KR20070069629A - Apparatus for measuring a railroad track parameter - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus for measuring railroad track parameters is provided to simply measure various railroad track parameters such as a curve radius, a balanced speed, and a gantry amount, by using 4-direction accelerometers and a speed sensor. An apparatus for measuring railroad track parameters includes a sensor unit(320), a signal conditioner(310), and a data processor(300). The sensor unit measures a speed and an acceleration of a railroad car. The signal conditioner converts sensing signals from the railroad car to a digital signal and processes the digital signal. The data processor calculates a railroad design parameter and a gradation of the railroad based on the processed result from the signal conditioner and train weight data. The railroad design parameter includes a curve radius, a balanced speed, and a gantry amount.

Description

Track data measuring device of railway track {Apparatus for measuring a railroad track parameter}

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a typical railway track.

2 is a graph showing gradients and curves on specific lines.

3 is a block diagram of a track data measuring apparatus of the railway line according to the present invention.

4 is a state diagram when a railway vehicle passes through an upper gradient.

5 is a state diagram when the railway vehicle passes through the curved portion.

6 is a state graph of left and right accelerations in which a frequency component of 0.5 Hz or more is removed from a curved portion.

7 is a state graph for the measured normal acceleration and the calculated normal acceleration according to the change in the traveling speed of the railway vehicle in any curve.

* Description of the main parts of the drawing

100 .. Railway tracks

101, 102 .. Rail 103 .. Sleepers

104 .. icon 105 .. roadbed

300. Data processing section 301. Speed sensor

302, 303. Acceleration sensor 304. Amplification unit

305 .. F / V Converter 306 .. A / D Converter

307 .. Counter 308. Microprocessor

309 .. Memory section 310 .. Signal conditioner section

320 .. Sensor

The present invention relates to a track data measuring apparatus of a railway track, and more particularly, the front and rear directions of installing track data such as a gradient of a railway track on which a train operates, a curve radius at a curved portion, a balance speed, and a cant amount. The railroad tracks can be measured using the acceleration sensor in the left and right directions and the speed sensor installed in the axle, and can be directly used for analyzing the driving performance, braking performance, and dynamic characteristics of the train by using the measured data. It relates to a data measuring device.

The railway line is generally configured as shown in FIG. 1, and has a slope portion and a curved portion as shown in FIG. 2, and includes a flat portion, an uphill portion (uphill slope), and a downhill portion (low slope) according to the terrain. , Curved portion, straight portion, and the like. Even if the high speed train runs at a high speed, all the rail lines have an up and down gradient and a curved part because they cannot be made of a straight line.

The performance of the train may be determined by the up and down gradient and the curve part. In other words, the towing and braking performance of the train is determined according to the up and down grade of the railroad tracks, and the centrifugal force generated on the railroad cars in the curved portion has a great influence on the passenger's riding comfort.

Therefore, the state of the railway track is measured by a dedicated detection lane for the management of the railway track. Dedicated detection vehicles measure the three points of the track at the same time using a displacement measuring device installed in the detection vehicle. Based on this, the versine of the track from the "centre from the center of the circle to the arc" to the "centre from the center to the string" The length of the track minus the length of "is measured and used, and most tracks are managed using this versatile.

However, in order to grasp the influence of railroad cars by railroad tracks, the versatile of the tracks should be converted into actual track data such as irregularity, curvature radius, up and down gradient, cant, etc. Not only could not obtain accurate track data close to the actual railway track shape, but also could not accurately grasp the influence on the railway vehicle by the track.

In addition, the dedicated detection vehicle was difficult to maintain due to the expensive equipment, and since it was designed to operate at a low speed when measuring the versatile of the railway line, much time should be invested in measuring the versatile of many operating lines. There was a problem.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and the line data such as the gradient of the railway track, the curve radius at the curved portion, the balance speed, the cant amount, etc. are installed in the vehicle body in the front, rear, left and right directions. It is possible to measure by using the acceleration sensor and the speed sensor installed on the axle, and to use the measured data of the railway track data measuring device that can be directly used for the analysis of the driving performance, braking performance, and the dynamic characteristics of the train. The purpose is to provide.

Rail data measuring apparatus of the railway line according to the present invention for achieving the above object, the sensor unit for measuring the speed and acceleration of the railway vehicle; A signal conditioner unit for converting the sensing signal of the sensor unit; And a data processing unit for calculating a gradient of the railway line and a track design variable in the curved unit based on the signal processed by the signal conditioner unit and the body load data.

The track design variable is characterized in that the cant amount, the radius of curvature and the balance speed in the curved portion.

The sensor unit, the front and rear acceleration sensor for measuring the acceleration in the front and rear direction of the train; Left and right acceleration sensor for measuring the acceleration in the left and right direction of the train; And a speed sensor for measuring the speed of the train.

The signal conditioner unit may include an amplifier for amplifying and outputting a sensing signal of the front, rear, left and right acceleration sensors; And an F / V converter converting the measured signal of the speed sensor into a voltage signal and outputting the converted voltage signal.

The data processor may include an A / D converter for converting a signal output from the F / V converter into digital; A counter for converting and outputting the sensing signal of the speed sensor into a train position signal; And a microprocessor configured to calculate a gradient amount of the railway line, a cant amount in a curved portion, and a curved radius using data output from the A / D converter and a counter and a predetermined body load. do.

The left-right direction acceleration sensor is an accelerometer capable of measuring an acceleration of less than 1 Hz.

Hereinafter will be described in detail with respect to the track data measuring apparatus of the railway line according to the present invention.

3 is a configuration diagram of a track data measuring apparatus for a railroad line according to the present invention, FIG. 4 is a state diagram when a railroad vehicle passes through an upper gradient, and FIG. 5 is a state diagram when a railroad car passes through a curved portion. FIG. 6 is a graph showing left and right accelerations in a curved portion, in which a frequency component of 0.5 Hz or more is removed, and FIG. 7 is measured normal acceleration and calculated according to a change in traveling speed of a railway vehicle in an arbitrary curved portion. This graph shows normal acceleration.

The track data measuring device of a railroad line according to the present invention includes a front and rear direction in which track data such as a slope of a railroad line on which a railroad vehicle is operated, a curvature radius at a curved portion, a balance speed, and a cant amount and the like are installed in the vehicle body 201. It is configured to make simple measurement using acceleration sensor in left and right direction and speed sensor installed in axle.

1 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a typical railway line 100 is laid, the railway line 100 is a pair of left and right rails (101, 102), sleepers 103 installed at regular intervals, laid with gravel or concrete It consists of a roadbed 105 and a roadbed 105 composed of a fill, a cut, a bridge, or a tunnel.

The pair of rails 101 and 102 are installed on the sleepers supported for the roadbed and the roadbed, and the load transmitted to the rails 101 and 102 in the train is the roadbed 105 through the sleepers 103 and the roadway 104. To be delivered). In fact, the pair of rails 101 and 102 on which the train travels is formed by the roadbed 105 to form a flat line, an upper gradient and an inlet gradient, a curved portion, a straight portion, and the like.

Figure 2 shows the slope and the curve of the particular line actually laid. As shown in FIG. 2, the rail line 100 has an upper gradient and a lower gradient, and it can be seen that a curved portion exists at any track position.

3 is a hardware configuration diagram of an apparatus for measuring railroad track data according to the present invention, and includes a speed sensor 301 installed on an axle 203 and acceleration sensors 302 and 303 installed on a vehicle body 201. A signal conditioner section 310 consisting of a section 320, an amplifier 304 and a frequency-voltage converter 305, and an A / D converter 306, a counter 307, a microprocessor 308 The data processing unit 300 includes a memory unit 309.

The acceleration sensors 302 and 303 are installed in the vehicle body 201 and may be classified into a front and rear acceleration sensor 302 and a left and right acceleration sensor 303. The front and rear acceleration sensors 302 are generally Although the accelerometer used (measurement range 1 Hz-100 Hz) can be used, it is preferable that the left-right acceleration sensor 303 uses an accelerometer capable of measuring an acceleration of less than 1 Hz. This is because when the left and right acceleration sensor 303 cannot measure an acceleration of less than 1 Hz, the left and right acceleration at the curve portion having a very low frequency cannot be measured.

The speed sensor 301 is installed in the axle 203, and the speed measured by the axle 203 installed in the lower portion of the trolley 202 by the speed sensor 301 is represented by the number of pulses per revolution. In order to use this pulse number for speed, the pulse number is converted into a voltage signal through the F / V converter 305 and transmitted, and the same pulse number is transmitted through the counter 307 to measure the moving distance of the train. This is used to accurately determine the position of the train, in order to minimize the cumulative error that may occur if the integration of the speed signal obtained by using the F / V converter 305.

Based on the data input through the sensor unit 320 and the signal conditioner unit 310 configured as described above, the microprocessor 308 of the data processing unit 300 is a curve in the slope and curve of the railway line. Line data such as radius, balance speed and cant amount is calculated.

4 shows a state diagram of one vehicle when the train passes the upper gradient. The wheels and rails 102 of the train have rolling friction, and the train receives the resistance of running as shown in Equation 1 because the train receives air resistance as the speed of the train increases.

Where V is the running speed of the train [km / h] and the constants a, b and c are coefficients known in advance through the rudder test. The squared term of velocity is the effect of aerodynamic resistance and the rest is the effect of cloud friction.

In FIG. 4, the equilibrium equation of force acting on the vehicle is expressed by Equation 2 below by Newton's second law.

Where F is the inertial force of the train, m is the train mass, R is the running resistance of the train, θ is the line gradient + is the upper gradient, and-is the lower gradient.

The gradient amount can be obtained from Equation 2 as shown in Equation 3 below.

At this time, it should be noted that the acceleration should be measured under the condition that the train is running only by its own inertia force. If the train is towed or braked, the slope of the track cannot be determined because the acceleration in the fore and aft direction changes. In addition, since the running resistance of the train and the mass of the train are known in advance, it is possible to obtain the top and bottom gradients of the track in the other state.

Fig. 5 shows a state diagram of the vehicle when the train passes through the curved portion. In the curved part, the centrifugal force as shown in Equation 4 is generated according to the traveling speed of the train. Since the centrifugal force causes discomfort to the passengers in the train, cant (C) is added to the left and right rails to offset the centrifugal force. The train acts inward by the centripetal force as shown in Equation (5). When the centripetal force generated by the installed cant is equal to the centrifugal force generated at any train speed, the cant amount and the running speed of the train are called the balance cant and the balance speed, and this balance speed has the same effect as a train running on a flat track. .

Fc is centrifugal force [kN], W is train load [ton], R is curve radius [m], and V is train speed [km / h], respectively.

Where Fw is the centripetal force [kN], C is the amount of cant [mm], G is the rail spacing [mm], and Vc is the train balance speed [km / h], respectively.

6 is a graph showing a state in which a frequency component of 0.5 Hz or more is removed as a left-right acceleration generated when a train travels on a curved portion. Acceleration in the left and right directions decreases as the speed of the train increases, which means that the speed of the train is less than the speed at which the train speed is less than the equilibrium speed (when the center and the centripetal force are equal, ie when the normal acceleration becomes '0'). cant over).

7 is a normal acceleration calculated using a change in stationary lateral acceleration measured according to a change in driving speed of a train in an arbitrary curved portion and cant and curve radius obtained using Equations 6 and 7 below. It is shown.

Where asta is the measured normal acceleration, + is more than the cant, and-is the lack of cant, respectively.

The point at which the measured normal acceleration is converted from positive (+) to negative (-) is the equilibrium velocity at an arbitrary curve. The curve radius of the arbitrary curve portion can be calculated from Equation 6 using the normal acceleration and the calculated balance speed, and the cant of the laid line can be obtained using Equation 7 above.

The track data measuring apparatus of the railroad track according to the present invention as described above enables to accurately measure the rail track grade and the track design parameters in the curved portion, and by using the measured data, It can be used directly for braking performance and train dynamics analysis.

The above embodiments are the most preferred examples of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit thereof.

The present invention uses the acceleration sensor in the front and rear and left and right directions and the speed sensor installed in the axle to install the line data such as the gradient of the railway track on which the train runs, the radius of curvature at the curved portion, the balance speed, and the cant amount. There is an effect that can be measured simply.

In addition, the present invention, there is an effect that can be used directly, such as the running performance, braking performance, train dynamic characteristics analysis of the train using the measured line data.

In addition, the present invention has the effect that it is possible to obtain a variety of track data necessary for the design of the railway track by measuring the speed and acceleration in the driving route without using a dedicated detection car.

Claims (6)

Sensor unit for measuring the speed and acceleration of the railway vehicle; A signal conditioner unit for converting the sensing signal of the sensor unit; And And a data processing unit for calculating a gradient of the railway track and a track design variable in the curved unit based on the signal processed by the signal conditioner unit and the vehicle load data. 2. The method of claim 1, The track design parameter of the track portion, the track data measuring device of the railway line, characterized in that the cant amount, the radius of the curve and the balance speed. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The sensor unit, Front and rear acceleration sensor for measuring the acceleration in the front and rear direction of the train; Left and right acceleration sensor for measuring the acceleration in the left and right direction of the train; And A track data measuring device for a railway track, comprising: a speed sensor for measuring a speed of a train. The method of claim 3, wherein The signal conditioner unit, An amplifier for amplifying and outputting the sensing signal of the front, rear, left and right acceleration sensors; And an F / V converter converting the measured signal of the speed sensor into a voltage signal and outputting the converted voltage signal. The method of claim 4, wherein The data processing unit, An A / D converter for converting the signal output from the F / V converter into digital; A counter for converting the sensing signal of the speed sensor into a train position signal and outputting the train signal; And And a microprocessor configured to calculate a gradient and track design parameters of the railroad tracks using data output from the A / D converter and the counter and a predetermined body load. Device. The method of claim 3, wherein The left and right direction acceleration sensor, An railroad track data measuring device, characterized in that it is an accelerometer capable of measuring an acceleration of less than 1 Hz.

Images