KR20100098768A - Method for manufacturing a panel - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing a panel Download PDF

Info

Publication number
KR20100098768A
KR20100098768A KR1020090017419A KR20090017419A KR20100098768A KR 20100098768 A KR20100098768 A KR 20100098768A KR 1020090017419 A KR1020090017419 A KR 1020090017419A KR 20090017419 A KR20090017419 A KR 20090017419A KR 20100098768 A KR20100098768 A KR 20100098768A
Authority
KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
paint
magnet
sheet
pattern
drying
Prior art date
Application number
KR1020090017419A
Other languages
Korean (ko)
Inventor
정병식
최칠식
Original Assignee
정병식
최칠식
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 정병식, 최칠식 filed Critical 정병식
Priority to KR1020090017419A priority Critical patent/KR20100098768A/en
Publication of KR20100098768A publication Critical patent/KR20100098768A/en

Links

Images

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44CPRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C3/00Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
    • B44C3/02Superimposing layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44CPRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B44C5/0415Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers containing metallic elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44CPRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B44C5/043Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers containing wooden elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44CPRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B44C5/0469Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers comprising a decorative sheet and a core formed by one or more resin impregnated sheets of paper

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The method of manufacturing a panel according to the present invention includes a magnet pattern forming step of fixing a magnet (magnet) on a substrate to have a predetermined pattern, and a metal, wood, leather, artificial leather, A sheet lamination step of laminating a sheet formed of any one material of cloth or paper, a coating step of applying a coating containing a magnetic substance on the sheet, and a coating containing a magnetic substance to the magnet's magnetic properties. And a paint patterning forming step of forming a predetermined pattern and a drying step of drying the sheet on which the paint is patterned. According to the present invention, the paint is naturally agglomerated to the magnet side due to the magnetism between the magnet and the magnetic body to form a specific pattern, and the boundary between the color and the color or the boundary between the shape and the shape on the specific pattern is changed to a different design. Can be provided to customers, increasing the design's competitiveness in the final product.

Description

Panel manufacturing method {Method for manufacturing a panel}

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a panel, and more particularly, to a method for manufacturing a panel used in home appliances or interior ornaments such as various refrigerators or air conditioners by forming various differentiated designs on a substrate.

In general, household appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioners are being used to improve living standards, and refrigerators function as food storage, and air conditioners are used to cool and cool the indoor air. Because of the development of the tendency to become almost the same.

As a result, home appliance producers are adopting designs that differentiate themselves from other products as part of marketing to customers, and consumers, as customers, are increasingly inclined to purchase home appliances that implement such differentiated designs.

However, home appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioners have limited functions, and therefore, design changes may be limited, and thus there is a problem in that design development may be difficult to differentiate.

Recently, various shapes are printed on refrigerator door panels or air conditioner body panels by silk printing to produce final home appliances. In order to print various shapes by silk printing, glass is reinforced by using reinforced or non-reinforced glass materials. Painting or three-dimensional printing on the back, wallpaper, leather, artificial leather laminated on the back is used.

Such silk printing or other printing techniques have the advantage of printing various shapes or patterns, but as a general technique, it is difficult to be recognized as a design that can be differentiated by customers or consumers in recent years.

Silk printing and other printing techniques also have limitations in that the boundaries of color and color or the boundaries of shapes and shapes are distinctly (nonlinearly) distinct, although the shape can be diversified, but the limits of expression are limited. I had to have.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a panel manufacturing method capable of forming a new shape or pattern by overcoming the limitation of existing monotonous power by using magnetism of a magnet.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a panel manufacturing method comprising: a magnet pattern forming step of fixing a magnet (magnet) on a substrate to have a predetermined pattern; A sheet laminating step of laminating a sheet formed of any one material of metal, wood, leather, artificial leather, cloth or paper on the patterned substrate of the magnet; A paint coating step of applying a paint containing a magnetic substance on the sheet; A paint patterning forming step in which the paint containing the magnetic material is formed with a predetermined pattern by the magnetism of the magnet; And a drying step of drying the sheet on which the paint is patterned.

In addition, the panel manufacturing method according to a second embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic pattern forming step of fixing the magnetic body to a predetermined pattern on the substrate; A sheet laminating step of laminating a sheet formed of any one material of metal, wood, leather, artificial leather, cloth or paper on the patterned substrate of the magnetic material; A paint coating step of applying a paint containing a magnet on the sheet; A paint patterning forming step in which the paint containing the magnet is formed with a predetermined pattern by interaction with the magnetic material; And a drying step of drying the sheet on which the paint is patterned.

As a result, a specific shape is formed on the panel according to the first and second embodiments described above. However, in the case of the conventional silk printing or other printing technology, the boundary between the color and the color must be clear (nonlinear). Change: nonlinear) There was a limit in providing different designs to the consumer, but according to the present invention, a specific pattern is formed by naturally agglomerating the paint to the magnet side by the magnetism between the magnet and the magnetic material, and the color or color boundary or shape on the specific pattern. The boundary between shapes is blurred (linear change) to provide customers with a different design, which can increase the competitiveness of the design in the final product.

On the other hand, the panel manufacturing method according to a third embodiment of the present invention, the coating material for applying a paint containing a magnetic material on a sheet formed of any one material of metal, wood, leather, artificial leather, cloth or paper step; A magnet pattern moving step of moving a magnet in a predetermined pattern under the sheet; A paint pattern forming step of forming a constant pattern of the paint by the magnet pattern moving step; And a drying step of drying the sheet on which the paint is patterned.

In addition, the panel manufacturing method according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coating material for applying a paint containing a magnet on a sheet formed of any one material of metal, wood, leather, artificial leather, cloth or paper step; A magnetic pattern moving step of moving the magnetic material in a predetermined pattern under the sheet; A paint pattern forming step of forming a constant pattern of the paint by the magnetic pattern moving step; And a drying step of drying the sheet on which the paint is patterned.

As a result, a specific shape is formed on the panel according to the third and fourth embodiments described above. However, in the case of the conventional silk printing or other printing technology, the boundary between the color and the color must be clear (nonlinear). Change: nonlinear) There was a limit in providing different designs to the consumer, but according to the present invention, a specific pattern is formed by naturally agglomerating the paint to the magnet side by the magnetism between the magnet and the magnetic material, and the color or color boundary or shape on the specific pattern. The boundary between shapes is blurred (linear change) to provide customers with a different design, which can increase the competitiveness of the design in the final product. In addition, in the first or second embodiment, the pattern of the magnet or the magnetic material, which is the basis for forming the pattern of the paint, is fixed. Therefore, in order to form another coating pattern, the pattern of the magnet or the magnetic material must be modified. In the present third and fourth embodiments, infinitely various paint patterns can be obtained by changing only the movement path without such work.

Here, in common to the first to fourth embodiments, the paint application step may include a shape printing step of printing a specific shape on the sheet; And a paint coating step of applying the paint on the sheet on which the shape is printed.

In addition, the paint coating step, which is common to the first to fourth embodiments, includes: a paint coating step of applying the paint on the sheet; And a shape printing step of printing a specific shape on the sheet to which the paint is applied.

As a result, it is possible to form a new shape using magnetic, thereby increasing the design competitiveness, and using the existing silk printing, etc., there is an effect that can be expected to differentiate into another design.

In addition, the drying step is preferably heat drying or UV (ultraviolet) drying.

 Thereby, fixation on the glass panel of a coating material can be made effective and the life expectancy of a product can be improved.

According to the present invention described above, a specific shape is formed on the panel, and in the case of the conventional silk printing or other printing technology, the color and color boundary must be clear (nonlinear change). Although there was a limit to providing a different design to the present invention, according to the present invention, due to the magnetism between the magnet and the magnetic body, the paint naturally aggregates to the magnet side, and a specific pattern is formed, and the boundary between the color and the color or the shape and shape on the specific pattern is ambiguous. It can be processed linearly to provide customers with a different design, thus increasing the competitiveness of the design in the final product.

In addition, it is possible to form a new shape using the magnetic can not only increase the design competitiveness, but also can be expected to differentiate into another design using the existing silk printing.

In addition, if the movement path of the magnet or magnetic material is modified, infinitely various paint pattern effects can be obtained.

In addition, the coating material can be effectively and reliably fixed on the sheet, thereby increasing the life expectancy of the product.

Hereinafter, a panel manufacturing method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a view for explaining a first preferred embodiment of the present invention and Figure 5 is a flowchart of a panel manufacturing method according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

In the method of manufacturing a panel according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, a magnet 12 is fixedly positioned in a predetermined pattern on the substrate 11 (S11). ). In this case, a plurality of magnets 12 may be located on a plurality of substrates 11, or one magnet 12 formed to have a specific pattern shape may be located on the substrate 11. At this time, the magnet 12 is fixed so as not to move on the substrate 11 to prevent the movement by the interaction with the magnetic material contained in the paint or ink to be described later to maintain the specific pattern shape that is initially set.

Subsequently, the sheet 14 is laminated on the substrate 11 on which the magnet 12 is fixed (S12), and the paint is applied on the upper surface of the sheet 14 (S13).

In the embodiment of the present invention will be described in the concept including the ink and the like coating and spraying or printing the coating. In addition, while describing an embodiment of the present invention, the magnet refers to a magnet having a magnetism in itself, and the magnetic material refers to a material having a property of sticking to the magnet of the magnet without having a magnetism in itself.

Further, in the second to fourth embodiments described later as well as in the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sheet may be formed of any one material of metal, wood, artificial leather, leather, cloth and wallpaper. . This can give a unique texture or a new feel in the overall design, depending on the properties of each material.

The paint applied to the upper surface of the sheet 14 contains a magnetic component and has a property of sticking to the magnet by the magnetic force of the magnet 12. As a result, the paint is more distributed to the magnet side in response to the fixed pattern of the magnet, and becomes lighter as it moves away from the magnet, so that the boundary between the color and the color or the boundary between the shape and the shape is unclear (linear: linear). The coating layer 15 in which the pattern was formed is laminated | stacked.

Here, the pattern of the magnet and the pattern of the diagram are different, that is, the pattern of the magnet represents an arrangement in which the magnet is fixed, and the pattern of the paint refers to a pattern representing the shape distributed by the magnetism of the magnet.

In this case, when the magnet 12 is a permanent magnet, since the influence is continuously applied when the paint is applied, it is preferable to form a paint pattern after the paint is completely evenly applied to the sheet 14 by using the electromagnet.

Thereafter, the coating layer 15 having a specific pattern formed by the magnetic force of the magnet 12 is dried by the drying apparatus 16 to be fixed on the sheet 14 (S15). As a drying method, heat drying or UV drying is preferable.

Panels manufactured through such a process can secure design competitiveness by simply forming a blurry pattern of color and color or blurry patterns of shape and shape that cannot be formed by conventional printing methods.

On the other hand, in addition to the pattern using a magnet that can be differentiated, it is also possible to express a conventional silk printing or three-dimensional, as shown in Figures 3 and 4.

3 and 9 are diagrams for explaining the use of silk printing as an example of forming an existing shape, and containing a magnetic material on the silk print layer 17 after silk printing the specific shape on the sheet 14. After the coating is applied (S13 in Fig. 9), a specific pattern is formed by the magnetic force of the magnet 12 on the substrate 11. In other words, it is possible to secure design competitiveness by printing various shapes with existing silk printing on the ground and forming new patterns by expressing the distribution of paints by magnetic over a specific part or entire surface.

In addition, referring to Figures 4 and 10 will be described an example of applying a coating containing a magnet 12 and a magnetic material after expressing various shapes by silk printing to form an existing shape. That is, after the silk printing on the sheet 14, a coating material containing a magnetic material is applied on the silk printing layer 17 (S13 in Fig. 10) to form a new pattern by the distribution of the coating to secure design competitiveness Can be.

1 is a view for explaining a second preferred embodiment of the present invention and Figure 6 is a flow chart of a panel manufacturing method according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The panel manufacturing method according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention is similar to the first embodiment described above, but the difference from the first embodiment is that the magnet 12 is fixed on the substrate 11 in the first embodiment. Whereas a paint containing a magnetic body is applied on the sheet 14 to form a specific pattern, the second embodiment places the magnetic body 23 fixedly in a predetermined pattern on the substrate 21 and the magnet component in the paint. There is a difference that it contains.

That is, the first embodiment and the second embodiment have the same purpose and effect, but there is only a structural difference between whether the magnet is contained in the paint or fixed to the substrate.

In brief, the magnetic body 23 is fixed to the substrate 21 in a specific pattern (S21), and the sheet 24 is laminated on the substrate 21 (S22). If the coating on the sheet (S23), the coating on the sheet 24 is a specific paint pattern is formed by interaction with the magnetic material (S24). Thereafter, the paint layer 25 having the paint pattern formed thereon is dried by the drying apparatus 26 and fixed on the sheet 24.

As in the first embodiment described above, the silk print layer 27 may be formed before the paint is applied to represent various shapes, and although not shown, the paint may be applied and the silk print layer may be formed thereon. Do.

2 is a view for explaining a third preferred embodiment of the present invention and Figure 7 is a flowchart of a panel manufacturing method according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention.

In the method of manufacturing a panel according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention, unlike in the first embodiment, the lower magnet is not fixedly positioned on the substrate in a specific pattern but is fixed to the movable support 39 so that By moving in conjunction with the movement in a specific pattern to form a different shape from the fixed magnet.

That is, as shown in Figure 7, the coating material containing a magnetic material on the sheet 34 is applied (S31), while the magnet 32 supported by the moving support 39 in the lower portion of the sheet 34 is moved After influencing the magnetic material of the applied paint to form a specific paint pattern (S33), the paint layer 35 having the paint pattern formed thereon is dried by the drying apparatus 36 and fixed on the sheet 34.

As a result, in the first or second embodiment, the pattern of the magnet or the magnetic material, which is the basis for forming the pattern of the paint, is fixed. Therefore, in order to form another paint pattern, the pattern of the magnet or the magnetic material must be modified or In the third embodiment, it is possible to obtain an infinite variety of paint patterns by changing only the moving path of the moving support 39 without such work, and the moving path of the moving support 39 is preferably controlled by a computer.

In the third embodiment, it is also possible to form the silk print layer or to form the paint layer 35 on which the paint pattern is formed. Although not shown, after the paint layer 35 is formed, the silk print layer is formed thereon. It is also possible.

2 is a view for explaining a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention and FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a panel manufacturing method according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The panel manufacturing method according to the fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention has the same purpose and effect as the third embodiment, but in the third embodiment, the magnet 32 is fixed to the movable support 39 and the magnetic component is applied to the paint. In the fourth embodiment, the magnetic body 43 is fixed to the movable support 49, and the paint contains a magnet component.

Briefly, if the magnetic body 43 is fixed to the substrate in a specific pattern (S41) and the sheet 44 is laminated on the substrate (S42), a coating material containing a magnet component is applied onto the sheet 44 ( S43) The paint on the sheet 44 is formed with a specific paint pattern by interaction with the magnetic material (S44). Thereafter, the paint layer 45 having the paint pattern formed thereon is fixed by the drying apparatus 46 and fixed onto the sheet 44.

As mentioned above, although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and any person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains without departing from the claims. Various modifications and variations will be possible.

1 is a view for explaining the first and second preferred embodiments of the present invention,

2 is a view for explaining the second and third preferred embodiments of the present invention,

3 and 4 are views for explaining an example of adding silk printing to the present invention,

5 is a flowchart of a panel manufacturing method according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a flowchart of a panel manufacturing method according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention;

7 is a flowchart of a panel manufacturing method according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention;

8 is a flowchart of a panel manufacturing method according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention;

9 and 10 are flowcharts of a panel manufacturing method according to the examples shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

Description of the Related Art

11, 21: substrate 12, 22, 32, 42: magnet (magnet)

13, 23, 33, 43: magnetic body 14, 24, 34, 44: sheet

15, 25, 35, 45: coating layer 16, 26, 36, 46: drying device

17, 27, 37, 47: silk print layer

Claims (7)

A magnet pattern forming step of fixedly positioning a magnet (magnet) on a substrate to have a predetermined pattern; A sheet laminating step of laminating a sheet formed of any one material of metal, wood, leather, artificial leather, cloth or paper on the patterned substrate of the magnet; A paint coating step of applying a paint containing a magnetic substance on the sheet; A paint patterning forming step in which the paint containing the magnetic material is formed with a predetermined pattern by the magnetism of the magnet; And And a drying step of drying the sheet on which the paint is patterned. A magnetic pattern forming step of fixing the magnetic body on the substrate to have a predetermined pattern; A sheet laminating step of laminating a sheet formed of any one material of metal, wood, leather, artificial leather, cloth or paper on the patterned substrate of the magnetic material; A paint coating step of applying a paint containing a magnet on the sheet; A paint patterning forming step in which the paint containing the magnet is formed with a predetermined pattern by interaction with the magnetic material; And And a drying step of drying the sheet on which the paint is patterned. A paint coating step of applying a paint containing a magnetic material on a sheet formed of any one material of metal, wood, leather, artificial leather, cloth or paper; A magnet pattern moving step of moving a magnet in a predetermined pattern under the sheet; A paint pattern forming step of forming a constant pattern of the paint by the magnet pattern moving step; And And a drying step of drying the sheet on which the paint is patterned. A paint application step of applying a paint containing magnet on a sheet formed of any one material of metal, wood, leather, artificial leather, cloth or paper; A magnetic pattern moving step of moving the magnetic material in a predetermined pattern under the sheet; A paint pattern forming step of forming a constant pattern of the paint by the magnetic pattern moving step; And And a drying step of drying the sheet on which the paint is patterned. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, The paint coating step, A shape printing step of printing a specific shape on the sheet; And And a paint coating step of applying the paint on the sheet on which the shape is printed. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, The paint coating step, A paint coating step of applying the paint on the sheet; And And a shape printing step of printing a specific shape on the sheet to which the paint is applied. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, The drying step, Panel drying method characterized in that the heat drying or UV (ultraviolet) drying.
KR1020090017419A 2009-03-02 2009-03-02 Method for manufacturing a panel KR20100098768A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020090017419A KR20100098768A (en) 2009-03-02 2009-03-02 Method for manufacturing a panel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020090017419A KR20100098768A (en) 2009-03-02 2009-03-02 Method for manufacturing a panel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
KR20100098768A true KR20100098768A (en) 2010-09-10

Family

ID=43005399

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
KR1020090017419A KR20100098768A (en) 2009-03-02 2009-03-02 Method for manufacturing a panel

Country Status (1)

Country Link
KR (1) KR20100098768A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101881037B1 (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-07-23 (주)아이엠씨티 Method of pattern formation using magnetic ink and magnetic force
CN109917626A (en) * 2017-12-12 2019-06-21 株式会社爱睦悉缇 Utilize the pattern forming method and its fixture of magnetic ink and magnetic force

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101881037B1 (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-07-23 (주)아이엠씨티 Method of pattern formation using magnetic ink and magnetic force
CN109917626A (en) * 2017-12-12 2019-06-21 株式会社爱睦悉缇 Utilize the pattern forming method and its fixture of magnetic ink and magnetic force
CN109917626B (en) * 2017-12-12 2022-04-05 株式会社爱睦悉缇 Pattern forming method using magnetic ink and magnetic force and jig therefor

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103962292A (en) Painting equipment and technology of magnetic pigment
CN101460315A (en) An outcase of refrigerator and method for manufacturing the same
CN100503059C (en) Stereo paint spraying method
KR20100098768A (en) Method for manufacturing a panel
CN206154830U (en) Decorative film
KR100920944B1 (en) Method for manufacturing a panel
CN203888300U (en) Metal composite film and steel plate containing composite film
CN202764302U (en) Environment-friendly decorating film and film-coated metal plate
KR101552425B1 (en) Sheet for consumer goods
CN102137761A (en) Lacquer pattern production method, lacquer pattern formed by using the method, and lacquer pattern display method
CN105059039A (en) Exterior part structure with stereo suspended pattern and manufacturing method for exterior part structure
KR20070093823A (en) Tinted anti-fingerprint coating on 430 stainless steel for appliances
CN203919993U (en) Continous way magnetic ink printing device and stereo decoration film
ATE330713T1 (en) ARTICLE WITH A DROP-LIKE COATING AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
CN103144415B (en) Improved pattern and barcode steel plate production line integrated with spray coating and silk-screen printing functions
KR20100030927A (en) Manufacturing method of interior panel having solid pattern and interior panel
KR101608783B1 (en) Film Coated Member and Home Appliance having a Cabinet formed by the Film Coated Member
CN205686055U (en) A kind of glass surface decorating film
CN109016918A (en) A kind of production technology of metal veneer wood grain glue thermal transfer
TW200723337A (en) Manufacture method of electromagnetic interference layer for the plasma display panel
WO2019100453A1 (en) Flexible magnetic attraction type decorative sheet or roll and wall surface decoration construction method using same
CN203360916U (en) Naturally transparent water-based synthetic leather
KR101068982B1 (en) A Method for forming panel
CN109801570A (en) Timber veneer stealth display board, its preparation process and its application with form
CN211641673U (en) Personalized appearance decorative patch

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A201 Request for examination
E902 Notification of reason for refusal
E601 Decision to refuse application