KR20100034600A - The process of environment-friendly blossom thinner and its usage - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: An eco-friendly flower thinning agent which controls flowering period of a fruit tree is provided to minimize damage of chemical and ensure safety to insects such as bee. CONSTITUTION: A flower thinning agent for a fruit tree contains 15-20 w/v% of active ingredient of lime and loess and 80-85 w/v% of water. The flower thinning agent is treated to apple tree more than once. The flower thinning agent is treated to apple tree two or three times a day one day after flowering based on species of apple.

Description

Eco-friendly redener, its manufacturing method and its redemption method {The process of environment-friendly blossom thinner and its usage}

The present invention relates to a redener that drops the firewood (flowers) of the fruit tree to an appropriate level, and in particular, an eco-friendly that can drop the firewood (flowers) of the apple tree to an appropriate level without damaging the arson insects such as bees. The present invention relates to a thickening agent, a method for preparing the same, and a method for using the same.

In fruit trees such as pear trees and apple trees, when many flowers are attached to one room to make good fruit, the flowers are removed. This is called red flowers. Red and red fruits are considered to be an indispensable cultivation method for the improvement of fruit quality as well as to prevent the distance of fruit in the production of fruit, and proper redness can reduce the efforts of young fruit. However, the redevelopment requires a lot of labor, which is a factor deteriorating agricultural management due to the recent decline in agricultural labor and expensive labor costs.

Apples are the most widely grown crop among domestic fruit trees, and must be pollinated due to their incompatibility. The arson insects in the apple garden are mainly composed of bees, yellow bees, hoverfly, etc. (Hong et al., 1989, Lee et al., 2000, Ma, 1997, Woo et al., 1986a, 1986b). Quantitative or qualitative security is becoming a prerequisite for stable fruit production.

Lime sulfur mixtures have been used in France in 1881 for the control of grape pests, and since they are inexpensive, have bactericidal and insecticidal properties, they have been widely used for the control of various fruit pests. Recently, some fruit trees have also been developed as a thickener (Jang et al., 1998a, 1998b), and their use in ships has been confirmed (Chang et al., 1998). However, it is known that adverse effects (dongrust phenomena) appear on the fruit depending on the treatment environment and the concentration of the drug used. Therefore, the development of lime sulfur mixtures for the redundancy is still insufficient. Especially in case of lime sulfur mixture manufactured by general farms, concentration and content are uneven and rusting of fruit occurs during processing. have.

The development of apple redeners is still in the research stage worldwide. Some plant growth hormones have been developed in foreign countries such as Sevin ™ (Sevin, Carbaryl, Eastern Nak, Eastern Hannong, Korea), etc., and research on ATS (ammonium thiosulfate) as a new drug is currently underway. (Fallahi and Chun, 2004). However, in the case of plant growth hormone, its use is gradually being limited due to the recent increase in demand for environmentally friendly cultivation. In addition, the insecticide Sebin, which causes serious damage to honey, which is important for the natural fertilization of apples, causes damage that prevents the modification of arson insects, and its use is currently being reduced. In the case of ATS, a recent study conducted in various countries showed that there is a risk of toxicity to bees.

As such, conventionally developed redeners such as plant growth hormone and sebin are not widely commercialized due to environmental problems and side effects, while the burden of redundancy and red fruits is gradually increasing due to the aging of fruit-growing farmers. The need for the development of more suitable agents is increasing.

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The present invention is to develop an environmentally friendly red medicine that can replace the red flowers that require a lot of labor when cultivating apples, especially by using lime sulfur mixture to drop the firewood (flower) of the apple tree to an appropriate level It is intended to provide an environment-friendly and safe preparation agent and a manufacturing method using the same and the same does not cause damage to the fire protection insects, such as bees and rust does not occur.

In the present invention, the reason why copper rust phenomenon appears in the general lime sulfur mixture used for sterilization and insecticidal purposes is judged to be in the nonuniformity of the concentration due to lime and sulfur not completely dissolved, and can be completely dissolved and become a uniform state. By reducing the total amount of lime and sulfur used and controlling the ratio of lime to sulfur, side effects are minimized and useful effects are maximized. In addition, the safety of the honeycomb prepared in this way to check the bee to be used as an eco-friendly accumulator.

In addition, in the present invention, it is determined that the side effects of the conventional lime sulfur mixture is also caused by the use of the electrodeposition agent generally used to help uniform spreading of the drug and to improve the adhesion and adhesion, and the eliminating agent that excludes the use of the electrodeposition agent and its It provides a manufacturing method, and an integration method using the same.

Specifically in the present invention,

It contains 15-20 w / v% of lime and sulfur, 80-85 w / v% of water, and 20-24 ° Be of Bome. The ratio of lime to sulfur is 1: 2 to 2: 1. When used, there is provided a thickening agent for fruit trees, which is diluted in water by 30 to 200 times.

In addition, in the present invention, there is provided an accumulation method of treating the accumulation agent at least once on the apple tree of the flowering period.

In addition, the fruit tree comprising the step of obtaining a lime sulfur mixture of Bomedo 20 ~ 24 ° Be by adding 15-20 w / v% of the active ingredient combined with lime and sulfur to 80-85 w / v% of water in the present invention Provided is a method of preparing a thickener.

Redener according to the present invention is excellent in the effect of the effect of the drug, such as copper rust hardly occurs, it is a safe and environmentally friendly redener that does not damage to bees, etc. through the multiple treatments on the flowering of apples to the desired degree of redness It can be effective. Using the redener of the present invention can reduce more than 30% of the effort and effort, and can produce high quality apples, which are environmentally safe, and can contribute to the income increase of the farm.

The reddening agent for fruit trees of the present invention contains 15-20 w / v% of active ingredient combined with lime and sulfur and 80-85 w / v% of water, and has a bome degree of 20-24 ° Be. The ratio of lime to sulfur This is 1: 2 to 2: 1, and is used diluted 30 to 200 times in water when used. Preferably the bome degree is 21-23 ° Be, the ratio of lime to sulfur is 1: 2 to 1: 1, does not contain an electrodeposition agent, and is used diluted 50 to 100 times in water when used. The compatibilizer of the present invention significantly lowered the amount of lime and sulfur included as compared to conventional lime sulfur mixtures used for conventional sterilization and insecticidal purposes, and also contains no electrodeposition agent. The accumulator of the present invention is secured to bees and is particularly suitable for apple trees, but is not limited thereto and may be applied to other fruit trees.

The additive of the present invention is a method comprising the step of obtaining a lime sulfur mixture of Bomedo 20 ~ 24 ° Be by adding 15 ~ 20 w / v% of the active ingredient combined with lime and sulfur to 80 ~ 85 w / v% of water Are manufactured. In the case of conventional lime sulfur mixture, 4 kg of lime and 10 kg of sulfur were mixed in 48 liters of water, and thus, the amount of lime and sulfur was much higher, and lime and sulfur were not dissolved in water, resulting in uneven concentration. In the present invention, the copper rust phenomenon is judged to occur due to this, using a much smaller amount of lime and sulfur to prepare a lime sulfur mixture of a uniform concentration. As can be seen from the following examples, the lime sulfur mixture for the reddenser prepared according to the present invention showed little copper rust phenomenon in the experiment for three years, and the sulfur content in the component analysis of the actual drug except for the precipitate. It was found to be higher than or equal to that of the conventional lime sulfur mixture, and also showed excellent reddening effect. In addition, in the case of the conventional lime sulfur mixture, the electrodeposition agent was used to increase the concentration of lime and sulfur, or was applied using an electrodeposition agent during the treatment. In the present invention, the use of such an electrodeposition agent causes side effects and is rather appropriate. It was judged to interfere with obtaining the effect of accumulation, and the use of the electrodeposition agent was excluded. As can be seen through the following examples, the lime sulfur mixture for the thickener of the present invention is treated with no electrodeposition agent at all to give a certain level of effect.

The additive of the present invention may be treated by spraying fruit trees at the time of flowering. Preferably, in the case of apple trees, the accumulating agent of the present invention is treated at least once in the flowering period. Since the compatibilizer of the present invention is treated without using an electrodeposition agent, it is preferable to multitreat for the sake of accumulation. Particularly preferably, in the case of varieties such as the egret that blooms a lot of flowers continuously, it is treated three or more times at intervals of 2 days after 1 day in full bloom, and in the case of Fuji-like varieties which are not continuously bloomed, 2 days after 1 day in full bloom 2 or more times.

In the present invention, the safety of the honey bee of the lime sulfur mixture developed as an accumulator is confirmed. Lime sulfur compounds have long been used to control agricultural pests, so the general safety is well known, but the effects on bees and major pollen-mediated insects are still unknown. However, during the flowering period of apple blossoms, bees fire the apple garden and play a role of pollen mediators. Therefore, bee safety must be secured first to be applied to apple trees as an environmentally friendly agent. In the present invention, the indoor toxicity of the lime sulfur mixture against bees among the orchard pollen- mediated insects was evaluated, and the safety of the lime sulfur mixture was evaluated through the pollen-mediated insect phase and density investigation before and after the lime sulfur mixture treatment in the actual outdoor packaging. As a result, the lime sulfur mixture developed as an accumulator in the present invention is less than 25% of the recommended mortality rate of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) even at two or five times the use of a 100 ° dilution of 22 ° Be. It has been found to be a low environmentally friendly agent.

EXAMPLE

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples, and those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains should be within the equivalent scope of the technical concept of the present invention and the claims to be described below. Of course, various modifications and variations are possible.

Example 1

Manufacture of lime sulfur mixture

The active sulfur lime maker used in farms was used to produce 31.3w / v% (31 ° Be) of lime sulfur and 20.8w / v% (25 ° Be) of weaker active ingredient and 16.7w / v% ( 22 ° Be) lime sulfur mixture was prepared. 31.3w / v% (31 ° Be) was used as a control in the concentration of common lime sulfur mixture produced in farms. Percent ratio and bomedo of the prepared lime sulfur mixture is shown in Table 1, and the results of analyzing the active ingredient is shown in Table 2. Bomedo was measured immediately after preparation, and the component analysis measured the actual lime sulfur mixture except for precipitation. In the case of 25 ° Be and 22 ° Be, although the ratio of lime and sulfur actually mixed is much smaller than that of 31 ° Be, the content of lime and sulfur was high in the component analysis. This is because it is in a uniform state.

Example 2

Lime Sulfur Treatment and Its Effect Analysis

1. 2005 Experiment

Three lime sulfur mixtures prepared in Example 1 were made into 100-fold and 200-fold liquids, respectively, and sprayed on the full bloom of apples. No treatment was used as a control, and the treatments consisted of six treatments: 31 ° Be 200-fold and 100-fold, 25 ° Be 200-fold and 100-fold, 22 ° Be 200-fold and 100-fold. In order to examine the redness and redness effect of the lime sulfur mixture, it was sprayed two days after the expiry date at Andong City Technology Center, and the reddening effect was investigated after the lime sulfur mixture was sprayed and fruit was formed. . In addition, the fruit quality of red flowers was harvested during the general harvesting seasons of Hongro and Fuji to investigate their quality.

The effect of the lime sulfur mixture treatment is shown in FIG. 1. Fuji showed the best effect in the 22 ° Be 100-drain treatment, while the other treatment showed little effect. In particular, in the case of erythema, there was some effect in the treatment of 22 ° Be 100-fold, but it was not acceptable for statistical significance.

Table 3 shows the results of analyzing the fruit quality of Fuji and Hongro according to the lime sulfur mixture treatment. After the lime sulfur mixture, hand fruit was carried out to maintain the proper fruit.

2. 2006 Experiment

The redness experiment in 2006 used only 22 ° Be 100 times the amount expected to be the most efficient based on the experimental results in 2005. Once, twice and three times, respectively, in full bloom (April 30) at two-day intervals The spray effect was investigated by spraying.

According to the effect of lime sulfur mixture treatment, the effect of purification was excellent in two or more treatments in the case of Hongro, and the effect was very high in the case of spraying three or more times in the case of liquefaction. Fuji also showed the same effect of reddening, but Fuji was not a cultivar that continued liquefaction compared to Hongro, so it showed sufficient reddening effect with two sprays. The effect of 'Hongro' is shown in Table 4 below, and the effect of 'Fuji' is shown in Table 5 below. The fruit quality according to the treatment of lime sulfur mixture did not find a big difference because the hand-washing of lime sulfur mixture was carried out. The fruit quality of 'Horo' according to the lime sulfur mixture treatment is shown in Table 6, and the fruit quality of 'Fuji' is shown in Table 7 below.

3. Experiment in 2007

Redness experiment in 2007 used 100 times and 50 times of 22 ° Be, and sprayed once, twice and three times at 2 days intervals around full bloom (April 30th) as in 2006. The effect was investigated. The effect of lime sulfur mixture on liquefaction and purification in Hongro and Fuji in 2007 was slightly different. The reddening effect was effective when sprayed twice or more on the basis of 100 times the hongro, especially the 50 times the stronger effect (Table 8). In the case of Fuji, the effect of centrifugation was slightly weaker in the 100-fold treatment of 22 ° Be, but was more effectively investigated in the case of liquefaction (Table 9). Table 8 shows the reddening effect of the yellowing furnace according to the treatment of lime sulfur mixture. In particular, in the case of centralization, the effect of redundancy was not significant at 50 times higher concentration. In the case of Fuji, copper rust did not occur, but in the case of Hongro, copper rust occurred (Tables 10 and 11). However, no statistical significance was found. The fruit quality of Fuji according to the treatment of lime sulfur mixture in 2007 is shown in Table 10, and the fruit quality of reddened fruit in Table 11.

In summary, the effect of lime sulfur mixture treatment showed that the reddening effect was excellent in two or more treatments in the case of erythroplasty, and the effect was very high when sprayed three or more times in liquefaction. The effect is stronger in. Fuji also showed the same effect of reddening, but Fuji was not a cultivar that continued liquefaction compared to Hongro, so it showed sufficient reddening effect with two sprays.

In the case of Fuji, the effect of centralization was slightly weaker in the 100-fold treatment of 22 ° Be, but it was investigated more effectively in the case of liquefaction. Effect.

In the case of Fuji, copper rust did not occur, but in the case of Hongro, copper rust occurred. However, no statistical significance was found.

Example 3

Toxicity Evaluation of Bees and Other Firebugs of Lime Sulfur Agents for Redispers

1. Indoor toxicity assessment

The lime-sulfur ratios of lime sulfur mixtures were varied to evaluate their applicability and toxicity to honey bees. The LSN was 8w / v% lime, 16w / v% sulfur, 76w / v% water, and 7w / v% lime, 10w / v% sulfur and 83w / v% water. The LSRL, and lime 5w / v%, sulfur 9w / v%, and water 86w / v% were used as LSRS. Dilution factor of lime sulfur mixture was treated 10, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 times. Toxicity was assessed indoors in beekeeping bees at Andong National Bee Farm. After the rumors of the beehive rumors were captured between 3 and 6 pm, between August and October 2005, they were allowed to acclimate to indoor conditions for about 1 hour, and then immersed in the diluted chemical solution for 5 seconds. After immersion, the specimens were isolated using a net (10 × 10 × 10 cm) in a 25 ° C. indoor dark room. When stored in the dark room, the prey was fed white sugar: honey mixed 1: 1. The mortality of the specimens was examined 3, 12 and 24 hours after treatment, and the mortality was judged only by mortality and survival. Three replicates were treated with 10 test insects per treatment.

2. Effect on Arson Insects in Apple Cider

The outdoor evaluation to apply the indoor test results to the field was carried out in apple orchards located in Dori, Hyunseo-myeon, Cheongsong-gun, Gyeongbuk, Korea, before and after flowering in May 2007. The target apple garden is a cultivated area of Fuji (M9 large tree), and is surrounded by wild mountains and apple gardens. In order to evaluate the effect of the lime sulfur mixture treatment, the fire insect density before and after the lime sulfur mixture treatment was conducted in parallel with the visual inspection and the trap irradiation. Lime sulfur mixture (22 ° Be) was diluted 100 times and treated with a power sprayer around apple blossoms in the apple orchard. Drug treatment was performed once each after sunset on May 5 and 7, 2007.

(1) Visual inspection of fire prevention insect density

The arson insect density survey was conducted on May 4, 2007 at 10 am and on 8th at 10 am. A roaming apple orchard was visually observed for 1 minute with insects arsoning on a bunch of flowers within the lord's plot per apple tree. A total of 50 repetitions of 10 flower bundles in each subsite were investigated. Arson insects were made at a level easily distinguishable by the naked eye. Visually investigated arson insects were divided into bee bees, bees, flies, butterflies and beetles. In the case of beekeeping bees, the behavioral patterns were divided into flight, nectar, and pollen. The meteorological conditions during the apple flowering period were taken from data from the Agricultural Meteorological Information System.

(2) Fire prevention insect investigation using trap

Traps and pan traps were used to trap arthropods in apple orchards. Cruciform traps were fabricated using a blue acrylic plate. The trap size was 60cm in total length and the diameter and depth of the trap were 15cm and 20cm, respectively. Accompanied traps (60x10 cm, diameter x depth) were blue, yellow, and white. They were installed at the four edges and the center of the orchard at a height of 1m above the apple tree and 5 repetitions. For each trap, 85% of water, 10% of sugar, and 5% of detergent were used. The trap was installed on May 2, 2007, and the traps were collected three times on May 4, 8, and 11 days. Fire extinguishing insects collected from the traps were identified after preparing dry specimens after preservation using 70% alcohol solution.

(3) data analysis

Toxicity evaluation of test insects by lime sulfur mixture showed mortality after converting dilution factor to ppm of active ingredient. The fire insect density, which was visually investigated before and after the lime sulfur treatment, was analyzed by t-test, and the insect insects captured by traps were averaged daily only for the major taxa, Flies, Flies, Logging, Bee Bees, and Beeshorn shears. Was analyzed by ANOVA (SAS Institute. 2002).

3. Results

(1) Indoor toxicity evaluation of lime sulfur mixture

Drug toxicity assessment for honeybees was determined to be safe if the mortality rate was less than 25% according to US Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. Figure 2 shows the bee toxicity of the three types of lime sulfur mixture in order of concentration. Mortality rates assessed at 3, 12 and 24 hours after treatment were highest, especially at 3 hours. This was relatively low in drug-treated mortality because untreated mortality was not observed in the three-hour treatment, but was higher in the 12-hour and 24-hour treatments. Of the three combinations, the LSN content of lime and sulfur was higher than that of the other combinations, resulting in nearly 100% mortality at high concentrations. Did not look. In addition, the death rate of bees in the concentration range of the accumulator of the present invention was less than 20%. Therefore, the treatment of the lime sulfur mixture as an accumulator according to the present invention was evaluated as safe for bees.

(2) Effect of Lime Sulfur Mixture on Arson Insects in Apple Cider

(A) Evaluation of the change of fire prevention insect density

Laboratory tests have evaluated that lime sulfur mixture is safe for bees, but this is the result of the exclusion of various outdoor environmental factors. The results of visual inspection of the density of the arson insects before and after the lime sulfur mixture treatment in the open air are shown in FIG. 3. The density of honeybees before treatment with lime sulfur mixture was 0.18 and 0.34 after treatment, and there was no statistically significant difference (t-test, df = 57, P = 0.018). Other species of Apdae were not visually examined before treatment, but had a density of 0.05 after treatment. Daily weather conditions during the survey did not differ significantly during the survey. From May 2 to 11, the daily average temperature was around 15.4 ℃, the relative humidity was 62.5%, and the daily average wind speed was 1.9m / s. Rainfall during the period was 42.3 mm on May 9 and 2.4 mm on May 10.

(B) Evaluation of arson insects using traps

Among the arson insects, the most important role in the pollination of apples is felling and fly insects. The average number of harvested insects caught in traps was 0.6, 1.1, and 5 per trap on May 4, 8, and 11, respectively, on May 11 after two treatments with lime sulfur mixture (ANOVA). , df = 2,57, P = 0.001). The most important group of flies, Flyaceae, was also captured the most on May 8 after treatment (ANOVA, df = 2,57, P = 0.001). Logging insects were 138, 185, and 160 on May 4, 8, and 11, respectively, and there was no difference in the harvesting days (ANOVA, df = 2,57, P = 0.325). The most trapped felling traps were bee bees, followed by hairhorn bees. In the case of bee bees, the average number of trapped in the traps on May 4, 8 and 11 was 6, 3, 6, and there was no statistical difference (ANOVA, df = 2,57, P = 0.329). There was no difference in hair collection time between before and after lime sulfur mixture treatment (ANOVA, df = 2,57, P = 0.643). A list of firebugs captured using traps is shown in Table 12. The number of arson insects arson in the apple garden was investigated. The daily number of arson insects collected was 168 on May 4, 154 on May 8, 154 on May 11, and 313 on May. Necks include logging, fly, beetle, stink wood, cicada and grass dragonfly. 7 families of felling trees, 14 families of flies, 14 families of coleoptera, 1 family of stink bugs, 2 families of cicada trees, and 2 families of cicada trees, 14 families of locusts and 14 families of coleoptera It became. The major species include bees from the bees and horned bees. In the coleoptera, there are ammonia and some apple round trees. In the stink bug, there is a little stink bug with the ground stink bug. Lepidoptera has not been identified, but it is believed that they are only part of the wintering and early allegorical butterfly activity (Lee et al., 2000). It is believed that various groups of insects were captured by the firebug trap and the sugar water used as the attractant. Lee et al. (2000) identified six trees, 27 families and 68 species as apple garden arthropod insects, and 174 species of 10 families and 29 species were harvested. Hong et al. (1989) identified orchard arthropods of 88 species in 5 genera 40 and 72 genera. Honors (1996) also identified 17 and 33 species of felling arboreal arthropods. In most cases of orchard arson insects, honeybees account for more than 50% and occupy an important position as pollinated insects (Hong et al., 1989, Lee et al., 2000, Wu et al., 1986). Figure 4 is the collection density of the main arson insects appeared in the investigation of arson insect collection using a trap in the apple garden in Cheongsong area in 2007.

(C) summary

As a result of evaluating the effect of lime sulfur mixture treatment on honey bees, which has been developed as an apple accumulator, most of the honeybee mortality was less than 20% at recommended concentrations and ambient concentrations. In addition, it was thought that there was no negative effect of lime sulfur mixture as a result of comparing the density of fire insects by the treatment of lime sulfur mixture in the apple garden with the fire insects trapped in the trap. The major felling insects showed no difference in pre and post-treatment capacities, and were higher in the fly family after the lime sulfur mixture. A total of 635 fire extinguisher insects caught in the traps were investigated.

The redener of the present invention is a safe and environmentally friendly redener, and in addition to apples, it can be particularly useful for fruit trees which are pollinated by fire insects such as bees, and can also be used for reddening in the field of flowers.

Figure 1 shows the effect of the "fuji" and "hongro" according to the production rate and dilution concentration of lime sulfur mixture.

Figure 2 shows the bee-corrected mortality (the black arrow is the recommended concentration) according to the elapsed time (3 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours) after treatment of three different concentrations of lime sulfur mixtures (LSN, LSRL, LSRS). It is shown.

Figure 3 shows the visual density change for honeybees and other species before and after the lime sulfur mixture treatment.

Figure 4 is the collection density of the main arson insects appeared in the investigation of arson insect collection using a trap in the apple garden in Cheongsong area in 2007.

Claims (5)

It contains 15-20 w / v% of lime and sulfur, 80-85 w / v% of water, and 20-24 ° Be of Bomedo, and the ratio of lime to sulfur is 1: 2 to 2: 1. Red fruit agent used in dilution 30 to 200 times in water when used. The apple of claim 1, wherein the bome degree is 21 to 23 ° Be, the ratio of lime to sulfur is 1: 2 to 1: 1, and does not include an electrodeposition agent, and is used by diluting 50 to 100 times with water. Enrichment for wood. An accumulation method in which the accumulation agent of claim 1 or 2 is treated at least once on an apple tree of a flowering period. The method according to claim 3, wherein the apple tree is treated with two or more intervals after two days of full bloom in the case of a red cultivar, and twice or more after two days after full bloom in the case of a Fuji variety. A method for producing an enrichment agent for fruit trees, comprising the step of obtaining 15 to 20 w / v% of the active ingredient combined with lime and sulfur to 80 to 85 w / v% of water to obtain a lime sulfur mixture of 20-24 ° Be.

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