KR20110079949A - Natural gas liquefaction method and equipment for lng fpso - Google Patents
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- KR20110079949A KR20110079949A KR1020100000062A KR20100000062A KR20110079949A KR 20110079949 A KR20110079949 A KR 20110079949A KR 1020100000062 A KR1020100000062 A KR 1020100000062A KR 20100000062 A KR20100000062 A KR 20100000062A KR 20110079949 A KR20110079949 A KR 20110079949A
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 304
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
- F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
- F25J1/0278—Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 천연가스 부유식 원유 생산 저장 설비(Floating Production Storage and Offloading, FPSO)용 천연가스 액화방법 및 장치에 관한 것으로, 상세하게는 질소 팽창사이클과 천연가스의 증발잠열을 이용하여 전체 시스템의 구성을 간략화하고 효율을 높인 천연가스(LNG) 부유식 원유 생산 저장 설비(Floating Production Storage and Offloading, FPSO)용 천연가스 액화방법 및 장치에 관한 것이다.
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for liquefying natural gas for natural gas floating production storage and offloading (FPSO), and in particular, to construct a whole system using nitrogen expansion cycle and latent heat of natural gas evaporation. The present invention relates to a natural gas liquefaction method and apparatus for Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) which simplifies and improves efficiency.
천연가스(NG)는, 육상 또는 해상의 가스배관을 통해 가스 상태로 운반되거나, 또는 액화된 액화천연가스(LNG)의 상태로 LNG 수송선에 저장된 채 원거리의 소비처로 운반된다. Natural gas (NG) is transported in a gaseous state through onshore or offshore gas piping, or transported to a distant consumer while being stored in an LNG carrier in the form of liquefied liquefied natural gas (LNG).
액화천연가스는 천연가스를 극저온으로 냉각하여 얻어지는 것으로 가스 상태의 천연가스일 때보다 그 부피가 대략 1/600로 줄어들므로 해상을 통한 원거리 운반에 매우 적합하다.Liquefied natural gas is obtained by cooling natural gas to cryogenic temperature, and its volume is reduced to about 1/600 than that of natural gas in gas state, so it is very suitable for long distance transportation by sea.
종래 사용되고 있는 천연가스의 액화방법은, 천연가스를 하나 이상의 열교환기 내부를 통과시켜 냉각함으로써 이루어지는 것이다.The liquefaction method of natural gas conventionally used is obtained by cooling natural gas through one or more heat exchangers.
미국특허 제 3,735,600 호 및 제 3,433,026 호 등에는 천연가스를 하나 내지 수 개의 열교환기에 공급하여 액화하는 액화방법이 개시되어 있다.U.S. Patent Nos. 3,735,600, 3,433,026 and the like disclose a liquefaction method of supplying natural gas to one or several heat exchangers to liquefy.
본 명세서에서, 천연가스(NG)란, 주성분이 메탄이지만 다른 탄화수소 성분이나 질소를 포함하는 혼합물을 의미하며, 어떤 형태(기상(氣相), 액상(液相) 또는 기상과 액상의 혼합상)의 것도 포함하는 개념이다.In the present specification, natural gas (NG) means a mixture containing methane but other hydrocarbon components or nitrogen as a main component, and in some form (gas phase, liquid phase or mixed phase of gas and liquid phase) It is also a concept that includes.
액체상태로 천연가스를 저장 및 운반하기 위해서는, 천연가스가 대략 -151℃ 내지 -163℃ 정도로 냉각되어야 하며, 여기서 LNG는 대기압 정도의 압력을 갖는다. In order to store and transport the natural gas in the liquid state, the natural gas must be cooled to about -151 ° C to -163 ° C, where LNG has a pressure of about atmospheric pressure.
또한, 종래에는 도 3과 같이 원유생산 설비에서 생산된 천연가스(NG)를 해저배관라인을 통해 지상으로 이송하여 액화시키는 작업(처리)을 하였으나, 최근에는 도 4와 같이 부유식 원유 생산 저장 설비(FPSO)에서 생산된 천연가스를 지상으로 이송하여 처리하지 않고 FPSO 내에서 처리하도록 하는 처리방법 등이 개발 및 제공되고 있다. In addition, in the past, the natural gas (NG) produced in the crude oil production facility as shown in Figure 3 was carried out (processing) to liquefy by transporting to the ground through the seabed pipe line, but recently floating crude oil production storage facility as shown in FIG. Processes are being developed and provided to treat natural gas produced in (FPSO) in FPSO rather than transport it to the ground.
이와 같이 생산된 천연가스를 액체상태의 천연가스로 액화하는 방법 및 장치의 종래기술에는 공개특허공보 10-2009-109713호의 혼합냉매 사이클을 이용한 천연가스 액화방법 및 장치와, 공개특허공보 10-2009-110964호의 혼합냉매 사이클 및 질소 팽창사이클을 이용한 천연가스 액화방법 및 장치와, 공개특허공보 10-2009-110965호의 메탄 팽창사이클, 혼합냉매 사이클 및 질소 팽창사이클을 이용한 천연가스 액화방법 및 장치와, 공개특허공보 10-2009-086916호의 탄화수소 액화가스를 처리하기 위한 부유식 해상 구조물 및 상기 구조물에서 액화탄화수소 액화가스의 처리방법 등이 제공되어 있다.
The prior art of the method and apparatus for liquefying the natural gas produced in the liquid state to natural gas, and the natural gas liquefaction method and apparatus using a mixed refrigerant cycle of Patent Publication No. 10-2009-109713, and Natural gas liquefaction method and apparatus using a mixed refrigerant cycle and a nitrogen expansion cycle of -110964, natural gas liquefaction method and apparatus using a methane expansion cycle, a mixed refrigerant cycle and a nitrogen expansion cycle of Publication No. 10-2009-110965, Floating offshore structures for treating hydrocarbon liquefied gas of JP 10-2009-086916 A method for treating liquefied hydrocarbon liquefied gas in the structure is provided.
본 발명은 부유식 원유 생산 저장 설비(FPSO)에서 생산된 천연가스를 배관이나 배를 이용하여 지상으로 이송하지 않고 부유식 원유 생산 저장 설비(FPSO) 내에서 생산된 천연가스를 액화시켜 저장시키는 천연가스 액화장치를 구비할 수 있도록 천연가스 액화장치의 전체 시스템의 구성을 간략화하고 효율을 높인 천연가스 부유식 원유 생산 저장 설비(FPSO)용 천연가스 액화방법 및 장치를 제공하는데 목적이 있다.The present invention does not transfer the natural gas produced in the floating crude oil production storage facility (FPSO) to the ground by using a pipe or ship to liquefy and store the natural gas produced in the floating crude oil production storage facility (FPSO) It is an object of the present invention to provide a natural gas liquefaction method and apparatus for a natural gas floating crude oil production and storage facility (FPSO) that simplifies the configuration of the entire system of the natural gas liquefaction apparatus and improves the efficiency thereof so that a gas liquefaction apparatus can be provided.
또한, 질소의 사용을 줄임으로써 질소 팽창사이클의 크기를 줄일 수 있는 천연가스 부유식 원유 생산 저장 설비(FPSO)용 천연가스 액화방법 및 장치를 제공하는데 목적이 있다.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a natural gas liquefaction method and apparatus for a natural gas floating crude oil production storage facility (FPSO) that can reduce the size of the nitrogen expansion cycle by reducing the use of nitrogen.
상기와 같은 목적을 달성하고자 하는 본 발명인 LNG FPSO용 천연가스 액화방법은, Natural gas liquefaction method for LNG FPSO of the present invention to achieve the above object,
생산된 천연가스를 질소 팽창사이클을 이용하여 냉각시켜 액화천연가스로 처리하는 질소 팽창사이클을 이용한 부유식 원유 생산 저장 설비(FPSO)용 천연가스 액화방법에 있어서, 상기 질소 팽창사이클의 질소가스 열교환기에서 액화된 생성물 중 자연 기화된 천연가스를 이용한 다수의 예냉각용 열교환기를 사용하여 생산된 천연가스를 질소 팽창사이클의 질소가스 열교환기에 공급되기 전에 예냉각을 시키는 것을 특징으로 한다.A natural gas liquefaction method for a floating crude oil production storage facility (FPSO) using a nitrogen expansion cycle in which the produced natural gas is cooled by using a nitrogen expansion cycle and treated as a liquefied natural gas, the nitrogen gas heat exchanger of the nitrogen expansion cycle. Pre-cooling of natural gas produced using a plurality of pre-cooling heat exchanger using a natural gas vaporized natural gas in the liquefied product before being supplied to the nitrogen gas heat exchanger of the nitrogen expansion cycle.
상기 다수의 예냉각용 열교환기에 사용된 자연 기화된 천연가스는 압축기와 냉각기를 거쳐 생산된 천연가스와 혼합된다.Natural vaporized natural gas used in the plurality of precooling heat exchangers is mixed with natural gas produced through a compressor and a cooler.
상기와 같은 목적을 달성하고자 하는 본 발명인 LNG FPSO용 천연가스 액화장치는, 생산된 천연가스를 질소 팽창사이클을 이용하여 냉각시켜 액화천연가스로 처리하는 질소 팽창사이클을 이용한 부유식 원유 생산 저장 설비(FPSO)용 천연가스 액화장치에 있어서, 상기 생산된 천연가스를 자연 기화된 천연가스를 이용한 예냉각 시키는 1개 이상의 예냉각 열교환기와, 상기 예냉각 열교환기를 통과한 예냉각 시킨 천연가스를 자연 기화된 천연가스와 질소 팽창사이클의 질소가스를 이용한 액화 열교환기를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.Natural gas liquefaction apparatus for LNG FPSO of the present invention to achieve the above object, floating crude oil production storage facility using a nitrogen expansion cycle to cool the produced natural gas using a nitrogen expansion cycle (treated as liquefied natural gas ( A natural gas liquefaction apparatus for FPSO, comprising: one or more precooling heat exchangers for precooling the produced natural gas using natural vaporized natural gas, and natural vaporizing the precooled natural gas passing through the precooling heat exchanger. It characterized in that it comprises a liquefied heat exchanger using nitrogen gas of natural gas and nitrogen expansion cycle.
상기 질소 팽창사이클은, 질소가스를 압축시키는 질소가스 압축기와, 상기 질소가스 압축기를 통과한 질소가스를 냉각시키는 냉각기와, 상기 냉각기를 통과한 질소가스를 액화 열교환기를 통과한 질소가스와 열교환을 시키는 질소가스 열교환기와, 상기 질소가스 열교환기를 통과한 질소가스를 팽창시키는 팽창기와, 상시 팽창기를 통과한 질소가스를 이용하여 천연가스를 액화시키는 액화열교환기로 구성됨을 특징으로 한다.The nitrogen expansion cycle is configured to exchange heat with a nitrogen gas compressor for compressing nitrogen gas, a cooler for cooling the nitrogen gas passing through the nitrogen gas compressor, and a nitrogen gas passing through the cooler with the nitrogen gas passing through the liquefied heat exchanger. A nitrogen gas heat exchanger, an expander for expanding the nitrogen gas passed through the nitrogen gas heat exchanger, and a liquefied heat exchanger for liquefying natural gas using nitrogen gas passed through the constant expander.
상기 예냉각 열교환기를 통과한 예냉각용 자연 기화된 천연가스를 압축하고 냉각시키는 천연가스 압축기와 천연가스 냉각기를 구비하고, 상기 액화 열교환기를 통과한 천연가스 중 액화된 천연가스를 제외한 자연 기화된 천연가스는 액화 열교환기와, 예냉각 열교환기를 순차적으로 통과한 후 천연가스 압축기와 천연가스 냉각기를 거쳐 생산된 천연가스와 혼합되도록 이루어짐을 특징으로 한다.
A natural gas compressor and a natural gas compressor for compressing and cooling the natural vaporized natural gas for precooling passing through the precooling heat exchanger, and natural vaporized natural gas excluding liquefied natural gas in the natural gas passing through the liquefaction heat exchanger. The gas is characterized in that it is made to pass through the liquefied heat exchanger, the pre-cooling heat exchanger and then mixed with the natural gas produced through the natural gas compressor and the natural gas cooler.
상기와 같이 이루어진 본 발명인 LNG FPSO용 천연가스 액화장치 및 방법은 액화된 천연가스를 제외하고 자연 기화된 저온의 기체상태의 천연가스를 이용하여 공급되는 생산된 천연가스를 질소가스를 이용한 액화열교환기에 공급되기 전에 예냉각을 시킴으로써 액화열교환기의 효율을 높일 수 있다.Natural gas liquefaction apparatus and method for LNG FPSO of the present invention made as described above is a natural gas liquefied natural gas, except the liquefied natural gas supplied to the liquefied heat exchanger using nitrogen gas By precooling before being supplied, the efficiency of the liquefied heat exchanger can be increased.
또한, 액화열교환기의 효율을 높이기 위한 별도의 냉매의 냉각사이클을 구성하지 않아도 됨으로써 구성을 간소할 수 있는 특징과 이로 인한 시스템을 간소화할 수 있는 장점이 있다.
In addition, there is no need to configure a separate cooling cycle of the refrigerant to increase the efficiency of the liquefied heat exchanger has a feature that can simplify the configuration and thereby the system can be simplified.
도 1은 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 나타낸 LNG FPSO용 천연가스 액화장치의 구성 개략도.
도 2는 본 발명의 다른 실시예를 나타낸 LNG FPSO용 천연가스 액화장치의 구성 개략도.
도 3은 종래의 원유생산설비에서 생산된 천연가스를 지상으로 이송하여 처리하는 개략도.
도 4는 본 발명과 같이 부유식 원유 생산 저장 설비에서 생산된 천연가스를 바로 처리하도록 하는 개략도.1 is a configuration diagram of a natural gas liquefaction apparatus for LNG FPSO showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a natural gas liquefaction apparatus for LNG FPSO showing another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram for processing by transporting the natural gas produced in the conventional crude oil production equipment to the ground.
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram to immediately process the natural gas produced in a floating crude oil production storage facility as the present invention.
첨부된 도면을 참조로 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 상세히 설명하도록 한다. 이에 앞서, 본 명세서 및 청구범위에 사용된 용어나 단어는 통상적이거나 사전적인 의미로 한정해서 해석되어서는 아니되며, 발명자는 그 자신의 발명을 가장 최선의 방법으로 설명하기 위해 용어의 개념을 적절하게 정의할 수 있다는 원칙에 입각하여 본 발명의 기술적 사상에 부합하는 의미와 개념으로 해석되어야만 한다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Prior to this, terms or words used in the specification and claims should not be construed as having a conventional or dictionary meaning, and the inventors should properly explain the concept of terms in order to best explain their own invention. Based on the principle that can be defined, it should be interpreted as meaning and concept corresponding to the technical idea of the present invention.
따라서, 본 명세서에 기재된 실시예와 도면에 도시된 구성은 본 발명의 가장 바람직한 일 실시예에 불과할 뿐이고 본 발명의 기술적 사상을 모두 대변하는 것은 아니므로, 본 출원시점에 있어서 이들을 대체할 수 있는 다양한 균등물과 변형 예들이 있을 수 있음을 이해하여야 한다.
Therefore, the embodiments described in the specification and the drawings shown in the drawings are only the most preferred embodiment of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical idea of the present invention, various modifications that can be replaced at the time of the present application It should be understood that there may be equivalents and variations.
도 1과 도 2를 참조하여 본 발명인 천연가스를 생산하고, 처리(액화)하고, 저장하는 부유식 원유 생산 저장 설비(Floating Production Storage and Offloading, FPSO)에서 생산된 천연가스(NG)를 처리(액화)시키는 LNG FPSO용 천연가스 액화장치는 크게, 생산된 천연가스(NG)를 자연 기화된 천연가스를 이용하여 예냉각 시키는 1개 이상으로 이루어진 예냉각 열교환기(10)와, 상기 예냉각 열교환기(10)를 통과한 예냉각된 천연가스를 질소가스를 이용하여 액화시키시 위한 질소 냉각사이클(20)과, 상기 질소 냉각사이클(20)의 질소가스를 이용하여 예냉각된 천연가스를 액화시키는 액화열교환기(30)와, 상기 액화열교환기(30)를 통과한 천연가스를 액체 상태와 기체상태로 분리하는 기액분리기(40)와, 상기 예냉각 열교환기(10)에 사용된 자연 기화된 천연가스를 압축하는 천연가스 압축기(50)와, 상기 압축기(50)를 통과한 압축된 천연가스를 냉각시키는 냉각기(60)를 포함하도록 구성된다.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2 to process the natural gas (NG) produced in the Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) to produce, process (liquefy) and store the natural gas of the present invention ( The LNG FPSO natural gas liquefaction apparatus for liquefying) is largely comprised of one or more precooling heat exchangers (10) for precooling the produced natural gas (NG) using natural vaporized natural gas, and the precooling heat exchanger.
상기 예냉각 열교환기(10)는 적어도 1개 이상으로 형성되며, 본 발명의 실시예에서의 예냉각 열교환기(10)는 제1 예냉각 열교환기(11)와 제2 예냉각 열교환기(12)로 이루어져 있다.The
이러한 상기 예냉각 열교환기(10)는 기액분리기(40)에서 분리된 저온의 자연 기화된 천연가스를 이용하여 생산된 천연가스(NG)를 예냉각 시키는 것으로, 도 1과 도 2와 같이 생산되어 공급되는 천연가스(NG)를 질소가스를 이용한 액화열교환기(30)에 공급되기 전에 예냉각 시키게 된다.The precooling heat exchanger (10) is to precool the natural gas (NG) produced using the low temperature natural vaporized natural gas separated from the gas-liquid separator (40), and is produced as shown in Figs. The natural gas (NG) supplied is precooled before being supplied to the liquefied heat exchanger (30) using nitrogen gas.
이와 같이 생산된 천연가스(NG)를 액화열교환기(30)에 공급되기 전에 예냉각을 시키게 되면, 액화열교환기(30)의 효율을 높일 수 있고, 이로 인하여 질소 냉각사이클(20)의 크기(부피)를 줄일 수 있게 된다.When the pre-cooling is performed before the natural gas NG thus produced is supplied to the
상기 예냉각 열교환기(10)에 사용된 자연 기화된 천연가스는 버려지지 않고, 다시 천연가스용 압축기(50)에서 압축되고, 냉각기(60)에서 냉각된 후 공급되는 생산된 천연가스(NG)와 혼합하게 되고, 이 혼합된 천연가스는 예냉각 열교환기(10)에 공급되어 예냉각되게 된다.
Natural vaporized natural gas used in the precooling heat exchanger (10) is not discarded, but is again compressed in the compressor for natural gas (50), produced natural gas (NG) supplied after being cooled in the cooler (60) And the mixed natural gas is supplied to the precooling heat exchanger (10) to be precooled.
상기 질소 냉각사이클(20)은 첨부된 도면과 같이 질소가스를 압축시키는 질소가스 압축기(21)와, 상기 질소가스 압축기(21)를 통과한 질소가스를 냉각시키는 냉각기(22)와, 상기 냉각기(22)를 통과한 질소가스를 액화 열교환기(30)에 사용된 질소가스와 열교환을 시키는 질소가스 열교환기(23)와, 상기 질소가스 열교환기(23)를 통과한 질소가스를 팽창시키는 팽창기(24)와, 상시 팽창기(23)를 통과한 질소가스를 이용하여 천연가스를 액화시키는 액화열교환기(30)로 이루어진다.The
미설명된 부호 'V'는 밸브이다.
Unexplained symbol 'V' is a valve.
도 1과 도 2에 나타낸 본 발명의 LNG FPSO용 천연가스 액화장치의 차이점은 다음과 같다.The difference between the natural gas liquefaction apparatus for LNG FPSO of this invention shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is as follows.
도 1은 기액분리기(40)에 분리된 저온의 자연 기화된 천연가스를 1차적으로 질소가스를 이용한 액화열교환기(30)에 공급하여 질소가스와 함께 기체상태의 천연가스를 액화시키고, 상기 액화열교환기(30)에 사용된 자연 기화된 천연가스를 다시 다수개로 이루어진 예냉각 열교환기(10)에 순차적으로 공급하여 생산된 천연가스(NG)를 예냉각 시키도록 이루어진 것이며,1 is a low-temperature natural vaporized natural gas separated in the gas-
도 2는 기액분리기(40)에 분리된 저온의 자연 기화된 천연가스를 다수개로 이루어진 예냉각 열교환기(10)에 순차적으로 공급하여 생산된 천연가스(NG)를 예냉각 시키도록 이루어진 것이다.2 is configured to pre-cool the natural gas (NG) produced by sequentially supplying a low-temperature natural vaporized natural gas separated in the gas-
즉, 도 1은 저온의 자연 기화된 천연가스를 예냉각 열교환기(10)와 액화열교환기(30)에 사용한 것이며, 도 2는 저온의 자연 기화된 천연가스를 예냉각 열교환기(10)에만 사용한 것이다.
That is, FIG. 1 uses low temperature natural vaporized natural gas in the
상기와 같이 이루어진 본 발명인 LNG FPSO용 천연가스 액화장치를 이용한 액화방법에 대하여 설명하며,It describes a liquefaction method using a natural gas liquefaction device for LNG FPSO of the present invention made as described above,
도 1과 도 2와 같이 생산된 천연가스(NG)는 다수개로 이루어진 자연 기화된 저온의 천연가스를 이용한 예냉각 열교환기(10)를 통과하여 예냉각되며,Natural gas (NG) produced as shown in Figure 1 and 2 is pre-cooled through a
상기 예냉각 열교환기(10)를 통과한 예냉각된 천연가스는 질소가스를 이용한 액화열교환기(30)를 통과하여 기체상태의 천연가스는 액상의 액화천연가스로 된다.The precooled natural gas passing through the
상기 액화열교환기(30)를 통과하여 액화된 액화천연가스는 기액분리기(40)에서 자연 기화되는 기체상태의 천연가스와 분리되어 액화천연가스는 저장탱크로 이송되어 저장되고, 자연 기화된 기상의 천연가스는 예냉각 열교환기(10)에 공급되어 생산된 천연가스(NG)를 예냉각 시키게 된다.The liquefied natural gas liquefied through the liquefied heat exchanger (30) is separated from the natural gas in the gas state that is naturally vaporized in the gas-liquid separator (40), the liquefied natural gas is transferred to a storage tank and stored, and the natural vaporized natural gas The gas is supplied to the
상기 예냉각 열교환기(10)에 사용된 자연 기화된 기상의 천연가스는 압축기(50)와 냉각기(60)를 거쳐 생산된 천연가스(NG)와 혼합되어 예냉각 열교환기(10)에 공급된다.The natural vaporized natural gas used in the precooling heat exchanger (10) is mixed with natural gas (NG) produced through the compressor (50) and the cooler (60) and supplied to the precooling heat exchanger (10). .
상기 자연 기화된 기상의 천연가스는 도 1과 같이 액화열교환기(30)에 공급되어 질소가스와 함께 예냉각된 천연가스를 액화시키거나, 또는 도 2와 같이 예냉각 열교환기(10)에만 공급되어 생산된 천연가스(NG)를 예냉각 시키게 된다.
The natural vaporized natural gas is supplied to the liquefied
도 1과 도 2를 참조하여 질소 팽창사이클(20)에 대하여 설명하면, 질소가스를 압축시키는 질소가스 압축기(21)에서 압축되어 액상의 질소가스로 전환되고, 액상의 질소가스는 냉각기(22)를 통과하여 1차 냉각되고, 상기 1차 냉각된 액상의 질소가스는 질소가스 열교환기(23)에서 액화 열교환기(30)에 사용된 질소가스와 열교환하여 2차 냉각된다.Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the
상기 2차 냉각된 액상의 질소가스는 팽창기(24)에서 팽창하여 극저온으로 질소가스로 전환되어 액화열교환기(30)에 공급되어 기상의 천연가스를 액화시키게 된다.The secondary cooled liquid nitrogen gas is expanded in the
상기 액화열교환기(30)를 통과한 질소가스는 질소가스 열교환기(23)에 공급되어 액상의 질소가스를 2차 냉각시키고, 압축기(21)에 공급되어 압축되게 된다.
Nitrogen gas passing through the liquefied heat exchanger (30) is supplied to the nitrogen gas heat exchanger (23) to secondaryly cool the liquid nitrogen gas, and is supplied to the compressor (21) to be compressed.
10 : 예냉각 열교환기
20 : 질소 팽창사이클
30 : 액화 열교환기
40 : 기액분리기10: precooling heat exchanger
20: nitrogen expansion cycle
30: liquefied heat exchanger
40: gas-liquid separator
Claims (6)
상기 질소 팽창사이클의 질소가스 열교환기에서 액화된 생성물 중 자연 기화된 천연가스를 이용한 다수의 예냉각용 열교환기를 사용하여 생산된 천연가스를 질소 팽창사이클의 질소가스 열교환기에 공급되기 전에 예냉각을 시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 LNG FPSO용 천연가스 액화방법.In the natural gas liquefaction method for a floating crude oil production storage facility (FPSO) using a nitrogen expansion cycle in which the produced natural gas is cooled by using a nitrogen expansion cycle and treated with liquefied natural gas,
Pre-cooling the natural gas produced using a plurality of pre-cooling heat exchangers using natural gas vaporized in the product liquefied in the nitrogen gas heat exchanger of the nitrogen expansion cycle before being supplied to the nitrogen gas heat exchanger of the nitrogen expansion cycle. Natural gas liquefaction method for LNG FPSO, characterized in that.
상기 다수의 예냉각용 열교환기에 사용된 자연 기화된 천연가스는 압축기와 냉각기를 거쳐 생산된 천연가스와 혼합됨을 특징으로 하는 LNG FPSO용 천연가스 액화방법.The method of claim 1,
Natural gas natural gas used in the plurality of pre-cooling heat exchanger is a natural gas liquefaction method for LNG FPSO, characterized in that mixed with the natural gas produced through a compressor and a cooler.
상기 생산된 천연가스를 자연 기화된 천연가스를 이용한 예냉각 시키는 1개 이상의 예냉각 열교환기(10)와;
상기 예냉각 열교환기(10)를 통과한 예냉각 시킨 천연가스를 질소 팽창사이클(20)의 질소가스를 이용한 액화 열교환기(30)를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 LNG FPSO용 천연가스 액화장치.In the natural gas liquefaction apparatus for floating crude oil production storage facility (FPSO) using a nitrogen expansion cycle that cools the produced natural gas using a nitrogen expansion cycle to treat it as a liquefied natural gas,
At least one precooling heat exchanger (10) for precooling the produced natural gas using natural vaporized natural gas;
LNG FPSO natural gas liquefaction apparatus comprising a liquefied heat exchanger (30) using the nitrogen gas of the pre-cooled natural gas passed through the pre-cooling heat exchanger (10) nitrogen expansion cycle (20).
상기 질소 팽창사이클(20)은,
질소가스를 압축시키는 질소가스 압축기(21)와, 상기 질소가스 압축기(21)를 통과한 질소가스를 냉각시키는 냉각기(22)와, 상기 냉각기(22)를 통과한 질소가스를 액화 열교환기(30)를 통과한 질소가스와 열교환을 시키는 질소가스 열교환기(23)와, 상기 질소가스 열교환기(23)를 통과한 질소가스를 팽창시키는 팽창기(24)와, 상시 팽창기(23)를 통과한 질소가스를 이용하여 천연가스를 액화시키는 액화열교환기(30)로 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 LNG FPSO용 천연가스 액화장치. The method of claim 3, wherein
The nitrogen expansion cycle 20,
Nitrogen gas compressor 21 for compressing nitrogen gas, a cooler 22 for cooling nitrogen gas passed through the nitrogen gas compressor 21, and a liquefied heat exchanger 30 for nitrogen gas passed through the cooler 22. Nitrogen gas heat exchanger (23) for exchanging heat with nitrogen gas passing through), an expander (24) for expanding nitrogen gas passing through the nitrogen gas heat exchanger (23), and nitrogen which has passed through the expander (23) at all times LNG FPSO natural gas liquefaction apparatus, characterized in that consisting of a liquefied heat exchanger (30) for liquefying natural gas using gas.
상기 액화 열교환기(30)는 자연 기화된 천연가스와 질소가스를 이용하여 천연가스를 액화시킴을 특징으로 하는 LNG FPSO용 천연가스 액화장치. The method according to claim 3 or 4,
The liquefied heat exchanger (30) is a natural gas liquefaction apparatus for LNG FPSO, characterized in that to liquefy natural gas using natural gas and nitrogen gas.
상기 예냉각 열교환기(10)를 통과한 예냉각용 자연 기화된 천연가스를 압축하고 냉각시키는 천연가스 압축기(50)와 천연가스 냉각기(60)를 구비하고,
상기 액화 열교환기(30)를 통과한 천연가스 중 액화된 천연가스를 제외한 자연 기화된 천연가스는 액화 열교환기(30)와, 예냉각 열교환기(10)를 순차적으로 통과한 후 천연가스 압축기(50)와 천연가스 냉각기(60)를 거쳐 생산되어 공급되는 천연가스와 혼합되도록 이루어짐을 특징으로 하는 LNG FPSO용 천연가스 액화장치.The method of claim 3, wherein
A natural gas compressor (50) and a natural gas cooler (60) for compressing and cooling the natural vaporized natural gas for precooling that has passed through the precooling heat exchanger (10),
Natural vaporized natural gas excluding liquefied natural gas among the natural gas passed through the liquefied heat exchanger 30 passes through the liquefied heat exchanger 30 and the precooling heat exchanger 10 sequentially, and then the natural gas compressor ( 50) and natural gas liquefaction apparatus for LNG FPSO, characterized in that it is made to be mixed with the natural gas produced and supplied through the natural gas cooler (60).
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