual control unit; 14 - the first block of digital indication of the current state of the feeders of panel board; 15 - the first block of the job delay delay feeders; 16 - the first block of the priority setting feeders; 17 - the second block of digital indication of the current state of the feeders of panel board; 18 - the second block of the priority setting feeders; 19 - the second block of the job delay switching feeders; 20 - the third block of digital indication of the current state of the feeders of the panel design; 21 - the third block of the job delay delay feeders; 22 - the third block of the priority setting feeders; 23 - measuring transducer of the parameters of a three-phase alternating current network (in the case of the use of 8 microprocessor electricity meters with network quality control in the first stage of power supply, it may not be installed); 24 - contactor; 25 - distributed control system based on PLC; 26 - micro-computers; 27 - monitor; 28 - block selection synchronization UBP; 29 - shield distribution of electricity; 30 - synchronization module UBP;

Figure 2 shows the structural diagram of the first control and switching unit, where: 31 is a control unit of the state of the feeder; 32 - block analysis and selection of priority feeder; 33 - block delay switching feeders; 34 - switch; 35 is a protection device for feeder state monitoring circuits; 36 - electricity meter;

Figure 3 shows the structural diagram of an uninterruptible power supply, where: 38 - rectifier; 39 - battery; 40 - synchronization module; 41 - inverter (converter); 42 - filter;

Figure 4 shows the structural diagram of the third control unit and switching, where: 31 - unit control the status of the feeder; 32 - block analysis and selection of priority feeder; 33 - block delay switching feeders; 34 - switch, 37 - control unit zero switching time;

Figure 5 shows the structural diagram of the control unit of the feeder, where:

43 - voltage control unit for lowering; 44 - excess voltage control unit; 45 - phase rotation control unit; 46 - phase imbalance control unit; 47 - phase loss control unit; 48 - frequency control unit;

Figure 6 shows the structural diagram of the protection device of the control circuits of the state of the feeder, where: 49 - step-down transformer; 50 - rectifier; 51 - threshold device; 52 - contactor;

Figure 7 shows the structural diagram of the block select synchronization UBP, where: 53 - block control bypass voltage; 54 - switch;

Figure 8 shows the structural diagram of the complex diagnostics and control SPU.

Figure 9 shows the structural diagram of the unit connecting the reserve device galvanic isolation SPU, where: 55 - changeover switch; 56 - button to force the contactor 24;

Input feeders 1, 2, 3 are intended for primary power supply of SPU, while input feeder 1 is the main one, input feeder 2 is the backup one, and 3 is the alternative network feeder or diesel generator unit. The diesel generator set (DGA) is controlled by DGA start and DGA stop signals in accordance with the logic of the current control mode of the first power supply stage.

The input devices of the feeders 4, 5, 6 are designed to protect against surge surges and remotely disconnect the feeders from the emergency shutdown switch 7, as well as to measure the differential currents of the direct and reverse conductors of the feeders in order to ensure electrical and fire safety of the control system.

The first 8, second 11 and third 12 feeder control and switching units are designed for current monitoring of the status of input feeders 1, 2, 3, redundant uninterruptible power supplies 10 and outputs of the second 11 and third 12 feeder control and switching units, respectively, and connect to the output the highest priority of serviceable feeders.

The structural diagram of the first control unit and switching feeders 8 (the first stage of power supply) is shown in Fig.2.

The voltages of the main and backup feeders 1 and 2 are supplied to the protection devices of the state control circuits 35 (the block diagram of the protection device of the control circuits of the feeder state is shown in Fig. 6., which disconnect the inputs of the control circuits from the feeder for prolonged (more than a specified time) overvoltage. Output voltage from feeder 3 bypass block 35.

Then the voltages of the feeders 1, 2 and 3 are supplied to the control units for the status of the feeders 31 (control information is reflected on the door digital indicators with manual phase selection 14), their connection enable signals are sent to the analysis and priority priority feeder units 32. The feeder priority can be set by the unit prioritization of 16 using jumpers or normally closed contacts of intermediate relays controlled by the output modules of the PLC KDU SPU. The upper control level can automatically change the priority of the feeder in order to prevent auto-oscillation switching mode, and if necessary, disconnect the feeder from the output. If there is no upper control level in the control system, the function of automatically changing the priority can be performed by hardware logic.

The control signal for selecting a priority feeder is fed to the feeder switching delay unit (delays are set by the feeder switching delay setting unit 15), from where it is transmitted to the switch made on the contactors. From the feeder switch, the voltage is supplied to the electricity meter 36 with the ability to measure and transmit information about the network parameters in micro-computers. If the meter does not have such a possibility, a measuring transducer of the parameters of the three-phase AC network 23 is installed at the output of the first control and switching unit 23. The output of the first control and switching unit of the feeder (8) is the output of the first stage of power supply of the control system.

Next, the voltage of the selected feeder is supplied to the contactor 24 and the galvanic isolation device 9 (UGR), made on the basis of an isolation transformer.

From the output of the UGR 9 voltage is supplied to the input of the second stage of power supply (control unit and switching feeders 11). At the request of the consumer of electricity, the control system can be equipped with a backup UGR and a manual or automatic input unit for a reserve UGR, which, in case of failure of the main UGR 9, allows you to switch the power to the reserve and force the contactor 24 to turn on.

The second 11 feeder control and switching unit is implemented on the basis of built-in intelligent control systems for redundant uninterruptible power supply devices 10, includes the UPS itself (up to 8 pieces), a digital display unit for the current status of the feeders 17, a priority setting unit for the feeders 18, a unit for setting the feeder switching delay delay 19, UBP 30 synchronizing module.

The UBP 30 synchronizing module provides high-precision mutual synchronization of the UBPs when they work together on a common load, and also synchronizes the output voltages of all UBPs with the bypass voltage (input voltage of redundant UBPs).

Due to the common mode of all voltage UBP operating mode with zero switching time. Uninterruptible power supply devices (UPS) 10 are designed to generate an alternating voltage output by double energy conversion. To do this, in normal mode, they use the energy of the input feeders - rectify the alternating current, charge the battery 39 (Fig.3) and again form an alternating voltage with the required parameters. In case of input feeder failure, UBP use battery energy. The structural diagram of UBP is presented in Fig.3.

The control system uses automatic switching of the synchronization signals of the UPS in the event of a bypass or supercritical deterioration of the bypass voltage (which is possible in the event of failure of the surge protection device). In this case, the synchronization selection unit 28 connects the voltage of the first stage of power supply to the input of the synchronization module 30 — the output of block 8, disconnects the contactor 24 (disconnects the UGR connection with the output of block 8) and prepares the output of the UPS for switching in the third stage of power supply.

To ensure switching in the third stage of power supply, while the input voltage of the second stage of power supply disappears and the inverters of the UBP fail, as UGR, it is possible to use isolation transformers with a zero switching group.

Thanks to such a technical solution, switching with zero switching time is carried out in the third control and switching unit.

The output of the redundant UPS is the output of the second stage of power supply of the control system. The structural diagram of the third block of control and switching of the feeder 12 (third stage of power supply) is shown in Fig.4.

The output voltages of the first 8 and second 11 power supply stages are fed to the input of the third feeder control and switching unit 12. This unit includes a feeder 31 status control unit, a priority feeder 32 analysis and selection unit, feeder switching delay unit 33, a switch 34 and a zero time control unit Shift 37.

The unit selects the priority feeder (the output of the second stage of power supply always has the highest priority) and commutes it according to the following algorithm.

In case of failure of the connected feeder, the switching zero time block 37 under the control of the PLC of the control panel of the control system or hardware logic first connects both input feeders of the third power supply stage to the output, and then disconnects the defective input feeder. After restoring normal operation of the second stage, the unit likewise switches the feeders to their original state.

For emergency switching of feeders of all levels of power supply, a manual control unit 13 can be used. The output voltage of the third stage is controlled by a measuring transducer of parameters of a three-phase AC 24, the readings of which are transmitted to the microcomputer KDU SPU. Further, the output voltage is supplied to the electricity distribution board and to the loads of consumers.

Figure 4 shows the structural diagram of an uninterruptible power supply, where the rectifier 38 is designed to convert the input AC voltage of the feeder to DC. The rectifier can be implemented based on the usual 3-phase diode circuit. Battery 39 is designed to store energy in normal operation and a backup source of power supply in case of failure of all water feeders. As a battery, a high voltage battery may be used.

The synchronization module 40 is designed to generate control signals for the inverter (converter) 41, as well as to coordinate the phases of all UPSs. The inverter is designed to form variable phase voltages (meander). The inverter can be implemented in the form of key circuits that are opened by signals from the synchronizing module 40. The filter 42 is designed to generate a sinusoidal output voltage of the UPS, namely, to eliminate high-frequency components from the output signal of the generator to consumers.

Figure 5 shows the structural diagram of the control unit of the feeder.

The voltage drop-down control unit 42 is designed to detect a case of a decrease in phase voltages below a threshold level. The block can be implemented as an autonomous multifunctional electromechanical semiconductor voltage relay or microelectronic device. The phase rotation control unit 45 is designed to detect cases of violation of the sequence of phase voltage in the feeder. The block can be implemented as an autonomous multifunctional electromechanical semiconductor voltage relay or microelectronic device. The phase imbalance control unit 44 is designed to detect cases of distortion of the vector diagram of a three-phase network - the appearance of an unacceptable voltage in the neutral wire. The block can be implemented as an autonomous multifunctional electromechanical semiconductor voltage relay or microelectronic device. The control unit for phase failure 46 is designed to detect cases of complete disappearance of one of the phases of the feeder. Monitoring this parameter allows you to distinguish between cases of voltage drop (block 42) and complete phase failure. As a result, in emergency situations, the operator can decide on the possibility of using a feeder with a low voltage level, which cannot be done when the phase disappears. The block can be implemented as an autonomous multifunctional electromechanical semiconductor voltage relay or microelectronic device.

The overvoltage control unit 43 is designed to detect cases of exceeding the phase voltage of the feeder above the specified limits. Such an excess is no less dangerous deviation from the normal state than a voltage reduction. The block can be implemented as an autonomous multifunctional electromechanical semiconductor voltage relay or microelectronic device. The frequency control unit 47 is designed to detect cases of unacceptable deviations of the frequency properties of the feeders from the nominal value. The block can be implemented as an autonomous multifunctional electromechanical semiconductor voltage relay or microelectronic device.

Figure 6 shows a structural diagram of a device for protecting circuits for monitoring the status of the feeder. The controlled voltage is supplied to the power contacts of the switched contactor 52 and to the step-down transformer 49. After the transformer, to the rectifier 50 and to the threshold device 51. If the threshold voltage level is exceeded

a threshold device disconnects the contactor 52 and the monitored voltage from the feeder state control circuits. The prototype uses current protection of the feeder state control circuits in the form of a fusible insert or a circuit breaker with an electromagnetic release. The fuse-link is not able to protect a single device for monitoring the status of the feeder, since the rated current of the fuse-link is selected as the closest (higher rated current series) to the total current consumption of all state-monitoring devices that are in the state of maximum power consumption at the maximum allowable supply voltage. Similarly, the rated current of the circuit breaker is selected. During overvoltages in the feeder, a number of feeder status monitoring devices may fail due to the redistribution of power consumption between the connected devices and the current reserve of the fuse-link or circuit breaker. Also, with such protection of the control circuits, any overvoltage leading to burnout of the fuse-link causes a temporary loss of the entire backup channel of the control system until the fuse-link is replaced or the circuit breaker is manually turned on, which in some cases may violate the guarantee of power supply to consumers.

Figure 7 shows the structural diagram of the block selection synchronization UBP. The bypass voltage (from output 9) is supplied to the voltage control unit 53, which, if an unacceptable deterioration of its performance or breakage is detected, gives the command to switch the switch 54. Normally closed contacts 54 connect the bypass voltage to the synchronization module of the UPS, and the normally open contacts - voltage the first stage of power supply (from exit 9). In the case of the use of modern UBP of leading world manufacturers, the function of the block 53 can be performed by built-in UBP equipment. The block of analysis and selection of priority feeder 32 is intended for receiving and processing information about the current state of feeders, receiving and storing the priorities of feeders, set by the operator and CDA of the control system, issuing information about the status of feeders to display units 14, 20; assessing the state and generating a switching signal depending on the given priorities 15, 21 and the current state of the feeders. The switching rule is to select the highest priority of serviceable feeders. The block analysis and selection of priority feeder 32 can be performed on a hardware basis with the inclusion of actuating relays controlled by the control system of the control system.

In the control and switching unit of the first stage of power supply, three priority levels are applied: 1 - the main feeder; 2 - reserve feeder; 3 - DGA. The first control and switching unit has two control modes, the selection of which is initiated by the software of the control system of the control system or the control logic of the control panel:

- Normal control mode of the first stage (in the presence of bypass voltage);

- pre-emergency control mode of the first stage (in the event of failure of the UGR or bypass voltage).

In the standard control mode, the control panel of the control panel of the control system (hardware logic) generates a signal to turn on the DGA only in case of failure of the main and backup feeders (before this, the DGA is in a cold reserve state). When the normal operation of one of the priority feeders resumes, the first control and switching unit of the feeders again switches the output from the DGA to the higher priority feeder, and the DGA stops its operation and is transferred to the cold reserve.

In the pre-emergency control mode of the first stage, the control and control system of the control system (hardware logic) generates a signal to turn on the DGA when at least one of the feeders fails - the main or backup. At the turn-on signal, the DGA starts up and is in a state of hot reserve, providing the necessary reservation of feeders for the first power supply stage. When resuming normal operation of the main feeder, the first block of control and switching feeders disables the DGA and puts it into cold standby mode. Thus, in the pre-emergency mode, in the absence of a bypass voltage, a hot reserve of the first power supply stage is provided. Thanks to this technical solution in a pre-emergency situation, the time of arrival of service engineers and the time for eliminating the malfunction provides guaranteed power to consumers with a minimum switching time (less than 1.3 sec) in the first stage of power supply.

Thus, the inventive installation, even in the mode of triple simultaneous failure of the reserve of all stages of power supply (failure of the main feeder, failure of the backup feeder and a full discharge of UBP batteries), provides power supply to consumers with an acceptable feeder switching time.

At the request of the consumer of electricity, the control system can be equipped with a reserve control unit with a manual input unit for a reserve control unit. This will allow, in a pre-emergency situation, in case of failure of the main UGR, the installation operator will manually transfer the control system to the backup control system and, using the force switch button of the contactor 24, return the control system to normal operation again. In the event of a pre-emergency situation, the operator is notified by an alarm signal, and the CDS CDU on the monitor recommends that you perform the troubleshooting steps and notify the service department. It is possible to use the automatic input unit for backup UGR performed on hardware logic. None of the known consumer primary nutrition systems has such parameters.

When switching feeders, self-oscillation mode may occur.

This may be due to the fact that in the off state, the higher priority feeder has stable parameters, and when the load is connected, parameters with a deviation from the norm. Then the hardware logic of the installation can continuously switch the output of the power supply stage from one feeder to another.

To stop this process, the microcomputer or hardware logic of the control system can count the number of switchings and, when the set number is reached, give a control signal to lower the priority of the feeder, so the oscillatory process can be stopped. After a specified time, the microcomputer (hardware logic) again returns the initial priority to the feeder and, if vibrations are resumed, turns on the alarm about the emergency state of this feeder.

The control and switching unit of the third stage of power supply works similarly to the first. It has two priority levels: 1 - output of redundant UPS; 2 - output of the first stage of power supply. The block of zero switching time provides switching feeders without dips in the output voltage of the installation.

The feeder switching delay block 33 is designed to exclude the operation of the switch 34 during short-term failures in the feeders. To solve this problem, the delay unit receives a signal from the analysis unit and the selection of priority feeder 32 delays it by the interval determined by the master units 15, 21. If during this interval the state of the failed (failed) feeder is restored, then the control signal will not be received at the switch.

Fig. 8 shows a structural diagram of a complex of diagnostics and control of a combined power supply unit of uninterrupted power supply (KDU SPU). Diagnostic complex KDU SPU is a combination of software and hardware designed to: control input power parameters; control of output parameters of power poles; monitoring the functioning of elements and assemblies of the control system; identification of pre-emergency conditions; maintaining an archive of the status of the control system in order to determine the causes of failures; interfacing with diagnostic systems and remote top-level monitoring;

According to Fig:

- The modules for collecting information, visualizing, generating alarms, and pairing with the control and control system of the control system are computer-based hardware, and it is possible to arrange them in one computer or as a distributed system with any task or group of tasks transferred to a separate computer running Windows (in in the future, various options for operating systems are possible);

- The information collection module collects information about the status of the control system from the monitoring objects into an ordered data structure and activates a software agent for access to the information base;

- The output control modules KDU SPU provide control signals to the actuators SPU;

- Information analysis modules in accordance with a given logic process the received data and form a control signal;

- The visualization module receives information from the ISI and uses it to visually display the status of the control system. The software module can be run both locally (on the same computer as the ISI), and remotely, several running instances of the module are allowed in different computers, their number is limited only by the bandwidth of the data network;

- The module for generating alarms takes information from the ISI and checks the received values for critical deviations. In the event of a critical deviation, an alarm is generated in accordance with the module configuration. You can run one instance of a software module on a local or remote computer;

- The database maintenance module converts the received information from the ISI into a format convenient for storage in a random access database, writes, indexes and reads the received state database of the control system. You can run one instance of a software module on a local or remote computer.

- A module for interfacing with a diagnostic and remote monitoring system (DM and UM) of the CDU SPU converts information received from the MSI into a format convenient for transmission to external diagnostic and remote monitoring systems. You can run one instance of a software module on a local or remote computer.

The interaction of software and hardware SPU can be built on the principle of mutual complement and control. If the elements of the hardware logic of the first level of control fail, the software part of the control system signals a detected malfunction, and if abnormal operation of the software of the control system of the control system is detected during cyclic tests, the control is transferred to the first - the hardware level of control of the control system.

Figure 9 shows the structural diagram of connecting the reserve device galvanic isolation SPU, where: 55 - changeover switch; 56 - button for forced switching on of the contactor 24. If the SPU is equipped with a backup UGR, the manual input unit of the backup UGR can be used to switch the SPU from the main UGR to the backup. The manual input unit of the UGR can consist of two coaxially connected changeover switches switching the output of the contactor 24 from one UGR to another and at the same time connecting the output of the selected UGR to the input of the second stage of power supply to consumers, as well as the forced switch button of the contactor 24. After transferring the control unit to the backup UGR and forced contactor 24 SPU automatically switches from pre-emergency operation to normal operation. It is possible to use the automatic input unit for backup UGR performed on hardware logic.

Thus, the inventive combined supply unit of uninterrupted power supply has a very high degree of survivability in the conditions of cumulative failure of the reserve of all levels of power supply, the highest power supply characteristics and provides a guaranteed and high-quality primary power supply to the most demanding consumers of electricity. The presence of KDU SPU in the composition of micro-computers and PLC allows without significant additional costs to increase the intellectual capabilities of the whole system as a whole and to optimize the principles and algorithms of control of the SPU.

Distinctive features of the claimed installation are:

1. The possibility of applying two-level control and decision-making (using hardware for monitoring the status of feeders and a complex of diagnostics and control - KDU SPU) while maintaining three levels of control and switching of power supplies. The prototype uses a single-level three-stage system of hardware control of the state of power sources.

2. The possibility of using protection devices for monitoring the state of input feeders from prolonged exceeding the permissible input voltage of the monitoring devices allows in the event of an accident to prevent the loss of the entire backup channel of the input power.

In the prototype and similar systems known to the authors for the power supply of automation devices, such devices are not used.

3. The possibility of using the redundant UPS synchronization selection block allows the operation of the third stage of power supply of the control system with zero switching time under the control of hardware logic or PLC. In the prototype and analogues known to the authors in the power supply systems of automation devices, such devices are not used.

4. The possibility of using automatic priority assignment and shutdown (using PLC) of power supplies of the 1st and 3rd power supply levels allows the upper level of decision-making to automatically control the process of optimal feeder selection.

5. The possibility of using two control modes of the first stage of power supply:

- normal control mode (with a good bypass voltage of the UPS);

- pre-emergency control mode (in case of bypass voltage failure - input voltage of the second stage of power supply). This ensures a guaranteed power supply to consumers with a minimum switching time (less than 1.3 seconds) even in the mode of three-time simultaneous failure of the reserve of all power supply stages of the control system (at least one of the input feeders 3 or 2, bypass supply and a complete discharge of the batteries of the redundant UPS unit).

In the prototype in this situation, after the fact of the accident, the power supply to the consumers is interrupted for a long time: the time delay for the start of the DGA and for the time of the very start of the DGA with access to the stable voltage generation mode. This pause in energy supply is supercritical and unacceptable for almost all responsible consumers of electricity.

6. The possibility of using a backup galvanic isolation device with a reserve input unit. This is not available in the prototype.

7. The possibility of using a complex of diagnostics and control of SPU, which allows you to:

- carry out two-level control of the input feeder selection process in the 1st and 3rd power supply stages by means of operational program analysis of the output level control data, confirmation or rejection of the hardware decision on the optimality of the choice made and, if necessary, automatic change of the feeder priority and their disconnection;

- carry out two-level (hardware and software) control of the states of output signals of the 1st and 3rd stages of control and switching of power supplies;

- promptly have complete information about the current state of the input feeders, outputs, as well as control data of the output parameters of the power poles, data on the monitoring of the functioning of the elements and units of the control system, data on pre-failure conditions;

- automatically maintain an archive of emergency conditions of the control system in order to determine the causes of failures;

- provide interfacing with diagnostic systems and remote monitoring of the upper level. This is not available in the prototype.

Claims (9)

1. A combined uninterruptible power supply installation comprising input feeders, input feeder devices, feeder control and switching units, characterized in that the installation includes a main feeder, a reserve feeder and an alternative network feeder or a diesel generator unit connected to water feeder devices, outputs which are connected to the input of the first block of control and switching feeders, the output of which is connected to a galvanic isolation device and to the input of the third block of control and switching feeders galvanic isolation devices are connected to the input of the second feeder control and switching unit, the second feeder control and switching unit includes uninterruptible power supplies, the outputs of which are the output of the second feeder control and switching unit, while the outputs of the first and second feeder control and switching units are inputs for the third the feeder control and switching unit, the output of the third feeder status and switching unit is connected to the electric distribution board, while to the first control unit the role and switching of feeders connected to the first block of digital indication of the current status of the feeders of the panel board, the first block of the delay delay switching feeders and the first block of setting the priorities of the feeders, the second block of control and switching feeders connected to the second block of the digital indication of the current state of the feeders of the panel board, the second block of setting priorities feeders, the second unit for setting the delay switching feeders, to the third block of control and switching feeders connected to the third block of digital indication of the current panel feeder statuses, third feeder switching delay setting unit, third feeder priority setting unit, manual control unit connected to the first, second and third feeder control and switching units. 2. The combined uninterruptible power supply unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the input devices of the feeders are additionally equipped with remote control from the emergency shutdown panel. 3. The combined uninterruptible power supply unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the first feeder control and switching unit is additionally equipped with a device for protecting the feeder state monitoring circuits from prolonged overvoltages. 4. The combined uninterruptible power supply unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the first feeder control and switching unit is additionally equipped with a priority feeder analysis and selection unit with the possibility of control from a programmable logic controller. 5. The combined uninterruptible power supply unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the first feeder control and switching unit additionally has two control modes (standard and pre-emergency), the selection of which is initiated by the software of the control system of the control system or the control logic of the control system. 6. The combined uninterruptible power supply installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the installation is additionally equipped with a backup galvanic isolation device and a manual or automatic input unit for a backup galvanic isolation device. 7. The combined uninterruptible power supply installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the installation is additionally equipped with a UPS synchronization selection unit. 8. The combined uninterruptible power supply unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the third control and switching unit of the feeder additionally has a control unit of zero switching time. 9. The combined uninterruptible power supply unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the installation is additionally equipped with a hardware-software complex of diagnostics and control (with hardware for controlling, measuring and monitoring the state of the main elements and circuits of the installation) with the possibility of remote control and monitoring of the current state installation and archive of emergency states of the installation.