KR20110050098A - 2 stages pyrolysis and gasification hybrid system of high viscosity oilsand bitumen for synthetic liquid fuel and syngas production method using it - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A two-stages pyrolysis gasification composite apparatus using oilsand bitumen, and a producing method of synthetic gas and fuel oil using thereof are provided to produce the synthetic gas and the fuel oil at the same time. CONSTITUTION: A two-stages pyrolysis gasification composite apparatus generates synthetic gas and fuel oil from oilsand bitumen at the same time. The two-stages pyrolysis gasification composite apparatus includes a supplier(20), a flowing layer pyrolysis chamber(40), a complex reactor(30), a gas-liquid separator(60), a pyrolysis gas combustor(70), a synthetic gas heat exchanger(80), and a synthetic gas storage tank(90). The complex reactor is formed with a gasification chamber(50) with collectors(54) on the bottom.

Description

Two-stage pyrolysis gasification complex unit using oil sand bitumen and synthesis gas and fuel oil production method using same {2 STAGES PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION HYBRID SYSTEM OF HIGH VISCOSITY OILSAND BITUMEN FOR SYNTHETIC

The present invention relates to a pyrolysis and gasification complex apparatus and a production method for producing a syngas consisting of liquid fuel oil, hydrogen and carbon monoxide by pyrolyzing and gasifying a high viscosity oil sand bitumen (Bitumen), more specifically The oil sands bitumen is supplied to the upper part of the fluidized bed pyrolysis chamber to pyrolyze to cool the pyrolyzed gas component to receive liquid fuel oil, and the remaining coke is gasified by oxygen and steam in the fractionation layer type gasification chamber installed at the lower part. It produces fuel oil and syngas at the same time by receiving the syngas, and in particular, it produces gaseous coke containing a large amount of sulfur emitted from the pyrolysis chamber to produce syngas used as a clean fuel, thereby minimizing pollutant emission. 2-stage heat using oil sands bitumen to produce energy The present invention relates to a cracking gasification complex apparatus and a method for simultaneously producing syngas and fuel oil using the same.

Oil Sands Bitumen is an alternative to petroleum and has the same origin, but due to the geological environment different from petroleum, it is usually 75-85% of inorganic materials (sand, clay, minerals) and 3 ~ It is a highly viscous liquid fuel source from oil sands consisting of 5% water and 1-18% bitumen. The oil sands bitumen is generally similar to crude oil having black, high weight, and high viscosity characteristics, but unlike crude oil, it has a specific gravity similar to water and contains 5% or more sulfur. In addition, since the oil sand bitumen does not generally flow through the pipe, it is characterized by lowering the viscosity after being heated or mixed with a diluent such as light oil, and can be mined only in some regions such as Canada and Mongolia.

Due to local ubiquity, difficulties in transportation, and high sulfur content, we have not received much attention during the low oil prices, but are exploding due to the rapid fluctuations in oil prices and the demand for alternative resource development. Therefore, they tried to utilize bitumen produced in oil sands, but due to its inherent disadvantages, it was difficult to apply to existing petrochemical refining processes. In addition, since the oil sands bitumen is difficult to use as a fuel as it is mined, there is a need for a new conversion technology that can be used as a fuel.

Looking at the field of use of conventional bitumen, oil, sand and bitumen through a gasification process widely used in the conversion of solid fuel energy, as shown in the patent application 2008-0110441 'gasifier of high viscosity bitumen for synthesis gas production' There is a method of producing a syngas composed of carbon monoxide, that is, a gaseous fuel. In addition, Patent Application No. 2000-0029593, "Bitumen emulsion, and its use for the manufacture of its materials and road pavement materials" and Patent Application No. 1998-7003757, "Bitumen composition and its manufacturing method," It describes a technique that utilizes bitumen as an asphalt pavement rather than as an energy resource.

As such, the use of conventional oil sands bitumen is limited to the production of road pavement, gas fuel, and liquid fuel oil. Therefore, it is difficult to secure economic feasibility. Therefore, it is very difficult to develop a new conversion method to improve economics by producing various fuel resources from oil sands bitumen at the same time. need.

The two-stage pyrolysis gasification complex apparatus using the oil sands bitumen according to the present invention and the syngas and fuel oil production method using the same,

Apparatus and method for simultaneously producing fuel oil and syngas from oil sands bitumen by gasification by oxygen and steam in a pyrolysis chamber using bitumen coke as a fluid medium and a fractionation layer coke gasification chamber connected to the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber. For the purpose of providing

The two-stage pyrolysis gasification composite device using the oil sands bitumen of the present invention for solving the above problems,

An apparatus for producing fuel oil and syngas from oil sands bitumen simultaneously, comprising: a feeder for heating a fixed amount of oil sands bitumen by supplying a fixed amount; A fluidized bed pyrolysis chamber for pyrolysis and fluidization of the pyrolyzed coke by fluidization gas is supplied from the supply unit to the upper portion, and a fractionated bed gasification reaction is performed by receiving pyrolysis and remaining coke installed at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber. A composite reactor comprising a gasification chamber formed at a lower portion of the collecting portion for storing the remaining slag; A gas-liquid separator for quenching the pyrolysis gas pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber to receive oil components contained in the pyrolysis gas as liquid fuel oil; A pyrolysis gas combustor for generating heat required for pyrolysis and carbon dioxide used as a fluidizing gas of the pyrolysis chamber by burning combustible components included in the remaining pyrolysis gas after separating oil from the gas-liquid separator; A syngas heat exchanger for quenching syngas gasified in the gasification chamber; And a synthesis gas storage tank for filtering the contaminants contained in the quenched synthesis gas to receive the synthesis gas.

Fuel oil production method using a two-stage pyrolysis gasification complex device of the present invention,

A fuel oil production method using a two-stage pyrolysis gasification complex apparatus of the present invention, comprising: a bitumen supplying step of heating an oil sand and quantitatively supplying it to a pyrolysis chamber of a complex reactor; A fluidized bed pyrolysis step of pyrolyzing the supplied bitumen in an oxygen-free atmosphere to produce pyrolysis gas and coke, and fluidizing coke by fluidizing gas supplied from the bottom to improve heat transfer to bitumen; A heat exchange oil collecting step of condensing and collecting the oil component included in the pyrolysis gas through a gas-liquid separator for cooling the pyrolyzed pyrolysis gas; A pyrolysis gas combustion step of separating the oil component and burning the remaining pyrolysis gas to produce pyrolysis heat and fluidized gas carbon dioxide used in the fluidized bed pyrolysis step; A fractionation layer coke gasification step of receiving the thermally separated coke and gasifying it with oxygen and steam to produce a synthesis gas; It comprises a; syngas purification step of quenching the high-temperature synthesis gas and collecting foreign matter by removing foreign matter by filtering.

As described in detail above, the two-stage pyrolysis gasification complex apparatus using the oil sands bitumen of the present invention and the syngas and fuel oil production method using the same,

Pyrolysis of high viscosity oil sands bitumen in anoxic state and at the same time convert coke to syngas in the fractionation layer gasification reaction chamber to recover liquid fuel oil and syngas simultaneously to mix petroleum refining process, fuel, hydrogen and The production of basic chemical raw materials such as methanol is made possible.

In addition, by adjusting the operation ratio of the first and second stages of the process, the fuel oil and syngas production can be changed, the quality of the liquid fuel oil can be changed through the use of a catalyst, and the conversion of basic raw materials used in the chemical industry It is also possible to use the hydrogen separator directly to the fuel cell.

In addition, since the pyrolysis reaction and the gasification reaction are simultaneously performed in one reactor, it is possible to increase the output compared to the scale of the apparatus, thereby providing a useful apparatus and method for reducing the equipment cost.

Hereinafter, a two-stage pyrolysis gasification complex apparatus using the oil sands bitumen according to the present invention and a syngas and fuel oil simultaneous production method using the same will be described in detail with the accompanying drawings.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a two-stage pyrolysis gasification complex apparatus according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a block diagram of a method for simultaneously producing a syngas and fuel oil according to the present invention.

As shown, the composite device 10 of the present invention has a feeder. The feeder 20 heats the oil sands bitumen storing oil sands bitumen and the oil sands bitumen stored in the oil sands bitumen to about 150 ° C. and supplies it to the combined reactor 30 using a pump and a fixed-quantity feed feeder. Device. The oil sand bitumen is preferably viscous so that heat is applied from the oil sand storage tank to the complex reactor to prevent solidification during transfer.

The oil sand bitumen metered in the feeder 20 is supplied to the upper portion of the pyrolysis chamber 40 at the upper and lower portions of the complex reactor 30 including the pyrolysis chamber 40 and the gasification chamber 50. The pyrolysis chamber has an inlet for receiving bitumen at an upper portion, an outlet for discharging pyrolyzed gas at an upper side of the pyrolysis chamber, and a pyrolysis by injecting a fluidization gas supplied from a lower side of the pyrolysis chamber to the upper reaction space of the chamber. A dispersion plate 41 for fluidizing the coke is formed. In addition, the nozzle 42 is located in the fluidization region of the coke, the nozzle communicates with the coke injection pipe 43 in communication with the gasification chamber, and supplies the coke introduced into the nozzle to the gasification chamber 50.

This pyrolysis chamber 40 is dried and pyrolyzed bitumen supplied in a high temperature anoxic atmosphere. The pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis process is discharged through the outlet of the upper side of the pyrolysis chamber, and the coke is fluidized and supplied to the lower gasification chamber 50 through the nozzle 42 and the coke injection pipe 43.

The pyrolysis gas discharged through the outlet passes through the cyclone 44 to separate and remove gaseous components included in the pyrolysis gas.

The pyrolysis gas from which the solid foreign matter is removed receives the fuel oil from the gas-liquid separator 60. The gas-liquid separator allows the pyrolysis gas to pass through the heat exchanger 61 to condense the oil components contained in the pyrolysis gas, thereby collecting and receiving the condensed liquid oil components in the oil collector 62 under the heat exchanger. will be. The gas-liquid separator 60 may be used alone, but may be installed in a plurality or more as shown in order to receive the oil components contained in the pyrolysis gas by multi-stage condensation.

In addition, the pyrolysis gas remaining after the oil component is separated from the gas-liquid separator is supplied to the combustor 70. The combustor burns pyrolysis gas to generate heat and carbon dioxide necessary for pyrolysis. Therefore, a portion of the exhaust gas hotly heated in the combustor is supplied to the bottom of the dispersion plate 41 of the pyrolysis chamber 40 to be used as the fluidized gas of the coke and the rest is discharged to the outside.

In addition, a gasification reaction is performed in the gasification chamber 50 that receives the coke generated from the pyrolysis chamber 40 through the coke injection pipe, and collects the slag remaining after the reaction to be easily collected in the lower collecting portion 54. An inclined surface 51 having a truncated conical shape was formed between the portion and the gasification reaction space, the lower portion having a gradually smaller diameter.

An oxygen inlet 52 and a steam inlet 53 are formed on the inclined surface 51 so as to face the upper side of the chamber. The oxygen inlet and the steam inlet may be installed to inject upwards from the side of the gasification chamber in addition to the inclined surface, or a separate injection tube may be introduced into the chamber to perform injection through the injection tube. In addition, although not shown, a heating furnace may be formed on an outer surface of the gasification chamber so that the temperature in the gasification chamber is formed and maintained at a high temperature. Coke, oxygen and steam introduced into the gasification chamber is a gasification reaction at a high temperature to produce a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the produced synthesis gas is a synthesis gas outlet formed on the upper side of the gasification chamber 50 Is discharged through.

The discharged syngas is to be stored or temporarily stored in the syngas storage tank 90, in this process, the high temperature syngas is quenched through the heat exchanger 80, and the filter member is passed through the pollutants contained in the syngas. May be filtered to remove or separate contaminants may be used to receive pure syngas.

On the other hand, the fuel oil production method using a two-stage pyrolysis gasification fusion device using the oil sand bitumen for the simultaneous production of fuel oil and syngas according to the present invention,

Bitumen feeding step (S1) of heating the oil sand in a quantitative supply to the pyrolysis chamber of the complex reactor is made.

In addition, the fluidized bed pyrolysis step (S2) is performed to pyrolyze the bitumen supplied in the above step in an oxygen-free atmosphere to produce pyrolysis gas and coke, and to improve the heat transfer to the bitumen by fluidizing the coke by the fluidizing gas supplied from the bottom. do. The pyrolysis heat can be better transferred to the bitumen supplied by the coke fluidization in this step to increase the pyrolysis efficiency.

The pyrolyzed pyrolysis gas is a heat exchange oil collection step of removing solid components contained in pyrolysis gas through a cyclone, and cooling them through a single or multiple stage gas-liquid separator to condense and collect oil components included in the pyrolysis gas (S3). ) Is performed.

In addition, the pyrolysis gas remaining after the oil component is separated is burned by a combustor to produce a pyrolysis heat used in the fluidized bed pyrolysis step and carbon dioxide, which is a fluidizing gas, to be supplied to a pyrolysis chamber (S4).

In addition, the fractionated layer coke gasification step (S5) of producing a synthesis gas is performed by receiving the pyrolysis and remaining coke, thereby mixing oxygen and steam in a high temperature state to produce a gasification reaction.

The generated synthesis gas is quenched at a high temperature state synthesis gas through the synthesis gas tablet collecting step (S6) to remove the foreign matter by filtering to collect the synthesis gas.

The present invention will be described through the following examples.

Example 1 Synthesis Example of Syngas According to Coke Gasification in a Split-bed Gasification Chamber

The reactor used in the experiment was a split bed gasification chamber (ID 25 cm) used in the present invention, the reaction temperature was 1,400 ℃ or more and oxygen was used as the gasifier. The reaction time lasted more than 6 hours and injected 40-50 kg of coke. As shown in FIG. 3, the syngas composition according to the coke gasification is 20 to 25% of H2, 28 to 33% of CO, and 38 to 42% of CO2, and does not change significantly depending on the oxygen / fuel ratio. The amount of syngas produced was 50 ~ 70 Nm3 / h, the calorific value was 1,500 ~ 1,600 kcal / Nm3, the cold gas efficiency was 40% and the carbon conversion was over 90%. By using the coke generated in the coking process as described above it is possible to secure more than 20% of hydrogen, a clean energy resource, and to increase the hydrogen production by up to 50% by converting carbon monoxide to hydrogen through the water gas process.

1 is a schematic view showing a two-stage pyrolysis gasification complex apparatus according to the present invention.

2 is a block diagram of a method for simultaneously producing syngas and fuel oil in accordance with the present invention.

3 is a synthesis gas composition example in a coke gasification chamber according to the present invention.

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: composite device

20: feeder

30: complex reactor

40: pyrolysis chamber

41 dispersion plate 42 nozzle

43: coke injection pipe 44: cyclone

50: gasification chamber

51: inclined surface 52: oxygen inlet

53: steam inlet 54: collecting part

60: gas-liquid separator

61: heat exchanger 62: oil collector

70: burner

80: syngas heat exchanger

90: syngas storage tank

Claims (4)

In the apparatus for producing fuel oil and syngas from oil sands bitumen simultaneously, A feeder 20 for heating the stored oil sands bitumen and quantitatively supplying it; Fluidized bed pyrolysis chamber 40 for pyrolyzing the pyrolyzed coke and fluidizing the pyrolyzed coke by fluidizing gas from the supply part, and being installed at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber to receive pyrolyzed and remaining coke and fractionated bed gasification A combined reactor 30 comprising a gasification chamber 50 having a collecting portion 54 formed therein for performing the reaction and storing the remaining slag after gasification; A gas-liquid separator 60 for quenching pyrolysis gas pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber to receive oil components contained in the pyrolysis gas as liquid fuel oil; A pyrolysis gas combustor (70) for producing the heat necessary for pyrolysis and carbon dioxide used as a fluidizing gas of the pyrolysis chamber by burning the remaining pyrolysis gas after separating the oil from the gas-liquid separator; A syngas heat exchanger (80) for quenching syngas gasified in the gasification chamber; And a synthesis gas storage tank (90) for filtering the contaminants contained in the quenched synthesis gas (90) to receive the synthesis gas. The method of claim 1, The pyrolysis chamber 40 of the complex reactor, Dispersion plate receiving bitumen from the upper side, discharge outlet for discharging pyrolyzed pyrolysis gas on the upper side, the lower side of the chamber to inject fluidized gas supplied from the lower side to the upper reaction space of the chamber to fluidize the pyrolyzed coke A 41 is formed, and the nozzle 42 located in the fluidization region of the coke and the coke injection pipe 43 for supplying coke introduced into the nozzle to one end of the nozzle 42 and communicating with the other end to the gasification chamber. A two-stage pyrolysis gasification apparatus using oil sands bitumen, characterized in that comprises a. The method of claim 1, Gasification chamber 50 of the complex reactor, It is formed in a truncated conical shape to have a gradually smaller diameter on the lower side and the inclined surface 51 formed with the oxygen 52 and the steam inlet 53 to face the chamber upper side, and formed in the lower portion of the inclined surface to perform the gasification reaction and remaining slag A two-stage pyrolysis gasification apparatus using oil sand bitumen, characterized in that it comprises a collecting portion 54 for collecting and a syngas discharge port for discharging the syngas generated by gasification above the gasification chamber side. A feeder for supplying oil sands bitumen; A fluidized bed pyrolysis chamber for pyrolyzing the supplied bitumen, a fractionated bed gasification chamber in communication with a lower end of the pyrolysis chamber and receiving gaseous coke and performing a gasification reaction, and a slag formed under the gasification chamber for gasification A composite reactor configured to collect the chamber; A gas-liquid separator for quenching the pyrolysis gas to receive liquid fuel oil; A combustor for separating oil from the gas-liquid separator and burning the remaining pyrolysis gas; A syngas heat exchanger for quenching syngas gasified in the gasification chamber; In the fuel oil production method using a two-stage pyrolysis gasification complex device comprising a; syngas storage tank for filtering the contaminants contained in the quenched syngas to receive the synthesis gas; Bitumen feeding step (S1) of heating the oil sand to quantitatively supply the pyrolysis chamber of the reactor; A fluidized bed pyrolysis step (S2) of thermally decomposing the supplied bitumen in an oxygen-free atmosphere to generate pyrolysis gas and coke, and to improve heat transfer to bitumen by fluidizing the coke with a fluidizing gas supplied from the bottom; A heat exchange oil collecting step (S3) of condensing and collecting the oil component included in the pyrolysis gas through a gas-liquid separator for cooling the pyrolysis pyrolysis gas; A pyrolysis gas combustion step (S4) of producing pyrolysis heat and carbonized gas, which is used in a fluidized bed pyrolysis step, by burning the remaining pyrolysis gas after separating the oil component; A fractionation layer coke gasification step (S5) of receiving the thermally separated coke and gasifying it with oxygen and steam to produce a synthesis gas; Synthesis gas purification step (S6) of quenching the high-temperature state synthesis gas to remove foreign substances by filtering to collect the synthesis gas (S6); fuel oil production method using a two-stage pyrolysis gasification composite device comprising a.

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