KR100798454B1 - How to reduce the stack effect problems quantitatively using revolving doors - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for reducing the problems of the stack effect quantitatively using a revolving door is provided to secure comparison performance for the stack effect by adjusting airtightness performance of a revolving door and regulating an installation site of a revolving door, thereby relieving and reducing the uneven distribution of pressure difference and the increase of air flux in a building. A method for reducing the problems of the stack effect quantitatively using a revolving door comprises the steps of: setting an installation site for a revolving door in a building and securing a space for installation; checking whether there are problems caused by the stack effect in a building or not and the degree of impacts of the stack effect; if there are problems caused by the stack effect, measuring the airtightness performance for an external wall and an internal partition of the building and securing the building performance data for setting the airtightness performance of a revolving door; measuring the degree of impacts of the stack effect to a target building and getting the target value for relieving and reducing the problems caused by the stack effect to use for setting the airtightness performance of a revolving door together with the secured building performance data; outputting the airtightness performance for the additional partition of a revolving door to meet the target value for reducing the stack effect to reduce work pressure gradient on each story of a building; outputting the airtightness performance for the additional partition of a revolving door to meet the target value for reducing the stack effect to reduce air flux on each story of a building; comparing the output airtightness performance values; if the comparative value is smaller than one of the output airtightness performance values, compensating the set airtightness performance on the remaining stories of a building on the basis of the equivalent leakage area per each value; manufacturing and selecting a revolving door having the required performance suitable to the finally set airtightness performance; and grasping comparison performance for the stack effect and making a fine adjustment for the airtightness performance of a revolving door.

Description

How to reduce the stack effect problems quantitatively using revolving doors}

1 is a view showing a process for reducing stack effect using a revolving door including preconditions to explain a method for reducing stack effect problems according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a view showing a basic concept for determining the installation position of the revolving door to explain the method of reducing the stack effect problem according to the present invention.

The present invention relates to a method for reducing problems caused by stack effect of high-rise buildings, and has a stack effect by partially quantitatively examining the application of a revolving door that has been used as a countermeasure against non-quantitative architectural planning. This is the method to maximize the reduction efficiency of the problem.

Specifically, through reviewing the airtight performance and installation position of the revolving door, the level of stack effect pressure difference, which is the main factor that causes stack effect problems, and the degree of air flow inside the building are based on the condition of the building without any measures. It is a method to quantitatively relax and reduce.

In recent years, new buildings are tending to be higher, and this phenomenon is expected to be generalized considering the efficient use of limited land.

In addition to the high rise of the building, various problems caused by the stack effect are becoming serious, and due to these problems, additional supplementary work is performed after the construction of the building, which incurs additional costs.

In a word, stack flow is the name of the air flow in the high-rise building in winter (air inflow from the bottom of the building → buoyancy rise through the vertical shaft → air flow through the building) is similar to the air flow in the chimney. to be.

As a criterion to judge the stack phenomenon, the pressure difference between the front and rear of the elevator door is currently set to 25 Pa or less, and 50 Pa or less for general doors.

Various problems can be caused by the stack effect, and typical examples thereof include malfunctions of various doors and elevators, problems caused by infiltration and leakage, increased vulnerability in disaster prevention, and discomfort caused by strong inflow of air. Diffusion of the smell of the bottom layer;

In order to reduce the problem of stack effect, the air flow should be reduced through proper dispersion of working pressure and increase of building airtightness. In particular, it is important to reduce the amount of air flow due to the stack effect for efficient cooling and heating planning since the increase of the air flow amount affects ventilation, air conditioning, and heating and cooling efficiency. In the present invention, by adding a revolving door compartment in which airtight performance is considered, a certain amount of air is adjusted based on the state before the countermeasure by adjusting the total air flow resistance (total substantial leakage area on the main air flow path) on the main air flow path in the building. It suggests a method to reduce the flow rate. In order to quantitatively reduce the amount of air flow, it is essential to apply a method in a state in which a neutral zone of a building is fixed. Patent application No. 10-2006-0038740 may be referred to the related art.

The patent application No. 10-2006-0038740 measures the pressure difference between the indoor shaft and the outside period when the pressure difference or temperature difference exceeds a predetermined level, the pressure difference with the outside air in the shaft, according to the measured pressure difference It is a technology that reduces the pressure difference between the shaft and the external period by cooling the shaft by directly circulating the outside air inside the shaft without changing the pressure distribution of the shaft by opening the opening formed in the lower portion at an appropriate ratio. .

The pressure difference generated by the stack effect is shared with each other according to the substantial leakage area ratio of the outer wall and the inner compartment. That is, relatively large pressures are applied to the compartments having a small leakage area (high airtight performance), and relatively small pressures are applied to a section having a large leakage area (low airtight performance). In the present invention, by considering the airtight performance of the above-mentioned revolving door additional compartment it is possible to reduce the pressure-sharing ratio acting on the part that is likely to cause problems by the pressure action. In other words, the additional revolving door compartment has a smaller relative leakage area ratio than the other compartments inside and outside, so it can share more pressure than other compartments, and the effect on the change of pressure sharing ratio of each compartment according to the change of airtight performance of the additional revolving door compartment. It also uses the fact that it is large. In other words, the additional revolving door is burdened by the action pressure reduced in other compartments, etc., the revolving door has the advantage that it can cope with the occurrence of problems caused by the pressure action. For the technical details of the pressure sharing ratio according to the equivalent leakage area ratio for each section, reference can be made to Patent No. 10-0659329.

Patent No. 10-0659329 discloses a stack effect reduction method that can secure stack performance by adjusting a planar distribution ratio of pressure by adjusting a leak area ratio between sections using an appropriate TID method.

Conventional stacking effect countermeasures, which focus on simply installing a revolving door and a windproof room for the entrance of the lobby floor or basement floor, or adding an interior compartment and improving the airtight performance of the interior door, are qualitative (non-quantitative). Since it is only a countermeasure, the improvement effect of the stack effect problem is extremely insignificant and the degree of improvement is uncertain. In some cases, secondary problems may also occur.

The present invention is a method for maximizing the improvement efficiency of the stack effect problem by quantifying the application of the revolving door, which is a conventional qualitative (non-quantitative) countermeasures devised to improve such problems with the prior art. In addition, the present invention is a method capable of simultaneously coping with the pressure difference imbalance distribution and the increase in the air flow, which is the main cause of the stack effect problem.

The present invention has been made in order to maximize the improvement effect of the stack effect problem for the application of the revolving door that was not within the qualitative and architectural planning measures, the object of the present invention is to adjust the airtight performance and installation position of the revolving door to cause the stack effect problem The present invention provides a method for reducing stack effect problems in high-rise buildings that can secure stack performance versus mitigating effects by mitigating and reducing pressure differential imbalance distribution and increasing air flow in buildings.

The method for reducing problems of quantitative stack effect of high-rise buildings using a revolving door proposed by the present invention,

A first step of determining an installation position of the revolving door in the building and securing a space for later installation;

After the completion of the first step, the second step of determining whether the problem caused by the stack effect in the building after completion of the building and the degree of occurrence;

A third step of securing building performance data for determining the airtight performance of the revolving door when the problem occurs due to the stack effect in the second step, by measuring / acquiring the airtight performance of the outer wall and the inner compartment of the building;

In order to use the building performance data obtained in the third step to determine the airtight performance of the revolving door, measuring the effect of stack effect in the target building to obtain the stack effect reduction target value necessary for mitigation and reduction of the stack effect problem. Step 4;

A fifth step of calculating the airtight performance of the additional revolving door to satisfy the stack effect reduction target value for reducing the working pressure difference in each floor of the building determined in the fourth step;

A sixth step of calculating the airtight performance of the additional revolving door so as to meet the stack effect reduction target value for reducing the air flow in each floor of the building determined in the fourth step;

A seventh step of comparing the airtight performance values calculated in the fifth and sixth steps;

If the comparison value in step 7 is smaller than the value in step 5 even if the value in step 5 is smaller than the value in step 6, the optimum value is selected after correcting the airtight performance selected in the remaining layers based on the corresponding leakage area for each of the smaller values. An eighth step;

A suitable element according to the airtight performance finally determined in the seventh and eighth steps

A ninth step of manufacturing, selecting, and applying (installing) a revolving door having a required performance;

A tenth step of performing fine adjustment on the airtight performance of the revolving door by determining the performance of the stack effect after applying the ninth step;

Provides a method for reducing quantitative stack effect problems using a revolving door comprising a.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail.

1 is a view showing a stack effect reduction method process using a revolving door including the preconditions to explain the method for reducing the stack effect problem according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a revolving door to explain the stack effect problem reduction method according to the present invention. The drawing shows the basic concept for determining the installation position of the.

In the present invention, the relationship between the equivalent leakage area ratio and the pressure sharing ratio between the compartments, and the existing results of the calculation of the overall equivalent leakage area on the air flow path are applied.

층 에서의 외벽의 TDC값(외벽의 압력분담율)을

라 하면, 그 값은 다음 계산식1과 같이 나타낼 수 있다.In the plane consisting of the outer wall and one inner compartment (vertical shaft compartment for the core)

TDC value (pressure sharing ratio of the outer wall) of the outer wall

In this case, the value can be expressed as Equation 1 below.

[Calculation 1]

here,

:

층에서 외벽에 걸리는 압력차, Pa

:

Pressure difference across the outer wall from the layer, Pa

:

층에서 샤프트 벽에 걸리는 압력차, Pa

:

Pressure difference across the shaft wall in the layer, Pa

:

층에서 외벽의 상당누기면적

:

Significant leakage area of the outer wall in the floor

:

층에서 샤프트 벽의 상당누기면적

:

Significant leakage area of shaft wall at floor

If there are several internal compartments, such as high-rise residential buildings, the pressure difference due to the stack effect is distributed according to the significant leakage area of the outer wall, internal compartment, and vertical shaft wall on the air flow path. As a result, Equation 1 may be expressed as Equation 2.

That is, the TDC of the outer wall when the inner wall is composed of n inner compartments including the outer wall and the vertical shaft wall,

[Calculation 2]

here,

:

층의 내부구획에 걸리는 압력차, Pa

:

Pressure difference across inner compartment of bed, Pa

:

층에서 수직샤프트 벽의 상당누기면적을 포함한 건물 내부구획의 상당누기면적

:

Significant leak area of the internal compartment of the building, including the equivalent leak area of the vertical shaft wall on the floor

 m = n-1

층에 있어서의 내부구획에 작용하는 압력분담율(내부구획의 TDC)은 상기 계산식 1과 계산식 2의 결과를 이용하면 다음과 같이 구할 수 있다.therefore

The pressure sharing ratio (TDC of the internal compartment) acting on the internal compartment in the bed can be calculated as follows using the results of the above formulas (1) and (2).

[Calculation 3]

TDC of internal compartment = 1-

At this time, in the case of having a plurality of internal compartments, it is calculated by repeatedly applying the methods of Equations 1 to 3 to assume the first internal compartment as another outer wall in order to obtain the TDC of each internal compartment.

의 산출식과 동일하다.Next, the calculation of the substantial opening area for the air flow rate and the full range on the main air flow path is as follows. Equation 5 below is calculated from Equation 2

It is the same as the formula of.

[Calculation 4]

here,

: 공기유동량, m³/h

= Air flow rate, m ³ / h

: 유량계수(일반적으로 0.6~0.7)

: Flow coefficient (typically 0.6 ~ 0.7)

: 개구면적(누기면적), cm²

: Opening area (leakage area), cm ²

: 상당개구면적(상당누기면적), cm²

: Significant opening area (equivalent leakage area), cm ²

: 중력가속도, 9.8m/s²

: Acceleration of gravity, 9.8m / s ²

: 공기의 비중량, kgf/m³

: Specific gravity of air, kgf / m ³

: 압력차, mmAq

: Pressure difference, mmAq

: 개구부 특성치(일반적으로 1~2)

: Opening characteristic (typically 1-2)

[Calculation 5]

here,

: 공기유동경로 상의 n번째 구획의 상당누기면적, cm²

: Equivalent leak area of the nth compartment on the air flow path, cm ²

The present invention is composed of a series of methods for determining the airtight performance and installation position of the revolving door additional compartment and the basic prerequisites to enable the application of the revolving door additional compartment.

The stack effect countermeasure process using a revolving door is shown in FIG. The countermeasures process consists of 10 steps including the above prerequisites, and each step will be described in detail below.

<Step 1>

As a prerequisite for the application of this process, the space required for compartments should be reserved for the additional installation of revolving doors on the main air flow path during the early stages of building planning. This countermeasure process does not need to be applied unconditionally at the planning point regardless of the building's performance. In other words, it is possible to decide whether to apply additional measures in the countermeasure according to the performance of the stack effect after the completion of the building. In addition, in order to secure the installation space of the revolving door, it is necessary to determine the installation position. The basic concept regarding the determination of the revolving door installation position is shown in FIG.

(How to determine the installation position of the specialist)

① As can be seen in Figure 2, the neutral zone of the building is formed at a portion where the total amount of outside air invading the building is equal to the total amount of indoor air flowing out of the building. In other words, whether the entire building or a single space is targeted, the total inflow air and the total outflow air will always have the same value.

② Considering the air flow in the building due to the stack effect, most of the air flowing in and out is through the vertical shaft part (core part). That is, the amount of inflow air and outflow air based on the core part can be regarded as the same, and by reducing the amount of inflow air and outflow air by a desired target value, it is possible to reduce the amount of air flow inside the building.

③ In this case, however, it is necessary to reduce both sides of the inflow and outflow air to the same amount at the same time. When only one of the air flow is reduced, the neutral zone is moved, so that the reduction efficiency as much as the desired target value cannot be obtained.

④ Actual building is vertically divided into floors, so there are many main air flow paths for inflow and outflow air based on core part. Therefore, in actual buildings, additional air flow passages should be installed on all these air flow paths to provide additional revolving doors for airtight performance. At this time, if the same amount of air flow reduction on all the air flow paths of each floor is the same, it is possible to minimize the requirement of additional revolving doors.

⑤ The location of additional revolving doors should be reviewed for all vertical shafts in the building. However, emergency vertical shafts, which are not frequently used, may be excluded from the scope of the installation through the installation of all rooms and improved airtight performance of the doors.

⑥ For areas where vertical shafts (specifically elevator doors) with different floor levels coexist, such as lobby floors and transit floors, it is necessary to set an air flow path that covers the interior and each vertical shaft. In particular, the lobby floor should be included in the location where additional revolving doors are installed, taking into account the air flow paths covering the outside and the interior. In the case of the transit floor, it is not possible to install additional revolving doors on the air flow paths covering the outside and the indoor spaces. As a result, the degree of air flow reduction for the air flow path between the room belonging to the transit floor and each vertical shaft may have a different value from that of the other floors, but the influence on the whole building is small (since the movement of the neutral zone is small). Can be ignored. For parts where only a single shaft is installed, set an air flow path that covers the outside and vertical shafts.

⑦ The airtight performance of the revolving door additional compartment is determined by the pressure differential imbalance distribution and the mitigation and reduction target values for the increase of the air flow in the building. The method is described in the following steps 5 to 8.

<Step 2>

After the completion of the building, it is determined whether the various stack effect problems occur and the degree of occurrence, and the application of the countermeasure process. For example, it is possible to determine whether the pressure difference before and after the elevator door is 25 Pa or less, and in the case of general doors, whether the pressure difference between the door and the door is 50 Pa or less, and if it is more than that, it can be determined that there is a possibility of a problem. You can see the occurrence of And the problem of stack effect can be judged through actual problem cases such as sense of wind speed inside the building (degree of discomfort), door malfunction, and door open / close failure. do.

〈Step 3〉

If the application of a countermeasure process is necessary, the airtight performance of the exterior walls and internal compartments of the building shall be measured and identified. Since the airtight performance measurement / detection can be made by using a measurement method and a measurement device that have already been generalized and commercialized in the art, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. The stack effect countermeasure process of the present invention can alleviate and reduce the airflow and pressure imbalance distribution inside the building by simply adding a revolving door section while maintaining the conditions of the building's exterior walls, interior compartments, and various existing openings. In fact, after the completion of the building, it is almost impossible to effectively reduce the stack effect problem by adjusting the airtight performance of the basic elements of the building.

〈Step 4〉

By measuring the degree of effect of stack effect in the target building (for example, the pressure difference acting on various doors and the passing wind speed, etc.), the degree needed to alleviate and reduce the problem of stack effect is determined based on the current building condition. . For reference, there is no reference value to determine whether the problem of stack effect problems at home and abroad, and the occurrence of stack effect problems depends on the characteristics of the building, which is in fact impossible. Therefore, the stack effect countermeasure process of the present invention is to determine the mitigation and reduction of the stack effect problem based on the current state of the target building. The reduction degree of the stack effect problem can be divided into the degree of reduction of the pressure difference based on the internal compartment where the pressure difference is largely acted on, and the degree of reduction of the air flow amount based on the portion of the large air flow rate (through air velocity).

<Step 5>

Next, a method of determining the airtight performance of the revolving door additional compartment to reduce the working pressure difference based on the internal compartment in which the pressure difference is large for each floor of the basement / lobby / reference floor will be described.

① Here, the internal compartment where the pressure difference is largely applied means that the pressure difference is greater than the standard value, and especially the section with the largest problem occurrence.

(2) Calculate the pressure sharing ratio (TDC) of the building exterior walls and internal compartments by referring to the airtight performance measurement result through the third step, the operation pressure measurement result for each section through the fourth step, and the equations 1 to 3.

③ Set the reduction target for the working pressure of the reference section and calculate the pressure sharing rate at that time. The calculated pressure sharing ratio becomes the pressure sharing ratio after the additional revolving door.

④ Calculate the pressure sharing ratio of the outer wall of the building and the remaining inner compartment after the additional revolving door. Since the rate-sharing rate of change of the existing compartments by the additional compartments all have the same value, the pressure-sharing rate of the pressure compartment of the reference compartment can be easily obtained.

⑤ Calculate the pressure sharing rate of the additional revolving door considering the changed pressure sharing rate for the existing compartment.

⑥ With reference to Equations 1 to 3, calculate the airtight performance (equivalent leakage area) of the additional revolving door that satisfies the pressure sharing ratio of each compartment.

〈Step 6〉

The following describes a method of determining the airtight performance of the revolving door additional compartment for reducing the air flow amount, which is performed based on the large portion of the air flow rate (passing air velocity) for each floor of the basement layer, lobby layer, and reference layer.

① Here, the part with large air flow rate (pass wind speed) means the part with high degree of discomfort caused by air flow (wind) inside the building.

② Set the reduction target for the air flow rate and the passing wind speed of the standard part.

(상당누기면적)를 제외한 나머지 항목이 고정된 상태에서 저감된

(공기유동량)를 만족하게 하는

를 산출하고, 계산식5 및 제3단계를 통한 기밀성능 측정결과를 이용하여 산출된

를 만족하게 하는 회전문 추가구획의 기밀성능(상당누기면적)을 산출한다.③ Refer to Equation 4 and Equation 5 to calculate the airtight performance of the additional revolving door. In Calculation 4

Except for (significant leakage area),

Satisfying (air flow)

Calculated by using the airtight performance measurement results through the formula 5 and the third step

Calculate the airtight performance (significant leakage area) of the additional revolving door that satisfies

<Stage 7>

The airtight performance of the revolving door additional compartment for reducing the working pressure is the airtight performance of the revolving door additional compartment for the reduction of the pressure difference among the airtight performances of the additional revolving door sections determined in the fifth and sixth steps for the basement, lobby, and reference floors. Check if it is less than performance.

<8 steps>

When the airtight performance of the revolving door additional compartment for reducing the working pressure difference is small in each of the basement / lobby / reference layers, the airtight performance selected in the remaining floors is based on the significant leakage area for each of them. Select the best value by adjusting / comparing. That is, this is to prevent the neutral zone from moving by equalizing the air flow in and out of the core portion as described in the first step, and the reduction degree equal to the air flow amount reduction degree of the layer to which the revolving door having the smallest leakage area is applied. This is to adjust the airtightness of the additional compartment of the revolving door to have a different level.

〈Step 9〉

For each floor of basement / lobby / reference floor, make and select revolving door with airtight performance suitable for the required function.

<10 steps>

Understand the performance of stack effect after applying revolving door and fine-tune the airtight performance of revolving door. Fine adjustment of the revolving door airtightness can be done by adjusting the windshield brush attached to the revolving door. In the case of simple revolving doors, it is effective to install a grill-type control mechanism that can control the substantial leakage area. Depending on the airtight performance of the revolving door determined by the stack countermeasure process of the present invention, a simple revolving door or a partition door may be manufactured, which can perform only a function as a simple resistance element on the main air flow path, rather than a ready revolving door.

As described above, the method of reducing the problem of stack effect according to the present invention quantitatively mitigates the pressure difference imbalance distribution and the increase in the air flow inside the building, which are the main causes of the stack effect, by installing additional revolving doors considering the installation position and airtight performance. And by reducing it can improve the performance of the stack effect of the building and reduce the degree of problem occurrence.

Claims (5)

A first step of determining an installation position of the revolving door in the building and securing a space for later installation; After the completion of the first step, the second step of determining whether the problem caused by the stack effect in the building after completion of the building and the degree of occurrence; A third step of securing building performance data for determining the airtight performance of the revolving door when the problem occurs due to the stack effect in the second step, by measuring / acquiring the airtight performance of the outer wall and the inner compartment of the building; In order to use the building performance data obtained in the third step to determine the airtight performance of the revolving door, measuring the effect of stack effect in the target building to obtain the stack effect reduction target value necessary for mitigation and reduction of the stack effect problem. Step 4; A fifth step of calculating the airtight performance of the additional revolving door to satisfy the stack effect reduction target value for reducing the working pressure difference in each floor of the building determined in the fourth step; A sixth step of calculating the airtight performance of the additional revolving door so as to meet the stack effect reduction target value for reducing the air flow in each floor of the building determined in the fourth step; A seventh step of comparing the airtight performance values calculated in the fifth and sixth steps; An eighth step of adjusting the airtight performance of the additional revolving door compartment using the values compared in the seventh step; A ninth step of manufacturing, selecting, and applying (installing) a revolving door having suitable performance in accordance with the airtight performance finally determined in the seventh and eighth steps; A tenth step of performing fine adjustment on the airtight performance of the revolving door by determining the performance of the stack effect after applying the ninth step; Method for reducing quantitative stack effect problems using a revolving door comprising a. The method according to claim 1, The first step determines the installation position of the revolving door while preventing the neutral zone from moving by adjusting the reduction rate of the air inflow amount and the air outflow amount on all the main air flow paths related to the vertical shaft based on all the vertical shafts of the building. Reduction method of quantitative stack effect problem using revolving door The method according to claim 1, In the fifth step, the method of reducing the quantitative stack effect problem using the revolving door to calculate the pressure sharing ratio (TDC) of each compartment and the airtight performance (approximate leakage area) of the additional revolving door according to the following equations (1) to (3). [Calculation 1]

In Formula 1,

:

Pressure difference across the outer wall from the layer, Pa

:

Pressure difference across the shaft wall in the layer, Pa

:

Significant leakage area of the outer wall in the floor

:

Significant leakage area of shaft wall at floor [Calculation 2]

In Formula 2,

:

Pressure difference across inner compartment of bed, Pa

:

Significant leak area of the internal compartment of the building, including the equivalent leak area of the vertical shaft wall on the floor  m = n-1

[Calculation 3] TDC of internal compartment = 1-

The method according to claim 1, The sixth step uses a revolving door that calculates the airtight performance (equivalent leakage area) of the substantial opening area for the entire range on the main air flow path satisfying the airflow reduction target and the additional revolving door according to the following equations (4) and (5). How to reduce quantitative stack effect problems. [Calculation 4]

In the formula 4,

= Air flow rate, m ³ / h

: Flow coefficient (typically 0.6 ~ 0.7)

: Opening area (leakage area), cm ²

: Significant opening area (equivalent leakage area), cm ²

: Acceleration of gravity, 9.8m / s ²

: Specific gravity of air, kgf / m ³

: Pressure difference, mmAq

: Opening characteristic (typically 1-2) [Calculation 5]

In Formula 5,

: Equivalent leak area of the nth compartment on the air flow path, cm ² The method according to claim 1, In the eighth step, in the seventh step, if the comparison value is smaller than the value of the fifth step even if the value of the sixth step is smaller than the value of the corresponding leakage area for each of the smaller values, the selected airtight performance of the remaining layers is corrected. A method for reducing the problem of quantitative stack effect using revolving door to select the optimal value.

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