KR101113724B1 - Fluidized pyrolyzer of high viscosity oilsand bitumen for synthetic liquid fuel and liquid fuel production method using it - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a pyrolysis device and a fuel oil production method for pyrolyzing oil sand bitumen having high viscosity to receive liquid fuel oil, and more particularly, to a fluidized bed pyrolysis using a catalyst as a fluid medium, Fluidized bed pyrolysis device of oil sands bitumen to produce synthetic fuel oil through pyrolysis in anoxic or low oxygen state using a fluidized bed pyrolysis unit that combines a first fluidized bed pyrolyser and a second catalytic pyrolyser with sand as a fluid medium, and fuel oil production using the same It is about a method.

The present invention can recover 60 to 70% of the liquid oil from the oil sands bitumen by pyrolysis in an anoxic or low oxygen state through a fluidized bed pyrolyzer having a catalyst or sand as a fluid medium and a fixed bed pyrolyzer packed with a fixed bed catalyst secondarily. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method.

Pyrolysis equipment, fluidized bed, catalyst, oil sands bitumen

Description

FLUIDIZED PYROLYZER OF HIGH VISCOSITY OILSAND BITUMEN FOR SYNTHETIC LIQUID FUEL AND LIQUID FUEL PRODUCTION METHOD USING IT}

The present invention relates to a pyrolysis device and a fuel oil production method for pyrolyzing oil sand bitumen having high viscosity to receive liquid fuel oil, and more particularly, to a fluidized bed pyrolysis using a catalyst as a fluid medium, Fluidized bed pyrolysis device of oil sands bitumen to produce synthetic fuel oil through pyrolysis in anoxic or low oxygen state using a fluidized bed pyrolysis unit that combines a first fluidized bed pyrolyser and a second catalytic pyrolyser with sand as a fluid medium, and fuel oil production using the same It's about how

Oil Sands Bitumen is a high-petroleum alternative fuel produced from oil sands of the same origin as petroleum-like minerals but of the same origin but different from petroleum, consisting of sand, water, clay and trace minerals. It is a resource. The oil sands usually consist of 75-85% of inorganic matter (sand, clay, minerals, etc.), 3-5% water and 1-18% bitumen.

The oil sands bitumen is similar to super heavy crude oil having black, high weight, and high viscosity, but has a specific gravity similar to water unlike crude oil. In addition, since the oil sand bitumen does not generally flow through the pipe, it is characterized by lowering the viscosity after being heated or mixed with a diluent such as light oil, and can be mined only in some regions such as Canada and Mongolia.

Due to the shortcomings of oil sands bitumen, there was no great interest, but the demand for oil sands exploded due to the high oil price and the development of alternative resources. Therefore, although it was intended to recover and utilize the oil sands bitumen as an alternative to petroleum in the oil sands, it was difficult to apply to the existing petrochemical refining process due to the presence of high sulfur, tar and the like.

In addition, since the oil sands bitumen is difficult to use as a fuel mined, it is necessary to develop a new refining technology that can be used as a fuel to use as a fuel.

Looking at the field of use of conventional bitumen, oil, sand and bitumen through a gasification process widely used in the conversion of solid fuel energy, as shown in the patent application 2008-0110441 'gasifier of high viscosity bitumen for synthesis gas production' There is a method of producing a syngas composed of carbon monoxide, that is, a gaseous fuel. In addition, Patent Application No. 2000-0029593, "Bitumen emulsion, and its use for the manufacture of materials and road paving materials", and Patent Application No. 1998-7003757, "Bitumen composition and its manufacturing method," It describes a technique that utilizes bitumen as an asphalt pavement rather than as an energy resource.

As such, the utilization of the conventional bitumen is limited to the production of road pavement materials or gas fuel, and as a way to diversify it, research and development of a method of producing liquid fuel is necessary.

The fluidized bed pyrolysis device of oil sands bitumen for the production of synthetic fuel oil according to the present invention and the fuel oil production method using the same,

A device capable of recovering 60 to 70% of liquid oil from oil sands bitumen by pyrolysis in an anoxic or low oxygen state through a fluidized bed pyrolyzer having a catalyst or sand as a fluid medium and a fixed bed pyrolyzer packed with a second fixed bed catalyst. To provide a method.

Fluidized bed pyrolysis device of oil sands bitumen for the production of synthetic fuel oil of the present invention for solving the above problems,

An apparatus for producing liquid fuel from oil sands bitumen, the apparatus comprising: a supply unit for quantitatively supplying oil sands bitumen stored in a hopper to a screw feeder so that a quantitative supply is made through an input pipe; A fluidized bed pyrolysis unit using a catalyst or sand as a fluidized bed material and pyrolyzing the supplied oil sand bitumen while fluidized by a fluidized gas introduced into the bottom; A cyclone separating a gas component and a solid component of the pyrolysis gas discharged from an upper portion of the fluidized bed pyrolysis unit; A fixed bed pyrolyzer installed between the fluidized bed pyrolyzer and a cyclone, and having a catalyst filled therein to further pyrolyze by a catalytic reaction; A heat exchanger configured to agglomerate oil components by heat-exchanging hot gas components separated by the cyclone; An oil collector for collecting oil agglomerated by the heat exchanger; An electrostatic precipitating oil collector for collecting the residual oil by electrostatic precipitating a gas component including the oil mist discharged from the heat exchanger; It is configured to include; a discharge pipe for discharging the final gas of the electric dust collection is completed.

In addition, the fuel oil production method using a fluidized bed pyrolysis device of oil sands bitumen for the production of synthetic fuel oil,

Fluidized bed pyrolysis unit that receives oil sand bitumen and pyrolyzes by fluid reaction, fixed bed pyrolysis unit for pyrolysis of pyrolyzed gas through fixed bed catalyst, oil collector and electric oil collector which receives oil from pyrolyzed gas In the method for producing fuel oil from oil sands bitumen by using fluidized bed pyrolysis device of oil sands bitumen for the production of synthetic fuel oil including discharge pipe for discharging the final gas, the oil sands bitumen is fixed by screw feeder. A feeding step of feeding the fluidized bed pyrolysis unit; A fluidized bed pyrolysis step of supplying the preheated fluidizing gas upward from the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolyzer to fluidize the fluidized material, which is sand or catalyst accumulated inside, to transfer high heat to the charged bitumen so as to pyrolyze in anoxic or low oxygen ecology; A heat exchange oil collecting step of allowing the pyrolyzed gas to be separated into high-temperature by cyclone, and passing the separated gas through a heat exchanger to aggregate the gasified oil components to collect oil; An electrostatic precipitating oil collecting step of collecting the residual oil components by electrostatic precipitating gas containing the oil mist which has undergone the heat exchange oil collecting step; The discharge step of discharging the final gas is completed the electrostatic precipitating; the pyrolysis gas to perform the fluidized bed pyrolysis step is introduced into a fixed bed pyrolysis filled with a catalyst fixed bed for the second pyrolysis by the catalytic reaction A catalytic pyrolysis step is further carried out.

As described in detail above, the fluidized bed pyrolysis device of oil sands bitumen for the production of synthetic fuel oil of the present invention, and the fuel oil production method using the same,

High-viscosity oil sands bitumen was pyrolyzed in anoxic or low-oxygen state to recover more than 60-70% of liquid fuel, making it possible to directly use it as a fuel in a petroleum refining process or a boiler. In addition, it is possible to change the quality of the liquid fuel oil according to the type of catalyst used, the conversion of the basic raw materials used in the chemical industry, it is possible to produce not only liquid fuel oil but also gas fuel through primary and secondary pyrolysis. .

In addition, it is a useful invention to provide a useful apparatus and method that can increase the output compared to the apparatus scale by using a fluidized bed pyrolyzer to reduce the equipment cost.

Hereinafter, a fluidized bed pyrolysis device of oil sands bitumen for producing synthetic fuel oil according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

Apparatus 10 for producing liquid fuel from oil sands bitumen according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the oil sands bitumen stored in the hopper 21 is supplied to the screw feeder 22 to feed the input pipe 23 It has a supply unit 20 to be quantitative supply through. The hopper, screw feeder, and input pipe constituting the supply unit are preferably further equipped with a heating device to prevent solidification of the bitumen stored or transported and to increase fluidity.

The fluidized bed pyrolyzer 30, which receives the oil sand bitumen from the supply unit 20, has a fluidized material which is a catalyst or sand flowing in from the lower part of the fluidized gas and flows by the fluidized gas. The fluidizing material is used having a diameter of 100 ~ 500㎛, increases the contact between the bitumen supplied by the fluidization and the fluidizing material to increase the pyrolysis efficiency. In addition, as the fluidizing gas, the pyrolysis is performed without combustion in a low oxygen atmosphere by using a gas containing low oxygen of 5% or less, and preferably, pyrolysis is performed in an oxygen-free atmosphere by using nitrogen as the fluidizing gas. In this case, the fluidized gas is preferably passed through the preheater 31 before being supplied to the fluidized bed pyrolyzer to prevent the reaction temperature from being lowered upon supply to the fluidized bed pyrolyser. In addition, it is preferable to mount a heating means 32 such as an electric heater on the outer surface of the fluidized bed pyrolyzer 30 to prevent heat loss of the internal reaction temperature.

The gas pyrolyzed in the fluidized bed pyrolyzer separates the solid and gas components through the cyclone 50. The cyclone separates and removes the fluidized bed material dust worn out in the reaction from the pyrolyzed gas component.

The gas component from which the solid component is removed by the cyclone is introduced into the heat exchanger 60. The heat exchanger lowers the temperature of the gas component by heat exchange between the pyrolyzed gas component and the cooling water to condense and separate the oil component contained in the gas component.

Here, the oil collector 70 is installed at the discharge portion of the heat exchanger to collect the liquid fuel oil as the oil component condensed in the heat exchanger, and the gas from which the liquid oil component is removed by the oil collector is an electrostatic precipitating oil collector 80. ) To collect the residual oil mist, and the final gas after the electrodusting is completed is discharged through the discharge pipe (12).

In the structure, a fixed bed pyrolyzer 40 may be further installed between the fluidized bed pyrolyzer 30 and the cyclone 50.

As shown in FIG. 2, the fixed bed pyrolyzer 40 is filled with a catalyst so that the pyrolysis gas discharged from the fluidized bed pyrolyzer 30 is supplied through the transfer pipe 11 so that the catalytic reaction is performed. Can be Here, the catalyst packed in the fixed bed pyrolyzer may use various kinds of catalysts, and when the catalyst is used as a fluidizing material in the fluidized bed pyrolyzer, it may be used by charging a catalyst that reacts at a different temperature range. For example, using a low-temperature reaction catalyst that reacts at a lower temperature than a fixed bed pyrolyzer, or using a high-temperature reaction catalyst such that a reaction is performed at a temperature higher than that of the fixed bed pyrolyzer by installing heating means. It is applicable.

In addition, the transfer pipe for transporting the pyrolysis gas discharged from the fluidized bed pyrolyzer 30 is branched and is equipped with an intermittent valve 90 at the branch point to directly transfer the pyrolyzed gas discharged from the fluidized bed pyrolyzer to the cyclone 50. Alternatively, it may be possible to selectively supply such as transporting to a cyclone through the fixed bed pyrolyzer 40.

As shown in FIG. 3, the transfer pipe for discharging the pyrolysis gas of the fluidized bed pyrolyzer is branched into the first transfer pipe 111 and the second transfer pipe 112, and the interruption valve 90 is mounted at the branch point to transfer the transfer flow path. It was selectively opened. As described above, the branched first transfer pipe 111 is directly connected to the cyclone 50, and the second transfer pipe 112 is provided with a fixed bed pyrolyzer 40. Therefore, when the pyrolysis gas is transferred to the second transfer pipe 112, the pyrolysis may be increased by the catalytic reaction of the fixed bed pyrolyzer 40, and then the pyrolysis gas may be supplied to the cyclone 50 to increase the pyrolysis efficiency. have.

At this time, the intermittent valve 90 may be operated arbitrarily, but may be automatically operated according to the component analysis data of the gas analyzer 121 installed in the discharge pipe 12 for discharging the final gas. For example, when the pyrolysis gas of the fluidized bed pyrolyzer (30) is supplied to the cyclone (50) through the first transfer pipe (111), if the component analysis of the gas analyzer installed in the discharge pipe shows less pyrolysis, the intermittent valve (90) is operated. To close the first conveying pipe and open the second conveying pipe 112 so that pyrolysis gas is supplied to the cyclone through the fixed bed pyrolyzer 40 so that pyrolysis by the catalyst is further performed. It can be adjusted selectively.

On the other hand, the fuel oil production method using the fluidized bed pyrolysis device of the oil sands bitumen according to the present invention as described above, the supply step (S1), fluidized bed pyrolysis step (S2) and heat exchange oil collection as shown in FIG. Step S3, the electrostatic precipitating oil collection step (S4), and comprises a discharge step (S5).

The feeding step (S1) is a step of supplying the oil sand bitumen to the fluidized bed pyrolysis in a quantitative manner using a screw feeder.

In addition, the fluidized-bed pyrolysis step (S2) is to supply the pre-heated fluidized gas from the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolyzer to fluidize the fluidized material, such as sand or catalyst accumulated therein so that high heat is transferred to bitumen introduced in the supplying step in anoxic or low oxygen ecology. This step allows pyrolysis of bitumen.

Next, the heat exchange oil collection step (S3) is a high-temperature separation of the pyrolyzed gas by the cyclone in the fluidized bed pyrolysis step, and through the heat exchanger through the separated gas to agglomerated gaseous oil components to collect the oil Step.

The electrostatic precipitating oil collecting step (S4) is a step of collecting the residual oil component by electrostatic precipitating the gas containing the oil mist which has undergone the heat exchange oil collecting step, and the discharging step (S5) is the final electrostatic precipitating completed. It is a step of exhausting gas.

Here, the pyrolysis gas having undergone the fluidized bed pyrolysis step may further perform a fixed bed catalyst pyrolysis step (S6) in which the second pyrolysis is performed by the catalytic reaction by entering the fixed bed pyrolyzer with the catalyst as shown in FIG. 5. have.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, the fluidized-bed pyrolysis step (S2) is followed by analyzing the final gas discharged in the discharge step to transfer the pyrolyzed gas discharged from the fluidized-bed pyrolyzer directly to a cyclone to collect heat exchange oil (S3). The transfer channel selection step (S7) may be further performed to select the transfer flow path by adjusting the control valve to transfer to the fixed bed pyrolysis step to perform the fixed bed catalyst pyrolysis step (S6).

The present invention will be described through the following examples.

Example-Determination of pyrolysis according to various catalysts (ZSM-5, MMZ ZSM-5, etc.) in a multistage catalytic pyrolysis plant

The reactor used in the experiment was a multi-stage catalytic pyrolysis reactor (ID 5 cm) developed by the present invention and the reaction temperature was set to 500 ℃.

Nitrogen was flowed at 50 ml / min and reaction time was carried out for 2 hours 30 minutes.

Initially, oil sands bitumen was filled with 3 g.

The catalysts used in the experiments were zeolite-based catalysts widely used in the decomposition process and mesoporous zeolite-type catalysts developed by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology.

As shown in FIG. 7, the oil and gas yields were different according to the catalyst. As noted, the use of catalysts results in a change in oil content.

8 is a component analysis of the secondary decomposition oil using a ZSM-5 catalyst.

As mentioned above, when the catalyst is not used, a large number of C13-23 carbon atoms are included, but most of them are converted to C5-12 by secondary pyrolysis through the ZSM-5 catalyst and converted into aromatic hydrocarbon materials. Confirmed.

When using the MMZ-ZSM5 catalyst, a relatively large amount of paraffinic material is included. Thus, the oil component can be changed through the catalyst and the multi-stage pyrolysis.

1 to 3 are schematic diagrams showing an embodiment of a fluidized bed pyrolysis apparatus of oil sands bitumen according to the present invention.

4 to 6 are flowcharts showing an embodiment of a fuel oil production method using the apparatus according to the present invention.

7 to 8 are thermal decomposition results and oil component analysis results of oil sands bitumen according to the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: pyrolysis device

11: transfer pipe 12: discharge pipe

111: first transfer pipe 112: second transfer pipe 121: gas analyzer

20: supply part

21 hopper 22 screw feeder 23 input tube

30: fluidized bed pyrolysis machine

31: preheater 32: heating means

40: fixed bed pyrolysis

50: cyclone

60: heat exchanger

70: oil collector

80: electrostatic precipitating oil collector

90: intermittent valve

Claims (7)

In an apparatus for producing liquid fuel from oil sands bitumen, A supply unit 20 for quantitatively supplying the oil sand bitumen stored in the hopper 21 to the screw feeder 22 so that the quantitative supply is made through the input pipe 23; A fluidized bed pyrolyzer (30) which uses a catalyst or sand as a fluidized bed material and pyrolyzes the supplied oil sand bitumen while fluidized by a fluidized gas introduced into the bottom; A cyclone (50) separating the gas component and the solid component of the pyrolysis gas discharged from the upper portion of the fluidized bed pyrolysis unit; A fixed bed pyrolyzer (40) installed between the fluidized bed pyrolyzer (30) and the cyclone (50), the catalyst being charged therein to further pyrolyze by catalytic reaction; A heat exchanger (60) for agglomerating oil components by heat-exchanging hot gas components separated by the cyclone; An oil collector (70) for collecting the oil agglomerated by the heat exchange; An electrostatic precipitating oil collector (80) for collecting the residual oil by electrocollecting a gas component including the oil mist discharged from the heat exchanger; Fluidized bed pyrolysis device of the oil sands bitumen for the production of synthetic fuel oil, characterized in that it comprises a; discharge pipe (12) for discharging the final gas is completed electrostatic precipitating. delete The method of claim 1, The transfer pipe 11 which transfers the pyrolysis gas discharged from the fluidized bed pyrolyzer 30 passes through the first transfer pipe 111 for directly transferring the pyrolysis gas to the cyclone 50 and the fixed bed pyrolyzer 40. Branching is made to the second transfer pipe 112 to be transported to the cyclone, the branch point of the oil sand bitumen for the production of synthetic fuel oil, characterized in that the intermittent valve 90 for selectively opening the branched flow path is mounted. Fluidized Bed Pyrolysis Unit. The method of claim 3, The discharge pipe 12 is further equipped with a gas analyzer 121 for analyzing the final gas discharged, The fluidized bed pyrolysis device of the oil sands bitumen for producing synthetic fuel oil, characterized in that the transfer flow path of the intermittent valve 90 installed in the transfer pipe by the analysis data of the gas analyzer 121 is selectively made. Fluidized bed pyrolysis unit that receives oil sand bitumen and pyrolyzes by fluid reaction, fixed bed pyrolysis unit for pyrolysis of pyrolyzed gas through fixed bed catalyst, oil collector and electric oil collector which receives oil from pyrolyzed gas In the method for producing fuel oil from the oil sands bitumen using a fluidized bed pyrolysis device of oil sands bitumen for the production of synthetic fuel oil comprising a discharge pipe for discharging the final gas, A supply step (S1) of feeding the oil sands bitumen to the fluidized bed pyrolyzer in a quantitative manner using a screw feeder; A fluidized bed pyrolysis step (S2) of supplying the preheated fluidizing gas from the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolyzer to fluidize the fluidized material, which is the sand or catalyst accumulated therein, to transfer high heat to the charged bitumen to pyrolyze in anoxic or low oxygen ecology; A heat exchange oil collecting step (S3) of performing pyrolysis on the pyrolyzed gas, and collecting the oil by agglomerating the gasified oil component by passing the separated gas through a heat exchanger; An electrostatic precipitating oil collecting step (S4) of collecting the remaining oil components by electrostatic precipitating the gas including the oil mist from which the heat exchanging oil collecting step is performed; It comprises a; discharge step (S5) for discharging the final gas is completed the electrostatic precipitating; The pyrolysis gas that has undergone the fluidized bed pyrolysis step is introduced into a fixed bed pyrolyzer filled with a catalyst, and a fixed bed catalyst pyrolysis step (S6) for performing secondary pyrolysis by a catalytic reaction is further performed. Fuel oil production method using fluidized bed pyrolysis device of oil sands bitumen. delete The method of claim 5, After the fluidized bed pyrolysis step, the final gas discharged from the discharge step is analyzed to directly transfer the pyrolysis gas discharged from the fluidized bed pyrolyzer to a cyclone to perform a heat exchange oil collection step (S3), or to a fixed bed pyrolysis unit. Fluidized bed pyrolysis of oil sands bitumen for the production of synthetic fuel oil, characterized in that the transfer flow path selection step (S7) to further select the transfer flow path by the control of the control valve to perform the catalytic pyrolysis step (S6). Fuel oil production method using the device.

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