KR20070066248A - Ladle preheating system with a oxygen separating device - Google Patents

Ladle preheating system with a oxygen separating device Download PDF

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KR20070066248A
KR20070066248A KR1020050127184A KR20050127184A KR20070066248A KR 20070066248 A KR20070066248 A KR 20070066248A KR 1020050127184 A KR1020050127184 A KR 1020050127184A KR 20050127184 A KR20050127184 A KR 20050127184A KR 20070066248 A KR20070066248 A KR 20070066248A
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ladle
oxygen
heater
air
supplied
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KR1020050127184A
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Korean (ko)
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KR101005992B1 (en
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조한창
조길원
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재단법인 포항산업과학연구원
주식회사 케너텍
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/005—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like with heating or cooling means
    • B22D41/01—Heating means
    • B22D41/015—Heating means with external heating, i.e. the heat source not being a part of the ladle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/14—Machines with evacuated die cavity
    • B22D17/145—Venting means therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D46/00—Controlling, supervising, not restricted to casting covered by a single main group, e.g. for safety reasons

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

A ladle heating system with oxygen separators is provided to improve thermal efficiency of a ladle heater such as a burner and reduce a ladle heating time, thereby reduce the consumption of fuel by separating oxygen from high temperature combustion flue gases generated in a ladle heating process using ceramic membranes, and using the separated oxygen together with air as an oxidizer. In a ladle heating system having a ladle cover(20) on which a ladle heater(30) such as a burner is installed to heat a ladle(10), a ladle heating system with oxygen separators comprises oxygen separators(70) which are installed on the ladle cover and have ceramic membranes(70a), wherein combustion flue gases(60) generated during heating of the ladle heater are sucked into the oxygen separators to preheat the ceramic membranes in the oxygen separators, air supplied into the oxygen separators passes through the preheated ceramic membranes to separate pure oxygen, and the separated oxygen(90) is supplied into the ladle heater. The ladle heating system controls an air-fuel ratio by measuring the amount of oxygen supplied from the oxygen separators to the ladle heater and controlling the opening degree of a control valve(110) according to the oxygen amount, thereby injecting air into the ladle heater accordingly.

Description

산소분리기를 갖춘 래들가열 시스템{LADLE PREHEATING SYSTEM WITH A OXYGEN SEPARATING DEVICE}Ladle heating system with oxygen separator {LADLE PREHEATING SYSTEM WITH A OXYGEN SEPARATING DEVICE}

도 1은 통상의 래들 가열 시스템.1 is a conventional ladle heating system.

도 2는 본 발명에 의한 래들가열 시스템.2 is a ladle heating system according to the present invention.

<도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: 래들(Ladle) 20: 래들커버10: Ladle 20: Ladle Cover

30: 래들 가열기(Ladle preheater) 40: 연료30: ladle preheater 40: fuel

50: 공기 60: 고온 배가스50: air 60: hot exhaust gas

70: 산소분리기 70a: 세라믹 막(Oxygen Transport Membrane) 70: Oxygen Separator 70a: Oxygen Transport Membrane

80: 저온 배가스 90: 순 산소80: low temperature flue gas 90: pure oxygen

100: 산소저감된 공기 110: 산소제어밸브100: oxygen reduced air 110: oxygen control valve

120: 흡입휀 130: 강압휀120: suction 휀 130: high pressure 휀

본 발명은 래들 가열 시스템에 관한 것으로서, 특히 연소 배가스의 배열회수가 이루어지지 않는 래들가열과정에서 발생하는 고온 연소 배가스를 이용하여 세라 믹 막을 고온 분위기로 만들고 이 막을 통해 공기가 순수한 산소로 분리되어 예열된 순순한 산소가 래들 가열기로 공급되게 하여 연소용 산화제로 이용하여 연소효율이 상승되고 연료가 저감되는 산소분리기를 갖춘 래들 가열 시스템에 관한 것이다. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ladle heating system. In particular, a ceramic membrane is made into a high temperature atmosphere by using a high temperature combustion flue gas generated in a ladle heating process in which combustion flue gas is not recovered. The air is separated into pure oxygen and preheated. The present invention relates to a ladle heating system having an oxygen separator in which purified pure oxygen is supplied to a ladle heater and used as an oxidant for combustion to increase combustion efficiency and reduce fuel.

래들(ladle)은 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, 철강 또는 비철금속을 생산하는 공정에서 쇳물(용강)을 담는 도가니로서 쇳물을 담는 용기로서, 쇳물을 담기 전에 고온으로 미리 가열하게 된다. 예를 들어 철강공정에서는 8-30시간에 걸쳐 1200oC로 가열한다. Ladle (ladle) is a crucible containing the molten steel (molten steel) in the process of producing steel or non-ferrous metal, as shown in Figure 1, the vessel containing the molten metal, it is preheated to a high temperature before the molten metal. For example, in the steel process it is heated to 1200 o C over 8-30 hours.

그러나, 래들은 고온의 쇳물을 담는 것이므로 래들 내의 내화물이 자주 파손되어 내화물의 수리, 보수가 잦으며 내화물 양생과 가열을 동시에 하는 경우가 많이 있어 가열시간을 무작정 단축하는 것이 곤란하였다. However, since the ladle contains hot water, the refractory in the ladle is frequently broken, so that the refractory is frequently repaired and repaired, and the refractory curing and heating are frequently performed.

일반적으로 래들(1)은 래들커버(3)에 부착된 버너와 같은 래들 가열기(3)를 통해 가열되고, 래들(1)이 소정 온도로 완전히 가열되면 래들커버(2)가 래들(1)에서 탈착되어 제거된다. 이에 따라 래들(1)과 래들커버(3)를 완전히 밀착시키지 못하고 래들(1) 내의 압력제어를 위해 래들(1)과 래들커버(3)와의 간격을 조정하여 연소가스(6)의 원활한 통풍을 유지시킨다. In general, the ladle 1 is heated through a ladle heater 3, such as a burner attached to the ladle cover 3, and when the ladle 1 is completely heated to a predetermined temperature, the ladle cover 2 is removed from the ladle 1 Desorbed and removed. Accordingly, the ladle 1 and the ladle cover 3 may not be brought into close contact with each other, and the gap between the ladle 1 and the ladle cover 3 may be adjusted for pressure control in the ladle 1 to smoothly vent the combustion gas 6. Keep it.

통상적으로 래들 가열 시스템에서 연소 배가스의 현열을 회수하지 않고 있어 낮은 열효율을 갖고 있으며, 최근에는 배열을 회수하는 재생기(recuperator)를 부착하여 배열을 회수하는 시스템 도입이 증가하고 있다. 또한 축열연소시스템이나 산소부화 연소시스템을 도입하여 높을 열효율을 갖는 래들가열 시스템이 도입되고 있다.In general, the ladle heating system does not recover the sensible heat of the combustion flue gas and thus has low thermal efficiency. In recent years, the introduction of a system for recovering the array by attaching a recuperator for recovering the array has been increased. In addition, a ladle heating system having a high thermal efficiency has been introduced by introducing a regenerative combustion system or an oxygen-enriched combustion system.

산소부화 연소는 공기에 산소를 첨가하여 산화제 내의 산소농도를 공기보다 높게 유지시켜 높은 화염온도를 유도하고 전열효과를 극대화하기 위한 연소방식으로서 50%(부피%)의 산소농도에서 통상 연소방식대비 30-40%의 연료절감이 가능하다고 알려져 있다. 따라서, 높은 산소제조 또는 구매단가에 의해 순산소 연소보다 경제성을 갖고 열효율 및 성능은 차이가 없어 선호되고 있다. Oxygen-enriched combustion is a combustion method that induces high flame temperature by maximizing the oxygen concentration in the oxidant by adding oxygen to the air, and maximizes the heat transfer effect compared to the normal combustion method at the oxygen concentration of 50% (vol%). It is known that fuel savings of -40% are possible. Therefore, it is more economical than pure oxygen combustion due to high oxygen production or purchase cost, and thermal efficiency and performance are not different.

산소제조방식은 심냉법(cryogenic), 진공흡착법(VPSA, Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsoption), 세라믹 막(ceramic membrane or OTM(Oxygen Transport Membrane)) 등이 있다. Oxygen production methods include cryogenic, vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA), ceramic membrane (Oxygen Transport Membrane) and the like.

심냉법은 대단위 설비에 유용하고, 진공흡착법은 소규모 설비에 경쟁력을 갖고 있다. 그리고 세라믹 막은 400~1000oC의 분위기에서 산소이온의 산화물질에 대한 선택적 통과율(전달률)이 높아지는 특성을 이용하여 산소분자를 분리시킨다. 산소의 분압차에 의해 세라믹 막을 통과하는 산소량이 결정된다. 즉 공기의 공급압력이 높을수록 높은 압력의 산소를 얻을 수 있다. 보일러 등에 세라믹 막을 이용한 산소부화 연소에 대한 개념도가 있다. 이들은 순산소를 얻어 개념적으로 연소시키는 방법을 제안하고 있다.Deep cooling is useful for large-scale installations, and vacuum adsorption is competitive for smaller installations. The ceramic membrane separates the oxygen molecules by using a characteristic of increasing the selective passage rate (transfer rate) of the oxygen ions to the oxide material in the atmosphere of 400 to 1000 ° C. The amount of oxygen passing through the ceramic film is determined by the partial pressure difference of oxygen. In other words, the higher the supply pressure of air, the higher the pressure of oxygen can be obtained. There is a conceptual diagram of an oxygen-enriched combustion using a ceramic membrane in a boiler or the like. They propose a method of obtaining pure oxygen and burning it conceptually.

본 발명은 연소 배가스의 배열회수가 이루어지지 않는 래들가열과정에서 고온 연소배가스를 이용하여 세라믹 막을 고온 분위기로 만들어 산소를 분리, 연소용 산화제로 이용하는 방안에 대한 것이다. The present invention relates to a method for separating oxygen and using oxygen as an oxidant for combustion by making a ceramic membrane at a high temperature atmosphere by using a high temperature combustion exhaust gas in a ladle heating process in which combustion exhaust gas is not arrayed.

본 발명은 래들가열과정에서 발생하는 고온 연소배가스를 세라믹 막을 이용하여 산소를 분리, 공기와 함께 산화제로 이용함으로써 버너와 같은 래들 가열기의 열효율을 향상시키고, 래들 가열시간을 단축시켜 연료를 저감하기 위한 방안에 대한 것이다. The present invention is to improve the thermal efficiency of the ladle heater, such as burner by reducing the fuel by reducing the fuel by ladle heating time by using the high temperature combustion flue gas generated in the ladle heating process by separating the oxygen by using a ceramic membrane, as an oxidant with air It's about the room.

본 발명은 도 2와 같이 래들(10)과 래들커버(20)로 구성된다. 래들커버(20)는 버너와 같은 래들 가열기(30)와, 세라믹 막이 들어 있는 산소분리기(70)가 래들의 양쪽에 1개씩 부착된다. 연료(40)는 래들 가열기(30)로 공급되고 강압휀(draft fan)(130)으로 가압된 공기(50)는 각각의 산소분리기(70)로 분리되어 공급된다. 또한 공기의 일부는 버너와 같은 래들 가열기(30)로 직접 공급될 수 있도록 제어밸브(control valve)(110)가 장착되어 있다. 래들 가열기(30)로 공급된 연료(40)와 공기가 연소되는 한편, 연소배가스(60)는 흡입휀(induction fan)(120)으로 산소분리기(70)에 흡입되어 산소분리기(70)에 공급된 공기를 예열함은 물론 그곳에 적재된 세라믹 막(70a)을 가열시킴으로써 산소 통과율을 증대시키게 된다. 이에 따라 연소 배가스(80)는 저온화되어 산소분리기(70)에서 배출되고, 분리된 산소(90)는 버너와 같은 래들 가열기(30)로 공급되어 연소용 산화제로 사용된다. 그리고, 산소가 없는 공기(100)는 산소분리기(70)에서 외기로 배출된다. The present invention is composed of a ladle 10 and a ladle cover 20 as shown in FIG. Ladle cover 20 is a ladle heater 30, such as a burner, and an oxygen separator 70 containing a ceramic film is attached to each of the ladle one by one. The fuel 40 is supplied to the ladle heater 30 and the air 50 pressurized by the draft fan 130 is separately supplied to each oxygen separator 70. A portion of the air is also equipped with a control valve 110 so that it can be supplied directly to the ladle heater 30, such as a burner. The fuel 40 and air supplied to the ladle heater 30 are burned, while the combustion exhaust gas 60 is sucked into the oxygen separator 70 by an induction fan 120 and supplied to the oxygen separator 70. In addition to preheating the air, the oxygen passing rate is increased by heating the ceramic film 70a loaded therein. Accordingly, the combustion exhaust gas 80 is lowered and discharged from the oxygen separator 70, and the separated oxygen 90 is supplied to a ladle heater 30 such as a burner and used as an oxidant for combustion. In addition, the air 100 without oxygen is discharged to the outside air from the oxygen separator 70.

산소분리기(70)가 저온인 경우에는 강압휀(130)으로 공급되는 공기의 압력이 낮기 때문에 산소분리기(70)에서 분리된 산소(90)는 연료(40)를 연소시키기에 충분한 양이 되지 못한다. 이러한 경우를 대비하여 산소(90)의 유량을 측정하고 그 부족한 산소는 제어밸브(110)의 개도를 조절하여 공기(50)를 투입함으로써 공연비를 제어할 수 있도록 한다. When the oxygen separator 70 is at a low temperature, the oxygen 90 separated from the oxygen separator 70 may not be a sufficient amount to burn the fuel 40 because the pressure of the air supplied to the stepping pressure 130 is low. . In this case, the flow rate of the oxygen 90 is measured, and the insufficient amount of oxygen allows the air / fuel ratio to be controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the control valve 110 to inject the air 50.

분리 공급되는 산소(90)는 래들 가열기(30) 내의 공기노즐(도시되지 않음)을 같이 사용하지 않고 별도의 노즐(도시되지 않음)을 통해 고속으로 분사할 수 있도록 구축한다.The oxygen 90 to be supplied separately is constructed to be sprayed at a high speed through a separate nozzle (not shown) without using an air nozzle (not shown) in the ladle heater 30 together.

산소분리기(70)는 전형적인 쉘 튜브(shell & tube)형으로 구성되는데, 중심부에 세라믹 막(70a)이 설치되고 여러 개의 배플(baffle)(도시되지 않음)이 설치될 수 있다. 산소분리기(70)에 튜브(도시되지 않음)를 통해 연소배가스(120)가 공급되도록 하고 산소분리기(70)에 다수의 휜(fin)(도시되지 않음)을 부착하여 산소분리기(70)내의 열전달을 촉진시키도록 한다. 산소분리기(70)로 공급되는 공기는 산소분리기(70)의 본체(71)측 상단으로 공급되고 여러 개의 배플(도시되지 않음)을 구성함으로써 산소투과시간이 충분하도록 한다. 세라믹 막(70a)을 투과한 산소는 산소분리기(70) 하단에 저장되고 이곳에서 버너와 같은 래들 가열기(30)로 가압되어 공급된다.Oxygen separator 70 is of a typical shell & tube type, where a ceramic membrane 70a is installed in the center and several baffles (not shown) can be installed. The exhaust gas 120 is supplied to the oxygen separator 70 through a tube (not shown), and a plurality of fins (not shown) are attached to the oxygen separator 70 to transfer heat in the oxygen separator 70. To promote it. The air supplied to the oxygen separator 70 is supplied to the upper end of the body 71 side of the oxygen separator 70 and constitutes a plurality of baffles (not shown) so that the oxygen permeation time is sufficient. Oxygen that has passed through the ceramic membrane 70a is stored at the bottom of the oxygen separator 70 and is pressurized and supplied to a ladle heater 30 such as a burner.

래들 연소배가스의 열원을 이용하여 세라믹 막을 가열하여 사용함으로써 산소제조 비용을 저감할 수 있다. 또한 분리된 산소가 고온으로 예열되어 버너와 같은 래들 가열기로 공급됨으로써 연소배가스의 배열을 충분히 이용하여 산소를 가열 하여 래들 가열기의 열효율을 충분히 높일 수 있다. Oxygen production cost can be reduced by heating and using a ceramic film | membrane using the heat source of a ladle combustion flue gas. In addition, the separated oxygen is preheated to a high temperature and supplied to a ladle heater such as a burner to sufficiently heat the oxygen using the arrangement of the combustion exhaust gas to sufficiently increase the thermal efficiency of the ladle heater.

대기의 저온부터 1200oC의 고온으로 가열함으로써 가열과정이 종결되는 래들의 경우에 저온시 공기를 그대로 산화제로 이용하게 되고 래들이 가열되어 고온화되는 과정에서 산소분리기가 점점 더 효율화됨으로써 산화제내 산소부화율을 높일 수 있다. 즉 점차 높은 화염온도를 얻을 수 있어 가열시간을 효율적으로 단축시킬 수 있는 효과를 갖는다.In the case of ladle where the heating process is terminated by heating from low temperature to 1200 o C Can increase. That is, it is possible to obtain a gradually higher flame temperature has the effect of shortening the heating time efficiently.

Claims (2)

래들을 가열하기 위해 버너와 같은 래들 가열기가 설치된 래들커버를 갖는 래들가열 시스템에 있어서,A ladle heating system having a ladle cover installed with a ladle heater such as a burner for heating the ladle, 래들커버에 세라믹 막(ceramic membrane or oxygen transport membrane)을 갖춘 산소분리기를 설치하고, Install an oxygen separator equipped with a ceramic membrane (ceramic membrane or oxygen transport membrane) on the ladle cover, 래들 가열기로 가열시 발생되는 연소배가스를 산소분리기로 흡입하여 산소분리기 내의 세라믹 막을 예열시키고, 산소분리기로 공급된 공기가 예열된 세라믹 막을 통과하여 순수한 산소로 분리되고, 분리된 산소는 래들 가열기로 공급되는 것을 특징으로 하는 산소분리기를 갖춘 래들 가열 시스템.The combustion exhaust gas generated by heating the ladle heater is sucked into the oxygen separator to preheat the ceramic membrane in the oxygen separator, and the air supplied to the oxygen separator passes through the preheated ceramic membrane to be separated into pure oxygen, and the separated oxygen is supplied to the ladle heater. Ladle heating system having an oxygen separator, characterized in that. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 산소분리기에서 래들 가열기로 공급되는 산소량을 측정하고, 산소량에 따라 제어밸브의 개도를 조절하여 공기를 투입함으로써 공연비를 제어하는 것을 특징으로 하는 산소분리기를 갖춘 래들 가열 시스템.A ladle heating system having an oxygen separator, characterized by measuring the amount of oxygen supplied from the oxygen separator to the ladle heater, and controlling the air-fuel ratio by adjusting the opening degree of the control valve according to the amount of oxygen.
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KR101597590B1 (en) 2014-10-31 2016-02-25 주식회사 포스코 Apparatus for preheating ladle
CN106111963A (en) * 2016-07-18 2016-11-16 嘉善鑫海精密铸件有限公司 A kind of pre-anti-oxidation treatment device of molten iron
CN114951623A (en) * 2022-06-28 2022-08-30 东北大学 Pure oxygen combustion-supporting premixing ladle baking device and method

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JPS58205671A (en) 1982-05-24 1983-11-30 Japan Metals & Chem Co Ltd Method and device for drying or preheating receiving ladle
JPS6160261A (en) 1984-08-30 1986-03-27 Kawasaki Steel Corp Ladle heating device
JPH11239862A (en) 1998-12-16 1999-09-07 Nkk Corp Method for drying and heating ladle and device therefor
KR100431436B1 (en) 1999-12-21 2004-05-14 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 High Efficient Heating System of Ladle

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KR101597590B1 (en) 2014-10-31 2016-02-25 주식회사 포스코 Apparatus for preheating ladle
CN104625038A (en) * 2015-02-06 2015-05-20 边仁杰 Charcoal-burning tank roasting device
CN106111963A (en) * 2016-07-18 2016-11-16 嘉善鑫海精密铸件有限公司 A kind of pre-anti-oxidation treatment device of molten iron
CN106111963B (en) * 2016-07-18 2018-04-27 嘉善鑫海精密铸件有限公司 A kind of pre- anti-oxidation treatment device of molten iron
CN114951623A (en) * 2022-06-28 2022-08-30 东北大学 Pure oxygen combustion-supporting premixing ladle baking device and method

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