KR20100108862A - Solar cell panel having by-pass unit - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A solar cell panel is provided to continuously produce power by minimizing the influence on the solar cell panel when any cell of a plurality of solar cells is broken. CONSTITUTION: A MOSFET switch(210) bypasses current flow to a battery cell. A power supply unit receives generated power and supplies the power to a bypass unit. A signal detector(230) detects the generation voltage of the solar cell connected one by one. A comparison and determination operating unit determines the driving of the MOSFET switch, an LED display(250), and a signal output unit. A signal output terminal transmits the operation signal to the outside when the electric cell of the bypass unit is broken.

Description

Solar panel with bypass unit {SOLAR CELL PANEL HAVING BY-PASS UNIT}

The present invention can be used in all fields of assembling and producing a solar panel with a solar cell, and further comprises a bypass unit connected in parallel to the cell, but formed by attaching a bypass circuit in parallel with the battery cell. Solar cell and solar panel assembly configuration and bypass circuit implementation.

In the construction of a solar generator, the cost portion of the solar panel is usually more than 60% and is the most important part. Photovoltaic power generation is a power generation method that converts sunlight directly into electricity. At its core is solar cells. These solar cells are connected in series and parallel as needed to make a structure that can withstand natural environment and external shock for a long time, the minimum unit is called a solar module. The module is installed in an array form according to the actual load.

At this time, the photovoltaic module is to use a large number of direct solar panels, a plurality of battery cells connected in series or in parallel to use a combination of the desired capacity. In addition, most solar panels are manufactured by combining a plurality of battery cells according to an assembly process determined according to the specifications of the orderer. Therefore, the assembled solar panel is unable to replace and replace the parts of the battery cell failure.

And the life of each of the battery cells constituting the solar panel is not the same. When each of the battery cell failure occurs, the power generation efficiency of the whole or the aggregate part including the failed cell is significantly reduced. In addition, heat generation of the faulty cell may be a cause of secondary failure of the entire panel.

Solar cells (photovoltaic cells) are a type of semiconductor device that converts light energy directly into electrical energy when exposed to sunlight. Recently, the term photovoltaic cell is used rather than solar cell.

Photovoltaic (PV) is a power generation method that converts solar energy of no limit and no pollution directly into electrical energy. Solar cells, solar modules, solar panels, solar arrays, power converters (PCS: Power) Conditioning System) and power storage device.

The photovoltaic power generation system is divided into a part (module) that receives light and converts it into electricity, and a part (PCS) that converts the produced electricity into alternating current and connects it to the system to meet demand.

Here, the minimum unit of the solar cell is called a cell, and since the voltage from one cell is usually about 0.5V, it is very small, so that a plurality of solar cells are connected in series and in parallel to the practical range of voltage depending on the range of use. The generator is packaged into one sheet to obtain output, which is usually called a PV module.

In addition, a solar cell array is a device in which several modules are installed in a frame or the like at a predetermined angle toward the south so that sunlight can be well scattered. Normally, the generated power of a solar cell array is a direct current output. In this case, when a load requires AC power, an inverter for converting direct current into alternating current is required.

In general, the advantages and disadvantages according to the connection method of the battery cells constituting the solar panel are as follows.

First, an advantage in series configuration is that the generated voltage can be made high, so that the inverter efficiency can be easily increased and the wiring can be easily configured. The disadvantage is that the insulation between the battery cells and the wiring must be maintained, and the variation range of the generated voltage according to the amount of light is large.

On the other hand, the advantage of the parallel configuration is that the current in the wiring is large, so that the separate wiring is necessary. It is advantageous for insulation between battery cells and wiring. The disadvantage is that it is not easy to increase the efficiency of the inverter because the generated voltage is low, and the variation range of the generated current according to the amount of light is large.

In the case of a series configuration, the battery cell has a short circuit (short circuit), and heat is generated due to resistance according to a short circuit condition. In the short circuit (insulation) system, the current of other battery cells does not flow in a single circuit. This invalidates the current generation of all cells.

 In the case of a parallel configuration, a short circuit (short circuit) generates a loop circuit for the generated current of battery cells connected to the same wire and generates a lot of heat. It will not affect the rest of the operation.

In the parallel configuration, the forward diode may be applied in a conventional manner. In the conventional solar panel, there is still a limitation in the forward diode coupling method used to ensure operational safety from partial failure of the battery cell.

However, the conventional method for solving the fault content in the serial configuration has been difficult, but in the present invention, by attaching a bypass unit in parallel with the battery cell and specifying the operating range of the bypass unit, automatic operation is performed when a fault occurs. By overcoming partial failure of the battery cell and maintaining the entire power generation operation to maximize the power production.

Due to the advantages and disadvantages of the respective battery cell connection methods, it is common to use a combination of a series method and a parallel method in order to optimize power conversion efficiency.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is to overcome the partial failure of the battery cell and to generate a total power generation by electrically bypassing the failed battery cell in a unit series configuration so that the operation of the remaining part can be maintained normally. Maintaining operation maximizes power generation.

In the present invention, a bypass circuit in parallel with the battery cell is a method for minimizing the overall operation effect of the solar panel and continuously producing power even when a battery cell failure of some of the plurality of solar cells constituting the solar panel is performed. To provide a form attached, and to provide an operation circuit for this.

In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems and to solve the object according to the present invention, the solar panel is composed of a plurality of battery cells, the configuration further comprises a bypass unit (by-pass) connected in parallel to the cell However, the bypass unit maintains a 1: 1 structure in accordance with the unit series structure, or installs two (A2-1) and (A2-2) units as one unit parallel structure, and the MOSFET switch (1). The capacity is configured to vary according to the current of the unit parallel structure.

In this case, a bypass unit connected in parallel to the cell may be further configured, wherein the bypass unit is a switch that is arranged and connected to the solar panel battery cell in parallel in a 1: 1 manner according to a failure determination of the battery cell. A MOSFET switch that bypasses the current flow to the battery cells by switching the switch, and receives the generated power from the aggregate output of the battery cells connected in series with the generated power of the battery cells connected in a 1: 1 manner, and converts the power into its own power supply of the bypass unit. The power supply unit has a power supply unit, a signal detection unit that detects the power generation voltage of the battery cell connected in a 1: 1 manner, and whether or not it is normal with a range of the voltage input from the signal detection unit to drive the LED and switch the MOSFET. A comparison / decision calculation unit which is an analog signal processing unit that determines driving of the display and signal output unit, and L having a signal received from the comparison / decision calculation unit LED display and signal processing unit for driving ED and sending a signal to the outside, an LED signal output terminal for transmitting an operation signal to the outside when an electric cell failure of the bypass unit is read, and a capacity of the MOSFET switch. And a self-diagnostic unit configured to self-diagnose and monitor and control a bypass of a battery cell due to a malfunction and a switch driver configured as a GATE driving circuit and a protection circuit according to an EN signal.

Here, the MOSFET switch is automatically restored after the repair of the panel, characterized in that to open the switch to drive the normal battery cell.

Here, the self-diagnostic unit monitors the inputs of S1, S2, and S3 to generate an output EN signal, determine the driving of the switch driver 8, and a separate self-diagnostic monitoring control unit to prevent malfunction of the bypass unit. Characterized in that it comprises a.

The bypass unit may further include a display portion LED for visually discriminating.

In addition, the attachment of the driving circuit constituting the bypass unit to the unit battery cell may be implemented in the form of an F-PCB or a single semiconductor chip.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to maximize the power production by maintaining the optimal power generation operation according to the attachment of the bypass device for overcoming the problems in the conventional forward diode application.

In addition, the present invention minimizes the effects of the entire operation of the solar panel even in the event of a failure of some of the plurality of solar cells constituting the solar panel, and by continuously producing electricity to increase the power generation output to increase profits This will have a big effect.

Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the bypass unit according to the present invention will be described in detail.

3 is an explanatory view of individual attachment of bypass units in a unit series structure according to the present invention, FIG. 4 is a circuit and terminal configuration diagram of each bypass unit according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a parallel structure and a series structure according to the present invention. Is an explanatory diagram of individual attachment of bypass units in the mixing method.

First, the attachment position of the bypass unit 200 in the most common series connection as the basic connection method of the solar cell 300 will be described.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, the bypass unit 200 is attached to the battery cells 300 in a 1: 1 ratio.

For convenience of description, the illustrated part shows a connection method of wiring when attaching the bypass unit 200 to any one of the solar cells 300.

In the circuit configuration according to the present invention, P stands for positive, a portion connected to the + direction of the bypass driving target battery cell, N stands for negative, a portion connected to the-direction of the bypass driving target battery cell, Pn represents the top battery cell + direction in which the battery cells are connected in series (output of the unit series cell set +), and N ₀ represents the top battery cell in the direction in which the battery cells are connected in series (the output of the unit series cell set). .

4 illustrates the internal structure of the bypass unit 200.

Herein, the LED indicates an operating state of the bypass unit 200, and the signal output (output signal) indicates that the bypass unit 200 drives the bypass unit 200 to the outside when the battery cell is determined to be a fault and drives sw1. Signal line output line showing status is explained.

Hereinafter, each circuit element constituting the bypass unit 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 4.

First, the identification number 210 denotes a MOSFET switch. The inputs are P, N, and the outputs are denoted by GATE DRV, where GATE DRV = MOSFET GATE. This is a switch that is placed and wired in parallel in a 1: 1 parallel connection with a solar panel battery cell. It is a main switch that bypasses the current flow to the battery cell by driving a switch according to the failure of the battery cell. The switch is opened to drive the normal battery cell.

Identification number 220 indicates the power supply unit's own power supply, input is P, Pn, N, N ₀ , output is DC, S ₃ , where DC = power supply output (DC), S ₃ = self-diagnosis signal Means output. This is a power supply device that receives the generated power from the collective output of the battery cells connected in series with the generated power of the corresponding battery cell 300 in a 1: 1 manner, and converts the generated power into its own power of the bypass unit 200.

In this case, the self-power consumption of the bypass unit 200 is very small, so the size of the power supply is also very small.

Since the size of the bypass unit 200 when manufacturing the solar panel 100 affects the manufacturing process and cost, the size of the bypass unit 200 should be made small and thin. And environmental characteristics are very important for the determination of the overall size of the bypass unit 200.

The identification number 230 denotes a signal detection unit which is a voltage detection unit of the battery cell 300, and the inputs are denoted by P, N, DC, and the outputs are denoted by OUT and S ₂ , where OUT = detected voltage output and S ₂ = self-diagnosis signal. Means output. This is a part for detecting the power generation voltage of the corresponding battery cell connected in a 1: 1 manner, and since the power generation voltage has a certain standard according to the type of battery cell, it is easy to detect the voltage.

The identification number 240 denotes a comparison / determination operation unit which is an analog signal processing unit, and the input is represented by V-DETECT, DC, and the output is represented by DRV, SIG, S ₁ , where DRV = fault discrimination output for driving the switch driver 280. , SIG = LED display and signal output unit 250 output, S ₁ = self-diagnosis signal output. This is to determine whether there is normal with the range of voltage input from the cell voltage detector, and to determine the driving of the MOSFET switch 210 and the LED display and the driving of the signal output unit 250. The failure is determined according to the characteristics of the battery cell. I have a standard.

Identification number 250 indicates an LED display and a signal output unit, which is a part for driving the LED with a signal from the comparison / determination operation unit 240, and sends a signal to the outside.

Identification number 260 denotes a signal output line, which is a configuration for transmitting an operation signal to the outside when the electric cell failure of the bypass unit is read. That is, the bypass unit 200 refers to a signal line output line that informs the driving state of the bypass unit 200 to the outside when the battery cell 300 is determined to be a failure and drives sw1.

Identification number 270 indicates a basic circuit configuration for indicating the state for the LED display, which is connected to the LED display and signal output unit 250 that is a display unit for the user to visually determine. Here, although not shown, it is preferable to install the LED at a position that the user can easily see on the outer side of the solar panel 100.

Identification number 280 represents a switch driver, the input is represented by DRV, EN, the output is GATE DRV, where EN = output of the self-diagnosis unit 290, SIG = LED display and signal output unit 250 Drive output, S ₁ = self-diagnosis signal output. This refers to a GATE driving circuit according to the capacitance of the MOSFET switch 210 and a protection circuit according to the EN signal.

Identification number 290 indicates the self-diagnosis part, input is S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , output is indicated by EN, where EN = self-diagnosis output, S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , = self-diagnosis signal Means input. This is a configuration for preventing the bypass of the battery cell due to the malfunction of the bypass unit cause another failure. Therefore, in any case, a separate self-diagnostic monitoring control is required to prevent malfunction. In this case, the inputs of S ₁ , S ₂ , and S ₃ are monitored to generate an output EN signal, and the driving of the switch driver 280 is determined.

Hereinafter, the attachment method of the bypass unit 200 will be described.

First, FIG. 3 illustrates a method for attaching bypass units 200 individually in a mixed manner of parallel and series structures. In this case, the 1: 1 structure may be maintained in accordance with the unit series structure.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5, it is possible to view the unit parallel structure as one and install two (A2-1) and (A2-2), and this embodiment is more preferable, and at this time, the MOSFET switch 210 The capacity changes according to the current of the unit parallel structure.

The attachment of the driving circuit constituting the bypass unit 200 having the above configuration to the unit battery cell may be implemented in the form of an F-PCB or a single semiconductor chip. This is a configuration that enables miniaturization and integration in the formation of each cell 300 constituting the solar panel 100.

Conventionally, the solar panel is manufactured and repaired in the event of a single cell failure due to the process and fabrication of a plurality of battery cells according to a predetermined voltage and current, and the laminating by covering the protective film at once after connection. Difficult and difficult to identify fault points.

In such a case, when the bypass unit is installed in the solar panel, the solar panel may be controlled by dimming the solar panel to generate a normal driving condition, thereby automatically determining a battery cell failure position by detecting a signal line of the bypass unit. Therefore, the location of the failure can be immediately known, and the time and cost of troubleshooting can be reduced.

In addition, when the power generation efficiency is reduced due to the failure of some battery cells of the solar panel, whether there is an abnormality in the power generation system is automatically determined. At this time, if the system controller can detect the number of automatic detection of the failure of the bypass unit, It can help automatic discrimination and normal operation.

Since the location of most solar power plants is installed and operated in the optimal conditions of the natural environment, it provides basic information of automatic computerization support information for the maintenance of solar panels and the operation of the automatic call center maintenance of solar panels. That is, it is possible to provide basic information of comprehensive computerization such as remote control monitoring and maintenance support.

As described above, although the present invention has been described by way of limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the technical idea of the present invention will be described by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Of course, various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of equivalents of the claims to be described.

1 is a configuration diagram of a conventional general solar power system

2 is a front view and a rear view of a conventional general solar panel

3 is an explanatory view of attaching bypass units individually in a unit series structure according to the present invention.

4 is a circuit and terminal configuration diagram of each bypass unit according to the present invention;

5 is an explanatory view of attaching bypass units individually in a mixing method of a parallel structure and a serial structure according to the present invention.

*** Description of the main parts of the drawing ***

100: solar panel 200: bypass unit

210: MOSFET switch 220: self power supply

230: signal detection unit 240: comparison determination operation unit

250: LED display and signal processing unit 260: signal output

270: LED 280: switch driver

290: self-diagnosis 300: cell

Claims (5)

In the solar panel composed of a plurality of battery cells (cell), Further configure a bypass unit connected in parallel to the cell, The bypass unit maintains a 1: 1 structure in accordance with the unit series structure, or views two unit parallel structures as one (A2-1) and two (A2-2), and the MOSFET switch (1) capacity The solar panel is configured to change in accordance with the current of the unit parallel structure The method of claim 1, The bypass unit, A switch arranged in a 1: 1 parallel to and connected to a solar panel battery cell, the MOSFET switch bypassing current flow to the battery cell by switching a switch according to a failure determination of the battery cell; A power supply unit power supply unit which receives power generation power from the aggregate output of the battery cells connected in series with the power generation power of the battery cells connected in a 1: 1 manner, and converts the generated power into self power of the bypass unit; A signal detector which detects a power generation voltage of the battery cell connected in a 1: 1 manner; A comparison / decision calculating unit which is an analog signal processing unit which determines whether there is a normal state with a voltage range input from the signal detecting unit and determines driving of the MOSFET switch, LED display, and driving of the signal output unit; An LED display and a signal processor for driving an LED with a signal received from the comparison / decision calculator and sending a signal to the outside; A signal output terminal for transmitting an operation signal to the outside when an electric cell failure of the bypass unit is read; A switch driver comprising a GATE driving circuit according to the capacitance of the MOSFET switch and a protection circuit according to an EN signal; And A solar panel comprising: a self-diagnosis unit for diagnosing and monitoring and controlling a bypass of a battery cell due to a malfunction 3. The method of claim 2, The MOSFET switch automatically recovers after repairing the panel, and opens the switch for driving the normal battery cell. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The self-diagnostic unit includes a separate self-diagnostic monitoring control unit for monitoring the inputs of S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , generating an output EN signal, determining driving of the switch driver, and preventing malfunction of the bypass unit. Solar panel The method of claim 4, wherein Attaching the driving circuit constituting the bypass unit to the unit battery cell is a solar panel, characterized in that implemented in the form of F-PCB or a single semiconductor chip

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