KR20110045663A - Electrode and fabricating method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: An electrode and a fabricating method thereof are provided to improve battery efficiency by comprising a current collector, an electrode layer, and a plurality of pores arranged at one of the current collector and electrode layer. CONSTITUTION: An electrode includes a current collector(110), an electrode layer(120), and a plurality of pores arranged at one of the current collector and electrode layer. The pores are arranged on the current collector. The electrode layer includes an electrode active material arranged inside the pores. The porosity of the pores is increased inversely proportionally to the distance with the electrode layer.

Description

Electrode and manufacturing method thereof

The present invention relates to an electrode and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to an electrode including a plurality of pores and a method of manufacturing the same.

Recently, the development of the electronic and information communication industry is showing rapid growth through the portable, miniaturized, lightweight, and high-performance electronic devices. Therefore, it is adopted as a high performance secondary battery as a power source for these portable electronic devices, and demand is increasing rapidly. Secondary batteries used with repeated charging and discharging are essential as power sources for portable electronic devices, electric bicycles, and electric vehicles for information and communication. In particular, since their product performance depends on batteries, which are core components, the demand for high performance batteries is very large.

Accordingly, there is a need for a battery capable of improving performance of energy storage devices and adding miniaturization.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an electrode having a change in porosity and a manufacturing method thereof.

An electrode for achieving the above object includes a current collector, an electrode layer, and a plurality of pores provided in at least one of the current collector and the electrode layer.

Here, the plurality of pores are provided in the current collector, the electrode layer includes an electrode active material disposed in the pores provided in the current collector, the porosity of the plurality of pores increases in inverse proportion to the distance to the electrode layer. Can be.

In addition, the electrode layer is formed on the surface of the current collector, the plurality of pores are provided in the electrode layer, the porosity of the plurality of pores is to be gradually increased in proportion to the distance from the surface of the current collector Can be.

Here, at least one of the current collector and the electrode layer may be formed in an aerosol manner.

In addition, a battery using the electrode according to any one of the above embodiments as at least one of a negative electrode and a positive electrode may be provided.

On the other hand, the electrode manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of preparing a current collector, forming an electrode layer on the current collector, at least one of the current collector and the electrode layer is a plurality of pores Include.

Here, the plurality of pores are provided in the current collector, the electrode layer includes an electrode active material disposed in the pores provided in the current collector, the porosity of the plurality of pores increases in inverse proportion to the distance to the electrode layer. Can be.

In addition, the electrode layer is formed on the surface of the current collector, the plurality of pores are provided in the electrode layer, the porosity of the plurality of pores can be gradually increased in proportion to the distance from the surface of the current collector. have.

Here, at least one of the current collector and the electrode layer may be formed in an aerosol manner.

Accordingly, the efficiency of the battery can be improved and the battery size can be minimized.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a structure of a porous current collector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to FIG. 1, the current collector 110 includes a pad portion 111 and a current collector portion 112.

The pad part 110 may be in the form of a plate in which no pores exist as a part for connecting with an external terminal.

The current collector unit 112 may be in a form of contacting the electrode active material and include a plurality of pores 10.

The porosity of the current collector 112 may vary depending on the distance from the pad 110. In detail, the porosity of the current collector unit 112 increases in proportion to the distance from the pad unit 110. As a result, the contact area with the electrode layer (not shown) formed on the current collector unit 112 increases.

In addition, the active material constituting the electrode is located in the pores in the current collector portion 112 can reduce the overall size of the electrode.

The current collector 110 serves to create a flow of electrons between the electrode active material and the battery terminal, and may be used without particular limitation as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.

The current collector 110 is made of, for example, copper, nickel, stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, carbon-coated aluminum, nickel foam, copper foam, a polymer substrate coated with a conductive metal, and combinations thereof. One selected from the group can be used, but is not limited thereto. Alternatively, a material obtained by surface coating at least one of the above materials with another may be used.

In some cases, Ti-Ni-based shape memory binary alloy or Ti-Ni-X-based shape memory ternary alloy is used as the current collector 110, and Ti sulfide is formed on the surface of the current collector 110 by internal sulfiding. And by forming Ni sulfide to be used as a positive electrode active material, it has shape memory characteristics and can simultaneously perform the roles of a current collector and a positive electrode of a battery as one device.

In some cases, the current collector 110 may be etched to increase the surface area.

2A and 2B are vertical cross-sectional views illustrating an electrode structure using the current collector of FIG. 1.

2A and 2B, the electrode 100 includes a current collector 110 and an electrode layer 120.

Since the current collector 110 is the same as that shown in FIG. 1, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The electrode layer 120 is a material that performs an electrochemical reaction with the electrolyte in the battery, and may be in the form of a slurry in which an active material and a conductive material are mixed, and in some cases, may further include a binder.

The electrode layer 120 includes a plurality of pores 20, and the porosity of the electrode layer 120 may vary depending on the distance from the current collector 110. In detail, the porosity of the electrode layer 120 may increase in proportion to the distance from the current collector 110.

The electrode layer 120 is formed on the porous current collector 110 and press-pressed, or the electrode layer 120 is in close contact with the porous current collector 110 by a method of coating a liquid electrode layer 120 on the porous current collector 110 (CVD method). You can. In this case, the electrode 100 may be an electrode integrated device in which an active material constituting the electrode layer 120 is inserted into the pores 10 of the current collector 110.

Meanwhile, in FIG. 2A, while the porous electrode layer 120 is formed on the porous current collector 110, a portion of the electrode layer is inserted into the pores of the porous current collector 110, but as shown in FIG. 2B, the porous electrode layer 120 is illustrated. Most may be inserted into the pores 10 of the porous current collector 100 to form one unitary device.

Figure 2c is a view showing a cross section of the porous electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to FIG. 2C, the cross section of the porous electrode 100 may be a form in which a slurry constituting the electrode layer 120 is filled in pores of the porous current collector 110.

On the other hand, when the electrode 100 is used in a lithium battery, the active material constituting the electrode layer 120 may be applied as an active material without limitation as long as it is a compound capable of reversible intercalation / deintercalation of lithium.

When the electrode 100 is used as a negative electrode of a lithium battery, the active material includes a material capable of reversibly intercalating lithium ions, a material capable of reversibly forming a compound with lithium metal, a lithium metal or a lithium alloy. What was manufactured with the negative electrode active material used is used. As the lithium alloy, a lithium / aluminum alloy or a lithium / tin alloy may be used.

As a material capable of causing a reversible reaction of lithium ions, any carbon negative active material generally used in a lithium ion secondary battery may be used, and representative examples thereof may include crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, or a combination thereof. . In addition, a representative example of a material capable of reversibly forming a compound with lithium metal may include titanium nitrate, but is not limited thereto.

Alternatively, a metal-based active material may be used, and preferably, one selected from the group consisting of lithium metal, a metal material alloyable with lithium, and a mixture thereof may be used. Specifically, the metal materials alloyable with lithium include Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Ti, Ag, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge , Sn, Pb, Sb, Ni, Bi, and combinations thereof may be used.

On the other hand, when the electrode 100 is used as a positive electrode of a lithium battery, as the positive electrode active material, any compound capable of causing a reversible reaction of lithium may be used without limitation. For example, Ni ₃ Si ₂ , LiMn ₂ O ₄ , LiCoO ₂ , LiNiO ₂ , LiFePO ₄ , V ₂ O ₅ , TiS, MoS, and the like, at least one of these may be selected and used.

In some cases, one having a coating layer on the surface of the active material may be used, or a compound having an active material and a coating layer may be used in combination. The coating layer may comprise at least one coating element compound selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides of coating elements, oxyhydroxides of coating elements, oxycarbonates of coating elements, and hydroxycarbonates of coating elements. The compounds constituting these coating layers may be amorphous or crystalline. In addition, the coating element included in the coating layer is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Co, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, V, Sn, Ge, Ga, B, As, Zr, and combinations thereof. Can be used.

The coating layer forming process may use any coating method as long as it can be coated using such elements in a compound that does not adversely affect the physical properties of the positive electrode active material (eg, spray coating, dipping, etc.) Detailed descriptions will be omitted since they can be understood.

On the other hand, the active material may be included to such an extent that the bonding strength with the current collector is not deteriorated due to a decrease in capacity or a decrease in the amount of the binder relative to the total weight of the active material layer.

The conductive material may be formed of a conductive polymer. Polymers with electrical conductivity: Poly (sulfurnitrile), Polypyrrole, Poly (p-phenylene), Polyphenylenesulfide, Polyaniline , Polyphenylenevinylene (Poly (p-phenylenevinylene)) may be implemented.

Meanwhile, the electrode active material and the conductive polymer may be mixed before being stacked on the current collector 110. Specifically, the electrode active material and the conductive polymer may be implemented in powder form, and may form a mixture by mixing the powder powder, and may be mixed in a polymer form by coating the conductive polymer on the surface of the electrode active material. The polymerization of the electrode active material and the conductive polymer may be formed by various polymerization methods, synthesis, substitution, or the like, and may be made of an electrode active material and a conductive polymer by adding an electrode active material in the manufacturing process of the conductive polymer.

On the other hand, the shape of the conductive material is not particularly limited, and may be in various forms such as granular, flaky and fibrous.

The binder adheres the negative electrode active material particles to each other well, and also serves to adhere the negative electrode active material to the current collector well.

Examples of the binder include polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, carboxylated polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl difluoride, polymers including ethylene oxide, polyvinyl Pyrrolidone, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylated styrene-butadiene rubber, epoxy resins, nylon, etc. may be used, but is not limited thereto. It is not.

In addition, an aqueous binder may be used as the binder. The aqueous binder has an advantage that the electrolyte may penetrate well when the battery is manufactured by the electrode 110.

For example, the aqueous binder is one selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylic rubber, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and polyvinylidene fluoride. More than one material may be used.

In addition, the particle size of the electrode layer 120 may be adjusted by grinding and sieving the particles constituting the electrode layer 120.

Meanwhile, the pores in the current collector 110 and the electrode layer 120 may be formed according to a conventional pore forming method. When the pores are formed using the pore forming agent, the size, distribution, and porosity of the pores formed in the electrode active material layer may be adjusted according to the size, content, and treatment method of the pore forming agent used at this time. Here, the pore-forming agent is generally used without particular limitation as long as it is used for pore formation. Specifically, (NH4) 2CO3, NH4HCO3, (NH4) 2C2O4 and mixtures thereof, which are volatilized and removed by heat treatment to form pores in the active material layer, poly (alkylene carbonate), poly High molecular materials such as (alkylene oxide), poly (dialkylsiloxane), acrylate polymers, or alkali metal-containing carbonates such as Li 2 CO 3, K 2 CO 3, Na (CO 3) 2, and the like, which can be dissolved and eluted in an acid. Here, the porosity of the active material layer may be such that it does not adversely affect the volume expansion inhibition and energy density.

In addition, the pores 10 and 20 in the current collector 110 and the electrode layer 120 may be formed in an aerosol manner. Detailed description thereof will be described later.

On the other hand, the porosity in the current collector 110 decreases as the distance from the contact with the electrode layer 120, the porosity in the electrode layer 120 may increase as the distance from the contact with the current collector 110. Accordingly, an area in which the current collector 110 and the electrode layer 120 contact each other and an area in which the electrode layer 120 and the electrolyte constituting the battery contact each other may increase.

As a method for implementing the above-described configuration, the slurry in which the electrode active material and the conductive material (or further including a binder) are mixed may be laminated stepwise on the current collector while adjusting the amount of the conductive material stepwise.

Alternatively, the electrode layer may be grown on the current collector while reducing the number of electrode active materials or reducing the amount of the conductive material by an aerosol method. In the case of using the aerosol method, a binder may not be required, the electrode may be manufactured at room temperature, and there is an advantage that the heat treatment does not need to be performed.

Alternatively, the electrode layer may be grown on the current collector using a sintering method. Here, the sintering method is a method in which the powder is press-molded in a suitable shape to be tightly adhered to each other when sintered, which is widely understood by those skilled in the art, and thus detailed description thereof will be omitted.

3A to 3D are views illustrating pore shapes according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

According to FIGS. 3A to 3D, the pores formed in at least one of the current collector and the electrode layer may have various shapes such as triangles, squares, circles, and hexagons.

4 is a flowchart illustrating an electrode manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to Figure 4, to provide a porous current collector (S410).

Subsequently, a porous electrode layer having a porosity increased in a direction away from the porous current collector is stacked on the porous current collector (S420).

In this case, the pores in the porous current collector and the porous electrode layer may be formed using a conventional pore forming agent or by using an aerosol method.

Hereinafter, a configuration of forming pores using an aerosol method according to various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIGS. 5A and 8B.

5A and 5B are diagrams for describing an aerosol method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to FIG. 5A, a method of fixing aerosol particles to a fixed body using a collision fixing method may be used. That is, the aerosol particles (A) may be a method of fixing by colliding with the fixed body (50). Here, the aerosol particles (A) can be moved along the flow of inert gas or nitrogen to collide naturally and can also be impacted by a separate external wind.

Meanwhile, the aerosol particles A may be particles constituting the current collector 110 and the active material layer 120.

In addition, the fixed body 50 may be the pad unit 111 in the case of forming the current collector 110, and may be the current collector 100 in the case of forming the active material 120.

The above definitions for the aerosol particles (A) and the pinned body 50 can be equally applied below.

On the other hand, when the to-be-fixed body 50 is a porous substrate, the aerosol nanoparticles A are fixed to the to-be-fixed body 50 by collision, blocking, and diffusion, and at the same time, gaseous components such as inert gas, nitrogen, etc. It can escape to the outside through.

According to Figure 5b, it is possible to fix the particles using a thermophoretic phenomenon. That is, by adjusting the temperature of the fixed body 50 to a temperature lower than the temperature of the aerosol particles (A) by the temperature controller 51 to induce automatic movement of the aerosol particles (A) to the fixed body 50 It can be a way to fix it.

In this case, the porosity can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of aerosol (A) particles step by step.

6A and 6B are diagrams for describing an aerosol method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

6A and 6B, a porous current collector and a porous active material layer may be formed using an electric field.

Method using the electric field formed on the electrode plate 61, that is, between the positive electrode (61 in the case of Figure 6a) or negative charge (in the case of Figure 6b) between the positive electrode plate 61 to which power is applied The aerosol particles (A) are moved by the attraction between the one electrode plate 61 and the positive charge (in case of FIG. 6A) or the negative charge (in case of FIG. 6B) of the positive electrode plate 61. ) Is a method of fixing by moving to the fixed body (60).

In some cases, in order to enhance the fixing efficiency of the aerosol particles (A), it is possible to treat the surface to be fixed.

That is, as a part of the surface of the fixed object is separated by plasma surface treatment or chemical application to the fixed object to be plated, unevenness may be generated, and the fixing force and fixation of the aerosol particles by collision, blocking and diffusion due to unevenness Efficiency can be enhanced.

 Here, the chemical agent may be a strong acid or strong base material, for example, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), nitric acid (HNO 3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and the like.

Of course, such a surface treatment of the fixed body may be applied at any point in time before the step of fixing the aerosol particles to the fixed body.

On the other hand, according to the present invention, when the aerosol particles (A) is fixed to the fixed body, it may further include an adhesion improving agent treatment step for improving the fixing force, that is, adhesion.

For example, a method of spraying by mixing the adhesive solution to the aerosol particles, the method of applying the adhesive to the fixed body before the aerosol particle fixing step, the aerosol particles attached to the fixed body after the aerosol particle fixing step The method of apply | coating a liquid, etc. can be used.

On the other hand, according to the present invention, after the fixing step of the metal aerosol nanoparticles, it may further include a fixed body heat pressing step of heat-compressing the fixed body (50, 60) through a rolling method using a pressing roll.

Here, the temperature condition for the hot pressing may be a temperature higher than or equal to room temperature, and the upper limit of the temperature condition may be different depending on the type of the fixed body 50, 60, that is, the deformation of the fixed body 50, 60 is different. It is possible if the temperature does not occur. Of course, it is preferable that the temperature is such that not only the kind of the fixed body 50, 60 but also the property improving agent of the adhesion improving agent and the aerosol particles (A) are not generated.

According to the fixed heat pressing step, the fixing force of the fixed aerosol particles (A) is further enhanced, and various impurities such as moisture are volatilized and removed due to heat due to heating.

7A is a view for explaining an aerosol method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

According to the aerosol deposition apparatus shown in FIG. 7A, the carrier gas 72 flows into the aerosol chamber 71 containing the powder, and contains the fine powders suspended in the aerosol chamber 71 to deposit the vacuum chamber 70 in a vacuum state. May be sprayed through the nozzle 74 to the substrate 76 within the. The substrate 76 may move in the X and Y axes, and a patterning mask 75 may be positioned on the substrate 76.

7B is a view for explaining a coating process of aerosol particles.

For example, a process for producing a LiFePO4 thin film, for example, when dispersed particles of LiFePO4 impinge on the substrate, as shown in Figure 7b, the particles are crushed, some pieces are stuck to the substrate, or a strong bond, the next particles Will crash on it. The collided particles then break up to form a layer of strong bonding and the next particles collide thereon.

8 is a view showing the structure of a lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 8, a lithium battery 800 according to an embodiment of the present invention is impregnated with a negative electrode 802, a positive electrode 804, and a separator 803 existing between the negative electrode 802 and the positive electrode 804. The battery container 805 containing electrolyte solution, and the sealing member 806 which encloses the battery container 805 are included. Herein, the above-described porous electrode may be used as the cathode 802 and the anode 804.

Meanwhile, the lithium secondary battery 800 of FIG. 8 may include a separator 803, or may not include the separator 803 when at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes a high strength binder layer. .

The lithium secondary battery may be classified into a lithium ion battery, a lithium ion polymer battery, and a lithium polymer battery according to the type of separator and electrolyte used, and may be classified into a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a coin type, a pouch type, and the like, Depending on the size, it can be divided into bulk type and thin film type.

Since the cathode 802 and the anode 804 have been described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

As the electrolyte, a thin film or a bulk material is used. In the actual apparatus, a solid inorganic electrolyte or an organic polymer electrolyte is used, whereas a liquid electrolyte is used for the experiment.

The electrolyte may comprise a lithium salt and a nonaqueous organic solvent.

Lithium salt is a substance that dissolves in an organic solvent and acts as a source of lithium ions in the battery to enable the operation of a basic lithium secondary battery and to promote the movement of lithium ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

LiPF6, LiBF4, LiSbF6, LiAsF6, LiClO4, LiCF3SO3, LiC4F9SO3, LiN (CF3SO2) 2, LiN (C2F5SO2) 2, LiAlO2, LiAlCl4, LiN (CpF2p + 1SO2) (CqF2q + 1SO2) q is a natural water), LiSO 3 CF 3, LiCl, LiI, lithium bisoxalate borate (lithium bisoxalate borate) and mixtures thereof may be selected from the group consisting of, but is not limited thereto.

The non-aqueous organic solvent acts as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move. As the non-aqueous organic solvent, a carbonate-based, ester-based, ether-based, ketone-based, alcohol-based, or aprotic solvent can be used.

The non-aqueous organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of one or more, and the mixing ratio in the case of mixing one or more may be appropriately adjusted according to the desired battery performance, which can be understood at the level of those skilled in the art. Detailed description will be omitted.

The separator 113 may exist between the positive electrode and the negative electrode according to the type of the lithium secondary battery. The separator 803 separates the negative electrode 802 and the positive electrode 804 and provides a movement path for lithium ions. As such a separator, any one commonly used in lithium batteries can be used. In particular, it is preferable that it is low resistance with respect to the ion migration of electrolyte, and is excellent in electrolyte-moisture capability. For example, polyethylene, polyester, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or two or more multilayer films thereof may be used, polyethylene / polypropylene two-layer separator, polyethylene / polypropylene / polyethylene three-layer separator, polypropylene / Of course, a mixed multilayer film such as polyethylene / polypropylene three-layer separator can be used.

Meanwhile, the shape of the lithium secondary battery illustrated in FIG. 8 is cylindrical, but this is only an embodiment, and in addition, the lithium secondary battery may have various shapes such as a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a coin type, a pouch type, or a sheet type.

As described above, the separator is disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate to form a battery structure. The battery structure is wound or folded, placed in a cylindrical battery case or a square battery case, and then injected with the organic electrolyte solution of the present invention to complete a lithium ion battery. In addition, by stacking the battery structure in a bi-cell structure, and then impregnated it in an organic electrolyte solution, the resultant is placed in a pouch and sealed to complete a lithium ion polymer battery.

Accordingly, the bonding area of the current collector and the active material layer in the electrode may be increased, and the bonding area of the electrode and the electrolyte in the battery may be increased, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery (for example, energy storage performance in a secondary battery). Can be.

In addition, there is an effect that the battery size can be minimized.

In addition, although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiment, the technical field to which the invention belongs without departing from the spirit of the invention claimed in the claims. Of course, various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art, and such modifications should not be understood from the technical spirit or the prospect of the present invention.

1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the structure of a current collector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2A is a vertical cross-sectional view illustrating an electrode structure using the current collector of FIG. 1.

2B is a view showing a cross section of an electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3A to 3D are views illustrating pore shapes according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

4 is a flowchart illustrating an electrode manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

5A to 7B are diagrams for describing an aerosol method according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

8 is a view showing the structure of a lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawing

100 electrode 110 current collector

120: electrode layer 10, 20: pores

50, 60: fixed body

Claims (9)

Current collector; An electrode layer; And And a plurality of pores provided in at least one of the current collector and the electrode layer. The method of claim 1, The plurality of pores are provided in the current collector, The electrode layer includes an electrode active material disposed in pores provided in the current collector, The porosity of the plurality of pores is increased in inverse proportion to the distance to the electrode layer. The method of claim 1, The electrode layer is formed on the surface of the current collector, The plurality of pores are provided in the electrode layer, The porosity of the plurality of pores is gradually increased in proportion to the distance from the surface of the current collector. The method of claim 1, At least one of the current collector and the electrode layer, Electrode is formed in an aerosol manner. A battery using the electrode of any one of claims 1 to 4 as at least one of a negative electrode and a positive electrode. Preparing a current collector; And Forming an electrode layer on the current collector; At least one of the current collector and the electrode layer comprises a plurality of pores. The method of claim 6, The plurality of pores are provided in the current collector, The electrode layer includes an electrode active material disposed in pores provided in the current collector, The porosity of the plurality of pores is increased in inverse proportion to the distance to the electrode layer. The method of claim 6, The electrode layer is formed on the surface of the current collector, The plurality of pores are provided in the electrode layer, The porosity of the plurality of pores is gradually increased in proportion to the distance from the surface of the current collector. The method of claim 6, At least one of the current collector and the electrode layer, Electrode manufacturing method characterized in that formed in the aerosol method.

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