KR20100086865A - Method for waste treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: a waste treatment method is provided to allow a user to process the large amount of waste by using an alternative fuel instead of coke. CONSTITUTION: A waste treatment method is comprised of the steps: mixing one alternative fuel selected from a refused plastic fuel, petrocoke, lump coal with waste; inputting the mixed material and heat it; cooling down the mixed material; and dividing the mixed material.

Description

Method for waste treatment

The present invention relates to a waste treatment method, and in particular, mixing at least one alternative fuel selected from solid fuel (RPF), petroleum coke, petroleum coke, and coal briquettes to form a mixture. And a step of preparing the melt by introducing the mixture into a melting furnace and heating, cooling the melt and separating the cooled melt.

Recently, due to the advancement of the industry and the improvement of living standards, various types of wastes are rapidly increasing, and attention has been focused on waste disposal methods. Wastes are classified into industrial wastes from which sources and items are identified and general wastes emitted from general households, but the composition and appearance difference between them is remarkable. While industrial waste is homogeneous in size, it is easy to manage, while household waste is inhomogeneous, so it is difficult to treat because it is highly variable, and its amount depends on the size of facilities and is widely distributed in Korea.

The effective treatment of wastes is firstly to reduce the amount of waste generated, secondly to recycle what has already been discharged, and thirdly to incinerate or landfill non-recyclable waste. In the case of domestic waste, the incineration rate is about 7.1% of the total emissions, and most of the waste is reclaimed, while in Japan, the incineration rate is 74%, which is very small compared to developed countries.

A variety of technologies are being developed as research to efficiently incinerate wastes continues at home and abroad. Incineration technologies can be classified into direct incineration and melt incineration. Direct incineration includes Stoker, Fluidized bed furnace, Rotary kiln, etc. Melt incineration includes Plasma system and Shaft furnace. type) and the like are known.

Among the treatment methods, the molten incineration method can remove the heavy metals contained in the incineration residues by stabilizing the slag, dioxins, furans and secondary pollutants are completely decomposed at high temperatures, and the residues after incineration are vitrified and stabilized. It is possible to develop incineration (bottom ash), and because the high temperature pyrolysis gas generated during incineration contains a large amount of heat, it can be recovered through a gas cleaning device and used as a fuel source. In each country, researches on molten incineration are actively underway from the direct incineration method.

Plasma incinerator of the melt incineration method is a method of treating the general waste and the designated waste at the same time, by using pyrothermal heat focusing power of ultra-high temperature to maintain the reactor at a high temperature of 1300 ℃ or more by melting the waste incineration. This method has the advantage of minimizing fast reaction speed, continuous operation and installation area, but it is difficult to increase the size of the facility, which limits the processing capacity and has a lot of power costs.

Due to the above-described problems, a shaft incinerator has been used, in which a facility can be enlarged, a processing capacity is relatively large, and a power ratio is relatively low using coke. The coke maintains the temperature of the reactor at a temperature of 1700 ° C. or more to completely decompose dioxins, furans, and the like, and to dissolve and reduce incombustible materials (porcelain, cocurrent, metal, etc.). However, the coke has a problem that the price fluctuation is severe, procurement is difficult to supply and supply is difficult.

One object of the present invention is to provide a method for economically treating waste by using alternative fuel that can replace coke.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a method of forming a mixture by mixing at least one alternative fuel selected from solid fuel (RPF), petroleum cokes, lump coal, and coal briquettes into a waste, the mixture is added to a melting furnace. Provided is a waste treatment method comprising the step of preparing a melt by adding and heating, cooling the melt and separating the cooled melt.

Preferably, the mixture may further comprise coke.

Preferably, the alternative fuel may be 40 to 60 kg based on 1 ton of waste content.

Preferably, the total content of the alternative fuel and coke may be 40 to 60 kg based on 1 ton of waste content.

Preferably, the method may further include homogenizing the waste or mixture.

As described above, according to the present invention, industrial waste and general waste can also be treated, and it is economical to use alternative fuel that can replace coke that is not procured smoothly.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

However, embodiments of the present invention may be modified in various other forms, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention are provided to more completely explain the present invention to those skilled in the art.

1 schematically shows a process for treating waste according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The present invention relates to a method of treating waste. The wastes are classified into household wastes and workplace wastes, depending on the source. The wastes other than workplace wastes are called household wastes, and those generated from workplaces such as factories and construction workplaces are called workplace wastes. The wastes prescribed by Presidential Decree are designated wastes as harmful substances that may pollute the surrounding environment, such as waste oil and waste acid.

The wastes can be transported and disposed of in waste pit (PIT) from each home or industry through a transport such as a crane. The waste may be domestic waste or workplace waste, respectively, or may be a mixture of household waste and workplace waste.

The wastes can preferably be homogenized via a crusher or grinder such as fork crane or the like. The homogenization allows the waste of different sizes or components to be pulverized and evenly mixed for easier mixing.

The homogenized and mixed waste measures the amount to be treated. The amount of alternative fuel is adjusted and mixed according to the measured amount.

Alternative fuels mixed with the waste may include Refused Plastic Fuel (RPF), Petro cokes, lump coal and coal briquettes. The alternative fuel may be used as one type of alternative fuel, or may be used by mixing one or more types of alternative fuel.

One of the alternative fuels, the Refused Plastic Fuel (RPF) is a product in which a flammable waste containing 60% or more of waste plastic is produced as a solid fuel, and its calorific value is 6000 to 8700 Kcal / kg. It can be equivalent to the measures for economic pollution and economic feasibility. In addition, the RPF is increasing in value as an alternative energy, such as no corrosion of the combustion mechanism by the combustion gas generated from the fuel during combustion and no need for a separate safety facility in the storage facility.

These RPFs are manufactured by sorting and separating combustible wastes generated from workplaces and household wastes, and then crushing, drying, compressing, dechlorination and additive injection, and forming processes.

The petroleum coke is also referred to as petroleum coke, and is a solid residue produced as a by-product when the heavy residue oil of crude oil is thermally decomposed by heating the heavy residue oil of crude oil to 500 to 600 ° C. by the delayed coker process or the like, and producing gas oil, kerosene and diesel oil. Also called coke.

The petroleum coke is prepared by violent pyrolysis of petroleum residue, specific gravity of about 0.9 ~ 1.1. The petroleum coke is a high calorific value of 8300 ~ 8700kcal / kg, the ash component is low, but the sulfur component is high as 5 to 7% by weight.

The lump coal is lumped coal and the calorific value is about 6,300 to 6,500 kW / kg, which is higher than the powdered coal, and according to the specifications, it is divided into lumps (15-40 mm), lumps (40-60 mm), and lumps (65 mm or more). Are classified.

The coal briquettes are also called briquettes and are obtained from bituminous coal. The coal briquettes collect about 5,000 kcal of high-calorie coal, and then separate the heavy liquid from the room, and recover the high-caloric coal of about 6,500 kcal or more. Then, powdered coal having a size of 5 mm or less among the recovered high calorie coal is manufactured into coal briquettes by using a top-down compression coal briquette maker.

The solid fuel, petroleum coke, coal and coal briquettes, as described above, can maintain a high temperature of the melting furnace by generating a calorific value that is equivalent to the calorific value of the coke at about 7100 kcal / kg or more. By maintaining the temperature of the melting furnace in this way it is possible to prevent the production of dioxin.

In addition, the solid fuel, petroleum coke, coal and coal briquettes have a price traded per kg is lower than the price of coke, the supply price is not fluctuate so that there is an advantage that can be stably supplied to treat waste.

Then, the coke may be mixed with the alternative fuel to treat the waste. The coke mixed with the alternative fuel is also called sea coal. The coke is greyish black and has a metallic sheen. Fixed carbon is the main component and contains some ash and volatile matter. Industrial analysis values are usually 80 to 94% fixed carbon, 6 to 18% ash, 0.5 to 2% volatile matter, and elemental analysis values are 80 to 92% carbon, 1 to 1.5% hydrogen, 0.5 to 0.9% nitrogen, and 0.4 to oxygen. 0.7%, sulfur 0.5-1%, ash 6-18%. The calorific value is 6,000-7,500kcal per kg and the ignition temperature is 400-600 ℃.

Alternative fuel or the above-described alternative fuel mixed with the coarse may be mixed by changing the amount or composition of the components according to the amount of waste. In particular, when the waste content is 1 ton, the alternative fuel is preferably mixed at about 40 to 60 kg. Similarly, even when coke is mixed with the alternative fuel, the total content of the alternative fuel and the coke is preferably about 40 to 60 kg based on 1 ton of waste content. When the content of the alternative fuel and coke mixed alternative fuel is less than 40 kg with respect to the amount of the waste, the temperature of the melting furnace is lowered, so that the waste treatment is not completed and a lot of harmful exhaust gas is generated. In addition, when the content of the alternative fuel and the coke mixed alternative fuel is more than 60kg, the waste is excessively pyrolyzed to cause excessive energy loss, so the above range is preferable.

The alternative fuel and coke is stored in a storage hopper, the amount of mixing is adjusted according to the amount of waste from the storage hopper. The emission setting for the content of coke and alternative fuel in the storage hopper can be adjusted by adjusting the vibration time and the sensitivity of the feeder as the discharge device in the storage hopper. The storage hopper may be preferably formed as a separate hopper to store the coke and the alternative fuel, respectively.

If there is a lot of waste to be treated, the amount of alternative fuel should be cut out too much. In addition, in the case of forming a separate hopper, it is possible to adjust the amount of cut out of the alternative fuel to be mixed. In addition, the storage hopper may be stored in the coke and alternative fuel, and discharged to the feeder to be transferred to the fixed hopper. In the dosing hopper, if the cutting amount is set to 5% of the weight of waste put into the melting incinerator per time, automatic control is performed so that the set amount is discharged by the feeder by the load cell of the dosing hopper.

The mixture of the extruded alternative fuel or coke and waste is introduced into a melting furnace and heated. The waste is melted, and the alternative fuel or coke has a complete combustion or incomplete combustion reaction as shown in the following formula (1).

C (s) + O ₂ → CO ₂ (g) + Q

CO ₂ (g) + C (s) → 2CO (g)

The alternative fuel or coke produces carbon dioxide when completely burned, and produces carbon monoxide when burned incompletely. The carbon dioxide produced again reacts with alternative fuel or coke to produce carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide reacts with the molten waste as shown in Chemical Formula 2 below.

Fe ₂ CO ₃ (or Fe ₃ O ₄ ) + CO → Fe (l) + CO ₂ (g), CO (g)

Ca, Si, Al, Mg + CO → CaO, SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , MgO

Due to the reaction of Chemical Formula 2, pure metal and slag in a molten state are produced.

The mixture containing the resulting metal and slag is discharged from the melting furnace and cooled with water to facilitate transport to the next process.

The cooled metal and slag separates the metal and slag through a charity. The separated metal may be recycled to various fields. In addition, the slag is a oxidized calcium, silicon, aluminum, magnesium, etc. that make up the mineral itself can be usefully used elsewhere, can be purified or separated through another process can be used in various fields.

Example 1

A vibrator was mounted on the feeder, and the vibration size and the vibration speed of the vibrator were different, respectively, so that the coke and the RPF were cut out by 50% by weight of the RPF and 50% by weight of the coke from the stored hopper. The coke-mixed RPF was mixed at approximately 55 kg per tonne waste input. The mixture was charged to a melting furnace, and an external air was blown into the melting furnace by operating a FAN mounted at the bottom of the melting furnace. The furnace was kept at 1700 ° C. and the waste was completely melted. The molten melt as described above was discharged from the melting furnace and cooled with water at room temperature. The cooling gave slag and iron, which was separated by charity.

Example 2

The vibrator was mounted on the feeder, and the vibration size and the vibration speed of the vibrator were different, so that the coke and the Petro coke were cut out from the hopper in which the coke and the Petro coke were respectively weighed 30 wt% and 70 wt% Petro coke. Petro coke mixed with the coke was mixed at a basis of about 55 kg per ton of waste input. The mixture was charged to a melting furnace, and an external air was blown into the melting furnace by operating a FAN mounted at the bottom of the melting furnace. The furnace interior was kept at 1700 ° C. and the waste was completely melted. The molten melt as described above was discharged from the melting furnace and cooled with water at room temperature. The cooling gave slag and iron, which was separated by charity.

Example 3

The vibrator was mounted on the feeder, and the vibration size and the vibration speed of the vibrator were changed so that the RPF was cut out from the stored hopper. The extruded RPF was mixed at about 55 kg per tonne of waste input. The mixture was charged to a melting furnace, and a fan mounted at the bottom of the melting furnace was operated to blow external air into the melting furnace. The furnace interior was kept at 1700 ° C. and the waste was completely melted. The molten melt as described above was discharged from the melting furnace and cooled with water at room temperature. The cooling gave slag and iron, which was separated by charity.

The present invention is not limited by the above-described embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but is intended to be limited only by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. something to do.

1 schematically shows a waste treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Claims (5)

Mixing at least one alternative fuel selected from solid fuel (RPF), petroleum cokes, coal, and coal briquettes into the waste to form a mixture; Injecting the mixture into a melting furnace and heating to prepare a melt; Cooling the melt; And Separating the cooled melt Waste treatment method comprising a. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixture further comprises coke. The method of claim 1, wherein the alternative fuel is characterized in that 40 to 60kg based on 1 ton of waste content. The method of claim 2, wherein the total content of the alternative fuel and coke is 40 to 60 kg based on 1 ton of waste content. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising homogenizing the waste or mixture.

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