KR20100065551A - Continuous thermophilic co-phase anaerobic digestion to single stage using livestock manure and organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A fermentation system of continuous high temperature single phase anaerobic is provided to use digestive fluid as compost or liquefied fertilizer, and to produce thermal energy and electricity by utilizing gas obtained from processing livestock excreta and organic waste. CONSTITUTION: A fermentation system of continuous high temperature single phase anaerobic comprises the following; a livestock excreta transfer pipe(1); a livestock excreta reservoir(2); an organic waste reservoir(4); an organic compound mixing reservoir(6) which uniformly mixes livestock excreta and organic waste; a multiple system transfer pipe transferring the mixed organic compound to a high temperature anaerobic fermentation tub; a desulfurizer(15) removing sulfur of biogas produced in the high temperature anaerobic fermentation tub; a dehumidifier(17) for eliminating water vapor of the desulfurized biogas; a cogeneration power device(19) for producing the electricity from the biogas in which methane is contained; a biogas boiler(21) using the biogas generated in a fermentor; a hot water tank(22) storing the warm water generated in the biogas boiler; a parallel warm water pipe for transferring the warm water saved in the hot water tank to the fermentor; a surplus gas flare for eliminating the surplus gas of the biogas generated from the anaerobic fermentation tub; a fermentation liquid reservoir(23); and a liquefied fertilizer tub(25) for using the saved fermentation liquid as liquid fertilizer.

Description

Continuous Thermophilic Co-Phase Anaerobic Digestion to Single Stage using livestock manure and organic waste}

The present invention is processed in a continuous wet high temperature single-phase anaerobic digestion system using livestock manure and organic waste (or vegetable residues), using the gas generated to produce thermal energy and electricity, and using the digestion liquid as a compost or liquid Relates to a device.

With the development of the industrial society, the generation of various waste water and wastes such as food waste, alcoholic waste, slaughterhouse waste, landfill waste, etc. is increasing. Among them, the high concentration of organic waste water and waste is very high pollution load, which requires urgent treatment. Being In particular, most livestock wastewater is treated through refining, aerobic or anaerobic digestion, or composting and liquefaction facilities. Wastewater from livestock farms under unregulated livestock farms is treated in public wastewater treatment facilities.

In general, livestock manure is composed of high concentrations of organic matter, which, if discharged without separate treatment, will contaminate rivers and lakes. In particular, large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus cause eutrophication in the water system, making it impossible to use not only drinking water but also agricultural water.

On the other hand, if the livestock manure containing large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic components is properly processed by anaerobic digestion, it can contribute to environmental improvement because it can produce by-product fertilizer necessary for eco-friendly agriculture. In addition, since biogas is additionally produced, it is possible to secure environmentally friendly alternative energy. Pig manure out of domestic livestock manure is intensively avoided due to the development of pig breeding management technology, so the concentration of various pollutants is very high. Conventional livestock manure treatment methods have been mainly focused on aerobic digestion, which focuses on liquid corrosion, and high-speed anaerobic biological methods using anaerobic microorganisms. However, the aerobic treatment facility has a problem of enormous power cost and sludge treatment cost required for the treatment process, and the existing composting method has a high value of resources for reducing soils of the compost, but the cost of the sawdust and composting network for composting. Due to the difficulties of management due to the shortage of telecommunications, its application is gradually decreasing. In addition, the existing anaerobic digestion technology is used to reduce the concentration of high organic matters, and the biogas utilization technology generated during the digestion is incomplete, and is mainly used for heating the digester by a boiler. There is a disadvantage in that an external supply of power is required. Since 2005, food waste is directly buried. Most resources have been pretreated, and high concentrations of wastewater are generated by this pretreatment. Recently, however, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries is tightening marine discharge regulations of wastes and intends to prohibit them from 2012. Accordingly, it is required to introduce new treatment technology for food waste.

Conventional biogas equipment is a medium temperature fermentation (30-40 ℃) system, which has already been registered in Korea with patents "Integrated Digestion Treatment System of Food Waste and Livestock Manure" (Korean Patent 2002-0356966) and "Analysis of Livestock Manure" Biogas production equipment using fermentation (Korea Patent 2006-0743373), etc. This technology is a high-temperature fermentation (50-58 ℃) system that can process a large amount of organic matter at a time compared to mid-temperature and short fermentation period It is a facility (medium temperature: 30-60 days, high temperature 18-20 days), and it can be installed on a narrow site by using a single-phase digester system, which can be installed on a narrow site, and the cost of facilities is reduced. It is a facility technology with differentiation such as the generation of safe extinguishing fluid. Features include equipment such as submersible motor, mixing tank crushing device and automatic valve device, inlet pipe position of fermentation tank (top, middle, bottom) and 'T' shaped gas pipe that can dehumidify biogas. have.

According to the method and apparatus for producing biogas by continuous wet high temperature single phase anaerobic fermentation of the present invention, the fermentation period is short due to high temperature fermentation (50-58 ° C) (18-20 days) and the investment cost of the facility can be reduced and the fermentation efficiency is excellent. It produces a lot of high-quality gas and is hygienic by sterilizing most pathogenic microorganisms by high temperature fermentation, and it is possible to produce and supply safe liquid fertilizer by destroying seeds such as weeds. Digested liquid fertilizer is composed of ammonium nitrogen, which has good absorption and usability of crops, so that it is highly likely to replace chemical fertilizers and has a low odor effect.

Furthermore, it contributes to the prevention of global warming due to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and to the profits from the sale of carbon credits, and to the prevention of environmental pollution by processing livestock manure, organic waste (or residues), food waste and various industrial organic wastes. Produce alternative energy to provide electricity, gas, heating and hot water.

According to the method and apparatus for producing biogas by continuous wet high temperature single phase anaerobic fermentation of the present invention, the fermentation period is short due to high temperature fermentation (50 to 55 ° C.) (18 to 20 days), and the facility investment cost can be reduced and the fermentation efficiency is excellent. Therefore, it produces a lot of high-quality gas and sterilizes most pathogenic microorganisms by high temperature fermentation, so it is possible to produce and supply hygienic and safe liquid fertilizer.

Digested liquid fertilizer is composed of ammonium nitrogen, which has good absorption and usability of crops, so that it is highly likely to replace chemical fertilizers and has a low odor effect.

Furthermore, it contributes to the prevention of global warming due to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and to the profits from the sale of carbon credits, and to the prevention of environmental pollution by processing livestock manure, organic waste (or residues), food waste and various industrial organic wastes. Produce alternative energy to provide electricity, gas, heating and hot water.

As described above, the continuous wet high temperature single phase anaerobic fermentation system using livestock manure and organic waste (or vegetable residues) of the present invention is a high temperature fermentation (50-58 ° C) system, unlike conventional biogas equipment technology, a lot of organic The wastes can be treated in a short period of time (retention period: 18-20 days) and the high temperature treatment kills pathogenic microorganisms and pests, making it possible to produce compost and manure with safer digestive fluids. In addition, the single-stage digester is reduced in size than the existing two-phase digester has the advantage that the site is easy to secure and the installation cost is reduced. Additional technical features include organic sorting device with 5-10 degree inclination, submersible motor with mixing propeller of mixing tank, crushing device and automatic valve device of mixing tank, organic material inlet pipe position of fermentation tank (3 top, middle and bottom), It features facilities such as 'T' shaped gas pipe that can dehumidify biogas. The system of the present invention is expected not only to produce biogas and livestock compost through the treatment of livestock manure and vegetable waste (or residues), but also to reduce greenhouse gas, which is the main culprit of global warming, and to have a great ripple effect in managing green livestock.

The present invention is to ferment organic wastes such as livestock manure and organic wastes (or vegetable residues) in a continuous wet high temperature single phase anaerobic fermenter, thereby reducing the fermentation period and maximizing the production of biogas.

Technical configuration of the present invention to achieve the above object, the livestock manure storage tank (2) is stored in the livestock manure generated in the livestock farm; A transfer line (1) having a foreign matter sorter for transferring the livestock manure to a storage tank; A waste storage tank 4 for storing organic waste (or residues); A transfer line having a crusher 3 for crushing the waste; An organic material mixing tank 6 for homogeneously mixing the livestock wastes in the livestock waste storage tank 2 and the organic waste (or residues) in the waste storage tank 4; A line and a transfer pump 5 for transferring the livestock manure and organic waste (or residues) to the mixing tank; A line 10 and an inlet pump 9 configured in parallel for transferring the mixture of the mixing tank to the two fermentation tanks; A shredder (8) for adding homogeneity of the mixture when the mixture of the mixing tank is introduced into the fermentation tank; Anaerobic fermentation tank (11) for the high temperature anaerobic fermentation of the organic material transferred from the organic material mixing tank; A desulfurizer (15) for removing sulfur of biogas generated in the anaerobic fermentation tank (11); A gas line for transferring the biogas collection tank 16 for collecting the biogas generated in the desulfurizer and the biogas generated in the fermentation tank to the biogas collection tank 16; A cogeneration generator (19) for generating electricity using the biogas in which the biogas is collected; A biogas line equipped with a dehumidifier 17 for removing moisture immediately before the biogas collected in the biogas collecting tank 16 is introduced into a generator; A fermentation broth storage tank 23 in which the fermentation broth fermented in the fermentation vessel is discharged and stored; A discharge line and a discharge pump having a discharge valve for transferring the fermentation broth to a fermentation broth; A liquid bath 25 for liquefying the fermentation broth of the fermentation broth; A transfer line and a transfer pump having a transfer valve for transferring the fermentation broth of the liquid storage tank to the liquid storage tank; A biogas transfer line equipped with a valve for transferring the biogas generated in the fermentation tank to the biogas boiler 21; It comprises a hot water storage tank 22 connected to the biogas boiler for storing hot water for supplying hot water used to maintain the high temperature of the fermentation tank.

When explaining the embodiment of the continuous wet high temperature single-phase anaerobic digestion method through the biogas production apparatus of the present invention having such a configuration as follows.

First, the basic process of the biogas production method of the present invention is a step of collecting livestock manure and organic waste and fermentation in a high temperature wet anaerobic fermenter by mixing them, storage and utilization of biogas generated by the fermentation, in the fermenter The process is processed to use the resulting fermented digestive liquid as compost.

1, the livestock farm and the livestock manure storage tank are directly collected and stored in the livestock manure storage tank 2 by transporting or transporting through a line connected to the livestock farm or transporting them to a tank. When connected to the foreign matter sorter (1) that can remove the foreign matter is installed, the solid organic waste (or vegetable residues) and the like is transferred to the waste storage tank (4) through the primary mill (3).

The organic matters supplied to the manure storage tank 2 and the waste storage tank 4 are transferred to the organic material mixing tank 6 to perform a constant mixing, and the organic material mixing tank is a submersible motor equipped with a propeller to maintain a constant mixing. (7) Three groups are installed in the mixing tank to prevent precipitation of organic matter.

Subsequently, the organic material mixed at a constant mixing ratio is transferred to two wet high temperature single phase fermentation tanks 11 connected in parallel, and the fermentation is carried out. A secondary crusher 8 is installed for application, and the flow rate (m ³ / h) is adjustable to prevent temporary overload of the fermentation broth of the fermentation tank 11 when the organic matter is transferred from the mixing tank 6 to the fermentation tank 11. Use a pump (9).

The impeller (Impeller) type stirrer of the two fermenters is rotated at a speed of about 1 to 5 rpm to stir so that the fermentation material is not suspended or precipitated, and the biogas generated is raised and discharged through the biogas line. do. The temperature is kept high at 50-58 ° C.

The second fermentation tank 11 is to maintain the high temperature by using hot water in the hot water tank 22 connected to the biogas boiler 21 to suppress the occurrence of various bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc., fermentation It shortens the period and increases the amount of biogas generated. At this time, when the temperature inside the high temperature fermentation tank is 45 degrees or less or 55 degrees or more, it is most preferable to maintain the fermentation temperature therebetween because it may cause the inhibition of the activity of methane generating bacteria.

In addition, it is assumed that the two fermentors 11 have a pH measuring sensor 12 and a temperature measuring device 13 installed in the fermenter to check the fermentation state.

The biogas is generated by decomposing and fermenting harmful substances while remaining about 15-20 days according to the amount of fermentation materials in the two fermentors, and the remaining fermentation broth is produced by the potential energy of the fermentation broth through the discharge pipe in which the flowmeter 26 is installed. The fermentation broth is discharged to the reservoir 23, and a transfer pump is installed in advance.

The fermentation broth transferred to the fermentation broth storage tank 23 is transferred to a liquid fertilization tank 25 equipped with an aeration facility, and the liquid fertilization of the liquid fertilization tank is used as a fertilizer for manure fermentation (liquid fertilizer), which is a kind of by-product fertilizer. .

The biogas generated in the two fermentors is transferred to the biogas collecting device 16 through a biogas line equipped with a pressure valve 14 for maintaining a constant pressure.

At this time, the biogas is removed through the desulfurizer (15) sulfur, which may cause corrosion of the device among the components, the biogas line in the 'T' shape to remove the condensed water vapor contained in the biogas Form.

The biogas collected in the gas collecting tank 16 is a co-generation generator 19 for producing electricity, a biogas boiler 21 for supplying heat required for a facility such as a fermentation tank, and a gas separator for use as an industrial gas. Compressor 27, the biogas combustor (flare, Flare) 20 for processing the excess gas is transferred to and utilized.

The biogas collected in the gas collection tank 16 is a dehumidifier 17 for removing water during transport to the cogeneration generator 19 for electricity production, and a methane measuring device 18 for safe operation of the cogeneration generator. Passed through.

1 is a schematic view showing a continuous wet high temperature single phase anaerobic fermentation treatment apparatus.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the contaminant sorter of livestock wastes in FIG.

3 is a view showing a detailed configuration of the mixing tank in FIG.

4 is a schematic diagram showing in detail the transfer of organic matter from the mixing tank to the anaerobic fermentation tank in FIG.

5 is a view showing in detail the T-shaped biogas piping designed to show the dehumidification effect during the transfer of biogas generated in the anaerobic fermentation tank in FIG.

* Description of the main reference numerals

1: clutter removal sorter

2: livestock manure storage tank

3: crusher

4: waste storage tank

5-1: Livestock Manure Transfer Pump

5-2: Waste Transfer Pump

6: organic matter mixing tank

7: underwater motor with propeller

8: mixed organic crusher

9: mixed organic material transfer pump

10: anaerobic fermenter inflow parallel structure piping

11: high temperature anaerobic fermenter

12: temperature sensor

13: pH sensor

14: gas pressure valve

15: desulfurizer

16: biogas collection tank

17: dehumidifier

18: methane measuring device

19: cogeneration generator

20: surplus gas flare

21: Biogas Boiler

22: hot water tank

23: fermentation broth storage tank

24: fermentation broth transfer pump

25: livizo

26: fermentation liquid transfer automatic valve

27: biogas compressor

Claims (6)

Livestock manure from the livestock farm is transported to the livestock manure storage tank; Livestock manure storage tank for storing livestock manure; A waste storage tank in which organic waste (or residues) are stored; An organic material mixing tank for uniformly mixing the livestock waste and organic waste (or residues); A parallel transfer pipe through which the mixed organic material of the mixing tank is transferred to two high temperature anaerobic fermentation tanks; Two high temperature anaerobic fermenters for biogas generation of organic matter; A desulfurizer for removing sulfur of biogas produced in a high temperature anaerobic fermenter; A dehumidifier for removing an underwater group of desulfurized biogas; A cogeneration generator for generating electricity from biogas containing methane; A biogas boiler for supplying hot water using the biogas generated in the fermentation tank; Hot water tank for storing hot water generated from the biogas boiler; Parallel hot water pipes for transferring hot water stored in the hot water tank to hot fermentation (50-58 ° C.) to the fermenter; Surplus gas flares for removing surplus gas of biogas generated in the anaerobic fermenter; Fermentation broth storage tank for storing the fermentation broth generated in the fermentation tank; Characterized in that it consists of a liquid fertilizer tank for using the fermentation broth stored in the fermentation broth as liquid fertilizer (Fig. 1). The invention according to claim 2, wherein the livestock manure generated in the livestock farm is a sorting device for removing foreign substances during transport to the livestock manure storage tank (Fig. 2); The sorter is a concrete structure (Fig. 2-a) to form a slant angle of 5 to 10 degrees to facilitate the flow of livestock manure and a total of four wire mesh holes (Fig. 2-b) 50 mm, 20 mm, It is characterized by being configured in steps of 10 mm, 5 mm. The invention according to claim 3, wherein the circular organic material mixing tank is additionally included with three underwater motors equipped with propellers (Fig. 3). The invention according to claim 4, wherein the organic matter in the organic matter mixing tank comprises a crusher equipped with a high speed blade in the transfer process to the high temperature anaerobic fermentation tank; In order to prevent the temporary leakage of organic matter is characterized in that it includes an Auto Valve (Auto Valve). According to the invention according to claim 5, wherein the two high temperature anaerobic fermentation tanks are configured in a parallel structure, in order to prevent the precipitation of the fermentation broth in the fermentation tank organic inlet pipes to the upper, middle, lower three It is characterized in that the inflow (Fig. 4). According to the invention according to claim 6, wherein the biogas transfer pipe generated in the high temperature anaerobic fermentation tank is characterized in that the gas pipe of the 'T' shape capable of dehumidifying the biogas (Fig. 5) .

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