KR20110099420A - Powder, glass and coating solution for blocking ultraviolet/infrared rays and manufacturing method the powder, glass and coating solution - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to ultraviolet and infrared ray shielding powders, a method for producing the powders thereof, and a glass and a coating agent including the ultraviolet ray and infrared ray blocking powders, and a method for producing the glass and the coating agent. A) dissolving at least two metal materials selected from W, Mo, In, Sb, Sn, Cs, Rb, V, Sr, Nb, Cr in an acid or a base and ionizing them; b) ionizing a solution of the selected metal materials Mixing, adjusting the acidity to obtain a precipitate comprising the metal material, c) drying and pulverizing the precipitate, and sintering at 450 to 650 ° C. to prepare a metal oxide material having a particle size distribution of 10 to 100 nm. Steps. The present invention having such a configuration provides a powder that can control the visible light transmittance and the blocking rate of ultraviolet rays and infrared rays by using a combination of metal oxides having a particle diameter of 10 to 100 nanometers, thereby showing versatility applicable to various applications. Without using a separate ultraviolet and infrared blocking member can be given functionality to have the ultraviolet and infrared blocking function in the application itself, there is an effect that can improve the ease of use, and reduce the cost.

Description

Ultraviolet and infrared blocking powders and methods for preparing the powders and glass and coating agents including ultraviolet and infrared blocking powders and methods for manufacturing the glass and coatings {Powder, glass and coating solution for blocking ultraviolet / infrared rays and manufacturing method the powder, glass and coating solution}

The present invention relates to ultraviolet and infrared ray shielding powder, a method for producing the powder and a glass and a coating agent comprising the ultraviolet ray and infrared ray blocking powder, and a method for producing the glass and the coating agent, in particular to block the generation of heat by the transmission of ultraviolet and infrared rays In addition, UV and infrared ray blocking powders and methods of preparing the powders, and glass and coating agents including the ultraviolet ray and infrared ray blocking powders, which can variously determine the color of the application product without adding an additional additive, and the manufacture of the glass and coating agent It is about a method.

In general, the glass used in automobiles has a suitable visible light transmittance, and has a function of blocking the heat ultraviolet rays and thermal infrared rays to prevent the interior temperature of the vehicle from rising.

However, the function of blocking ultraviolet rays and infrared rays is to attach a functional sheet of paper to the outside of the glass itself rather than a function of the glass itself, thereby acting to block ultraviolet rays and infrared rays by the function of the sheet.

In this way, the production of functional sheet paper separate from the manufacture of glass, and the separate operations to attach the sheet to the glass is required, and not only is it inconvenient to manufacture, but also excellent in blocking of ultraviolet rays and infrared rays depending on the sheet, but even visible light By blocking, it may be an obstacle to safe driving at night or in rainy weather.

In addition, the glass used in automobiles is colorless and transparent, but tuning is performed to allow users to attach the sheet paper to the glass according to the color of the vehicle or their own preferences so that the glass color can be seen differently. In this case, the selected sheet paper also has a suitable visible light transmittance. There is a need for a glass having a variety of its own color standardized in the light transmittance and meets the needs of the user.

The above description is limited to automobiles, but in areas where porch glass, building glass, etc., heat is blocked, and a suitable visible light transmittance is required, various colors are displayed on its own without any additional treatment as described above, and glass having proper visible light transmittance and thermal cutoff rate Development is required.

The problem to be solved by the present invention in consideration of the above problems, and a variety of colors, including ultraviolet and infrared blocking powder and a method for preparing the powder and ultraviolet and infrared blocking powder that can control the visible light transmittance, ultraviolet and infrared transmittance. To provide a glass and a coating and a method for producing the glass and coating.

In addition, another problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a glass including ultraviolet and infrared ray blocking powder, a method for preparing the powder and ultraviolet ray and infrared ray blocking powder which can lower the surface resistance to prevent the charging of static electricity.

The ultraviolet and infrared ray blocking powder of the present invention for solving the above problems is a metal mixed with oxides of two or more metal materials selected from W, Mo, In, Sb, Sn, Cs, Rb, V, Sr, Nb, Cr. As the mixture of the oxide materials, the metal oxide material is characterized in that a single main metal oxide material and at least one auxiliary metal oxide material is mixed 50 to 97wt%, 3 to 50wt%, respectively.

In addition, the UV and IR blocking powder production method of the present invention is a) W, Mo, In, Sb, Sn, Cs, Rb, V, Sr, Nb, Cr or two or more metal materials selected from dissolved in acid or base to ionize B) mixing the ionization solution of the selected metal materials and adjusting the acidity to obtain a precipitate containing the metal material, and c) drying and grinding the precipitate, followed by sintering at 450 to 650 ° C. A metal oxide material having a particle size distribution of 10 to 100 nm is included.

In addition, the glass containing the ultraviolet ray and infrared ray blocking powder of the present invention is WO ₃ , MoO ₃ , In ₂ O ₃ , Sb ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ , Cs ₂ O, Rb ₂ O, V ₂ O having a particle diameter of 10 to 30 nm ₅ , SrO, Nb ₂ O ₅ , CrO ₃ At least two selected metal oxide material is uniformly dispersed and mixed in a weight ratio of 10 to 20wt%, the main metal oxide material of the metal oxide material is 50 to 97wt%, auxiliary The metal oxide material is characterized in that it contains 3 to 50wt%.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a glass comprising the ultraviolet and infrared ray blocking powder is WO ₃ , MoO ₃ , In ₂ O ₃ , Sb ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ having a glass powder of 20 to 30wt%, particle diameter of 10 to 30nm , At least two or more selected from the group consisting of Cs ₂ O, Rb ₂ O, V ₂ O ₅ , SrO, Nb ₂ O ₅ , CrO ₃ , 20 to 20 wt%, glacial acetic acid, 0.001 to 0.1 wt%, tetraethyl uro Dispersing 1 to 3 wt% of borosilicate 46.9 wt% to 69.999 wt% of a solvent by mixing and dispersing the resultant in a dispersion stirrer, and drying the dispersion and stirring the resultant to coat the metal oxide material on the surface of the glass powder. Obtaining a masterbatch, and melting the masterbatch in an anti-oxidation atmosphere to produce infrared and ultraviolet blocking glass.

In addition, the coating agent including the ultraviolet ray and infrared ray blocking powder of the present invention is WO ₃ , MoO ₃ , In ₂ O ₃ , Sb ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ , Cs ₂ O, Rb ₂ having a particle diameter of 10 to 30 nm dispersed in a solvent. And at least two or more metal oxide materials selected from O, V ₂ O ₅ , SrO, Nb ₂ O ₅ , and CrO ₃ , a dispersant coated on the surface of the metal oxide material, and a SiO ₂ binder.

The present invention relates to a coating agent manufacturing method comprising the ultraviolet and infrared ray blocking powder, WO ₃ , MoO ₃ , In ₂ O ₃ , Sb ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ , Cs ₂ O, Rb ₂ O having a particle diameter of 10 to 30nm Preparing a metal oxide material selected from at least two of V ₂ O ₅ , SrO, Nb ₂ O ₅ , and CrO ₃ , 30 wt% of the metal oxide material, 0.25 to 2.5 wt% of a dispersant and a binder, and a solvent 65 to Dispersing 69.5 wt% in a wet disperser, wherein a dispersant and a binder are coated on the surface of the metal oxide material to prevent re-agglomeration between the metal oxide materials in the solvent.

The present invention having the configuration described above provides a powder that can control the visible light transmittance and the blocking rate of ultraviolet rays and infrared rays with a combination of metal oxides having a particle diameter of 10 to 100 nanometers, showing the versatility applicable to various applications, In particular, it is possible to impart functionality to have an ultraviolet and infrared blocking function in the application itself without using a separate ultraviolet and infrared blocking member, thereby improving the convenience of use and reducing the cost.

In addition, the present invention can display a variety of colors desired by the user without using a separate color additive by using the unique color of the main material of the metal oxide having a nanometer particle diameter, more environmentally friendly and reduce the manufacturing cost It can be effective.

In addition, since the present invention has a suitable visible light transmittance using a metal oxide, and can block ultraviolet rays and infrared rays, there is an effect that can prevent the static electricity is charged by lowering the surface resistance.

1 is a flow chart of the manufacturing process of the ultraviolet and infrared ray blocking powder according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a flow chart of the manufacturing process of the glass using ultraviolet and infrared blocking powder according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a flow chart of the manufacturing process of the coating using ultraviolet and infrared blocking powder according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, preferred embodiments of the present invention ultraviolet and infrared ray blocking powder, a method for producing the powder and the powder and the glass and the coating agent comprising the ultraviolet ray and infrared ray blocking powder and the method for producing the glass and coating agent are configured as described above It will be described in detail.

1 is a flow chart of the manufacturing process of the ultraviolet and infrared ray blocking powder according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 1, the ultraviolet and infrared ray blocking powder manufacturing method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of dissolving and ionizing the metal materials in the solvent (S10), the solvent in which the metal materials are dissolved, the acidity Controlling to crystallize to obtain a metal oxide material having a controlled particle size distribution (S20), drying and pulverizing the metal oxide materials (S30), and sintering the pulverized metal materials in a non-reactive atmosphere to 10 to 100 It comprises a step (S40) to prepare a functional powder by adjusting the particle size distribution in the nanometer.

Hereinafter, a method for preparing ultraviolet and infrared ray blocking powder according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention configured as described above in more detail.

First, in step S10, at least two or more metal materials selected from W, Mo, In, Sb, Sn, Cs, Rb, V, Sr, Nb, and Cr are dissolved in a solvent that can be dissolved.

The solvent for dissolving the metal material may be an acid or a base. Among the metal elements listed above, W and Mo are known to be insoluble in acid and not dissolved in NaOH. Other metal materials can be ionized by dissolving in hydrochloric acid.

When the W is dissolved in NaOH, Na ₂ WO ₄ and 4H ₂ O are generated. In the ionized state in which the metal materials are dissolved in a base or an acid, the metals are Na ₂ WO ₄ and NaMoO, respectively. ₃ , InCl ₃ , SbCl ₃ , SnCl ₄ , CsCl, RbCl, VCl ₅ , SrCl ₂ , Nb ₂ Cl ₅ , CrO ₂ Cl ₂ .

Next, in step S20, the metals dissolved in the solvent are mixed with each other in step S10, and the acidity is adjusted with an acid or a base to crystallize into an oxide of a metal material.

In the case of adjusting the acidity by addition of acid, the metal material is dissolved in a base. In this case, an acid is added to precipitate the oxide of the metal material which is not dissolved in the acid by adjusting the pH to 1-2.

In addition, when the acidity is adjusted by addition of a base, the metal material is dissolved in an acid and ionized. In this case, an oxide of a metal material which does not dissolve in the base is added by adding a base to adjust the pH to 5 to 6. Done.

In addition, it neutralizes by adding a methylcellulose solution, which is mixed with water and methylcellulose solution, and prevents the abrupt aggregation of the particles.

The metal oxides obtained through the mixing and crystallization of the ionized metal materials are present in the form of oxides of the mixture of the added metal materials, and detailed examples of the oxides of the metal material mixtures are described in more detail in the following examples. Explain.

As an example, in the case where W is the main material among the metal materials and Cs, Sb, and Sn are the auxiliary materials, a result of dissolving the main material W in NaOH and a result of dissolving Cs, Sb, and Sn in HCl, respectively. And the oxides of the metal materials produced when HCl and H ₂ O were added to adjust the acidity may be represented by H ₂ WO ₄ , CsWO ₄ , Sb ₂ WO ₆ , and SnWO ₅ .

When the metal materials are dissolved in an acid or a base, respectively, and the resultant is mixed and precipitated, the precipitate is H ₂ WO ₄ and Mo is H ₂ Mo0 ₃ which is dissolved in the base, respectively. The metals precipitate in the form of oxides in a mixture mixed with the main metal material. Examples thereof include In ₂ W0 ₆ , Sb ₂ W0 ₆ , SnW0 ₃ , Cs ₂ W0 ₄ , Rb ₂ W0 ₄ , and the like, and when the base is added to control acidity, the precipitate may include an OH group. Can be. Examples thereof include V ₂ (0H) ₃ and CsOH.

Such precipitates are described in more detail in the following test examples.

Next, in step S30, the resultant of step S20 is washed with water, and impurities and solvents are removed by centrifugal dehydration. At this time, the obtained metal oxide particles may be in a state of aggregation between each other, and dried and pulverized at room temperature.

Then, in step S40, the pulverized metal oxide particles are sintered in a non-reactive atmosphere in which nitrogen flows, thereby preparing ultraviolet and infrared blocking powders according to the present invention.

The metal oxide materials prepared by sintering are WO ₃ , MoO ₃ , In ₂ O ₃ , Sb ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ , Cs ₂ O, Rb ₂ O, V ₂ O ₅ , SrO, Nb ₂ O ₅ , CrO ₃

Such sintering is that the particles to evaporate the H ₂ O contained in the precipitate, in the case of H ₂ WO ₄ and H ₂ O is evaporated is possible to obtain a W oxide WO _3.

In addition, in the case of the precipitate including the OH group, it is possible to obtain a metal oxide represented by Cs ₂ O by H ₂ O evaporating from the precipitate of 2CsOH.

According to the sintering temperature used in the sintering process, the visible light transmittance, infrared ray and ultraviolet ray transmittance of the ultraviolet ray and infrared ray blocking powder of the present invention can be adjusted.

The higher the sintering temperature, the larger the particle size of the metal oxide particles, the higher the crystallinity, the higher the blocking effect of infrared rays and ultraviolet rays, and the lower the transmittance of visible light.

On the contrary, the lower the sintering temperature, the smaller the particle size of the metal oxide, the lower the crystallinity, the lower the infrared and ultraviolet blocking effect, the higher the visible light transmittance was confirmed.

Hereinafter, the light blocking test results of other infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking powders will be described in detail in the present invention. However, when the sintering temperature is 550 to 650 ° C., it can be confirmed experimentally that the most suitable visible light transmittance and infrared ray blocking rate are shown. .

That is, the present invention is to control the sintering temperature in the range of 550 to 650 ℃ to obtain a powder having a specific visible light transmittance and infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking rate.

The infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking powder is a mixture of at least two or more metal oxides selected from the above metal oxides in a predetermined weight ratio, and may be divided into a main metal oxide and an auxiliary metal oxide.

At this time, the mixing weight ratio of the main metal oxide is 50 to 97wt%, the auxiliary metal oxide is mixed in the weight ratio of 3 to 50wt%, the main metal oxide is a single metal oxide, the auxiliary oxide is a single metal oxide, or two or more metal oxides It may be mixed at an appropriate weight ratio.

Hereinafter, the test results of infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking rate, visible light transmittance, and respective color and surface resistance according to the mixing ratio and sintering temperature of powder mixed with different main metal oxides or auxiliary metal oxides will be described.

1) WO ₃ , Cs ₂ O, Sb ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂

When the infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking powder of the present invention is the main metal oxide is WO ₃ and the auxiliary metal oxide is Cs ₂ O, Sb ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ , as described above, W is dissolved in a base, and the auxiliary metal oxide is an acid. After dissolving in, it is possible to manufacture the infrared and ultraviolet blocking powder through the manufacturing method of step S10 to S40 described in detail above.

WO ₃ , the produced primary metal oxide, has a mixing ratio of 94 to 97 wt%, Cs ₂ O, one of the auxiliary metal oxides, 2.8 to 5.8 wt%, and Sb ₂ O ₃ and SnO ₂ so that 0.1 wt% may be mixed, respectively. When dissolved in an acid or a base, each equivalent ratio is adjusted to dissolve.

That is, Na ₂ WO ₄ in which W was dissolved in NaOH and CsCl, SbCl, SnCl _{4 in} which Cs, Sb, and Sn were dissolved in acid, respectively, were mixed, and acidity was adjusted to adjust H ₂ WO ₄ , CsWO ₄ , Sb ₂ WO ₆ , after obtaining SnWO ₅ , H ₂ O is removed through sintering to obtain a mixed powder of WO _3, CsWO ₄ , Sb ₂ WO ₆ , SnWO ₅ .

The sintering temperatures were 450, 550, 650, and 750 ° C. in the step S40 of preparing the infrared and ultraviolet blocking powders according to the present invention, respectively. It described in 1.

The test sample was obtained by coating a transparent resin sample with a thickness of 4 μm on a transparent resin sample in which 10 wt% of the powder mixed with WO ₃ , Cs ₂ O, Sb ₂ O ₃ , and SnO ₂ was mixed with 30 wt% of a binder and 60 wt% of a solvent. Used.

Composition wt% WO ₃ : Cs ₂ O: Sb ₂ O ₃ : SnO ₂
97: 2.8: 0.1: 0.1 WO ₃ : Cs ₂ O: Sb ₂ O ₃ : SnO ₂
96: 3.8: 0.1: 0.1 WO ₃ : Cs ₂ O: Sb ₂ O ₃ : SnO ₂
95: 4.8: 0.1: 0.1 WO ₃ : Cs ₂ O: Sb ₂ O ₃ : SnO ₂
97: 5.8: 0.1: 0.1 Sintering Temperature
(℃) 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 Visible light transmittance
(%) 78 74 70 65 74 70 65 61 72 68 65 61 68 64 61 59 Infrared cut off rate
(%)
66 73 77 80 76 81 84 87 78 83 87 91 80 85 89 93 UV protection rate
(%) 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 color Dark blue resistance
(Ω /
cm ² )

10 ⁸
10 ⁶
10 ⁵
10 ⁴

In the above test results, the second sample with the main metal oxide addition ratio of 96wt% showed the most suitable value in the visible light transmittance, infrared ray blocking rate and ultraviolet ray blocking rate when the sintering temperature was 550 ° C. It has also been found to be within the range that can be used for glass applied to various applications.

In addition, the particle size of the metal oxides increased with the sintering temperature, the visible light transmittance was lowered, the infrared blocking rate was increased, and the UV blocking rate was all 99% or more at the metal oxide particle size when the sintering temperature is higher than 400 ℃. I could confirm it.

As the sintering temperature increases, the particle size increases and dispersion is difficult. Therefore, at a temperature of 800 ° C., the light transmittance is not uniformly expressed in the entire coating layer.

2) WO ₃ , Cs ₂ O

When the main metal oxide is WO ₃ and the auxiliary metal oxide is Cs ₂ O, a mixed weight ratio of 94 to 97 wt% and 3 to 6 wt% was used, and other test conditions were tested under the same conditions as in 1). It was.

That is, 125.4 g and 7.17 g of ionized CsCl were mixed in the result of dissolving the ionized Na ₂ WO ₄ and Cs in the acid in the result of dissolving W in the base, and hydrochloric acid, water, and methylcellulsolve were mixed. H ₂ WO ₄ and Cs ₂ WO ₄ are precipitated and sintered to precipitate WO ₃ and Cs ₂ WO ₄ . At this time, according to the mixing ratio of the ionization solution, WO ₃ and Cs ₂ O are mixed at a mixing weight ratio of 94 wt% and 6 wt%, respectively.

As such, the mixing weight ratio of WO ₃ and Cs ₂ O is controlled by controlling the equivalent ratio, and the particle size is adjusted by sintering temperature, and the test results of transmittance or blocking rate, surface resistance, and color for each light are shown in Table 2 below.

Composition wt% WO ₃ : Cs ₂ O
97: 3 WO ₃ : Cs ₂ O
96: 4 WO ₃ : Cs ₂ O
95: 5 WO ₃ : Cs ₂ O
94: 6 Sintering Temperature
(℃) 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 Visible light transmittance
(%) 88 85 77 71 75 73 65 61 76 74 70 66 68 64 61 59 Infrared cut off rate
(%)
57 70 75 77 68 71 77 85 76 78 82 86 80 85 89 93 UV protection rate
(%) 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 color Indigo blue resistance
(Ω /
cm ² )

10 ⁸
10 ⁶
10 ⁵
10 ⁴

At this time, the sample sintered at 650 ° C. in the third sample mixed with 95 wt% of WO ₃ was most suitable, and other samples may be used for suitable applications considering various glass applications.

As in the results of Table 1, the test results of 1) are slightly different in color from the results of Table 2 due to the difference in auxiliary metal oxides, and the resistance is confirmed to represent the same surface resistance due to the same main metal oxides. It became.

3) WO ₃ , Cs ₂ O, In ₂ O ₃

When the main metal oxide is also WO ₃ and the auxiliary metal oxides are Cs ₂ O and In ₂ O ₃ , the mixing weight ratio is 94 to 97 wt% of the main metal oxide and 1.5 to 3 wt% of the auxiliary metal oxide, respectively. And other test conditions were tested under the same conditions as for the other tests described above.

The results are shown in Table 3 below.

Composition wt% WO ₃ : Cs ₂ O: In ₂ O ₃
97: 1.5: 1.5 WO ₃ : Cs ₂ O: In ₂ O ₃
96: 2: 2 WO ₃ : Cs ₂ O: In ₂ O ₃
95: 2.5: 2.5 WO ₃ : Cs ₂ O: In ₂ O ₃
94: 3: 3 Sintering Temperature
(℃) 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 Visible light transmittance
(%) 88 85 77 71 75 71 68 61 81 78 70 66 68 64 60 55 Infrared cut off rate
(%)
66 72 76 79 75 81 85 89 76 78 82 86 80 88 89 93 UV protection rate
(%) 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 color Greenish blue resistance
(Ω /
cm ² )

10 ⁸
10 ⁶
10 ⁵
10 ⁴

At this time, the sample sintered at 550 ° C. in the second sample mixed with 96 wt% WO ₃ was most suitable, and other samples may also be used in suitable applications considering various glass applications.

In particular, it was found that there is a slight change in the color of the main metal oxide depending on the type of the auxiliary metal oxide. I can make it.

As such, since the present invention does not use a separate color additive, the present invention can reduce manufacturing costs and can be applied to more environmentally-friendly glass products in manufacturing or disposal.

4) WO ₃ , Rb ₂ O

When the main metal oxide is also WO ₃ and the auxiliary metal oxide is Rb ₂ O, a mixed weight ratio of 94 to 97 wt% of the main metal oxide and 3 to 6 wt% of the auxiliary metal oxide was used. The results of the test under the same conditions as shown in Table 4 are shown in Table 4 below.

Composition wt% WO ₃ : Rb ₂ O
97: 3 WO ₃ : Rb ₂ O
96: 4 WO ₃ : Rb ₂ O
95: 5 WO ₃ : Rb ₂ O
94: 6 Sintering Temperature
(℃) 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 Visible light transmittance
(%) 88 85 77 71 75 73 65 61 80 76 74 70 68 64 61 59 Infrared cut off rate
(%)
57 70 75 77 68 71 77 85 76 78 82 90 80 85 89 93 UV protection rate
(%) 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 color Dark blue resistance
(Ω /
cm ² )

10 ⁸
10 ⁶
10 ⁵
10 ⁴

At this time, the sample sintered at 750 ° C. in the third sample containing 95 wt% of WO ₃ was most suitable.

This indicates that the sintering temperature should be determined to an appropriate temperature according to the type of auxiliary metal oxide. As the present invention, sintering is performed at 450 to 750 ° C., most of which is the most suitable visible light transmittance in the range of 550 to 650 ° C. It was confirmed to have an infrared ray blocking rate.

In addition, although the main metal oxide is the same as the test results of 1) to 3) above, unlike the test results of 3), the color different from the color indicated by the main metal oxide is also expressed by the type of the auxiliary metal oxide. Could know.

5) WO ₃ , Rb ₂ O, In ₂ O ₃

When the main metal oxide is also WO ₃ and the auxiliary metal oxides are Rb ₂ O and In ₂ O ₃ , the mixing weight ratio is 94 to 97 wt% of the main metal oxide and 1.5 to 3 wt% of the auxiliary metal oxide, respectively, in the same mixing ratio. Was used.

Composition wt% WO ₃ : Rb ₂ O: In ₂ O ₃
97: 1.5: 1.5 WO ₃ : Rb ₂ O: In ₂ O ₃
96: 2: 2 WO ₃ : Rb ₂ O: In ₂ O ₃
95: 2.5: 2.5 WO ₃ : Rb ₂ O: In ₂ O ₃
94: 3: 3 Sintering Temperature
(℃) 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 Visible light transmittance
(%) 88 85 77 71 77 74 72 67 81 78 70 66 68 64 60 55 Infrared cut off rate
(%)
66 72 76 79 80 88 92 94 76 78 82 86 80 88 89 93 UV protection rate
(%) 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 color Bright blue resistance
(Ω /
cm ² )

10 ⁸
10 ⁶
10 ⁵
10 ⁴

At this time, the sample sintered at 650 ° C. was the most suitable in the second sample mixed with 96 wt% of WO ₃ , and as described above, the application of glass products to block ultraviolet rays and infrared rays was varied. By adjusting the sintering temperature and composition ratio appropriately in the range it is possible to produce a product that meets the application.

6) WO ₃ , MoO ₃ , Cs ₂ O

When the main metal oxide is also WO ₃ and the auxiliary metal oxides are MoO ₃ and Cs ₂ O, the mixing weight ratio is 50 to 80 wt% of the main metal oxide, 15 to 45 wt% of the auxiliary metal oxide MoO ₃ , and other auxiliary metal oxides. Cs ₂ O was tested with the addition ratio fixed at 5 wt%, and the results are shown in Table 6.

Composition wt% WO ₃ : MoO ₃ : Cs ₂ O
80: 15: 5 WO ₃ : MoO ₃ : Cs ₂ O
70: 25: 5 WO ₃ : MoO ₃ : Cs ₂ O
60: 35: 5 _{WO 3: MoO 3: Cs 2} O
50: 45: 5 Sintering Temperature
(℃) 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 Visible light transmittance
(%) 59 54 45 47 55 50 44 40 49 46 44 40 48 44 40 35 Infrared cut off rate
(%)
82 88 91 94 88 93 94 96 90 95 96 97 90 96 97 98 UV protection rate
(%) 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 color Reddish brown resistance
(Ω /
cm ² )

10 ⁸
10 ⁶
10 ⁵
10 ⁴

Unlike the other tests, the mixed weight ratio of the main metal oxides differs significantly from sample to sample. The test shows that the transmittance of visible light is relatively lower and the infrared ray blocking rate is higher than other tests.

In this test, the possibility of a powder which can increase the blocking rate of both visible light and infrared light was confirmed by the difference in the mixing weight ratio of the main metal oxide and the auxiliary oxide.

The field of application of the example of test 6) is difficult to see inside, and is expected to be used for exterior walls of indoor swimming pools and restaurants as it can block ultraviolet rays and infrared rays.

7) MoO ₃ , Cs ₂ O

The main metal oxide is MoO ₃ dissolved in a salt such as tungsten, and when the auxiliary metal oxide is Cs ₂ O, the mixing weight ratio is mixed at 94 to 97 wt% of the main metal oxide and 3 to 6 wt% of the auxiliary metal oxide Cs ₂ O. Was tested and the results are shown in Table 7.

Composition wt% MoO ₃ : Cs ₂ O
97: 3 MoO ₃ : Cs ₂ O
96: 4 MoO ₃ : Cs ₂ O
95: 5 MoO ₃ : Cs ₂ O
94: 6 Sintering Temperature
(℃) 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 Visible light transmittance
(%) 59 54 45 47 55 50 44 40 72 67 63 55 67 65 61 55 Infrared cut off rate
(%)
62 66 69 74 70 74 79 85 79 88 89 90 86 92 97 98 UV protection rate
(%) 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 color Dark brown resistance
(Ω /
cm ² )

10 ¹⁰
10 ⁹
10 ⁸
10 ⁷

This test was to confirm the change of surface resistance when the main metal oxide was changed. The most preferred sample was 94 wt% of the main material, and the sample was sintered at 550 ° C.

8) V ₂ O ₃ , Cs ₂ O

The main metal oxide is V ₂ O ₃ dissolved in acid, and the auxiliary metal oxide is Cs ₂ O. In this case, the secondary metal oxide Cs ₂ O is mixed at 3 to 6 wt% with 94 to 97 wt% of the main metal oxide. The results are shown in Table 8 below.

Composition wt% V ₂ O ₃ : Cs ₂ O
97: 3 V ₂ O ₃ : Cs ₂ O
96: 4 V ₂ O ₃ : Cs ₂ O
95: 5 V ₂ O ₃ : Cs ₂ O
94: 6 Sintering Temperature
(℃) 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 Visible light transmittance
(%) 59 54 45 47 57 55 46 41 52 50 45 42 49 42 36 34 Infrared cut off rate
(%)
62 66 71 76 72 76 81 88 79 90 92 93 86 92 97 98 UV protection rate
(%) 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 color Grayish brown resistance
(Ω /
cm ² )

10 ¹⁰
10 ⁹
10 ⁸
10 ⁷

The above samples having a visible light transmittance and an infrared ray blocking range in this range can be applied according to the purpose of use.

9) V ₂ O ₃ , Nb ₂ O ₅ , Cs ₂ O

CrO ₃ is used as the main metal oxide, and the auxiliary metal oxide is Nb ₂ O ₅ or Cs ₂ O. Table 9 shows the test results when the secondary metal oxide Nb ₂ O ₅ is added to the main metal oxide 94 to 97wt% 2 to 5wt%, Cs ₂ O is 1wt% fixed amount.

Composition wt% V ₂ O ₃ : Nb ₂ O ₅ : Cs ₂ O
97: 2: 1 V ₂ O ₃ : Nb ₂ O ₅ : Cs ₂ O
96: 3: 1 V ₂ O ₃ : Nb ₂ O ₅ : Cs ₂ O
95: 4: 1 V ₂ O ₃ : Nb ₂ O ₅ : Cs ₂ O
94: 5: 1 Sintering Temperature
(℃) 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 Visible light transmittance
(%) 34 33 29 27 39 35 33 31 41 40 35 32 41 38 32 29 Infrared cut off rate
(%)
62 66 71 79 77 83 89 90 85 92 94 97 77 82 85 87 UV protection rate
(%) 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 color Dark brown resistance
(Ω /
cm ² )

10 ¹⁰
10 ⁹
10 ⁸
10 ⁷

Such samples having a relatively low visible light transmittance in this range and having a high infrared ray blocking rate may be applied according to the purpose of use.

10) CrO ₃ , Cs ₂ O

CrO ₃ is used as the main metal oxide, and the auxiliary metal oxide is Cs ₂ O. At this time, the main metal oxide 94 to 97wt% of the secondary metal oxide of Cs ₂ O is mixed 3 to 6wt%, the results are as shown in Table 10, showing a high visible light transmittance and a low infrared ray blocking rate.

Composition wt% CrO ₃ : Cs ₂ O
97: 3 CrO ₃ : Cs ₂ O
96: 4 CrO ₃ : Cs ₂ O
95: 5 CrO ₃ : Cs ₂ O
94: 6 Sintering Temperature
(℃) 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 Visible light transmittance
(%) 79 77 73 66 88 85 80 74 75 81 83 84 77 75 71 63 Infrared cut off rate
(%)
57 63 65 70 65 70 74 77 61 66 67 69 54 59 62 64 UV protection rate
(%) 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 color Grayish brown resistance
(Ω /
cm ² )

10 ¹⁰
10 ⁹
10 ⁸
10 ⁷

11) CrO ₃ , Rb ₂ O

CrO ₃ is used as the main metal oxide, and the auxiliary metal oxide is Rb ₂ O. At this time, the main metal oxide 94 to 97wt% of the auxiliary metal oxide Rb ₂ O is mixed 3 to 6wt%, the results are as shown in Table 11, and similar to the test 10) high visible light transmittance and low infrared blocking rate Indicates.

Composition wt% CrO ₃ : Rb ₂ O
97: 3 CrO ₃ : Rb ₂ O
96: 4 CrO ₃ : Rb ₂ O
95: 5 CrO ₃ : Rb ₂ O
94: 6 Sintering Temperature
(℃) 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 Visible light transmittance
(%) 79 77 73 66 85 84 80 74 83 81 75 69 77 75 71 63 Infrared cut off rate
(%)
57 63 65 70 65 70 74 77 61 66 67 69 54 59 62 64 UV protection rate
(%) 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 color Grayish brown resistance
(Ω /
cm ² )

10 ¹⁰
10 ⁹
10 ⁸
10 ⁷

12) CrO ₃ , Cs ₂ O, SnO ₂

CrO ₃ is used as the main metal oxide. Examples of the oxides having the secondary metal oxides of Cs ₂ O and SnO ₂ are 93 to 97 wt% of the main metal oxide and 0.1 wt% of the auxiliary metal oxide SnO _2. The metal oxide, Cs ₂ O, is mixed with 2.9 to 5.9 wt% and the results are shown in Table 12 below.

Composition wt% CrO ₃ : Cs ₂ O: SnO ₂
97: 2.9: 0.1 CrO ₃ : Cs ₂ O: SnO ₂
96: 3.9: 0.1 CrO ₃ : Cs ₂ O: SnO ₂
95: 4.9: 0.1 CrO ₃ : Cs ₂ O: SnO ₂
94: 5.9: 0.1 Sintering Temperature
(℃) 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 Visible light transmittance
(%) 75 73 71 66 77 75 73 67 83 82 80 74 77 75 71 63 Infrared cut off rate
(%)
54 57 63 65 61 63 64 66 58 61 70 72 54 59 62 64 UV protection rate
(%) 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 color Greenish brown resistance
(Ω /
cm ² )

10 ¹⁰
10 ⁹
10 ⁸
10 ⁷

13) V ₂ O ₃ : SrO: Cs ₂ O

V ₂ O ₃ is used as the main metal oxide, and examples of oxides in which the secondary metal oxides are Cs ₂ O and SrO are 93 to 97 wt%, and the secondary metal oxide Cs ₂ O is fixed at 0.1 wt%. And, another auxiliary metal oxide SrO is 2.9 to 5.9wt% is mixed and the results are shown in Table 13 below.

Composition wt% V ₂ O ₃ : SrO: Cs ₂ O
97: 2.9: 0.1 V ₂ O ₃ : SrO: Cs ₂ O
96: 3.9: 0.1 V ₂ O ₃ : SrO: Cs ₂ O
95: 4.9: 0.1 V ₂ O ₃ : SrO: Cs ₂ O
94: 5.9: 0.1 Sintering Temperature
(℃) 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 Visible light transmittance
(%) 75 73 71 66 77 75 73 67 86 84 82 74 77 75 71 63 Infrared cut off rate
(%)
54 57 63 65 61 63 64 66 58 61 68 72 54 59 62 64 UV protection rate
(%) 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 color Reddish brown resistance
(Ω /
cm ² )

10 ¹⁰
10 ⁹
10 ⁸
10 ⁷

In case of test 13), 95wt% of main metal oxide is mixed, and sintering temperature is 650 ℃, it is the best sample when considering both ratios with visible light transmittance of 82% and infrared ray blocking rate of 68%.

However, as mentioned above, it can be used variously selected according to the purpose of use of the infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking powder according to the present invention.

As a result, the present invention is a mixture of 50 to 97wt% of the main metal oxide at least 3 to 50wt% of at least one auxiliary metal oxide, the metal oxides 10 so that the blocking effect of the infrared and ultraviolet rays represented by each can be uniformly expressed 10 It is applied by grinding to a particle size of 100nm.

In addition, by mixing the main metal oxide and secondary metal oxide can make a slight difference in a specific color and its color, it is easy to make the color desired by the consumer without using a separate material for the color.

Figure 2 is a flow chart of the manufacturing process of the glass according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 2 is a method of manufacturing a glass according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the glass powder and the step of preparing the present invention infrared and ultraviolet blocking powder prepared according to the manufacturing method described in detail with reference to Figure 1 (S110) And 20-30 wt% of the glass powder, 10-20 wt% of the infrared ray and ultraviolet ray shielding powder, 0.001-0.1 wt% of glacial acetic acid, and 1 to 3 wt% of tetraethylortho silicate as a dispersing agent to 46.9 wt% to 69.999 mixing and dispersing with wt% (S120) and drying the dispersed agitated product to obtain a master batch coated with infrared and ultraviolet blocking powder on the surface of the glass powder by the dispersion stirring on the surface of the glass powder. To step (S130), and the step of melting the masterbatch in an anti-oxidation atmosphere to produce an infrared ray and UV-blocking glass (S140).

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a glass according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention configured as described above in more detail.

First, in step S110 to prepare a glass powder (raw material) used for the manufacture of general glass, and prepares infrared and ultraviolet blocking powder according to the present invention.

Although described in detail above, the infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking powder according to the present invention may be selected from metal oxides by mixing at least two or more metals according to the characteristics of the glass product to be manufactured, and selected according to the color of the glass product to be manufactured.

Next, in step S120, glass powder, infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking powder, alcohol or water solvent, glacial acetic acid and tetraethylortho silicate prepared in a wet dispersion grinder using zirconia ball are mixed and added in the range of the weight ratio described above.

Then, the wet dispersion grinder is operated to achieve a predetermined time of grinding and dispersion. Such grinding and dispersing process may vary in the time required for dispersing grinding depending on the type of wet dispersion grinder selected, the amount and size of the zirconia balls.

Irrespective of the time required for such dispersion grinding, the average particle diameter of the glass powder is pulverized and dispersed to a particle diameter of 100 nm, the infrared and ultraviolet blocking powder 10 to 30 nm.

The added tetraethylortho silicate allows the infrared and ultraviolet blocking powder to be adsorbed on the surface of the glass powder, and glacial acetic acid promotes its action.

Then, in step S130, the resultant of the dispersion grinding is dehydrated and dried at room temperature to obtain a glass masterbatch having an average particle diameter of 100 nm and a surface coated with infrared rays and ultraviolet rays having a particle diameter of 10 to 30 nm.

Then, in step S140 to manufacture a glass product using the obtained masterbatch. At this time, in the process of melting the masterbatch, the melting is made in an atmosphere in which nitrogen is supplied so as not to be oxidized, and after melting, a glass product is manufactured through a suitable processing process.

Figure 3 is a flow chart of the coating manufacturing process including infrared and ultraviolet blocking powder according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 3, a method for preparing a coating including infrared and ultraviolet blocking powder according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, preparing a UV and infrared blocking powder according to the present invention that is a mixture of a main metal oxide and an auxiliary metal oxide ( S210), and the step of injecting the ultraviolet and infrared cut powder with a solvent, a binder, and a dispersant in a wet disperser (S220), and operating the wet disperser to disperse the ultraviolet and infrared cut powder in the solvent, the surface In step S230 to be coated with a binder and a dispersant.

Hereinafter, a method for preparing a coating including the infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking powder will be described in more detail.

First, in step S210, as described in detail above, at least two metal materials selected from W, Mo, In, Sb, Sn, Cs, Rb, V, Sr, Nb, and Cr are dissolved in an acid or a base and ionized, followed by mixing and A metal oxide material obtained by obtaining a precipitate through acidity cutting and sintering it, wherein the mixed weight ratio of the main metal oxide material is 50 to 97 wt%, and the mixed weight ratio of the at least one auxiliary metal oxide material is 3 to 50 wt% mixed infrared ray. And a sunscreen powder. The particle diameter of the infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking powder is preferably 10 to 100nm.

In this case, since the method for preparing the infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking powder has been described in detail with reference to FIG. 1, the description of the method for producing the infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking powder in step S210 is omitted.

Next, in step S220, the prepared infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking powder are added to a wet dispersion machine together with a solvent, a dispersant, and a binder.

Water, alcohol, MEK, toluene may be used as the solvent, and the dispersing agent suitable for each solvent is added together to prevent re-agglomeration of the infrared ray and UV-blocking powder dispersed.

When the dispersant is water, it is preferable to use a silicone-based binder (for example, BYK-190), and when the solvent is an alcohol, an alcohol dispersant, a methylcellulose solution, or a glycol dispersant may be used. In the case of MEK, acetone or a silane-based (Z6040 from Dow Corning) dispersant may be used, and benzene may be used when the solvent is toluene.

In addition, the binder uses a silicon oxide binder having excellent light transmittance.

The input ratio of the metal oxide particles, the binder, the dispersant, and the solvent was tested when 30 wt% of the metal oxide particles, 0.25 to 2.5 wt% of the dispersant and the binder, and 65 to 69.5 wt% of the solvent were considered in consideration of productivity and dispersion effect. Most appropriate.

The zirconia ball may be added to the wet disperser to control the particle size distribution of the metal oxide particles dispersed by the zirconia ball to 10 to 30 nm.

Next, in step S230, the wet dispersion machine is driven to prepare a coating material in which infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking powder are dispersed in a solvent.

This process pulverizes and disperses the infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking powder (metal oxide particles) having the particle diameter of 10 to 100 nm in the solvent to the particle diameter of 10 to 30 nm, and during the dispersion, a binder and To allow the dispersant to be coated.

The role of the dispersant is to prevent the dispersed infrared and ultraviolet blocking powders from re-aggregating with each other, and when the binder is sprayed onto the surface of the glass or other coating object, the infrared and ultraviolet blocking powders are applied to the surface of the coating object. It is to maintain a firmly attached coating state.

The color of the coating prepared as described above also exhibits the unique color represented by the infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking powder without adding a separate color additive, and thus the main metal oxide material of the infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking powders so as to match the color desired by the user. By selecting the auxiliary metal oxide material and can be easily manufactured.

As such, the present invention can easily stir the particle diameter of the mixed powder of the metal oxide materials in the sintering process to produce infrared and UV blocking powders having a light transmission or light blocking rate that is suitable for various applications. By using the color of the mixture, it is possible to implement a variety of colors to match the taste of the consumer directly on the glass, or to be used as a coating agent.

In particular, the method of attaching a UV blocking film is applied to the glass of the existing vehicle, the present invention can directly impart the infrared and UV blocking function to the glass of the car, it can be given a color without using a separate color additives,

By providing a coating that can be sprayed rather than a film type, anyone can easily apply a coating having a suitable visible light transmittance and infrared ray and ultraviolet ray blocking rate to existing glass.

Claims (9)

As a mixture of metal oxide materials in which oxides of at least two metal materials selected from W, Mo, In, Sb, Sn, Cs, Rb, V, Sr, Nb and Cr are mixed,
The metal oxide material is a single primary metal oxide material and at least one auxiliary metal oxide material 50 to 97wt%, 3 to 50wt% of the infrared and ultraviolet blocking powder, characterized in that the mixture.
The method of claim 1,
The metal oxide materials have a particle diameter of 10 to 100 nm, and thus the metal oxide materials prepared by sintering are WO ₃ , MoO ₃ , In ₂ O ₃ , Sb ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ , Cs ₂ O, Rb ₂ O, V ₂ At least two or more selected from O ₅ , SrO, Nb ₂ O ₅ , CrO ₃ , and an infrared ray-blocking powder.
a) dissolving at least two metal materials selected from W, Mo, In, Sb, Sn, Cs, Rb, V, Sr, Nb and Cr in an acid or a base to ionize them;
b) mixing the ionization solution of the selected metal materials, and adjusting the acidity to obtain a precipitate containing the metal material; And
c) drying and pulverizing the precipitate, and sintering at 450 to 650 ° C. to prepare a metal oxide material having a particle size distribution of 10 to 100 nm.
The method of claim 3,
The metal oxide material is prepared by evaporating the H ₂ O from the precipitate by sintering, WO ₃ , MoO ₃ , In ₂ O ₃ , Sb ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ , Cs ₂ O, Rb ₂ O, V ₂ O ₅ , SrO, Nb ₂ O ₅ , CrO ₃ At least two or more of the infrared and ultraviolet blocking powder production method characterized in that the mixture is selectively mixed.
The method according to claim 3 or 4,
The step b)
By adding acid or base to adjust the acidity, the pH is adjusted to 1-2 or 5 to 6 to precipitate precipitates, which are metal oxides insoluble in acids and bases, respectively, and the particle size increases due to the rapid precipitation reaction of the precipitates. Infrared and ultraviolet blocking powder manufacturing method, characterized in that the addition of methyl allosolve further to prevent.
At least two of WO ₃ , MoO ₃ , In ₂ O ₃ , Sb ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ , Cs ₂ O, Rb ₂ O, V ₂ O ₅ , SrO, Nb ₂ O ₅ , CrO ₃ having a particle diameter of 10 to 30 nm The metal oxide material selected above is uniformly dispersed and mixed in a weight ratio of 10 to 20wt%,
Glass, characterized in that 50 to 97wt% of the main metal oxide material, 3 to 50wt% of the auxiliary metal oxide material of the metal oxide material.
WO ₃ , MoO ₃ , In ₂ O ₃ , Sb ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ , Cs ₂ O, Rb ₂ O, V ₂ O ₅ , SrO, Nb ₂ O with 20 to 30 wt% glass powder, particle size 10 to 30 nm ₅ , 10 to 20wt% of metal oxide material selected from at least two or more of CrO ₃ , 0.001 to 0.1wt% of glacial acetic acid, and 1 to 3wt% of tetraethylortho silicate as a dispersion coating agent by mixing 46.9wt% to 69.999wt% of solvent Adding to a stirrer and dispersing;
Drying the dispersed stirred product to obtain a masterbatch coated with the metal oxide material on the surface of the glass powder; And
Melting the masterbatch in an anti-oxidation atmosphere to produce an infrared ray and ultraviolet blocking glass.
WO ₃ , MoO ₃ , In ₂ O ₃ , Sb ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ , Cs ₂ O, Rb ₂ O, V ₂ O ₅ , SrO, Nb ₂ O ₅ , A metal oxide material selected from at least two of CrO ₃ ; And
A coating agent comprising a dispersant coated on the surface of the metal oxide material and a SiO ₂ binder.
At least two of WO ₃ , MoO ₃ , In ₂ O ₃ , Sb ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ , Cs ₂ O, Rb ₂ O, V ₂ O ₅ , SrO, Nb ₂ O ₅ , CrO ₃ having a particle diameter of 10 to 30 nm Preparing a metal oxide material selected above; And
30 wt% of the metal oxide material, 0.25 to 2.5 wt% of the dispersant and the binder, and 65 to 69.5 wt% of the solvent are dispersed in a wet disperser, and the dispersing agent and the binder are coated on the surface of the metal oxide material to form the metal oxide in the solvent. A method of manufacturing a coating comprising the step of preventing reaggregation between materials.

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