KR20070110008A - Mite composition, use thereof, method for rearing a phytoseiid predatory mite, rearing system for rearing said phytoseiid predatory mite and methods for biological pest control on a crop - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a novel mite composition comprising a population of a phytoseiid predatory mite species and a factitious host population, which may be employed for rearirig caid pytoseiid predatory mite species or for releasing the p yrltoseiid predatory mite species in a crop. According to further aspects the invention relates to a method for rearing a pytoseiid predatory mite species, to the use of the mite composition and to a method for biological pest control in a crop, which employ the mite composition.

Description

Mites composition, use thereof, method of breeding predatory mites, methods of breeding predatory mites and biological pest control methods in crops PHYTOSEIID PREDATORY MITE AND METHODS FOR BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL ON A CROP}

A first aspect of the invention relates to a novel mite composition.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a novel breeding method of phytoseiid predatory mite.

A third aspect of the invention is a sugar mite ( Carpoglyphus ) which is an Astigmatid mite species for the breeding of predatory species lactis ; Carpoglyphus It relates to a new use as a host of artificial lactis).

Fourth and fifth aspects of the present invention relate to a novel breeding system for the breeding of predatory miter mite and its use for controlling crop pests.

Another further aspect of the invention relates to a method for controlling biological pests of a crop using the mite composition according to the invention.

In the following description and claims, the names of heretices refer to Moraes et al. (Moraes, G.J. et al., 2004) unless otherwise noted. An overview of the families and species mentioned is shown in FIG. 1.

The predatory mites are widely used for the biological control of spider mite and thrips in greenhouse crops. The most important caterpillar species in greenhouse crops are Western Flower Thrips ( Frankliniella occidentalis ) and Onion Thrips; Thrips tabaci ). These are the predatory mites Amblyseius cucumeris and Amblyseius barkeri (Hansen, LS and Geyti, J., 1985; Ramakers, PMJ, and van Lieburg, MJ, 1982); Ramakers, PMJ, 1989; [Sampson, C, 1998]; and [Jacobson, RJ, 1995]) and Iphiseius Zener to Esperance (Iphiseius degenerans ; (Ramakers, PMJ, and Voet, SJP, 1996). In the absence of predators, these species can be settled and maintained in crops that are continuously potted, such as sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. ). In crops where pollen is not freely available, for example cucumbers and most ornamental crops, these species cannot be used unless food is provided artificially. This can be done by spraying plant pollen on the crop.

Alternatively, a controlled release rearing system (see Sampson, C. (1998) or GB2393890) may be used for cucumber mites. Such restricted spinning breeding systems include compartments containing a food mixture consisting of bran, yeast and malt; Tyrophagus , a grain mite putrescentiae ) and a sachet containing a predatory mite, Oiriri mite community. The powdered mite long hair mite acts as an artificial host of the predatory mite community by forming an active community on the food mixture. Hanging sachets on crops using rings will result in a continuous spinning of predatory mites for a period of 4 to 6 weeks.

Since the population growth of cucumber mites is relatively weak in the presence of food, a large amount of predatory mites must be emitted to the crop for sufficient pest control. Cucumber mites can be economically grown in large quantities on powdered mite long hair mites, and long hair mites can be grown in sufficient quantities on the food mixture, making this problem economically feasible.

Tyflodromalus Lee monitor kusu (Typhlodromalus limonicus) and two feet Sage funny for, but a number of efficient predatory mites for thrips control with a higher predation rate and population-proliferative, such as Zener Lance, still inde species cucumbers come mites are the most common, which is a very large amount This is because it can be easily reared.

Iphisius Fragrance generator to the castor plant (Castor Bean Plants that continuously fed into the pots that allow the mites to grow into larger clusters; Ricinus communis L. Ephorbiaceae ). Epiphysius because of the large area and high investment required to grow the plants in the greenhouse Degenerance 's cost is much higher than that of cucumber. This high cost allows growers to only emit very small numbers, typically 1000-2000 predatory mites per hectare. Thus, Iphiseius The application of degenerans is that red peppers ( Capsicum) can provide enough pollen so that predatory mites can form enough colonies for pest control. annuum L. ). It may take several months for the Epiphyseus degenerans colony to have such a great power that it can have a significant impact on the control of the moth insect pests in crops.

Spotted mite ( Tetranychus urticae ) is successfully controlled by radiating predatory mites in greenhouses and open field crops around the world. The most important species is Phytoseiulus , the oldest mite commercially available for biological control. persimilis ; [Hussey, NW and Scopes, NEA, 1985] and Neoseiulus californicus ; Wei-Lan Ma and Lamg, JE, 1973). Amount of predatory mites in soybean plants in a greenhouse (kidney beans; Phaseolus vulgaris ) are densely-grown on spotted mites, their natural hosts. In addition, Castagnoli, M. and Simoni (S) are also known as Dermatophagoides, a house dust mite. A method of dense-breeding of California lice mites on farinae ) has been disclosed . However, house dust mites (American house dust mites and European house dust mites ( Dermatophagoides) pteronyssinus )) is a major allergen that causes allergic asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and dermatitis. Thus, there are drawbacks to using them in a limited radiation breeding system for spinning predatory mites on crops. Another drawback is that when house dust mites are used for dense-breeding purposes, intensive monitoring is necessary and, in some cases, the need to protect workers.

Several predatory mites that feed on whiteflies have been reported in the scientific literature (Teich, Y. 1966; Swirski, E. et al., 1967; Nomjkou, M. et al., 2001). Unfortunately, to date, there are no commercially available predatory mites for biological control of flours. Perhaps, despite the known predation of predatory mites on Garui, their utility as augmentative biological control agents for Garui is not recognized in the industry. In complementary biological control, biological agents are released to crops for the control of pests. More importantly, there are no economically dense-breeding systems in the industry for these predatory mites that could be potentially effective against floury, which has the ultimate importance in their utility as complementary biological control agents and has a large number of predators on crops. This is necessary to allow the mites to be radiated.

Instead of flour, which, greenhouse whitefly the right tree Alain Le Rum Rhodes Bay Fora Rio Enka against (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) Asia Formosa ( Encarsia formosa) and hwangon jombeol (with respect to the parasitic wasps such as Eretmocerus eremicus), tobacco is the Louis bemi other Asian Bridge (Bemisia tabaci) Sierre three-Tropez Russ It is controlled by spinning parasitic wasps such as the Eretmocerus mundus . Also, for example norinjae mark pyrrolo crispus Cali Saginaw Saskatchewan (Macrolophus caliginosus) and ladybird Dell Pas tooth of predator species, such as the Catalina (Delphastus catalinae) are densely-emitted is breeding. Breeding of all these parasites and predators requires the growth of plants and flour in greenhouses, which involve large investments.

Biological control of maize and other crop pests using predatory mites that can be economically bred on artificial host mites in the breeding media can be very advantageous because these breeding systems use only a limited area. In addition, in such systems breeding of predatory mites can be carried out in a controlled climate chamber. This eliminates the need for large investments in greenhouses and crops.

According to recent studies, thrips (onion thrips and flower thrips) and whitefly (the tree right Alessio Death Fora and Rio bay rum bemi Asia As a highly effective biological control of other Bassi) has highlighted the potential of the predatory mite and the Mediterranean Sea come mites (Amblyseius swirskii). ([Nomikou , M., Janssen, A., Schraag, R. and Sabelis, MW, 2001] [Messelink, G. & Steenpaal, S. 2003]; [Messelink, G. 2004]; [Messelink, G. & Steenpaal, S. 2004]; [Bolckmans, K. & Moerman, M. 2004]; [Messelink , G. & Pijnakker, J. 2004]) The mediterranean wolfworm showed very strong population growth against pests and plant pollen. This means that good biological control can be achieved with a very small number of mites compared to cucumber mites. According to one test, when radiating 1 mediterranean marrow per leaf of the yellow-yellow-leafworm larvae, the same level of control was achieved as when radiating 30 mallow mites per leaf. (Bolckmans, K. & Moerman, M. 2004])

In the prior art, the par ties to Ethiopia (Tyrophagus) genus, specifically ginteol flour mite, to Taipa Goose Trophy carcass (Tyrophagus tropicus), Thai par Goose Casey ( Tyrophagus casei ; Sampson, C., 1998; Jacobson, RJ, 1995; Bennison, JA and R. Jacobson, 1991; Karg et al., 1987; And GB293890), and oh KRAUS (Acarus) in, specifically, aka Ruth Siro (Acarus siro ; [Beglyarov et al., 1990] ) and Aka loose Paris (Acarus farris ; Hansen, LS and J. Geyti, 1985; (Ramakers, PMJ, and van Lieburg, MJ, 1982) are disclosed for the breeding of cucumber mite and trumpet mite with the help of artificial host mite species, all of which belong to the family Acaridae . Things.

The most common breeding host for cucumber mites is long hair mite. An important drawback of long hair mite is that it can cause plant damage to the leaves of young plants when it is present in the plant, for example when used as an artificial host in a slow radiation propagation sachet similar to that disclosed in [Sampson, C., 1998] or GB293890. Is there. This is especially the case during humid periods in cucumber crops, especially when it is engaged with low light densities.

In addition, Castagnoli (M.) et al. (Castagnoli, M. and S. Simom, 1999) and Oi ri m ([Castagnoli] on the house dust mite as an artificial breeding host , M., 1989). However, house dust mites (American house dust mites and European house dust mites) produce major allergens that cause allergic asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and dermatitis.

Thus, there is a need in the industry for an additional artificial host that can be used for dense breeding of beneficial mites, such as predatory mites, especially Mediterranean mites. Regarding the breeding of this predatory mite, the industry is concerned solely with the use of pollen (Messelink, G. & Pijnakker, J. 2004), and the lepidopterans rice moth ( Corcyra). cephalonica ) or efestia The use of eggs of Ephestia kuehniella is only disclosed in Romee, AHM et al., 2004.

Breeding on pots requires a large greenhouse area for the growth of plants, such as Ricinus communis , in order to obtain sufficient pollen, or from such things as outdoor parts ( Typha spp.) There is a need to collect suitable plant pots. Collecting plant pollen is very labor intensive and can only collect a limited amount. Plant pollen collected by bees is not suitable for breeding predatory mites.

Breeding of poultry eggs requires large investments in production equipment and is therefore expensive.

In view of the above, there is a need in the industry for alternative artificial host mites that can be used for densely-breeding of predatory miter mites.

It has been discovered that the Infant Mite species belonging to the Carpoglyphidae can be used as an artificial host in a very large number of predatory species.

Accordingly, a first aspect of the present invention come the predatory mite species and breed cluster, a car reportage glycidyl crispus (Carpoglyphus) genus, and preferably sugar mites (Carpoglyphus lactis ; (Melanne, 1758), mite: sugar mite family), comprising a mite composition comprising an artificial host community comprising one or more species selected from the family belonging to the sugar mite family.

Sugar mites, particularly predators of sugar mites, are predominantly oligophagous predatory species. The arachnoid predatory species is a predatory species that can use at least several different food species as its source of growth (growth and proliferation). As used herein, the term "nanotype predatory mite species" includes polyphagous mite species, which are predatory mites that can use a large number of food species as their source of growth. Thus, the word cannibalic predatory mite species should be understood to mean a non-monophagous predatory mite species.

Artificial host species inhabit habitats other than predatory miri mites, but are nevertheless suitable species for one or more stages of growth of predatory miri at one or more artificial host growth stages. Most importantly, it should be possible to grow and multiply when feeding artificial hosts by common sense, so that the population of the breeding community can increase.

Predatory here mites have a natural habitat on the plants of the pest organisms they eat (insects and mites). They can be separated from natural habitats as disclosed by Moraes et al. (2004).

Sugar mites are known as Hughes, A.M. (1977). One skilled in the art would be able to isolate certain species of this family from their natural habitat based on what is disclosed in the literature. Sugar mites are a globally distributed species that occur in a variety of stored organic substances. It is mainly found in honeycomb debris of dried fruits and bees, such as dried figs, plums, raisins, etc. ([Hughes, AM 1977]; [Chmielewski, W., 1971 (a)]; [Chmielewski, W., 1971 ( b)])

Therefore, the predatory mite is inhabited from sugar mites, so the composition according to the present invention provides a combination of new mites that do not appear in nature.

The composition according to the invention is not only suitable for the densely-breeding of predatory miter mites. It may be used as a biological crop protection agent because it also includes a mobile feeding stage of a predatory miri mite, or a growth stage that can develop into such a mobile growth stage.

In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises a carrier for the population individual. The carrier may be any solid material suitable for providing a carrier surface to an individual. The carrier preferably provides a porous media to exchange heat and metabolic gases produced by the mite community. Examples of suitable carriers are vegetable materials such as (wheatbran), buckwheat husks, rice husks, saw dust, corn cob grits and the like.

More preferably, a feed material suitable for the artificial host community is added to the composition. Alternatively, the carrier itself may comprise a suitable feeding material. Suitable feeding materials are described in Parkinson, C. L., 1992; Solomon, M.E. & Cunnington, A. M., 1963; Chimielewski, W, 1971a; It may be similar to that disclosed in Chmielewski, W, 1971b or GB2393890.

In a preferred embodiment of the composition, the predatory mire mite is selected from:

-For example, Amblisius Ander Sony (Amblyseius andersoni), Am assembly assay mouse switch le ski (Amblyseius swirskii ) or Am assembly assay mouse Largo N-Sys (Amblyseius largoensis ) Am assembly assay for mouse (Amblyseius) in, for example, Euseius Grandi kusu pin (Euseius finlandicus), Aust assay mouse Hibi ski (seius hibisci), Aust mouse assay Oval lease (Euseius ovalis), Aust assay mouse Victory N-Sys (Euseius victoriensis), Aust assay mouse styryl Foulard tooth (Euseius stipulatus), Aust mouse assay Surgical Tallis (Euseius scutalis), Aust assay mouse Tula alkylene sheath (Euseius tularensis ), Euseius Ahtto N-Sys (Euseius addoensis ) or Aust assay mouse sheet Lee (Euseius citri ) Aust for mouse assay (Euseius) in, for example, Neo Say Ulus Varga Kerry (Neoseiulus barkeri), Neo Say you Ulus California FORT Syracuse (Neoseiulus californicus), Neo Say Ulus Kyukyu Marys (Neoseiulus cucumeris), neo assay Oulu's ronggi spinosyns Versus (Neoseiulus longispinosus), Neo Say Ulus War slave-Mer (Neoseiulus womersleyi), Neo Say Ulus Mouse on a (Neoseiulus idaeus) or Neo Say Ulus Palazzo System (Neoseiulus fallacis ) For four Issey Ulus (Neoseiulus) in, for example, Tyflodromalus Lee monitor kusu (Typhlodromalus limonicus ) or Iple's photo to the other end of the load that Linus Ruth Ferrer (Typhlodromalus peregrinus), such as in the flow of the tie draw loose end (Typhlodromalus), e.g. Thailand loading platforms Lomi peuseu Montrose also Len system (Typhlodromips montdorensis ), etc. Am tie assembly, such as in assays or platforms loaded Rommie peuseu (Typhlodromips) (Ambyseiinae) subfamily;

For example galendromus Occidentalis ( Galendromus occidentalis) in Rend go, such as mousse (Galendromus) in, for example, draw tie flow mousse Charmander (Typhlodromus pyri), mousse to the other ripple load The Dore INC (Typhiodromus the doreenae) or tie Flo's free throw Arch Asa (Typhlodromus athiasae ) Thai Thai Flo Flo draw Mina, such as Moose Draw (Typhlodromus) in (Typhlodrominae) subfamily. These predatory migratory species can be considered to be buccal predatory mites.

The predatory here mite is Amblyseius swirskii ; [Athias-Henriot, 1962], [Chant and McMurtry, 2004]) ( Thailand loading platforms Lomi peuseu Switzerland Le Ski (Typhlodromips swirskii ; [Athias-Henriot, 1962], and [De Moraes et al., 2004]). There is no industry disclosure of this species on breeding on artificial host mites. The present invention discloses a mite composition which can be used for the economic breeding of mediterranean mite using the species belonging to the sugar mite family as an artificial host for the first time, and thus, mediterranean mite can be used as a complementary biological pest control agent. Done However, in some embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the predatory migratory species is selected from species other than the Mediterranean miri.

In different strains of predatory erythropod species, differences in water solubility for artificial hosts can be observed. It may also be possible to breed strains adapted to specific artificial hosts by selective breeding.

As used herein, the term breeding should be understood to include the breeding and increasing of the population through sexual reproduction.

The populations that are bred may include sexually mature adult adults and / or individuals in other stages of growth that may be matured into sexually mature adults, such as eggs and / or nymphs, for example. Alternatively, the breeding community may comprise one or more eggs. In essence, breeding communities can increase their population through sexual reproduction.

As noted above, the artificial host community is preferably a breeding community that can remain constant or even proliferate to some extent. Where the artificial host is provided in a breeding community, it is preferred to be provided with a food material for the artificial host. Feeding materials are described in Solomon, M.E. and Cunnington, A. M., 1963; Parkinson, CL. , 1992; Ramakers, P.M.J, and van Lieburg, M.J., 1982; And the feeding material disclosed in GB2393890.

The artificial host is preferably a sugar mite. Sugar mites, also called dried fruit mites, are a globally distributed species that occur in a variety of stored organic substances. It is mainly found in honeycomb debris of dried fruits and bees, such as dried figs, plums, raisins, etc. ([Hughes, AM 1977]; [Chmielewski, W., 1971 (a)]; [Chmielewski, W., 1971 ( b)]) Unlike long hair mites, sugar mites do not damage crops. Thus, the artificial host so preferably selected is selected in the present invention in such a way that individuals in the artificial host community are in contact with the crop, for example when applied directly or in close proximity to the crop or when using slow / limiting / maintaining spinning sachets. It is advantageous when the composition according to the invention is used.

Another advantage of sugar mites is that they are distributed worldwide. Therefore, many countries in the international trade of products containing them will be less subject to the legal restrictions imposed on foreign species.

It has also been found that sugar mites are a particularly suitable artificial host for Mediterranean mites, since these predators can feed on all stages of growth and under certain circumstances.

The population of the predatory miraculous species in relation to the population of the artificial host in the composition is from about 1000: 1 to 1:20, for example from 1: 1 to 1:10, preferably from about 100: 1 to 1:20. 1: 4, 1: 5 or 1: 7.

The relative number depends on the particular use desired of the composition and / or the stage of growth of the mite clusters on the artificial host. In general, a composition in which an individual of an artificial host is present in excess of an E. coli individual so that sufficient food can be provided is preferred for breeding E. coli species. However, the relative population of wild mite species increases because of the increase in the wild mite population as feeding on artificial hosts.

Compositions comprising a relatively large number of predatory mire mites are formed from a relatively small number of predatory mire breeding communities by feeding and growing artificial hosts. Alternatively, by mixing a relatively small number of compositions with a relatively large number of compositions, including a composition comprising only an artificial host, optionally in combination with a carrier and / or a feed material suitable for an artificial host, A composition can be formed that comprises a small number of predatory mire mites.

Another aspect of the invention is directed to a method of breeding a predatory miraculous species. The method comprises providing a composition according to the invention and allowing the predatory migratory subject to feed on the individual of the artificial host population.

For proper growth of the predatory erythrae, the composition is maintained at, for example, 18-35 ° C., preferably 20-30 ° C., more preferably 20-25 ° C., most preferably 22-25 ° C. Suitable relative humidity ranges are between 75-95%, preferably between 80-90%. Such temperature and relative humidity intervals are also generally suitable for maintaining artificial host species.

The composition comprises a carrier capable of providing a porous media and feed material for the artificial host species, wherein the artificial host species is preferably maintained in three-dimensional culture on the carrier. In this three-dimensional culture, individuals of artificial host species move freely in three dimensions. In this way they occupy a larger volume of carriers and make more suitable use of the feed material. Given the relative size of the predatory, migratory stage erythropod species to artificial host individuals, these organisms will generally occupy the entire volume of the carrier when hunting artificial hosts. Preferably, three-dimensional culture can be obtained by providing a carrier of a three-dimensional layer, ie, a layer having three dimensions, in which two dimensions are larger than one dimension in another. A representative example is a flat layer having a length and width of metric class and a predetermined thickness of centimeter class. Three-dimensional layers are preferred because they provide greater productivity compared to two-dimensional layers by allowing sufficient exchange of metabolic heat and gases.

Another aspect of the invention is aimed at the use for the breeding of predatory miter mites of the genus Caproglyphus, preferably of the inorganic mite marrow selected from the sugar mite family, such as the sugar mite species.

For the reasons mentioned above, the inorganic moth mite is preferably selected from caproglyphos, most preferred is sugar mite.

The predatory here mites are preferably selected from:

-For example, Amblisius Ander Sony (Amblyseius andersoni), Am assembly assay mouse switch le ski (Amblyseius swirskii ) or Am assembly assay mouse Largo N-Sys (Amblyseius largoensis ) Am assembly assay for mouse (Amblyseius) in, for example, Euseius Grandi kusu pin (Euseius finlandicus), Aust assay mouse Hibi ski (seius hibisci), Aust mouse assay Oval lease (Euseius ovalis), Aust assay mouse Victory N-Sys (Euseius victoriensis), Aust mouse assay Stevenage Pula tooth (Euseius stipulatus), Aust mouse assay Surgical Tallis (Euseius scutalis), Aust assay mouse Tula alkylene sheath (Euseius tularensis), Aust mouse assay Ahtto N-Sys (Euseius addoensis ) or Aust assay mouse sheet Lee (Euseius citri ) Aust for mouse assay (Euseius) in, for example, Neo Say Ulus Varga Kerry (Neoseiulus barkeri), Neo Say you Ulus California FORT Syracuse (Neoseiulus californicus), Neo Say Ulus Kyukyu Marys (Neoseiulus cucumeris), neo assay Oulu's ronggi spinosyns Versus (Neoseiulus longispinosus), Neo Say Ulus War slave-Mer (Neoseiulus womersleyi), Neo Say Ulus Mouse on a (Neoseiulus idaeus) or Neo Say Ulus Palazzo System (Neoseiulus fallacis ) For four Issey Ulus (Neoseiulus) in, for example, Tyflodromalus Lee monitor kusu (Typhlodromalus limonicus ) or Iple's photo to the other end of the load that Linus Ruth Ferrer (Typhlodromalus peregrinus), such as in the flow of the tie draw loose end (Typhlodromalus), e.g. Thailand loading platforms Lomi peuseu Montrose also Len system (Typhlodromips montdorensis ), etc. Thailand loading platforms Lomi peuseu (Typhlodromips), such as in Am assembly subfamily or the assay (Ambyseiinae);

- for example, Galndromes Occidentalis ( Galendromus occidentalis) Gallen draw mousse (Galendromus) for in, for example, such as Tie flow draw mousse Charmander (Typhlodromus pyri), mousse to the other ripple load The Dore INC (Typhiodromus doreenae ) or Thai flows throw a no-Assad's Arch (Typhlodromus athiasae ) Thai Thai Flo Flo draw Mina, such as Moose Draw (Typhlodromus) in (Typhlodrominae) subfamily.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a breeding system for predatory feeding.

The breeding system comprises a container containing a composition according to the present invention. The container may be of any type suitable for constraining individuals of both communities. The breeding system may comprise means, such as a ventilation hole, to facilitate the exchange of metabolic gas and heat between its interior and exterior. Such ventilation holes should not allow the colony to escape from the container. This can be achieved by covering the ventilation holes, for example with a mesh.

The breeding system may be suitable for densely-breeding of heretic mites. Alternatively, the breeding system may be used to radiate a predatory mite on crops. In this case, it is preferred that the container can be adapted to release the predatory mite of the movable stage at any moment. This can be accomplished by providing a closed opening that is openable to the container. Alternatively or further combined therewith, a relatively small spinneret may be provided in the container such that the number of movable stages mites that exit the container at regular time intervals is limited. The breeding system can in this way function similar to the slow or sustained spinning system disclosed in [Sampson, C, 1998] and GB2393890.

In such a breeding system for breeding predators in crops, the container is preferably dimensioned to be suspended from the crop or placed on the crop base. To suspend the crops, the container may be provided with suspending means such as strings or loops.

Another aspect of the present invention is directed to the use for controlling crop pests in commercial crops of the composition or breeding system.

Pests Trialurodes Bayolario Rum ( Trialeurodes) whitefly, such as vaporariorum) or cyano bemi other Bridge (Bemisia tabaci); Frankel shall file such as thrips or flower thrips species Ella (Frankliniella spp . Including whiskers; Spotted mite ( Tetranychus leaf mites, such as urticae ); It may be selected from dust mites such as Polypahagotarsonemus latus . The Mediterranean predatory mite, a predatory mite, exhibits excellent efficiency against these pests.

Crop of pepper ( Capsicum annuum ), eggplant ( Solanum (greenhouse) vegetable crops, such as melogena , Cucumis sativa ), melon ( Cucumis melo ), watermelon ( Citrullus) lanatus) and (greenhouse) coronary crops such as watermelon and plants (Cucurbitaceae), strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa), raspberries (combustion chamber flow (soft fruit), roses, such as Rubus ideaus) gerbera, chrysanthemum (chrysanthemums), or citrus species (citrus spp . May be selected from tree crops such as, but not limited to.

The present invention further relates to a method for controlling biological pests of a crop, comprising providing the composition according to the invention to the crop.

The pest may be selected similarly to the use of the composition according to the invention.

Compositions in the process according to the invention may be provided by applying an amount of said composition to or in proximity to the base of a large number of crop plants. As in the conventional practice of using predatory mites for complementary biological pest control, the composition can be applied to crop plants by simply spraying on the crop plant or on the base of the crop plant. The amount of composition that can be provided to each individual of the crop fabric by sparging may be in the range of 1-20 ml, such as 1-10 ml, preferably 2-5 ml.

Alternatively, the composition may be provided to a large number of crop plants with the present breeding system suitable for spinning a predatory mime on crops. The breeding system can be placed as close to or on the base of a large number of crop plants.

In the biological pest control method according to the present invention, it may not be necessary to provide the composition to all crop plants. Since commercial crops are usually densely grown, predatory migraine can spread from one crop plant to another. The number of crop plants to which the present compositions should be provided in order to provide sufficient crop protection depends on the specific situation and can be readily determined by the skilled person according to his or her experience in packaging. The number of predatory ritual mites released per hectare is usually more assertive. Such numbers may range from 1000-4 million per hectare, typically 100,000-1 million or 50,000-500,000 per hectare.

In a further preferred embodiment of the biological pest control method according to the invention, the crop is selected as described in connection with the use of the composition.

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, which represent non-limiting embodiments of different aspects of the invention.

Example  One

Inorganic door  Lover Sugar mite  Dense-Breeding

Sugar mites were densely-grown on media containing baker's yeast (Chmielewski, W., 1971 (a); Chmielewski, W., 1971 (b)).

The culture is a container that is ventilated at 85 to 90% relative humidity between 22 ° C. and 25 ° C. (e.g. a bucket with sufficient ventilation holes with 47 micron gauze to prevent the mites from escaping) bucket)). Successful dense-breeding can be achieved by adding fresh media at least once a week. The amount depends on the number of mites in the media, but usually between 100-300% of the original culture volume is added. The breeding layer may have a thickness of 1 to 10 cm, and should not be too thick to ensure proper exchange of metabolic gas and metabolic heat such as carbon dioxide and oxygen. When breeding sugar mites in the media, a biomass weight percentage of mites for the media between 20% and 30% is achieved. In general, the population is increased 2 to 4 times per week.

Example  2

Sugar mite  On Mediterranean  Dense breeding

Ventilation vessel with a buckwheat husk layer of 5 to 25 cm as a carrier (e.g. 47 micron gauze to prevent escape of mites, with sufficient ventilation holes to ensure proper exchange of metabolic gas and heat) Mediterranean wolf breeding in a bucket).

The carrier layer should not be too thick to ensure proper exchange of metabolic gas and metabolic heat such as carbon dioxide and oxygen. At least once a week, 15% to 30% of the sugar mite breeding community must be added to the container.

The amount of sugar mites added is calculated based on the number of predatory mites and sugar mites present in the breeding vessel. Suitably, the predator to food ratio should be between 1: 7 and 1:12 immediately after adding fresh sugar mites. In a breeding vessel the culture is maintained at a temperature between 22 ° C. and 25 ° C., a relative humidity of 85 to 90% and a CO ₂ level of up to 750 ppm. In this way, the breeding populations of the Mediterranean miter mites are two to three times per week. In general, densities of predatory mites 100 to 500 per gram of breeding material can be achieved.

Example  3

Sugar mite  At childhood and adult growth stages Mediterranean  Scattering test

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate whether Mediterranean mites have a preference for the young stages of sugar mites (eg eggs, larvae and nymphs) and whether they can also feed on the adult growth stages of sugar artificial hosts. To this end, different breeding systems of Mediterranean mediterranean (some of which supplied childhood sugar mites and others of adult sugar mites) were produced. The difference between the mean number of eggs laid per day in females of Mediterranean mites when the food source was adult sugar mite and the childhood sugar mite was compared.

Materials and methods

As the start of the experiment, mediterranean migratory adults were collected from the mediterranean migratory dense-cultures that started several weeks earlier. Thirty young adult females and twelve males were selected from the dense-cultures and transferred to six newly prepared breeding vessels. Five females and two males were inserted respectively. Three of them were fed sufficient childhood sugar mites as a food source. The remaining three test cultures were fed an adult sugar mite.

Once six test cultures were prepared they were placed in a climate room under limited temperature (25 ° C.) and humidity (75%) conditions. After 2 or 3 days under these conditions, they were taken out. Six new breeding vessels, similar to the previous ones, were prepared to transfer the same five females and two males used previously. As in the previous step, a sufficient amount of childhood or adult stage sugar mites was added to each test vessel as a food source. After the males and females were moved, the number of eggs in the breeding container they were taken out was counted.

Prior breeding systems were preserved in the climate chamber for two or three days and then discarded for secondary counts to detect progeny that may not have been found. Similar to the previous breeding systems, the new ones continued the same process. The residual amount of sugar mites in each breeding container was examined daily. Enough amount was added as needed.

Data were obtained every two or three days by evaluating the number of offspring for both new breeding (primary count) and preceding breeding (secondary count). Based on the number of females and the total amount of offspring found in each breeding vessel, the average number of eggs laid per female per day was obtained.

result

As a food source Sugar mite  Adult stage

Looking at the development of spawned eggs per female during the entire test (evaluated every 2-3 days), the mean ranged from 1.27 to 2.07 eggs / female / day.

Over the entire period, the general mean was 1.8 eggs / female / day. The total number of eggs laid per female for a period of 16 days was about 29. Comparing the average number of eggs laid per day in females in primary, secondary and tertiary independent breeding vessels was 1.84, 1.72 and 1.85, respectively. Experimental data is shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1. Food Sources: Sugar mite  adult. 3 independent breeding systems and comprehensive experiments ( global experiment) Mediterranean sea  Average number of eggs laid per day per female

Experiment Date female Total offspring Egg / day / female Average egg / day / female  One 10/11 5 15 1.50  1.84 15/11 5 24 1.60 17/11 5 17 1.70 19/11 5 23 2.30 22/11 5 30 2.00 24/11 5 17 1.70 26/11 5 21 2.10  2 10/11 5 10 1.00  1.72 15/11 5 31 2.07 17/11 5 20 2.00 19/11 5 21 2.10 22/11 5 31 2.07 24/11 5 13 1.30 26/11 5 15 1.50  3 10/11 5 13 1.30  1.85 15/11 5 34 2.27 17/11 5 23 2.30 19/11 5 18 1.80 22/11 5 25 1.67 24/11 5 19 2.38 26/11 5 10 1.25 Date term female descendants Egg / day / female Average egg / day / female 10/11 0-2 days 15 38 1.27  1.80 15/11 3-5 days 15 89 1.98 17/11 6-7 days 15 60 2.00 19/11 8-9 days 15 62 2.07 22/11 10-12 days 15 86 1.91 24/11 13-14 days 14 49 1.75 26/11 15-16 days 14 46 1.64

As a food source Sugar mite  Childhood stages

When we compared the development of eggs laid per female during the entire experiment (evaluated once every 2-3 days), the average range was found to be 1.43-2.07 eggs / female / day.

The average over the entire period was 1.84 eggs / female / day. The total amount of eggs laid per female was about 33 for a period of 18 days. Comparing the average number of eggs laid per day for three independent breeding vessels, the mean of primary, secondary and tertiary breeding systems were 1.72, 1.89 and 1.81, respectively. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2. Food Sources: Childhood Stages Sugar mite . In three independent breeding systems and comprehensive experiments Mediterranean sea  Average number of eggs laid per day per female

Experiment Date female Total offspring Egg / day / female Average egg / day / female  One 10/11 5 18 1.80  1.72 12/11 5 21 2.10 15/11 5 31 2.07 17/11 5 17 1.70 19/11 5 16 1.60 22/11 5 33 2.20 24/11 4 10 1.25 26/11 4 8 1.00  2 10/11 6 15 1.25  1.89 12/11 6 24 2.00 15/11 6 31 1.72 17/11 6 25 2.08 19/11 6 26 2.17 22/11 6 36 2.00 24/11 6 25 2.08 26/11 6 22 1.83  3 10/11 5 20 2.00  1.81 12/11 5 21 2.10 15/11 5 26 1.73 17/11 5 21 2.10 19/11 4 17 1.70 22/11 4 24 2.00 24/11 4 13 1.63 26/11 4 10 1.25 Date term female descendants Egg / day / female Average egg / day / female 10/11 0-2 days 16 53 1.66  1.84 12/11 3-4 days 16 66 2.06 15/11 5-7 days 16 88 1.83 17/11 8-9 days 16 63 1.97 19/11 10-12 days 15 59 1.97 22/11 13-14 days 15 93 2.07 24/11 15-16 days 14 48 1.71 26/11 17-18 days 14 40 1.43

The results show that mediterranean wolfworms can proliferate in both childhood and adult stages of sugar mites.

Example  4

Sugar mite  On Cucumber  spawning

According to the same general test scheme as described in Example 3, the average number of eggs laid per female of cucumber cucumber mites was confirmed when sugar mites were used as feed binary.

However, this experiment did not distinguish between childhood and adult adult hosts. Instead, individuals from the group of sugar mites were added non-selectively.

result

We compared the development of spawned eggs per female in the entire experiment (evaluated once every 2-3 days), except for the first period (2 days), where the average was 1.72 eggs / female / day. The mean of five periods of was evaluated to be 2.17-2.31 eggs / female / day. The general mean over the entire period was 2.13 eggs / female / day. The data is shown in Table 3 below.

Table 3. Average number of eggs laid per female per day in three independent breeding systems and inclusive experiments

Experiment Date female Total offspring Egg / day / female Average egg / day / female  One 29/11 5 19 1.90  2.32 01/11 5 37 2.47 05/11 5 26 2.60 08/11 5 35 2.33 10/11 5 24 2.40 12/11 5 22 2.20  2 29/11 5 25 2.50  2.39 01/11 5 37 2.47 05/11 5 25 2.50 08/11 5 36 2.40 10/11 5 19 1.90 12/11 5 26 2.60  3 29/11 6 11 0.92  2.13 01/11 6 31 1.72 05/11 6 23 1.92 08/11 6 33 1.83 10/11 5 22 2.20 12/11 4 14 1.75 Date term female descendants Egg / day / female Average egg / day / female 29/11 0-2 days 16 55 1.72  2.13 01/11 3-5 days 16 105 2.19 05/11 6-7 days 16 74 2.31 08/11 8-10 days 16 104 2.17 10/11 11-12 days 15 65 2.17 12/11 13-14 days 14 62 2.21

The results show that cucumber mites can grow on sugar mites.

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Claims (22)

-Breeding communities of predatory species -Artificial host community, And any carrier for the individual of said population, Artificial host car is crowded reportage glycidyl crispus least one type of compound selected from sugar jindeugigwa such as in, preferably, mite composition characterized in that it comprises a sugar mite species. The composition of claim 1, wherein the predatory mire species are selected from the following. -For example, Amblisius Ander Sony (Amblyseius andersoni ), Ambrisius Switzerland Le Ski (Amblyseius swirskii ) or Am assembly assay mouse Largo N-Sys (Amblyseius largoensis ) Am assembly assay for mouse (Amblyseius) in, for example, Euseius Grandi kusu pin (Euseius finlandicus), Aust mouse assay Hibi skiing (seius hibisci), Aust assay mouse misfire less (Euseius ovalis), Aust assay mouse Victory N-Sys (Euseius victoriensis), Aust mouse assay Stevenage Pula tooth (Euseius stipulatus), Aust assay mouse Surgical Tallis (Euseius scutalis), Aust mouse assay Tula alkylene sheath (Euseius tularensis ), Euseius Ahtto N-Sys (Euseius addoensis ) or Aust assay mouse sheet Lee (Euseius citri) in Aust mouse assay (Euseius), such as, e.g. Neo Say Ulus Varga Kerry (Neoseiulus barkeri), Neo Say Ulus California ( Neoseiulus) californicus ), Neoseiulus Kyukyu Marys (Neoseiulus cucumeris), neo assay loose wool ronggi spinosyns Versus (Neoseiulus longispinosus), neo assay Ulus Warmer Slay ( Neoseiulus womersleyi), Neo Say Ulus Mouse on a (Neoseiulus idaeus ) or Assays, such as the neo loose wool Palazzo sheath (Neoseiulus fallacis) For four Issey Ulus (Neoseiulus) in, for example, Thai Flo draw horses loose-Monitor Syracuse (Typhlodromalus limonicus ) or Tie the end of the draw flow Ruth Ferrer that Linus (Typhlodromalus peregrinus ) Tie the end of the draw flow for Ruth (Typhlodromalus) in, for example, Tyflod Lomps Monte also alkylene sheath (Typhlodromips such as tie rod flat Lomi peuseu (Typhlodromips) in such montdorensis) Am assembly subfamily or the assay (Ambyseiinae); - for example, Galndromes Occidentalis ( Galendromus occidentalis) Gallen draw mousse (Galendromus) for in, for example, such as Tie flow draw mousse Charmander (Typhlodromus pyri), mousse to the other ripple load The Dore INC (Typhiodromus doreenae ) or Tie Moose Draw flow Arch Asa (Typhlodromus athiasae ) Thai Thai Flo Flo draw Mina, such as Moose Draw (Typhlodromus) in (Typhlodrominae) subfamily. The composition of claim 1 or 2 comprising a feed material suitable for said artificial host community. The composition of claim 1, wherein the artificial host community is a breeding community. The method of claim 1, wherein the population of the predatory mire mite species relative to the artificial host population is between about 1: 1 and 1:10, for example about 1: 4, 1: 5 or 1: 7. Such as from about 100: 1 to 1:20. -Providing a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, -Feeding the predatory mire mite to an individual of said artificial host community. The method of claim 6, wherein the composition is maintained at 18-35 ° C. and / or 60-95% relative humidity. 8. The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the composition comprises a carrier and a suitable edible material, and the artificial host population is maintained as a three dimensional culture on the carrier. Car reportage Glee crispus jindeugigwa sugar, such as in, preferably sugar mite species weapons doors suborder of mites, predatory wolves use as a host for the artificial breeding mite selected from. 10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the predatory mite is selected from the following. -For example, Amblisius Ander Sony (Amblyseius andersoni ), Ambrisius Switzerland Le Ski (Amblyseius swirskii ) or Am assembly assay mouse Largo N-Sys (Amblyseius largoensis ) Am assembly assay for mouse (Amblyseius) in, for example, Euseius Grandi kusu pin (Euseius finlandicus), Aust mouse assay Hibi skiing (Euseius hibisci), Aust assay mouse misfire less (Euseius ovalis), Aust assay mouse Victory N-Sys (Euseius victoriensis), Aust mouse assay Stevenage Pula tooth (Euseius stipulatus), Aust assay mouse Surgical Tallis (Euseius scutalis), Aust mouse assay Tula alkylene sheath (Euseius tularensis ), Euseius Ahtto N-Sys (Euseius addoensis ) or Aust assay mouse sheet Lee (Euseius citri) in Aust mouse assay (Euseius), such as, e.g. Neo Say Ulus Varga Kerry (Neoseiulus barkeri), Neo Say Ulus California ( Neoseiulus) californicus ), Neoseiulus Kyukyu Marys (Neoseiulus cucumeris), neo assay loose wool ronggi spinosyns Versus (Neoseiulus longispinosus), neo assay Ulus Warmer Slay ( Neoseiulus womersleyi), Neo Say Ulus Mouse on a (Neoseiulus idaeus ) or Assays, such as the neo loose wool Palazzo sheath (Neoseiulus fallacis) For four Issey Ulus (Neoseiulus) in, for example, Thai Flo draw horses loose-Monitor Syracuse (Typhlodromalus limonicus ) or Tie the end of the draw flow Ruth Ferrer that Linus (Typhlodromalus peregrinus ) Tie the end of the draw flow for Ruth (Typhlodromalus) in, for example, Tyflod Lomps Monte also alkylene sheath (Typhlodromips such as tie rod flat Lomi peuseu (Typhlodromips) in such montdorensis) Am assembly subfamily or the assay (Ambyseiinae); - for example, Galndromes Occidentalis ( Galendromus Lend to take such occidentalis) for Moose (Galendromus) in, for example, Tie flow draw mousse Charmander (Typhlodromus pyri), mousse to the other ripple load The Dore INC (Typhiodromus doreenae ) or Tie Moose Draw flow Arch Asa (Typhlodromus athiasae ) Thai Thai Flo Flo draw Mina, such as Moose Draw (Typhlodromus) in (Typhlodrominae) subfamily. A predatory here mite breeding system comprising a container containing a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 12. The breeding system of claim 11, wherein the container comprises an outlet for one or more movable growth stages of the mite. 13. The breeding system of claim 12, wherein said outlet is adapted to provide sustained spinning of said one or more movable growth stages. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the breeding system according to claim 12 or 13 for the control of crop pests. The method of claim 14 wherein the crop pest is tree bay waters right des Fora Rio column (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) or bemi Asia Floury such as Bemisia tabaci ; Frankel shall file such as thrips or flower thrips species Ella (Frankliniella spp . Including whiskers; Spotted mite ( Tetranychus leaf mites, such as urticae ); Dust mite ( Polypahagotarsonemus) use selected from dust mites such as latus ). The method of claim 15, wherein the crop is Capsicum annuum , Solanum (greenhouse) vegetable crops such as melogena , Cucumis sativa , melon ( Cucumis melo ), watermelons like Citrullus lanatus , Cucurbitaceae , strawberries ( Fragaria x ananassa ), raspberry ( Rubus Applications are selected from the tree crops such as ideaus) and the combustion chamber flow (soft fruit), (greenhouse) coronary crops such as roses, gerbera, mums (chrysanthemums), or a kind of citrus (Citrus spp.) such. A method for controlling a biological pest of a crop, comprising providing the crop with a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The method of claim 17 wherein the pest is a tree Death Valley right bay Fora Rio column (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), or a cyano bemi Floury such as Bemisia tabaci ; Frankel shall file such as thrips or flower thrips species Ella (Frankliniella spp . Including whiskers; Leaf mites such as Tetranychus urticae ; Method selected from dust mites such as Polypahagotarsonemus latus . 19. The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein the amount of the composition is provided by applying a quantity of the composition in close proximity, such as at the bottom of a plurality of crop plants, preferably the base of each crop plant. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the amount is 1-10 ml, preferably 2-5 ml. 19. The composition according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the composition is placed in close proximity to a plurality of crop plants, preferably each crop plant, such as by suspending the breeding system to crop plants. Method for providing to the breeding system according to claim 13. 22. The crop according to any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein the crop is capsicum annuum , eggplant ( Solanum ). (greenhouse) vegetable crops such as melogena , Cucumis sativa , melon ( Cucumis melo ), watermelon ( Citrullus) lanatus ), such as Cucurbitaceae , strawberries ( Fragaria x ananassa ) and raspberry ( Rubus The method is selected from soft fruits such as ideaus ), (greenhouse) ornamental crops such as roses, gerberas, chrysanthemums, or tree crops such as citrus spp .

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