KR20070022388A - Clad alloy substrates and method for making same - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of producing a clad product, the method provides a welded assembly comprising a cladding material disposed on a substrate material, a substrate material individually selected from an alloy, and a cladding material, wherein the welded assembly is provided within the welded assembly. At least one edge of the cladding material does not extend to the first edge of the substrate material and thus provides a margin between the first edges, the material being margin and cladding that is an alloy having a higher hot strength than the cladding material. Near the first edge of the material, hot rolling the welded assembly to provide a hot rolled band, and the material in the margin allows the cladding material to edge over the substrate material during hot rolling. It is a method for producing a clad product, characterized in that it prevents the spread.

Description

Clad alloy substrate and its manufacturing method {CLAD ALLOY SUBSTRATES AND METHOD FOR MAKING SAME}

This disclosure relates to a clad alloy substrate and a method of making the clad material. The present disclosure also relates to articles of manufacture consisting of or comprising cladding and methods of making such articles.

Clad alloys are used in certain applications that require materials that combine corrosion resistance and high strength. One common example of a clad alloy with adequate strength and corrosion resistance includes a stainless steel layer clad on the opposite surface along with a nickel or nickel-based alloy (ie, alloy consisting primarily of nickel) layer. Applications where such clad materials are used include chemical cisterns, flue gas conduits, batteries, tubing materials, heat exchangers, piping for oil and gas, tanks for chemicals and cookware. While the nickel or nickel-based cladding layer withstands corrosion under the required conditions, the stainless steel layer provides a relatively high force. The use of nickel double clad stainless steel of this type also has the advantage that it is less expensive than certain high-alloy super austenitic stainless steels and nickel-based alloys that provide similar corrosion resistance.

The cladding process involves cladding the substrate material with either a single cladding layer or a cladding layer on each opposing surface of the substrate. The process used to create the cladding should sufficiently bond one (single clad) or two (double clad) cladding layers to the substrate to prevent the cladding layer from cracking in use. Several cladding methods are known.

One known method for producing clad stainless steel is described in US Pat. No. 4,936,504. In particular, the '504 patent describes a method of cladding stainless steel and various materials including copper, nickel and invar (iron-36% nickel alloy). In general, the '504 patent describes how a stainless steel substrate and a sheet of cladding material are laminated together and then rolled into a rigid coil. The coil is heated in a high temperature vacuum furnace for an extended period of time, so that diffusion joins the sheet of cladding material to the stainless steel sheet. Significant energy is needed to operate the vacuum furnace equipment and maintain the coil at elevated temperature for an extended period of time when the method of the '504 patent is performed, which adds significantly to the cost of completing the clad material.

U.S. Patent No. 5,183,198 discloses that stainless steel or nickel alloy is 0.020-0.06% carbon, 0.5% or less silicon, 1.0-1.8% manganese, 0.03% or less phosphorus, 0.005% or less sulfur , Describes a method for producing a clad steel plate clad over an iron-based substrate comprising 0.08-0.15% niobium, 0.005-0.03% titanium, 0.05% or less aluminum and 0.002-0.006% nitrogen. . (All percentages here are by weight unless otherwise indicated.) The slab of cladding material and substrate material is rolled into a plate of defined thickness. After smoothing, cleaning and degreasing all contact surfaces of the plate, the assembly slab is prepared by sandwiching a plate of iron-based substrate material between two plates of cladding material. The perimeter of the assembled plate is then sealed-welded and a vacuum pump is used to remove air between the contact surfaces of the plate. The assembly slab is then heated in the range of 1100-1250 ° F. to form the clad product through one or more rolling and cooling steps to attach the material. In contrast to the '504 patent, which uses a vacuum furnace as described above, the '98 patent only allows vacuum to be created in the space between the cladding material and the opposite surface of the substrate material.

In another known method of producing clad material known as explosive cladding, the controlled energy of explosive explosives is used to make metal bonds between two or more similar or different materials. Explosion cladding is a cold pressure process in which the contaminant surface film on the bonded material is plastically ejected away from the base metal as a result of the high pressure impact of the two metals. While the metal plates collide at high speeds, contaminant surface films that are harmful to the jets are formed between the plates and form metal bonds are erased in the jets. The metal plate whose film surface has been cleaned by the jetting action is bonded at an internal point under the influence of the very high pressure obtained near the point of impact. Previous patents acquired in this field are US Pat. Nos. 3,233,312, 3,397,444 and 3,493,353.

Each of the above known cladding methods requires the use of a vacuum device or other complex equipment. In addition, the cladding method of the '504 patent, for example, is limited to the production of relatively thin gauge coil products, and hot and cold rolling with separated substrate and cladding material is performed to form a sheet prior to the cladding operation. Should be. The process for explosive cladding is typically expensive, labor intensive, requires the use of hazardous explosive materials, and can result in a non-uniform wavy interface between the substrate and the cladding layer that may not be appropriate for certain applications. .

Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide an alternative method for cladding cladding stainless steel and other materials with alloy cladding materials. This alternative method does not require the use of a vacuum furnace, explosion cladding equipment or other complex production equipment.

One feature of the invention is a novel method of producing clad products from substrate materials and clad materials, wherein both the substrate material and the cladding material are alloys. The method includes gathering the substrate and cladding material, welding together to provide what is referred to herein as a “welded assembly,” and then hot rolling the welded assembly to provide a hot rolling band. The welded assembly may be formed by placing the cladding material over the substrate material such that at least the first edge of the cladding material does not extend to the first edge of the substrate material, thereby forming margins between adjacent first edges. An alloy of hot strength greater than the cladding material is placed in the margin and near the first edge of the cladding material. The material disposed within the margin prevents the cladding material from spreading over the substrate material in a hot rolling operation.

In a particular embodiment of the aforementioned method of the invention, the cladding material and the substrate material are present in a welding assembly in the form of a separate plate and the margin is between the first edge of the plate of the cladding material and the adjacent first edge of the plate of the substrate material. Confined to space. In this embodiment, the material having a higher hot strength than the cladding material is the substrate material itself and in this case, the plate of cladding material is disposed in a recess formed in the surface of the plate of the substrate material of the substrate material so that the protruding portion of the substrate material is formed. Define one or more walls of the recess and adjoin the margin and the first edge of the plate of cladding material. The recess may be formed in the surface of the plate of substrate material using any conventional technique, such as machining, for example, to remove material from the plate surface or to cast the plate to include the recess.

In certain other embodiments according to the method of the present invention, at least one setting element composed of an alloy having a hot strength less than the cladding material comprises a plate of cladding material in the margin between the first edge and the first edge of the plate of substrate material. Is positioned on a plate of substrate material near the first edge of the substrate.

It is contemplated that the method of the present invention can be used with a wide variety of combinations of substrate materials and cladding materials. As a non-limiting example, the substrate material may be stainless steel (eg, T-316L stainless steel) or carbon steel.

In general, useful cladding materials should not dissolve at hot operating temperatures, and also preferably have similar hot working capabilities in the hot rolling temperature range as substrate materials. Non-limiting examples of possible cladding materials include nickel (including residual impurities), nickel-based alloys, stainless steel, and copper and copper alloys. Possible nickel cladding materials include commercially pure refined nickel classified under the UNS designation N02200 and the UNS designation N02201 available from Allegheny Ludlum, Pittsburgh Pa. As AL 200.TM alloys and AL 201.TM alloys, respectively. The nickel differs only in terms of the maximum carbon levels allowed with the regulations, 0.15 weight percent carbon for AL 200.TM and 0.02 weight percent carbon for AL 201.TM. In addition, each of the two nickels has the following conventional configurations in weight percent: 0.02 copper, 0.05 iron, 0.02 manganese, 0.05 silicon, 0.002 sulfur and balanced nickel + cobalt.

Certain embodiments of the method according to the invention further comprise annealing the hot rolled bands formed by hot rolling the welded assembly and cold rolling the hot rolled bands to provide a clad strip having an intended gauge. . In certain embodiments, cold rolling the hot rolled band includes two or more separate cold rolling steps and the cold rolled strip may be intermediate annealed between successive cold rolling steps to relieve stress in the material as well. Can be. For example, one or more of the annealing steps may be a conventional annealing or bright annealing step. Other steps may be performed as known in the metalworking art to provide a clad strip in the shape and properties intended.

In this embodiment of the method according to the invention, the material in the margin is not a protruding portion of the substrate material, and the set material formed in the margin may be composed of an alloy having a higher hot strength than the cladding material and applied to the welded assembly. It is suitable for the process steps that are made. For example, when applying an embodiment of the method according to the invention to a substrate consisting of T-316L stainless steel and nickel cladding material, the set material may be T-304L stainless steel.

In a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention, the welding of the joined assembly takes place in a substantially enclosed space formed between the cladding material and the substrate material in the welded assembly. In such cases, the method may include venting air from the enclosed space between the cladding material and the substrate material prior to hot rolling the welded assembly.

The method of the present invention is useful for providing a single clad or multiple clad metal plate substrate material. One non-limiting application of the method may be for the production of double clad metal plate articles, where the cladding layers may be the same or different materials. Clad articles can be designed to exhibit advantageous properties imparted by the substrate material and one or more cladding materials. For example, nickel double clad stainless steel strips can exhibit good strength properties by stainless steel core materials and good corrosion resistance imparted by nickel cladding layers.

Another feature of the invention relates to a new method of manufacturing clad stainless steel wherein the method comprises a hot rolled welding assembly for producing a hot rolled band. The welded assembly is formed by placing a plate of alloy cladding material on a stainless steel plate, where at least the first edge of the plate of cladding material does not reach the first edge of the stainless steel plate, thereby providing margin over the stainless steel plate. . At least one setting element is provided at the margin near the first edge of the plate of the cladding material and the plate of the cladding material and the stainless steel plate are welded to the setting element. The setting element is an alloy having a greater hot strength than the cladding material. During hot rolling the set element prevents the cladding material from spreading over the stainless steel. The method optionally further includes annealing the hot rolled band and cold rolling the hot rolled band in one or multiple steps to provide a clad strip having the desired gauge.

The stainless steel plate and the plate of cladding material may be constructed of any suitable stainless steel type. As a non-limiting example and in the embodiments described above, the stainless steel plate can be made of T-316L, T-316, T-304L or T-304 stainless steel or any other austenitic stainless steel, and the cladding material is nickel , Nickel alloys, copper, copper alloys or stainless steel. The setting element is selected in part based on the required hot strength taking into account the hot strength of the cladding material. Non-limiting examples of possible setting element materials include T-316L stainless steel, T-304 stainless steel or any austenitic stainless steel, nickel-based superalloys and cobalt-based superalloys. More generally, suitable setting materials are free from stresses, including those having greater hot strength than cladding materials that can be hot worked at the hot rolling temperatures used and having coefficients of thermal expansion similar to those of other materials in the welded assembly. Weld failure does not occur.

In certain embodiments, the plates of cladding material each have a length and width less than the length and width of the plate of substrate material. The plate of cladding material is placed on the surface of the stainless steel plate such that the cladding material is spaced from the edge of the stainless steel plate and the margin is widened around the entirety of the stainless steel plate. One or more setting elements are arranged at a margin around the entirety of the plate of cladding material.

As described above, the method of the present invention can be applied to produce multiple clad products, such as double clad products. If the product is a double clad product, the welded assembly may be provided by placing each plate of alloy cladding material on the opposite surface of the plate of substrate material, such as stainless steel. The plates are arranged such that at least each first edge of the plate of cladding material does not reach the first edge of the stainless steel plate, so that a margin is formed on each of each opposing surface of the stainless steel plate. One or more set-up elements consisting of an alloy having a higher hot strength than the cladding material are formed near the first edge of each plate of cladding material and within the margins. Each plate of the cladding material and the stainless steel plate are welded to the setting element.

Another feature of the invention relates to a method of producing clad stainless steel, the method comprising hot rolling a welded assembly to provide a hot rolled band. The welded assembly includes a stainless steel plate welded to a plate of cladding material that is an alloy. The protruding portion of the stainless steel plate defines the recess and the plate of cladding material is disposed in the recess on the surface of the stainless steel plate so as to surround the peripheral edge of the plate of the cladding material. The protrusion of the stainless steel plate prevents the cladding material from spreading over the edge of the stainless steel during hot rolling. The method further includes annealing the hot rolled band and cold rolling the hot rolled band into a clad strip having an intended gauge. In this embodiment, the method is applied to produce a double clad product and the welded assembly comprises two plates of alloy cladding material. The protruding portion of the stainless steel plate of each opposing surface of the stainless steel plate defines a recess of a specific surface of the stainless steel plate, and each plate of the cladding material to surround the peripheral edge of the plate of the cladding material disposed in the recess. Is placed in a recess on each opposing surface of the stainless steel plate.

Another feature of the invention relates to a method of making a double clad stainless steel strip. The protruding margin of each opposing surface of the stainless steel plate defines a recess of the surface, and the method recesses the recess of each opposing surface of the stainless steel plate so as to surround the peripheral edge of the plate of cladding material within the recess. Forming a welded assembly according to a process comprising disposing a plate of cladding material selected from nickel and a nickel alloy within. Each plate of cladding material is welded to the adjacent protruding margin of the stainless steel plate. The welded assembly is hot rolled to the hot rolled band and the protruding margin of the stainless steel plate prevents the cladding material in the recess from spreading over the stainless steel while hot rolling. The hot rolled band may then be cold rolled to the intended gauge.

The present invention is to provide a clad product and to manufacture a clad product by the novel method described in the present invention. For example, preparations that can be made by the process include chemical cisterns, flue gas conduits, batteries, tubing materials, heat exchangers, piping for oil and gas, tanks and cooking utensils for chemicals. do.

Another feature of the invention relates to a welded assembly made as described herein and useful for making clad products.

The new method of the present invention for providing clad strips and other clad products does not require the use of vacuum furnaces or explosion cladding equipment. As such, the method provides advantages related to complexity and cost advantages over the prior art processes described in the background above. It will be understood that the details and advantages of the present invention will be understood in light of the following detailed description of the embodiments, and that the advantages of the present invention over making or using a method or apparatus fall within the scope of the present invention.

1 is a diagram of one embodiment of a method of producing a clad product of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of one embodiment of a welding assembly according to the present disclosure wherein the assembly includes a plate of substrate material, a plate of clothing material, and a number of framing elements.

3 is a plan view of another embodiment of a welding assembly according to the present disclosure in which the assembly includes a plate of substrate material normalized to include a recess and an edge frame.

4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of Y-Y through the assembly of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of X-X through the assembly of FIG. 2 for a gauge suitable for cold rolling after hot rolling. FIG.

6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of Y-Y through the assembly of FIG. 3 for a gauge suitable for cold rolling after hot rolling.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the hot rolled welding assembly of FIG. 5 after trimming of the edge including the welding and setting elements. FIG.

8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the final clad product made by the embodiment of FIG. 1.

9 is a photograph of an embodiment of an assembly constructed according to a method embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a photograph of the assembly of FIG. 9 featuring the assembly elements welded together to provide a welding assembly.

11A and 11B are micrographs of the interface region of the clad layer of the weld assembly of FIG. 10 after hot rolling with the bonded substrate.

12 is a photograph of a hot rolling band portion produced by a method embodiment of the present disclosure.

13 is a photograph of another embodiment of an assembly constructed according to a method embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a photograph of the assembly of FIG. 13 characterized in that the assembly elements are welded together to provide a welded assembly.

15 is a further embodiment of a welded assembly constructed according to the method embodiments of the present disclosure.

16 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a core plate for assembly according to the present disclosure.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method of cladding one or more surfaces of an alloy substrate having an alloy cladding material. The invention of the present disclosure is particularly useful when one or more of the cladding materials has more hot strength than the substrate material.

Embodiments of the method may be performed using welding, hot rolling, cold rolling, and annealing techniques and equipment known to those skilled in the metallurgy art, but the method may employ clad alloys. Includes features not used to produce For example, embodiments use a new technique that includes the spread of low hot-strength cladding material during hot rolling.

As depicted below, certain embodiments of the disclosed methods include providing a welded assembly comprising a substrate and a plate of cladding material, such that one or more plates of the cladding material are It is framed with a material with a higher hot-strength. The welded assembly requires a suitable combination of advancing steps, including hot rolling, cold rolling and optionally annealing, in order to adhere the cladding material to the substrate material and obtain the desired dimensions and metallurgical mechanical properties in the clad production. Shall be. The material framing the cladding material during hot rolling prevents the cladding material from spreading over the substrate material, keeping the cladding material in place and maintaining the desired range of material thickness during hot rolling. Thus, proper framing of the cladding material around the substrate material may provide a high level of dimensional control, such that the final clad product meets the required dimensional properties.

As used herein, “alloy” means a metal that includes pure metals and intentional additions of accidental impurities or / and metals and / or nonmetals.

As used herein, the term “plate” generally refers to a structure that has a polygonal or straight line perimeter, has length and width dimensions, and includes relatively small thickness dimensions.

As used herein, “hot strength” refers to the yield strength of a material at hot rolling temperatures (eg, typical 1700 to 2400 ° F. for rolling nickel-clad stainless steel).

One embodiment of the method of the present invention generally includes the steps shown in FIG. This step provides a welded assembly suitable for producing a desired clad product; Applying pressure to the clad pack by rolling the pack at elevated temperature to bond (load) the various plates in the clad pack at the interface; Reducing the thickness of the intermediate gauge cladding material to the last desired gauge; And optionally annealing the product to achieve the desired metallurgical and mechanical properties. The steps are described in more detail below.

In the first step of the method of FIG. 1, a plate or other shape of the cladding alloy and one or more plates or other shapes of the cladding material (the cladding material plate / shape may be the same or different material) are joined together. It is assembled and welded to form a stacked arrangement that is welded. Such a welding arrangement is referred to herein as a “welded assembly” as in the case of reference. As shown in FIG. 2, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, for example to produce a double-clad nickel / stainless steel / nickel product, the assembly 10 is a first thin gauge plate 14 type 201. It is formed by positioning of a plate 12 composed of type 316L stainless steel (UNS S31603) ("T-316L") between nickel (UNS N02201) and a second identical plate (not shown). The length ("L") and width ("W") surface dimensions of the nickel plate 14 are smaller than the corresponding dimensions of the stainless steel plate 12, so that type 304 stainless steel (UNS S30400) ("T-304") A “frame” consisting of several lengths of bar stock 16 can each be located around the nickel plate 14. The framing material has a higher hot strength than the hot strength of the cladding material. The stainless steel bar stock 16 generally has the same thickness as the nickel plate 14, lies directly against each of the four sides of the nickel plate 14 and is based directly on the opposite surface of the stainless steel plate 12. Each bar stock 16 element is selected such that the outer edges are aligned with the outer edges of the stainless steel plate 12 substantially evenly, and the bar stock 16 widths are nickel clad with the hot strength of the framing material. water It is chosen to contain a nickel material that is greater than the hot strength of the vagina and softer during the heating process.

After the various elements of the assembly 10 have been assembled, the assemblies are arc welded together perfectly around two exposed seams on each side of the pack using stainless steel welding filler material. The first seam 20 is equally present on both sides of the clad pack 10 (one side shown in FIG. 2) between the nickel plate 14 and the surrounding stainless steel bar stock 16. The second seam 22, which is a peripheral seam between the stainless steel plate 12 and the stainless steel bar 16, is also equally present on both sides of the clad pack. FIG. 2 schematically shows butt weld joints with square grooves for each of the seams. As is known in the art, the bevel may be standardized or otherwise formed on the edge of the element to be welded to assist in obtaining proper penetration of the weld metal. Also, although special ways or ways of welding the assembly are described in connection with the present embodiment, an appropriate way of welding may be used with the various elements of the assembly. For example, in certain embodiments, discontinuous welding may be used to connect one element of the assembly to another assembly that may reduce the costs associated with the welding step.

Once welded to the place, the forming stainless steel bar stock 16 prevents the spreading of the relatively lower hot-strength nickel cladding material beyond the stainless steel substrate material during hot rolling. This helps to position the cladding material in the proper position and to maintain the desired thickness ratio of the stainless steel core layer and the nickel cladding layer throughout the production process. Although the setter in this example is within the shape of the stainless steel bar stock, the setter has a greater hot strength than the nickel cladding material and any alternating suitable for preventing the cladding material from spreading over the substrate material during hot rolling. It is understood that it may be an alternate substance.

3 shows a plan view of an alternate structure of a welded assembly 110 according to the present invention. 4 shows a cross-sectional view taken on the Y-Y line through the assembly 110 of FIG. 3. T-316L stainless steel plate 112 is partially sandwiched between nickel cladding plates 114, which may be composed of, for example, UNS N02201 nickel. The stainless steel plate 112 is standardized or susceptible to another material removal process or is cast or forged to include an edge frame 116 protruding on both sides of the stainless steel plate 112. The frame limits a recess having a dimension suitable for receiving the nickel plate 114. It is understood that FIG. 4 shows two nickel cladding plates 114 in place in a recess on the opposite surface of the stainless steel plate 112 defined by the frame 116. Frame 116 is a protruding portion of stainless steel plate 112 and frames the perimeter of each stainless steel plate 112. The seams between nickel plate 114 and stainless steel frame 116, including seams 118, are welded using stainless steel filler wire. Since the T-316L stainless steel core material contributes to the frame action around the cladding material, the weld assembly structure has the advantage that no bar stock or other setting elements are required. In addition, the alternate structure requires less welding than the structure of FIG.

In the second step of the method of FIG. 1, the welded assembly is heated to a high temperature and compressed by hot rolling to an intermediate gauge to form a hot rolling band or strip. Hot rolling causes three plates to be welded together with the interface in the welded assembly shown in FIGS. For example, the welded assembly 10 of FIG. 2 may be heated with appropriately hot air in a standard furnace and may be rolled immediately on a standard hot rolling machine used for steel production. In one embodiment, the heated assembly 10 is rolled back and forth on a reversing machine until the temperature is lowered to the point where it can no longer be rolled in this manner. If necessary, the compressed and extended assembly 10 may be heated again to a high temperature or hot rolled on a reverse machine until it further reduces the gauge. A series of reheating steps and hot rolling may be used until the thickness of the clad pack is reduced to the desired thickness or to a thickness suitable for cold rolling.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross section taken at X-X through the welded assembly 10 of FIG. 2 to a suitable intermediate gauge after hot rolling. Hot rolling is performed by welding the stainless steel plate 12 and the nickel plate 14 of the weld assembly 10 to the nickel cladding layer 28 and the thinner gauge stainless steel core layer of the intermediate gauge product 20 shown in FIG. To 26). In FIG. 5, the stainless steel bar stock 16 is compressed to a thinner gauge stainless steel framing region 30, and the compressed weld region 32 is inserted between several layers. The interface of stainless steel and nickel material is shown in dashed lines in the schematic diagram of FIG. 5, as in FIGS. 6 and 7 described below.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken at Y-Y through the welding assembly 110 of FIG. 3 to a suitable intermediate gauge after hot rolling. The hot rolling is carried out using the stainless steel plate 112 and the nickel plate 114 of the welding assembly 110 with the nickel cladding layer 128 and the thinner gauge stainless steel core layer of the intermediate gauge product 120 shown in FIG. 126). The frame 116 of the stainless steel plate 112 compresses to a thinner gauge stainless steel framing area 130, and the compressed weld area 132 is a stainless steel with nickel cladding layer 126 on both surfaces of the clad product. It is inserted between the framing regions 130.

One piece of mediated gauge clad material shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can be trimmed to remove the edges and includes compressed stainless steel framing regions 30 and 130 and weld regions 32 and 132 respectively. . FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken at X-X through the welded assembly 10 of FIG. 2 after trimming to the intermediate gauge after hot rolling and at the trim line 40 shown in FIG. 5. Trimming leaves a nickel cladding layer 28 adhered with the preferred stainless steel core layer 26. It is evident that once the general arrangement element in the transverse cross-section of the intermediate gauge product 120 is trimmed, it is similar to the arrangement shown in FIG. 7.

Following trimming, the intermediate gauge product 20 of FIG. 7 may be annealed in the atmosphere or bright annealed to reduce stress. The opposite nickel surface 36 may be blasted and pickled to remove oxide scale and to provide the final gauge with suitable surface conditions for cold rolling. If the oxide rust is low, it is possible to pickle the material without blasting.

The third step of the method shown in FIG. 1 involves reducing the thickness of the intermediate gauge product formed in the previous step and, if desired, annealing to obtain the desired metallurgical and mechanical properties. One or more cold rolling sequences are used, each cold rolling sequence optionally followed by annealing the material to reduce stress and cold rolling the material to soften the material for the next cold rolling sequence. Include. If the material is annealed in the atmosphere during a special cold rolling sequence, it is necessary to pickle or blast and pickle the material to remove any oxide rust formed on the sequence before the next cold rolling sequence. If instead the material is annealed during a special cold rolling sequence in such an inert, non-oxidizing atmosphere such as a hydrogen atmosphere, the oxide rust on the material may be ignored and may not require blasting or pickling. The cold rolling sequence may be repeated until the material is reduced to the desired final gauge. The clad material may be susceptible to final annealing in hydrogen or other inert gases to achieve desirable metallurgical properties with a surface that is virtually free of oxide rust.

An end product formed using the method schematically depicted in FIG. 1 is a clad alloy substrate (e.g., on an opposite surface) having a material that exhibits desirable corrosion resistance and / or other desirable properties (such as nickel, for example). For example, T-316L stainless steel) is a sheet product containing clad. 8 is a schematic cross section of the final product 40, with the core stainless steel layer 42 sandwiched between the nickel cladding layers 44.

Although the method shown in FIG. 1 is an exemplary embodiment used to illustrate that it is desirable to produce a dual-clad product, the method of claim 1 is a single-clad product. Equally useful for producing ie, it is understood that the product is only clad on a single surface of the substrate material. Various schematic representations of FIGS. 2-8 are provided to better illustrate certain non-limiting embodiments of the methods of the present disclosure and depict the true relative dimensions of the various elements that may exist in a commercial-scale process. You may not. For example, the clothing layer thickness can be considerably thinner with respect to the substrate layer thickness in a substantial machine-scale process.

An important advantage of the embodiment of FIG. 1 is that the method does not require the use of a vacuum to roll the assembled material into a tight coil or to heat and bond the assembled material as used in the prior art methods mentioned in the background art above. It is not. Although the adhered material must be heated to a high temperature in the clothing method of the present disclosure, it is understood that the adhesion of the material during the cladding process is in fact the result of the high interface pressure achieved during the rolling. The embodiment of FIG. 1 also does not require the use of complex and expensive explosive bonding devices to bond various materials.

Although the above description and the examples below refer to or include the cladding of nickel on a stainless steel substrate, it is understood that the method of the present disclosure is not so limited. The method of FIG. 1, more generally the new method of the present disclosure, may be adapted to produce a variety of single- and multiple-clad alloy substrates. As also mentioned above, the method of the present disclosure is particularly useful for producing clad products, and the cladding material has a lower hot strength than the substrate material. When rolling a laminated plate of hot hot strength substrate material and a lower hot strength cladding material, the lower hot strength material may spread beyond the dimensions of the higher hot strength material during hot rolling of the assembled material. In this case, the higher hot strength material provided at the edge between the adjacent edges of the cladding material and the substrate material in the welded assembly of the method of the present disclosure is either part of the substrate material or the edge of the substrate material during hot rolling. Blocks spreading of excess cladding material.

General and non-limiting examples of clad products that can be produced using the method of the present invention include: clad plates, clad strips and clad sheets. The clad product may proceed to various items of manufacture. Also, if the above description and the following examples are directed to two-clad articles, the cladding layer is adhered to each of the opposite surfaces of the substrate, and the methods of the present disclosure may be suitable for producing single-clad and multi-clad articles. Such products may also be treated as manufactured items. As mentioned above, manufacturing article embodiments that may be made from single- and / or double-clog products made using the methods of the present disclosure include chemical cisterns, flue gas conduits, batteries, tubing materials, heat Exchangers, piping for oil and gas, tanks and cooking utensils for chemicals, but are not limited to the above examples. Other products and articles of manufacture that can be made using the methods of the present disclosure are apparent to those skilled in the metallurgy and manufacturing arts in view of the present description, and those skilled in the art may suitably adapt the methods of the present disclosure without inappropriate experimentation.

Far from the various substrates, clothing, and substrates, the absolute relative dimensions of framing the elements assembled into the welded assembly by the methods of the present disclosure are selected to provide a properly dimensioned final clad product. Specific non-limiting embodiments of the invention are as follows. The absolute relative dimensions of the various elements depicted in the following examples are chosen for a particular application and reflect some non-limiting examples of particular embodiments of the method. More generally, depending on the specifically intended application of the clad product, any of a wide range of final clad product thicknesses and thickness ratios can be produced in a manner similar to that used in the above description and in the following examples. Aspects studied during the following examples prevent the cladding layer from flowing to an undesired degree during hot rolling, adequately anneal the cladding and substrate layers during cold rolling, and overlying the cladding layer surface during annealing. Blasting capability and pickling practice to prevent the formation of scale and to remove undesirable rust before assembling the elements of the welded assembly.

Excuse me 1

The welded assembly is prepared to produce nickel double-clad stainless steel. The assembly consists of a 2 to 2.5 inch thick T-316L stainless steel plate sandwiched between 2.5 to 0.75 inch thick nickel (UNS 02201) plates. The length and width dimensions of the nickel cover plate are smaller than the stainless steel core plate and the nickel plate is centered on the surface of the stainless steel core plate. In this way, an edge is left around the periphery of each surface of the core plate which is not covered by a cover plate arranged on the surface. Frames consisting of 0.5 x 0.5 inch thick T-304 stainless steel bar stock are located on the periphery of each cover plate, on each surface of the core plate. The stainless steel frame flows beyond the edges of the core plate material to “dam” the lower hot strength (and therefore more fluid) nickel during hot rolling, and to reduce the overall assembly in thickness during hot rolling of the nickel material. The thickness of each plate is chosen so that a rolling device suitable for trial may adjust the overall assembly thickness.

The assembly is constructed and processed as follows. The two nickel cover plates are cut so that when the element is assembled a 0.5 inch gap is left between the edge of the element and the opposite edge of the T-304 stainless steel frame element. This is shown in the photograph of FIG. 9, where the assembly 210 is a T-316L stainless steel plate between T-304 stainless steel set-ups 216 with a 0.5 inch gap 218 around the cover plate 212. Nickel cover plate 212 arranged on 214. A 0.5 inch gap is provided to increase the penetration of weld metal during welding. Each set element 216 is a core plate 214 of an interface exposed between the elements operating around the assembly using a 1/16 inch diameter ER308 welding wire and 98% argon / 2% oxygen shielding gas. Metal inert gas (MIG). The set element 216 is also a 3/32 inch diameter INCO 92 ^TM MIG welding is made to each adjacent cover plate 212 by filling a 0.5 inch gap between the ERNiCrFe-6 welding wire and the above elements using 95% argon / 5% hydrogen shielding gas.

The welded assembly is heated to 2050 ° F. in the oven and hot rolled thinly from the first 3 inches to 0.401 inches. The assembly is not removed before hot rolling. The micrograph of the cross section of the hot rolled assembly as shown in FIGS. 11 (a) and (b) shows that both nickel / T-316L stainless steel interfaces are generally fully bonded with very clean interfaces. However, the occasional area of the nickel / T-316L stainless steel interface contains significant entrapped oxide rust. It is unclear whether the rust caught is engraved in the plate prior to hot rolling or is formed during hot rolling due to the presence of air in the welded assembly or because of the combination of the two elements.

The two parts are cut from the hot rolled clad pack assembly and heated again to the first part up to 2050 ° F and the second part up to 2200 ° F. Each reheated portion is hot rolled up to a first portion up to 0.142 inches and a second portion up to 0.125 inches. The hot rolling portion is trimmed to remove framing material and weld deposits, so the only material left is nickel / T-316L stainless steel / nickel laminate. Metallographic examination of the laminates is known that all layers remain well adhered.

The annealing study discussed below shows that the annealing at 1950 ° F. for 5 minutes is sufficient to soften the hot rolled portion for continuous cold rolling. Thus, a 0.142 inch thick 3 × 14 inch piece, the hot rolled double-clad material shown in FIG. 12, is annealed at 1950 ° F. for 5 minutes and then 0.013 inch using the following cold rolling / annealing sequence. Cold rolled to final gauge.

0.142 ″ → 0.078 ″ (45% reduction)

↓

Annealed in a 3 minute atmosphere at 1950 ° F., using a grit blast, 10% HNO ₃ After pickled with 2% HF

↓

0.078 ″ → 0.043 ″ (45% reduction)

↓

Annealed in a 3 minute atmosphere at 1950 ° F., using a grit blast, 10% HNO ₃ After pickled with 2% HF

↓

0.043 ″ → 0.024 ″ (45% reduction)

↓

Annealed in a 3 minute atmosphere at 1950 ° F., using a grit blast, 10% HNO ₃ After pickled with 2% HF

↓

0.024 ″ → 0.013 ″ (45% reduction)

Any single roll pass during cold rolling is limited to a reduction of about 0.005 inches in order to limit the stress and reduce the risk of delamination. No checked edges or stacked separations are observed during any cold rolling sequence. At surface conditions of 0.013 inch final gauge material, blast and pickle action may be used.

The thickness percentage of nickel cladding was welded in Example 1 above to assess how much nickel remained in the T-304 stainless steel framing and to determine if the formation of oxide rust consumed excessive amounts of nickel cladding during annealing. Measured for each stage of assembly. The nickel layer thickness is kept fairly constant from the initial amount (16.5% to 17% of the total assembly thickness per side) through the third cold rolling / annealing cycle. The nickel cladding layer becomes relatively thinner during the final cold rolling sequence and the final gauge material has a nickel cladding layer thickness of about 15% of the total clad product thickness per side.

Bright annealing of hydrogen may be used at atmospheric annealing sites to provide materials with final grain size and mechanical properties in the cold rolling series to avoid distortion on the material surface during blasting and pickling. have. To evaluate the use of bright annealing, the final gauge (0.013 inch) cold rolled material of each 1 × 1 inch specimen was reheated for 1,2, and 3 minutes at 1500 ° F., 1600 ° F., and 1700 ° F. temperatures, respectively. do. Bright annealing is shown to provide an acceptable rust-free surface on the double-clad sample. Metallography is performed on bright annealed samples to determine the microstructure resulting from the nine temperature-time combinations. The nickel layers on all nine samples look metallic histologically similar, and each layer is completely recrystallized, has noticeable grain growth, and has a grain size of about 7.5 to 8 using the ASTM comparison method. It is observed that only the samples that have been bright annealed at least 1600 ° F. for at least 2 minutes are completely recrystallized. The fully recrystallized stainless steel core layer has a grain size of approximately ASTM 11 and the bright annealed sample at 1700 ° F. for 3 minutes appears to have the most similar microstructure. The average Vickers microhardness of the T-316L core layer for the bright annealed sample is 178.

Considering the bright annealing results described above, the final gauge material, such as 3x12 inch pieces of cold-rolled, from this example is bright annealed at 1700 ° F. hydrogen for 3 minutes. Two tension test specimens are rolled from the material and the yield strength, ultimate tension and elongation are measured. Average test values for this property were 40.7 ksi, 86.6 ksi and 48.7%, respectively.

Excuse me 2

A welded assembly constructed as in Example 1 is prepared. Like the assembly of Example 1, a 0.5 inch gap is left between each nickel cover plate edge and the edge of the stainless steel framing material. In order to provide extra support for the lateral movement of the cover plate during rolling, but in order to allow space for the cladding material to flow, two short end dams are composed of setting elements, each of which is arranged in a row with respect to adjacent cover plates. Includes a 2.5 inch tab to align. The arrangement is shown in FIG. 13, which shows one surface of the assembly 310, in which the nickel plate 312 and the T-304 stainless steel setting elements 314, 316 are T-316L stainless steel. It is positioned on plate 318. The opposite setting element 314 includes a tab 320 fitted with an adjacent cover plate. Nickel cover plate and setting elements 314 and 316 are welded in place on stainless steel core plate 318 in a manner similar to the assembly of Example 1. The surface of the welded assembly is shown in FIG. 14.

In this embodiment the welded assembly is heated to 2050 ° F. and hot rolled from the first 3 inches thick to 0.400 inches. The assembly is not removed before hot rolling. Although one end of the hot rolled band includes a thin region of lamination between the nickel and stainless steel core material, the metallographic analysis performed on the hot rolled material shows a nickel / T-316L stainless steel interface. It is similar to producing a welded assembly. The 0.400 inch piece portion is reheated to 2050 ° F. and hot rolled to 0.143 inch.

Annealing studies were performed on samples of 0.143 inch hot rolled material to study the appropriate temperature and time to anneal the hot rolled material prior to cold rolling. Five pairs of 2 × 3 inch samples of hot rolled material are annealed at 1950 ° F. for 2, 5, 8, 14, and 20 minutes. Samples annealed at 1950 ° F. for 5 minutes show producing microstructures that are completely recrystallized in both the T-316L core layer and the nickel cladding layer without excessive grain growth in the layer.

Excuse me 3

Observations of the assemblies of Examples 1 and 2 above indicate that the nickel cover plate material is completely contained within the framing during hot rolling reduction without flowing beyond the stainless steel framing. Thus, the 0.5 inch gap between the cover plate and the setting element is removed from the assembly of Example 3 this time. The design may provide a higher yield of double-clad material because the cover plate can cover a larger percentage of the surface area of the core plate without a gap. FIG. 15 shows an example 3 welded assembly 410 with a cover plate 412 welded to a butted-up setting element 416 and a setting element 416 welded to the core plate 414. Indicates. As shown in FIG. 15, the fluid conduit 420 is welded to the removal hole on the side of the 2 inch thick core plate 414. The removal hole crosses at the right angle with a hole that is entirely drilled through the core plate 414 and opens at the two surfaces of the core plate 414 covered by the cover plate 412. As above, the removal aperture and fluid conduit 420 flow fluidly in the space between the core plate 414 and the cover plate 412. Most of the atmosphere in the welded assembly 412 is removed through the tubing 420, and the removal holes in the assembly 412 are welded off before hot rolling.

The removed weld assembly is hot rolled from 2050 ° F. to 0.402 inch, subsequently heated back to 2050 ° F. and hot rolled up to 0.138 inch. Metallographic analysis is performed on the material at each thickness. The sample examined showed that the nickel / T-316L stainless steel interface was fully bonded without evidence of voids or large oxide content. The sample exhibits a content similar in volume, size and distribution to that seen in the hot rolled sample of the welded assemblies of Examples 1 and 2. This indicates that the inclusions found in the core / cladding interface are not due to the presence of the atmosphere in the welded assembly, but instead from rust that is present on the contact surface of the plate prior to construction of the welded assembly. Thus, it is not necessary to remove the welded assembly constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the method of the present disclosure before hot rolling. It is presumed that machining the surface of the plate by surface grinding and / or other surface preparation techniques may be important to remove surface rust. The advantages grained from the surface finish, of course, depend on the construction and conditions of the plate used, for example a particular plate may be constructed of a material which is likely to better improve the corrosion at issue.

Example 4

Considering the outcome of the cold rolling schedule using the hot rolled material produced in Example 1, a more aggressive cold rolling schedule is tested on the welded assembly having a structure substantially the same as that of Example 1. . It is observed that there is no significant difference in the amount of oxides in the stainless steel core / nickel cladding interface in hot rolled products made from the discharged and non-drained assemblies of the examples. Thus, the clad pack assembly of Example 4 is not ejected.

The welded assembly is hot rolled up to 0.401 inch at 2050 ° F., then reheated to 2200 ° F., and hot rolled up to 0.119 inch. Half of the 0.119 inch material (“Assembly # 4-A”) is annealed at 1950 ° F. for 5 minutes to soften for cold rolling. The remaining half of the 0.119 inch material (“Assembly # 4-B”) is reheated to 2200 ° F. and again hot rolled to reduce to 0.085 inch in two passes. Depending on the reduced hot band gauge for assembly # 4A, a relatively low cold rolling / annealing cycle can be reached at the final gauge. Assembly # 4-A is successfully cold rolled to the desired final gauge of 0.013 using the following three cold rolling / annealing cycles.

0.119 in → 0.057 in (52% decrease)

Annealed for 3 minutes in air at 1950 ° F, using 10% HNO ₃ using a grit blast After pickling for 10 seconds at 2% HF

                 ↓

0.057 inches → 0.027 inches (52% decrease)

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Annealed in air at 1950 ° F. for 3 minutes, using 10% HNO ₃ using sand blast After pickling for 45 seconds at 2% HF

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0.027 inch → 0.013 inch (52% decrease)

The reduced hot rolling band gauge material of assembly # 4-B is successfully cold rolled to the desired final gauge of 0.01 inch using only two cold rolling / annealing cycles, as follows.

0.091 inches → 0.034 inches (60% decrease)

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Annealed in air at 1950 ° F for 3 minutes and pickled for 45 seconds in 10% HNO ₃ /2% HF using sand blasting.

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0.034 inches → 0.013 inches (60% decrease)

In the two sequences, any single roll pass during cold rolling is limited to approximately 0.005 inches (approximately 5% reduction) so that there is no stress on the material and there is a risk of delamination. This does not occur. In accordance with this limitation, no delamination or edge checking is observed during any rolling step performed on assemblies # 4-A and # 4-B, which indicates that quite aggressive cold rolling is possible. The final gauge material from assemblies # 4-A and # 4-B is bright annealed at 1700 ° F. hydrogen for 3 minutes and a tensile test is performed on the bright anneal material.

In addition, more aggressive cold rolling is being investigated which can increase the manufacturing speed. A sample of 0.0119 inch hot band material annealed and peaked from assembly # 4-A is cold rolled as follows:

0.119 in → 0.039 in (67% decrease)

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Annealed in air at 1950 ° F for 3 minutes and pickled for 45 seconds in 10% HNO ₃ /2% HF using sand blasting.

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0.039 inch → 0.013 inch (67% decrease)

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Bright annealed at 1800 ° F for 1 minute

Cold rolling was performed to reduce the thickness by approximately 15% per rolling pass or to reduce the thickness by about three times the target reduction limit per pass in the preceding cold rolling sequence. The resulting final gauge double-clad material, although somewhat edged, showed no signs of stacking separation at all. However, the edge roughness is of little importance because the final gauge material removes traces of framing material and weld deposits and is edge trimmed to the preferred width. The metallurgical and mechanical properties of the bright annealed and cold rolled double-clad material of a final gauge of 0.013 inches are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

characteristic Average test results Nickel ratio 15.1% (per side) Nickel thickness 0.0020 in (per face) Grain size ASTM 7 (Ni) ASTM 10 (T-316L) The tensile strength 83,900 psi Yield strength 37,200 psi Percent elongation 46.2% Hardness 96HV (Ni) 180HV (T-316L) Bending test

Example 5

The mill-scale welded assembly is constructed from 3.75 inch thick T-316L stainless steel, such as a core material having a width of 32.5 inches and a length of 132 inches. The core plate is sandwiched between two 0.75 inch thick UNS 02201 nickel plates that are 28.5 inches wide and 128 inches long. The core plate is machined on both sides to provide an area of groove structure to accommodate the nickel plate having a relatively small length and width. As such, the margin of the T-316L stainless steel plate is encircled or the margin of the outer surface of the cladding material plate is bordered to prevent the nickel cladding material from spreading beyond the dimensions of the stainless steel core material during hot rolling. An integrated frame is provided for this purpose. Nickel plates are generally welded into a frame formed by the core material as described in the examples above. The assembly is then heated to 2050 ° F. and hot rolled into an intermediate gauge hot rolled band on a mill-scale hot stripper.

Micrographs of the samples from the hot rolling band are observed and the bond quality between the core and the cladding layer is shown to be very good. Since the only significant disadvantage observed is blisters in a location near the center of the strip, the band surface is cast to be irradiated and accommodated. Some minor feathering / lamination separations are observed along the melting boundary between the deposit and the nickel cladding layer.

Example 6

The mill-scale welding assembly is prepared from two 128 inch by 28.5 inch UNS 02001 nickel cover plates such as cladding material and 132 inch by 32.5 inch (length X width) T-316L stainless steel plates such as core material. The thickness of the core plate may be 3.75 inches, and the thickness of each cover plate may be 0.75 inches relative to the total assembly thickness 5.25 inches. The recess, shaped to receive the cover plate, is machined on each side of the core plate, and three pegs are machined at each end of each recess. FIG. 16 is a top view of one side of the core plate 220 in which the recess 224 is shown, wherein the projected margin 226 is located on the core plate 220 and forms a wall of the recess 224. Six pegs 225 extend from the surface 227 of the recess 224. The other side of the core plate 220 (not shown in FIG. 16) will have substantially the same shape. Each nickel cover plate is machined to include six bores at predetermined positions, each guiding cover plate is placed in a recess of the core plate such that six pegs of the core plate are machined from the cover plate. Protrudes through the two bores. The thickness of the core plate may be 3.75 inches, and the thickness of each cover plate may be 0.75 inches relative to the 5.25 inches thickness of the entire assembly. The cover plate is welded to the core plate at the seam between the protruding edge of the cover plate and the cover plate and at the seam between the bores and peds in the cover plate. Pegs are provided to further prevent slippage of the cover plate relative to the core plate during hot rolling.

The assembly is heated to approximately 2050 ° F. and hot rolled to a hot rolling band of intermediate gauge on a reversible machine. The hot rolling band is then trimmed to the desired width suitable for cold rolling. The hot rolling band is then annealed for 1 minute in air at, for example, 1900 ° F., descaled, optionally pickled, and the surface is ground and then cold rolled. The cold rolling material is annealed for 1 minute in air at, for example, 1900 ° F., descaled, optionally pickled again, surface ground, and rolled. This material is bright annealed, cold rolled to the final gauge and then bright annealed again. If desired, the material is then formed into flattened stretcher leveled.

It will be understood that the specification is shown for features of a clear understanding of the invention. Certain features that are apparent to those skilled in the art do not facilitate a more detailed understanding of the present invention and are not described to simplify the present specification. Although embodiments of the present invention will be described, those skilled in the art will recognize that many variations and modifications of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. Such variations and modifications of the invention are encompassed by the following claims and the above description.

Claims (41)

In the method of producing a clad product, This method, Providing a welded assembly comprising a cladding material disposed on a substrate material, a substrate material individually selected from an alloy and a cladding material, One or more edges of the cladding material in the welded assembly do not extend to the first edge of the substrate material and thus provide a margin between the first edges, The material, which is an alloy with hot strength greater than the cladding material, is in margin and near the first edge of the cladding material, Hot rolling the welded assembly to provide a hot rolled band, The material in the margin prevents the cladding material from spreading to the edge of the substrate material during hot rolling. The method of claim 1 wherein the cladding material and the substrate in the welded assembly are plates and the margin is between the first edge of the cladding material and the first edge of the plate of substrate material. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the material having a higher hot strength than the cladding material is a substrate material. 4. The plate of cladding material according to claim 3, wherein a plate of cladding material is disposed in a recess formed in the surface of the plate of substrate material such that a protruding portion of the substrate material defines one or more walls of the recess, Method for producing a clad product, characterized in that the vicinity of the first edge of the. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the recess is formed in the surface of the plate of substrate material by one of casting, forging, machining and material removal processes. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the plates of cladding material each have a length and width less than the length and width of the plate material of the substrate material such that the margin extends around the entirety of the substrate material. . 5. The plate of cladding material according to claim 4, wherein the plates of cladding material each have a length and width less than the length and width of the plate of substrate material, wherein the protruding portions of the plate of substrate material define the peripheral wall of the recess and the entire circumference of the cladding material A method of producing a clad product, characterized in that it extends around the entirety of the plate of substrate material to be near the edge. 3. The clad product according to claim 2, wherein at least one setting element of the material which is an alloy having a hot strength less than the cladding material is located on the plate of the substrate material in the margin and near the first edge of the plate of the cladding material. How to produce. 3. A plate according to claim 2, wherein the plates of cladding material each have a length and width less than the length and width of the plates of substrate material, the margins surrounding the entirety of the plates of cladding material and one or more setting elements within the margins. And a plate of substrate material located near the entire periphery of the plate of cladding material. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the substrate material is selected from the group consisting of stainless steel and carbon steel. The method of claim 2, wherein the substrate material is selected from the group consisting of T-316L stainless steel, T-316 stainless steel, T-304L stainless steel, and T-304 stainless steel. The method of claim 2, wherein the cladding material is selected from the group consisting of nickel, nickel alloys, copper, copper alloys, and stainless steel. The method of claim 2, wherein the cladding material is selected from UNS N02200 nickel and UNS N02201 nickel. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the material in the margin having a higher hot strength than the cladding material is selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, nickel-based superalloys and cobalt-based superalloys. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the material in the margin having a higher hot strength than the cladding material is selected from the group consisting of T-316L stainless steel and T-304 stainless steel. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises selectively annealing the hot rolled band and cold rolling the hot rolled band with a clad strip having an intended gauge. Method for producing a clad product, characterized in that. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein providing a welded assembly welds the marginal material to a plate of cladding material and a plate of substrate material. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein providing a welded assembly further comprises welding a portion of the plate of substrate material in the margin to the plate of cladding material. 17. The clad according to claim 16, wherein cold rolling the hot rolled band to the clad strip having the desired gauge comprises at least two cold rolling steps and the cold rolled strip is annealed in an intermediate continuous step of cold rolling. How to produce the product. 24. The method of claim 23 wherein the cold rolling strip is bright annealed in the middle of two successive cold rollings. 3. The clad product according to claim 2, wherein the clad product is a double clad product and the welded assembly comprises two plates of cladding material, one of the plates of cladding material disposed on each of the opposite surfaces of the plate of the substrate material. How to produce. 17. The material of any of claims 1, 2 or 16 wherein the cladding material is nickel UNS N02201 nickel, the substrate material is T-316L stainless steel and the materials disposed in the margin are T-316L stainless steel and T. -304 method of producing a cladding product, characterized in that it is selected from stainless steel. In the method of manufacturing clad stainless steel, Providing a welded assembly comprising disposing a plate of cladding material comprised of an alloy on a stainless steel plate, At least one first edge of the plate of cladding material does not extend to the first edge of the stainless steel plate and thus provides a margin on the stainless steel plate, Place one or more set elements in the margin and near the first edge, Weld the plate of cladding material to the set element and the set element to a stainless steel plate, Hot rolled the welded assembly to provide a hot rolled band, And said set-up element prevents the cladding material from spreading over the first edge of the stainless steel plate during hot rolling. 24. The substrate of claim 23 wherein the plates of cladding material have respective lengths and widths less than the length and width of the plates of substrate material, respectively, wherein each edge of the plate of cladding material is spaced apart from adjacent edges of the stainless steel plate. A method of manufacturing clad stainless steel, wherein the cladding is widened around the entire periphery of the steel plate and at least one setting element is disposed in the margin around the entirety of the plate of cladding material. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the stainless steel plate is made of a material selected from T-316L stainless steel, T-316 stainless steel, T-304L stainless steel, and T-304 stainless steel. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the cladding material is selected from the group consisting of nickel, nickel alloys, copper, copper alloys, and stainless steel. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one setting element is selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, nickel-based superalloys and cobalt-based superalloys. 32. The clad stainless steel of claim 31, wherein the cladding material is nickel, the stainless steel plate is T-316L stainless steel, and the at least one set element is one of T-316L stainless steel and T-304 stainless steel. How to manufacture. The method of claim 23, wherein the clad product is a double clad product, Providing a welded assembly; On each of the opposite surfaces of the stainless steel plate a plate of cladding material consisting of an alloy, Each first edge of the plate of cladding material does not extend to the first edge of the stainless steel plate and thus provides a margin to each of the opposite surfaces of the stainless steel plate, Place one or more set materials consisting of an alloy having a greater hot strength than the cladding material in the margin and near the first edge of each plate of the cladding material; And welding each of the plate of cladding material and the stainless steel plate to a nearby setting element. 30. The plate of claim 29, wherein each plate of cladding material has a length and width less than the length and width of the stainless steel plate, respectively, and is disposed over the stainless steel plate such that the margin is total of the stainless steel plate on each opposite side of the stainless steel plate. A method of manufacturing clad stainless steel, characterized in that it extends around and one or more set elements are disposed in margins around the entirety of each plate of cladding material. 30. The method of claim 23 or 29, wherein the method comprises selectively annealing the hot rolled band and cold rolling the hot rolled band to a clad strip having an intended gauge. Way. In the method of manufacturing clad stainless steel, The method includes hot rolling a welded assembly to provide a hot rolled band, the welded assembly comprising a stainless steel plate welded to a plate of alloy cladding material, the plate of cladding material being stainless Disposed in a recess on the surface of the steel plate so that the protruding portion of the stainless steel plate defines the recess, surrounds the periphery of the plate of the cladding material, and the protruding portion of the stainless steel plate is stainless A method of manufacturing clad stainless steel, characterized in that it prevents spreading over the edge of the steel. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the stainless steel plate is made of a material selected from T-316L stainless steel, T-316 stainless steel, T-304L stainless steel, and T-304 stainless steel. . 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the cladding material is selected from the group consisting of nickel, nickel alloys, copper, copper alloys, and stainless steel. 33. The stainless steel plate of claim 32, wherein the cladding product is a double cladding product and the welded assembly comprises two plates of alloy cladding material in which each cladding material is disposed in a recess on each opposing surface of the stainless steel plate. A protruding portion of the stainless steel plate on each opposing surface of the confinement defines a recess on a particular surface of the stainless steel plate and surrounds a peripheral edge of the plate of cladding material in the recess. . 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the hot rolled band is selectively annealed and cold rolled the hot rolled band to a clad strip having an intended gauge. In the method of making a double clad stainless steel strip, This method, Nickel alloy in the recess on each opposing surface of the stainless steel plate such that the protruding margin of each opposing surface of the stainless steel plate defines the recess of the surface and surrounds the peripheral edge of the plate of cladding material within the recess. Placing a plate of cladding material selected from and nickel, Weld each plate of cladding material to the adjacent protruding margin of the stainless steel plate, Hot rolled the welded assembly to provide a hot rolled band, A method of making a double clad stainless steel strip comprising cold rolling a hot rolled band with an intended gauge. In the method of making a product, The above method Making a clad product made by the method of any one of claims 1, 30, 39 or 47, A method of making an article of manufacture comprising the clad product as an article of manufacture. 39. The preparation of claim 38 wherein the preparation is selected from the group consisting of chemical cisterns, flue gas conduits, batteries, tubing materials, heat exchangers, piping for oil and gas, tanks for chemicals and cooking utensils. How to make a product, characterized in that. In welded assemblies used in the production of clad products, The welded assembly, A cladding material disposed on the substrate material, The substrate material and the cladding material are both individually selected alloys, In a welded assembly, the first edge of the cladding material does not extend to the first edge of the substrate material and thus provides a margin between the first edges, and an alloy having a higher hot strength than the cladding material is the first of the cladding material. A welded assembly for use in the manufacture of a clad product, characterized in that it is in the vicinity of the second edge and within the margin. In welded assemblies used in the production of clad products, The welded assembly, Stainless steel plate having a first edge; Plate of alloy cladding material with a first edge, A setting element near and in the margin of the first edge of the plate of cladding material, The plate of cladding material is disposed on the surface of the stainless steel plate, and the first edge of the plate of the cladding material does not extend to the first edge of the stainless steel plate and thus margin on the stainless steel between the first edges. To provide And the set element is an alloy having a higher hot strength than the cladding material and is welded to the plate of the cladding material and the stainless steel plate.

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