KR20090048884A - Optimum method for cooling shafts in tall buildings to reduce the stack effect problems - Google Patents

Abstract

Minimize the temperature difference between the upper and lower shafts (especially the elevator shaft) inside the building to maximize the stacking effect reduction efficiency, while minimizing the stacking effect to reduce the noise caused by the introduction of the shaft outside air. We present the optimal shaft cooling method.

The present invention is to determine the occurrence characteristics of the stack effect and the heat introduction characteristics into the shaft in consideration of the size of the building and the architectural planning characteristics, and to calculate the appropriate amount of external air for cooling to the shaft and the proper amount of air discharged inside the shaft. After considering the distributed arrangement considering the distribution of heat flow into the shaft, the device design such as duct equipment is applied, and then the design proposal is applied to the relevant building and the building shaft is optimized to reduce the stack effect by adjusting the device through commissioning. Provide a cooling method.

High rise building, stack effect, shaft cooling

Description

Optimal method for cooling shafts in tall buildings to reduce the stack effect problems

The present invention relates to a method for reducing problems caused by the stack effect of a high-rise building. More particularly, the present invention relates to a distribution of heat and exhaust air in consideration of the distribution of heat flowing into a shaft of a building and the pressure distribution inside and outside the building caused by the stack effect. By minimizing the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the shaft through the optimal cooling method of the shaft of the building for reducing the stack effect to maximize the efficiency of stack effect.

In recent years, the generalization of buildings has become increasingly common, and various problems due to the stack effect have been seriously generated. Due to these problems, additional supplementary work is required after the construction of the building, resulting in additional costs.

Representative problems caused by the stack effect include malfunctions in various doors such as elevators and entrances, increase in heat source load and deterioration in residence due to infiltration and leakage, increase in vulnerability of disaster prevention, and spreading of pollution inside buildings.

The size of the stack effect is determined by the temperature difference inside and outside the building and the height of the building. As the temperature difference inside and outside the building increases and the building increases, the size of the stack effect and its problems increase.

In order to solve this problem, the registered patent No. 0731328 has been presented. The registered patent relates to "shaft cooling device and method of a building", and by introducing the outside air to cool the shaft inside the building (especially the elevator shaft) by reducing the temperature difference inside and outside the building and eventually reduce the size of the stack effect stack It suggests a method to reduce the intensity of problems caused by effects.

However, the patent proposes the installation of the minimum outside air inlet and the internal air outlet of the shaft, which are limited to the lower and upper portions of the shaft. It becomes impossible to cool, and eventually, the reduction efficiency of the stack effect becomes small.

Specifically, the temperature of the lower part of the shaft is drastically lowered by the introduction of intensive winter cold air through the local part of the lower part of the shaft, while the temperature of the upper part of the shaft is lowered by the circulation of the introduced outdoor air. In the process (that is, buoyancy increase of the air inside the shaft), the temperature of the outside air introduced by the amount of heat introduced into the shaft rises, so that a temperature difference inevitably occurs between the upper and lower shafts.

Therefore, the air temperature in the lower part of the shaft reaches the cooling target temperature before the air temperature in the upper part of the shaft by the concentrated introduction of the outside air, and when the air inlet volume is increased to lower the air temperature in the upper part of the shaft to the cooling target temperature, The temperature drops below the target cooling temperature, causing condensation inside the shaft.

Here, the target cooling temperature in the shaft is a dew point temperature set in consideration of the temperature and humidity of the air flowing from the room to prevent condensation inside the shaft.

As a result, it is possible to cool the entire shaft to the target cooling temperature only by minimizing the temperature difference between the upper and lower shafts, thereby maximizing the reduction effect of the stack effect.

In addition, when local intensive introduction of outdoor air is carried out, the wind speed of the introduced outdoor air increases to generate noise inside the shaft. In particular, when the outdoor air directly hits the elevator car, vibration problems of the elevator car may occur. Will be.

The present invention has been made to solve the conventional problems as described above, the object of the present invention is to distribute the air inlet and the air outlet inside the shaft installed on the shaft in consideration of the building size and stack effect generation characteristics It is to provide an optimal cooling method for the shaft of a building for reducing the stack effect that can maximize the stack effect reduction efficiency by minimizing the temperature difference between the upper and lower shafts.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an optimal cooling method for the shaft of a building for reducing the stack effect that can minimize the generation of noise due to the introduction of outside air by the dispersion of the introduced outdoor air.

Optimal cooling method of the shaft of the building for reducing the stack effect proposed by the present invention,

The first step of grasping the characteristics of stack effect and the heat introduction characteristics into the shaft in consideration of the size of the building and the architectural planning characteristics, and the cooling by considering the heat introduction characteristics into the shaft identified in the first stage The distribution arrangement is considered in consideration of the second step of calculating the proper external air input amount and the appropriate amount of air discharged inside the shaft, and the distribution of the amount of heat introduced into the shaft with respect to the appropriate external air input amount and the amount of cooling amount calculated in the second step. After the third step to perform the device design, such as the duct equipment for the distributed arrangement method determined in the third step, and the design plan created in the fourth step applied to the building, adjustment of the device through a trial run Provided is an optimal cooling method for the shaft of a building for reducing the effect of the stack comprising the fifth step.

According to the present invention, the optimal cooling method of a shaft for a building to reduce stack effect is to take into consideration the heat introduction characteristics and the stack effect generation characteristics into the shaft, and the air induction for the cooling of the shaft and the air discharge inside the shaft are carried out at various floors of the building. Since the temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the building shaft is minimized, it is possible to improve the performance of the stack effect of the building and to reduce the degree of problem caused by the stack effect.

In addition, since the air inlet is distributed in various floors of the building, the air supply wind speed can be reduced compared to the air supply through any part of the related art, thereby minimizing noise generation inside the shaft.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail step by step. In this embodiment, a case of cooling the elevator shaft of a building will be described as an example. And it is assumed that the core containing the elevator shaft is located in the center on the plane of the building.

1 is a view showing a distribution concept of the amount of heat flowing into the shaft in order to explain the shaft optimal cooling method of the building according to the invention, Figure 2 is a stack effect to explain the shaft optimal cooling method of the building according to the present invention The drawing shows the vertical installation concept of the air supply and exhaust duct using the absolute pressure distribution inside and outside the building. In addition, Figure 3 is a view showing a horizontal installation concept of the air supply and exhaust duct in order to explain the optimal cooling method of the shaft of the building according to the present invention.

<Step 1>

Simulation of the pressure distribution and air flow distribution inside and outside of the building is carried out using the design drawings of the building (the building to which the present invention is applied: the following building), and the elevator shaft (E / V Shaft) Calculate the total heat input and distribution inside. As a simulation tool, the related simulation program which is generally commercially available can be used. The simulation and the calculation of inflow calories are as follows.

① Perform the simulation using a network simulation program that calculates the pressure distribution and air flow distribution inside and outside the building by inputting the height of the building, the volume and temperature conditions of each zone (zone), and aiming the temperature condition for the shaft to be cooled. Set to cooling temperature. Here, the target cooling temperature corresponds to the dew point temperature for the room temperature and humidity conditions.

② Design temperature is used for the building's indoor temperature and weather data is used for the outside air temperature.

③ Calculate the amount of heat introduced by the air flowing into the shaft through the room, taking into account the air inflow into the shaft and the condition of the indoor air.

④ Calculate the amount of heat introduced into the shaft by heat transfer, taking into account the temperature inside the shaft and the room, and the material properties of the shaft compartment components.

⑤ Calculate the total heat input into the shaft by adding up each heat input from ③ and ④.

1 shows an overview of the distribution of inflow heat into the shaft during cooling of the shaft. Here, the inflow heat according to the temperature difference between the room and the shaft is expressed as the same in all the floors. This is to minimize the degree of error in the inflow calorie calculation under the optimum condition assuming that the cooling condition is optimally minimized.

The amount of heat introduced into the shaft may be classified into an amount of heat introduced by inflow air passing through the room and heat transfer due to a temperature difference between the room and the elevator shaft as illustrated in FIG. 1 and the description above. In general, since the heat input by heat transfer is higher than the heat input by inlet air, the heat input by heat transfer acts as a major influence factor in determining the amount of external air for cooling. However, the magnitude of the degree of influence may vary depending on the thermal insulation performance of the shaft section.

<Step 2>

Taking into account the total amount of heat introduced into the shaft calculated in the first step, the amount of outside air input for cooling the inside of the shaft to a target cooling temperature and the discharge of air inside the shaft are calculated. Here, the amount of outside air input and emission should always have the same value.

<Step 3>

The amount of outside air input and discharge calculated in the second step is distributed in consideration of the distribution of the amount of heat flowing into the shaft. In order to determine the distributed arrangement method, analysis using a commercial CFD simulation program (fluid analysis simulation program) is essential, and the temperature distribution inside the shaft for various conditions considering the location of each outside air inlet and the air outlet of the shaft Understand the condition to determine the conditions that minimize the temperature distribution.

It is important to note that the location of each outdoor air inlet and outlet and the amount of passing air will always have different values depending on the architectural planning characteristics of the building. The following is a summary of considerations when considering the distribution of outside air inlets and outlets.

① As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, it is basic to install a separate granular duct for each air supply / exhaust system, and the main outdoor air inlet position of the air inlet duct is located at the bottom of the outside of the building. The discharge location is installed at the top outside of the building.

It is also possible to directly connect the shaft and the outside air to the duct in each floor where the air supply and exhaust mechanism is installed without using the granular duct, but this method can act as an obstacle to the exterior design of the building. It is preferable to refrain from adjusting the amount of supply / exhaust air due to the influence of the wind. In addition, it may not be possible to secure an adequate supply and exhaust amount in the vicinity of the neutral zone of the building, and there is a limitation in determining an installation position in that the air supply port must be installed in the upper portion of the neutral zone under the neutral zone.

This problem can be solved by the use of the standing duct. In particular, in the case of general buildings, it is possible to secure an adequate aeration amount for each air supply and exhaust on the shaft section regardless of the position of the neutral zone. The advantage is that there are no constraints on positioning.

② The position of main air inlet duct of air supply duct is to be determined at the lower part of neutral stand outside the building which is over the absolute pressure range of shaft. This is because in this part, the absolute air pressure is larger than the absolute pressure for all parts inside the shaft, so that natural air supply due to the pressure difference is possible. However, in consideration of securing sufficient air supply air volume, it should be installed at the lowest part outside the building as much as possible (see Fig. 2).

③ For the same reasons as ②, the main discharge position of the air duct granular duct inside the shaft is determined at the upper part of the neutral zone outside the building, which falls below the absolute pressure range of the shaft (see Fig. 2).

④ Determine the position of the supply / exhaust system so that the vertical distance between the air supply port and the exhaust port on the shaft section is as constant as possible, and each section between the air supply port and the exhaust port which becomes the unit cooling section (for example, The distance between the exhaust ports, the distance between the second supply port and the exhaust port, etc. where the distance between each cooling unit is basically the same), and the supply / discharge distribution for each supply / exhaust system is determined in consideration of the incoming heat distribution. In this case, the size of the unit cooling section is determined by sufficiently separating the air supply port and the exhaust port so that the introduced outside air can be sufficiently diffused inside the shaft.

⑤ In addition, the gap between the exhaust port of the lower unit cooling section and the supply port of the upper unit cooling section is sufficiently separated so that a short circuit does not occur, but the separation distance is determined to be minimum (see Fig. 2).

⑥ When securing the air volume for the exhaust gas with a single granular duct as shown in FIG. 3, a horizontal branch may be necessary for sufficient diffusion in the shaft of the introduced outdoor air, and in particular, the branched air supply is located at Care must be taken not to hit the elevator car directly. Even when a plurality of standing ducts are installed because it is difficult to secure sufficient airflow with a single standing duct, the position of the air supply should not be directly hit by the elevator car in operation (see Fig. 3).

⑦ It is not necessary to install additional granular ducts for openings installed on the same floor by horizontal branching of granular ducts for the purpose of spreading the introduced outside air.

⑧ Insulation construction of air supply duct facility is essential to ensure optimum shaft cooling efficiency by external air introduction.

<Step 4>

In consideration of the indoor and outdoor pressure conditions and the ventilation air volume for the location of each supply / exhaust system determined in the third step, a device design such as duct equipment is performed in the building. At this time, damper and inverter fan are installed on the duct equipment to adjust the cooling and exhaust air volume according to the change of outdoor air condition. The control method of the device is carried out according to the registered patent No. 0731328.

That is, when the differential pressure and temperature data measured by measuring the differential pressure and temperature difference inside the shaft and outside of the building are transmitted to the controller, the damper and the temperature difference between the shaft and the outside air are out of a certain range compared to the preset value set by the controller. Inverter fan is driven to draw air into or out of the shaft.

<Step 5>

After the related facilities are implemented according to the design made in the fourth step, the device is adjusted through trial run. Here, the device adjustment means adjusting the outside air intake and discharge by grasping the error of inflow of heat into the shaft and the position of shaft neutral zone due to the difference between the design condition and the actual condition.

1 is a view showing a distribution concept of the heat flowing into the shaft in order to explain the optimal cooling method of the shaft of a building according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a view showing a vertical installation concept of the air supply and exhaust duct using the absolute pressure distribution inside and outside the building by the stack effect in order to explain the shaft cooling method of the building according to the present invention.

Figure 3 is a view showing a horizontal installation concept of the air supply and exhaust duct in order to explain the optimal cooling method of the shaft of the building according to the present invention.

Claims (5)

A first step of identifying the occurrence characteristics of stack effect and the heat introduction characteristics into the shaft in consideration of the size of the building and the architectural planning characteristics; A second step of calculating an appropriate amount of external air for cooling and an appropriate discharge amount of air in the shaft in consideration of the heat introduction characteristics into the shaft identified in the first step; A third step of considering a distribution arrangement in consideration of the distribution of the heat amount introduced into the shaft with respect to the appropriate amount of external air input and cooling amount calculated in the second step; A fourth step of designing a device such as a duct facility for the distributed arrangement method determined in the third step; A fifth step of performing device adjustment through a trial run after applying the design plan prepared in the fourth step; Optimal cooling method of the shaft of the building for reducing the stack effect comprising a. The method according to claim 1, In the first step, in order to minimize the calculation error of the heat input for the condition that the shaft is optimally cooled, the stack effect reduction is performed by setting the temperature condition of the entire shaft to the target cooling temperature. Cooling Method of Shaft for Buildings. The method according to claim 1, In the first step, in order to more effectively set the dispersion arrangement of the supply and cooling mechanism for shaft cooling, the amount of heat input by the air flowing into the shaft via the room and the heat transfer between the shaft and the room are determined by the total amount of heat flow into the shaft. Optimum cooling method for shafts in buildings for reducing stack effect, characterized by proceeding by identifying the inflow calorie distribution for each vertical section by dividing by inflow calories. The method according to claim 1, In the third step, preventing the action of obstacles in the exterior design of the building, preventing difficulty in controlling the exhaust air flow due to the external wind effect, securing sufficient ventilation air flow near the neutral zone, and restricting the installation position of the supply / exhaust mechanism according to the position of the neutral zone. Optimum cooling method for shafts in buildings for reducing stack effect, characterized in that separate granular ducts are provided for each supply / exhaust mechanism. The method according to claim 1, In the third step, in consideration of the absolute pressure of the shaft and the outside air in order to enable the installation of the cooling supply / exhaust mechanism for all the floors of the shaft compartment, the outside air inlet position of the granular duct for supplying air corresponds to a portion above the absolute pressure range of the shaft. It is installed at the lower part of the neutral stand outside the building, and the discharge position of the air duct granulation duct inside the shaft is installed at the upper part of the neutral stand outside the building which is below the absolute pressure range of the shaft. Cooling Method of Shaft for Buildings.

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