KR20050108113A - Feed composite comprising spent composts of mushrooms as a dietary trace mineral source and trace mineral-fortified animal products of ruminants - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a feed composition for the ruminant livestock and a production method of livestock of the ruminant, which is enriched with trace minerals, that is, meat and milk, and more particularly, mushroom waste medium which is discarded after producing the trace mineral reinforced mushrooms. The present invention relates to a feed composition for a ruminant shaft containing as a source of trace minerals, and a method for producing livestock products (meat and milk) of the ruminant fortified with trace minerals by feeding it to the ruminant shaft.

Description

Feed Composite Comprising Spent Composts of Mushrooms as a Dietary Trace Mineral Source and Trace Mineral-Fortified Animal Products of Ruminants

The present invention relates to a feed composition for ruminant livestock and a production method of livestock of the ruminant livestock, that is, meat and milk, enhanced with trace minerals useful to the human body, and more specifically, trace minerals (selenium, iron, copper, zinc, iodine). Mushroom waste medium, which is produced after the production of mushrooms with enhanced chromium, is recycled as a source of trace minerals added to the ruminant feed, and fed to the ruminant livestock. Meat and milk).

Trace minerals are constituents of animal body tissues and major enzymes and are known to perform important physiological functions such as improving immune function against disease and adaptation to stress. These kinds of trace minerals are very diverse, such as selenium, iron, copper, zinc, iodine, chromium, etc., and they are all similar in the form of feed additives, so that the followings are similar to those of conventional feed additives for selenium, a representative trace element. The problem will be described.

In particular, since selenium (Se) has been found to play an important role in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) as an essential trace element belonging to the group VIA in the chemical periodic table, interest in this element has increased. Early interest in selenium was limited to the potential toxicity of elements, but as it turned out to play an important role in the human body, it shifted the perception from addictive minerals to essential trace minerals.

Considering the important role of selenium, selenium acts as an anticancer agent against tumor cells induced by chemicals or viruses in laboratory animals. In 1996, American clinical nutritionist Clark's team reported that high intake of selenium was somewhat correlated with decreased cancer incidence, and that selenium had a protective effect on cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction. Several researchers have reported that selenium is important for heart disease, and epidemiological studies revealed that there is an inverse relationship between blood selenium concentration and the incidence of heart disease in humans. Keshan disease, a myocardial disease in children in some areas of China, reported that the risk was reduced through large-scale clinical trials of selenium.

In addition, experiments with seabirds, fish and mammals have shown that selenium antagonizes heavy metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), inorganic mercury (Hg) and methylmercury compounds. It has been reported that selenium has a harmful heavy metal detoxifying effect by acting as a substance to protect heavy metals from the toxicity to heavy metals by forming an inert metal selenide complex.

Globally, selenium intake is closely related to selenium content in the soil of each country, and the selenium content of soil in each country varies widely and ranges from 0.1 to 2 ㎍ Se / kg. Livestock products produced in countries with low selenium content in the soil (Denmark, Finland, New Zealand, Russia, China, etc.) and livestock raised in the region show significantly lower selenium content, and the people in this area have the necessary selenium-containing enzymes in vivo. It is known that they do not get enough selenium to express normally, and about 5 to 1 billion people around the world are estimated to be selenium deficient. In order to maximize the expression of GSH-Px in plasma in the human body, at least 70ng of selenium should be present per ml in plasma, and this level is equal to the amount required for the expression of selenium-containing protein in plasma. In order to maintain the concentration of selenium in the plasma, it is necessary to consume at least 40 μg of selenium throughout the day.

Recently, in the United States, the recommended amount of selenium per day is 55 µg for adults and 40 µg or more for the World Health Organization. In order to reduce the risk of cancer, it is reported that 300 ㎍ of selenium intake per day is required. According to the report, in Korea, the daily intake of selenium is estimated to be 43 ㎍, which is classified as a low intake level.

As described above, selenium not only plays a significant role in human health, but also has received considerable attention as an essential nutrient constituting the components of selenium-containing enzymes and proteins required in vivo. Not only does a large number of people around the world suffer from selenium deficiency, but also the intake of selenium from the Korean people is below the standard. Therefore, it is urgent to develop selenium-containing agricultural products for natural intake of selenium through daily life.

On the other hand, selenium intake from livestock (meat, milk and eggs) accounts for a significant portion of the total selenium intake worldwide and almost 60% in Europe, including Germany, particularly in the United States. Accounted for about 17% of total selenium intake. Most of the selenium present in livestock products is in the form of a mixture of organic selenium, ie selenium cysteine (SeCys) and selenomethionine (SeMet), which are highly available to the human body. Has the greatest impact. Therefore, the selenium content in the soil of most countries including Europe and Asia does not exist enough to be transferred to the food, so that the selenium in livestock is significantly accumulated by feeding the feed enriched with selenium artificially. .

From a nutritional point of view, important chemical forms of selenium include inorganic forms such as selenite, selenate, and organic forms, such as selenium-containing amino acids such as SeMet and SeCys. Selenium-containing amino acids are synthesized by simply replacing selenium at the sulfur position of sulfur-containing amino acids. The utilization rate and accumulation rate of organic and inorganic selenium in livestock are generally known to be superior to organic selenium than inorganic selenium. The organic selenium preparation developed as a conventional feed additive is an organic selenium-enriched yeast in which yeast is cultivated in a high concentration of selenium medium, and it is found that the most selenium-containing amino acid in the yeast is SeMet. Although this is reported to be enhanced, the disadvantage is that it is expensive in terms of cost. Inexpensive inorganic selenium supplements are known to accumulate in muscle tissue and eggs in unit animals (pigs and chickens). However, in ruminants (cows and non-cows), the inorganic selenium supplemented by the reduced environment in the rumen is excreted in powder, which makes it inefficient to use compared to unit animals.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art, its purpose is to feed the ruminant feed containing the mushroom waste medium obtained as a trace mineral source after cultivating the mushroom from the medium enriched in the trace mineral useful to the human body It is in providing a composition.

It is another object of the present invention to improve the utilization of selenium in feed of ruminants having low utilization of inorganic selenium, and at the same time to provide a feed composition for ruminant shaft containing organic selenium as a feed additive at an economically low cost.

Still another object of the present invention is to recycle mushroom waste medium that is discarded after producing a mineral enriched with minerals useful for the human body as a source of trace minerals added to the feed for the ruminant shaft, and the trace mineral in the body of the ruminant shaft is efficiently The present invention provides a livestock product that has been transferred to.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a feed composition for the ruminant shaft containing a mushroom waste medium obtained as a source of trace minerals obtained by cultivating mushrooms from the medium enriched in the trace minerals useful for the human body.

The trace mineral in the above is preferably selected from selenium, iron, copper, zinc, iodine, chromium, etc. as a trace mineral useful to the human body.

In the above, the content of selenium in the mushroom waste medium is preferably such that it is 0.1 ppm or more per feed composition.

The present invention comprises the steps of culturing the mushrooms in a medium enriched in trace minerals useful to the human body; Collecting the mushroom waste medium discarded after completion of the culture and adding it to the ruminant feed as a trace mineral source; And feeding livestock feed to the relevant ruminants to produce meat enriched with trace minerals from livestock from which trace minerals have been transferred into the body.

The trace mineral in the above is preferably selected from selenium, iron, copper, zinc, iodine, chromium, etc. as a trace mineral useful to the human body.

In the above, the content of selenium in the mushroom waste medium is preferably such that it is 0.1 ppm or more per feed.

The present invention comprises the steps of culturing the mushrooms in a medium enriched in trace minerals useful to the human body; Collecting the mushroom waste medium discarded after completion of the culture and adding it to the ruminant feed as a trace mineral source; And feeding livestock feed to the relevant ruminants to produce milk enriched with trace minerals from livestock from which trace minerals have been transferred into the body.

The trace mineral in the above is preferably selected from selenium, iron, copper, zinc, iodine, chromium, etc. as a trace mineral useful to the human body.

In the above, the content of selenium in the mushroom waste medium is preferably such that it is 0.1 ppm or more per feed.

The present invention also provides a livestock product in which the trace composition useful in the human body is fortified by feeding the feed composition of the present invention to livestock. The livestock product may include any form of meat, milk, and other livestock that can be ingested by humans.

Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to selenium which is a representative mineral useful for the human body among the trace minerals. However, according to the contents of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be applied to other trace minerals other than selenium in the same manner, only the selenium will be described below by way of example.

In the above mushroom waste medium is a source of a source of trace minerals, for example, when the mineral is a selenium, after incubating and harvesting selenium-enriched mushrooms in a general mushroom culture medium containing inorganic selenium or organic selenium Include any medium discarded.

Inorganic selenium does not require any particular limitation, for example sodium selenite (Na ₂ SeO ₃ ), sodium selenate (Na ₂ SeO ₄ ) and all other selenium containing compounds are available, but preferably costly Sodium selenite is good considering the side. Organoselenium is not preferred because it is less economical in terms of cost, but it can be used as well.

Inorganic selenium is transferred to the mushroom body as the mushroom grows and is converted into organic selenium having good utilization in the human body by replacing selenium at the sulfur position of sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine, cysteine and cystine) of the mushroom. In addition, there is still a large amount of remaining mushroom selenium and mushroom mycelium in the mushroom waste medium, a mushroom cultivation by-product, causing "organization" of inorganic selenium by mushroom mycelia.

The amount of addition of inorganic selenium in the medium does not require a special limitation, and the addition level is variable depending on the type of cultivation mushroom and mushroom cultivation medium, mushroom cultivation period, and growing conditions. The same is true for trace minerals other than selenium.

Moreover, the kind of mushroom is not limited to a specific species, either. Thus, it can include any type of mushroom known to date. For example, a top mushroom, a mushroom, a pine mushroom, a summer mushroom, a wood, a shiitake, a taste mushroom, a oyster mushroom, a leaf mushroom, a summer mushroom, a pine mushroom, etc. Medium for the cultivation of mushrooms is also widely known, for example, PDA, ME, YM, YE, MCM, DPA, CDA medium and the like.

The mixing ratio of the mushroom feed medium may be determined in various ways depending on the concentration of selenium present in the mushroom waste medium and the composition ratio of the waste medium, but preferably the content of selenium contained in the waste medium (total selenium and organic matter). Selenium content) is preferably set to a content of at least 0.1 ppm, preferably at least 0.3 ppm per feed composition.

The organic selenium-enriched feed is fed to ruminants to economically accumulate selenium in the muscle tissue of livestock, especially when fed to cows, as well as the accumulation in the muscle tissue and selenium-enriched milk. It can also produce high value-added dairy products.

Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, these examples are only presented to understand the content of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to these embodiments.

Example 1 Preparation of Selenium Feed

Investigation of Total Selenium and Organic Selenium Content in Mushroom Waste Medium

To grow selenium-enhanced mushrooms and common mushrooms, two top mushroom farms were selected. One farm grew selenium-enhanced mushrooms and the other planted general mushrooms. The selenium-enriched mushroom is an enoki mushroom with the addition of inorganic selenium (sodium selenite (Na ₂ SeO ₃ ), Sigma Co.) corresponding to 2 ppm (mg Se / kg of compost) of mushroom medium (sawdust, rice bran, dry medium mixed medium). ( Flammulina velutipes ) were grown, and normal mushrooms were not treated with inorganic selenium. The daily production volume of the two farms was 8.64 tons each. The raw material of the medium was put into a stirrer, and stirred for 4 hours. Then, the moisture content of the medium was adjusted to 65%, Na ₂ SeO ₃ as a selenium source was dissolved in ultrapure distilled water, and evenly sprayed on the medium together with tap water. After the medium was produced, the mushrooms were inoculated after sterilization and the mushrooms were grown for 60 days.

The mushroom cultivation process was generally the same as that performed in farmhouses. The mushroom waste medium discarded after mushroom harvesting is a mushroom cultivation by-product that is rich in fiber and mushroom mycelial protein mainly containing sawdust, rice bran, and dried squash. Total selenium and organic selenium contents were investigated to prepare feeds using castrated Hanwoo cattle.

The method of measuring total selenium and organic selenium content in the waste medium is as follows.

1) Total selenium measurement

Determination of total selenium was carried out using an oxygen flask equipped with a platinum holder (500 ml Pyrex material), and 30 times of nitric acid (70%, Sigma Co.) was added to the flask with doubled distilled water (DDW, 18.3㏁Cm). (v / v) 25 ml of the diluted solution was added, excessively saturated with O ₂ for 3 minutes, and then the sample was put into a platinum holder and ignited. When the inside of the flask became clear by leaving it for 30 minutes at room temperature until there was no smoke in the flask, the selenium-collected nitric acid solution was washed with 10 ml of DDW and transferred to a 100 ml beaker. The solution transferred to the beaker was heated for 10 minutes after starting to boil on a heating plate. After heating, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, the solution was diluted with NH ₄ OH (NH ₄ OH: DDW = 1: 1 (v / v), and the pH was adjusted to 2 ± 0.2 with Sigma Co.), followed by 250 ml separatory funnel. Moved to. To the transferred sample solution, 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (1 mg per 1 ml of 0.1 N HCl, Sigma Co.) and 5 ml of hydrooxylamine HCl (5 mg per 1 ml of 0.1 N HCl, Sigma Co.) solution were added. After shaking well, the mixture was left to stand for color reaction at room temperature for 100 minutes. After the color reaction was completed, 5 ml of cyclohexane (Sigma-aldrich, Co.) was added and shaken for 5 minutes, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes for layer separation. When the layers were separated, only the upper cyclohexane layer was taken and centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 3 minutes. After the centrifugation, only pure cyclohexane samples were taken and total selenium was quantified by measuring the optical density (OD) values of the sample and the standard solution at 380 nm using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan).

2) Organic Selenium Measurement

Organic selenium was quantified by subtracting the amount of selenium remaining in the inorganic form, that is, selenite, from the total selenium content of the waste medium analyzed above. The amount of inorganic selenium was analyzed by the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine method, and the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine reacts with selenite ions to form a yellow substance, but organic substances such as selenocysteine and selenomethionine Experiments confirmed that it did not react with selenium at all. An appropriate amount of lyophilized waste medium powder was dissolved in ammonium chloride (NH ₄ Cl) solution in a flask and the pH was corrected to 2-3. The color reaction was started by adding 0.5% diaminobenzidine solution, and the pH was corrected to neutral again with ammonia water. The resulting yellow substance was extracted with toluene and quantified by measuring the OD values of the standard sample and the waste medium at 420 nm.

Preparation of Selenium Feed by Levels of Cattle-Fried Hanwoo Beef Using Mushroom Waste Medium

Based on the total selenium content and general analysis results of mushroom waste medium and selenium-enriched mushroom waste medium, selenium levels were used as the selenium feed source in late beef cattle (0.1 mg, 0.3 mg, 0.6 mg and 0.9 mg per kg of feed). Feed was blended. Other nutrients, except selenium, were formulated so that the protein and energy levels were the same among the treatments. The source of selenium used for feed was mushroom waste medium, and no additional selenium additives were used.

On the other hand, the general component analysis of the prepared feed was analyzed according to the AOAC (1995) method, TDN, the total amount of plasticized nutrients followed the calculation formula of NRC (1989).

Example 2 Specification Test and Selenium-Enhanced Korean Beef Production

In order to produce selenium-enhanced Hanwoo beef, the test for selenium level feed prepared above was carried out to select 20 head-laden beef cattle with similar body weight (average weight 613㎏) and growth age (20-24 months). Five heads were placed per pen. Experimental diets were fed and reared for 90 days in Korean cattle to investigate blood selenium content and blood glutathione peroxidase activity, and selenium content after muscle slaughter and organ (liver).

The selenium content in blood, liver and muscle was quantified in total selenium by the same method as the above lung medium assay, and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in blood was measured for total GSH-Px activity. The results were analyzed statistically using SAS package program (2000, release. 8.1 ver.). The significance test of each treatment section was Duncan's multiple test at 5% of p value.

<Table 1> Selenium Composition of Selenium-enriched Mushroom Waste Media

Item Treatment Zone ¹⁾ p value Se-free Se-treatment - Mushrooms lung Badge - Total Se, μg / g Inorganic Se, μg / g Organic Se, μg / g Organic Se 0.08 ± 0.01 ND ²⁾ 0.08 ± 0.01- 5.04 ± 0.09 1.73 ± 0.03 3.31 ± 0.06 3.23 ± 0.06 ³⁾ <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001-

¹⁾ All numerical values are expressed as mean (3 repetition) ± standard error, expressed as building standard, ²⁾ not detected (less than 2ng / g), ³⁾ formula for pure organic selenium increase = selenium in selenium treated waste medium Content-selenium content in untreated selenium medium.

<Table 2> Raw Material Formulation and Chemical Composition of Organic Selenium Feed for Cattle-Growed Cattle (Preparation Example)

ingredient Treatment 0.1 ppm 0.3 ppm 0.6 ppm 0.9 ppm ----- Ingredients (%, Raw Material) ----- Corn (Grain) Corn Gluten Mill SMC ¹⁾ Se-SMC ¹⁾ Tolsfesk (Bran ⁾ Buckwheat Bran Urea, Vitamin / Mineral Blend ²⁾ Fermenter 41.65 6.6333.75- 4.74 1.89 5.85 0.45 4.50 0.09 0.45 41.65 6.6324.75 9.00 4.74 1.89 5.85 0.45 4.50 0.09 0.45 41.65 6.6311.2522.50 4.74 1.89 5.85 0.45 4.50 0.09 0.45 41.65 6.63-33.75 4.74 1.89 5.85 0.45 4.50 0.09 0.45 Chemical composition (%), building standard Dry crude protein Crude fiber Acidic detergent Insoluble fiber Neutral detergent Insoluble fiber Crude fat Viewable matter Soluble nitrogen-free selenium , MG / kg Organic Se, MG / kg Inorganic Se, MG / kg Plasticizer ³ 71.2416.2712.9316.8024.61 3.43 3.1864.19 0.12 0.12 ND ⁴⁾ 72.91 71.2616.3211.9016.7824.50 2.79 3.0365.97 0.42 0.32 0.1073.04 71.3015.8013.9917.7525.33 3.92 3.1963.10 0.87 0.63 0.2472.79 71.3315.4314.8418.7125.20 4.03 3.2162.49 1.25 0.87 0.3972.47

¹⁾ SMC means mushroom waste medium, ²⁾ Ca 15%, P 6.8%, Mg 7.0%, Na 7.8%, Zn 5,000mg / kg, Mn 4,000mg / kg, Cu 500mg / kg, I 300mg / Kg, Co 20mg / kg, Se 0mg / kg, Vitamin A 400,000 IU / kg, Vitamin D ₃ 75,000 IU / kg, Vitamin E 500mg / kg, ³⁾ Calculated based on the calculation formula of NRC (1989) , ⁴⁾ not detected.

<Table 3> Changes in Selenium Concentrations in Blood

Time (week) Treatment Se effect 0.1 ppm 0.3 ppm 0.6 ppm 0.9 ppm p value --- Blood Selenium ¹⁾ , ng / ml --- 24812 110.86 ± 3.06 ^c 104.61 ± 4.31 ^d 102.64 ± 2.40 ^d 102.57 ± 3.67 ^{d 120.51} ± 5.17 ^bcB 128.12 ± 1.88 ^cB 161.00 ± 3.00 ^cA 167.50 ± 2.50 ^cA 132.59 ± 3.95 ^bC 186.50 ± 5.50 ^bB 208.50 ± 4.50 ^bAB 197.50 ± 2.50 ^bA 164.13 ± 4.41 ^aC 213.46 ± 2.16 ^aB 234.50 ± 3.50 ^aA 237.00 ± 2.00 ^aA 0.00330.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 Time effect p value 0.3871 0.0013 0.0008 0.0003

¹⁾ The selenium concentration in blood was lyophilized and analyzed by selenium, and the analyzed value was expressed in terms of liquid blood concentration. The other letters in the same row as ^{a, b, c, and d} were significantly different (selenium level). Effect), ^and other characters in the column ^, such as ^{A, B, and C,} have significant differences (effects over time).

TABLE 4 Changes in GSH-Px Activity in Plasma (Specification Test, FIG. 2)

Time (week) Treatment Se effect 0.1 ppm 0.3 ppm 0.6 ppm 0.9 ppm p value --- Total GSH-Px activity, Unit ¹⁾ ---  2 4 812 0.527 ± 0.03 ^c 0.734 ± 0.09 ^b 0.697 ± 0.03 ^b 0.622 ± 0.04 ^b 0.658 ± 0.02 ^b 0.772 ± 0.07 ^b 0.740 ± 0.06 ^b 0.670 ± 0.09 ^b 0.931 ± 0.04 ^aC 1.045 ± 0.02 ^aBC 1.060 ± 0.04 ^aB 1.364 ± 0.04 ^aA 0.939 ± 0.04 ^aB 1.165 ± 0.04 ^aB 1.168 ± 0.08 ^aB 1.457 ± 0.14 ^aA <0.0001 0.0022 0.0007 0.0007 Time effect p value 0.1097 0.5804 0.0007 0.0102

¹⁾ One unit of total GSH-Px activity is 1 μmol of NADPH oxidized for 1 minute per milliliter of plasma; other letters in rows such as ^{a, b, c} have significant differences (selenium level effect); other letters in columns such as ^{A, B, C} have significant differences There is (effect over time).

<Table 5> Selenium Content Investigation in the Korean Cattle (Fig. 3a) and Liver (Fig. 3b)

Item Treatment p value 0.1 ppm 0.3 ppm 0.6 ppm 0.9 ppm --- Tissue selenium, μg / g of dry --- Situation ¹⁾ Liver ²⁾ 0.273 ± 0.003 ^a 0.789 ± 0.044 ^a 0.368 ± 0.029 ^b 1.401 ± 0.207 ^b 0.398 ± 0.047 ^bc 2.392 ± 0.454 ^cd 0.457 ± 0.024 ^c 3.097 ± 0.612 ^d 0.01590.0483 --- Increase rate of hind legs,% --- increase, % 100 135.09 ± 10.77 146.09 ± 17.30 167.60 ± 8.92 - --- Increase rate of livers,% --- increase, % 100 177.45 ± 26.21 303.12 ± 57.49 392.29 ± 77.52 -

^{1), 2)} The average value of 5 castrated cattle per treatment group, expressed as a building standard. ^{A, b, c, d} Other characters have significant differences in the treatment period.

According to the present invention, the mushroom waste medium which is discarded after producing a mineral enriched in minerals useful for the human body can be recycled as a source of trace minerals added to the feed for ruminants, and also contained in the mushroom waste medium supplied as such. Trace minerals useful to the human body has been found to be efficiently transferred to the body of the ruminant shaft, it can be seen that very useful as a source of trace minerals of livestock feed.

In addition, it is possible to reduce farmers 'feed costs for the domestic feed market, which relies solely on imports, so that they can not only increase farmers' profits but also provide functionally enhanced products to those who consume meat and milk of ruminants. Therefore, it contributes to national health very much.

Figure 1 is a graph of blood selenium concentration measured by feeding the feed composition according to the present invention in Korean cattle

Figure 2 is a graph of the change in GSH-Px activity in plasma measured by feeding the feed composition according to the present invention in Hanwoo

Figure 3 is a graph of the results of selenium content in the beef cattle (a) and liver (b) measured by feeding the feed composition according to the present invention to the domestic cattle

Claims (10)

Feed composition for ruminant shaft containing mushroom waste medium obtained as a source of trace minerals after cultivating mushrooms from medium enriched with trace minerals useful for human body The composition of claim 1, wherein the trace mineral is selected from selenium, iron, copper, zinc, iodine and chromium. The composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of selenium in the mushroom waste medium is 0.1 ppm or more per feed composition. Culturing the mushrooms in a medium fortified with trace minerals useful to the human body; Collecting the mushroom waste medium discarded after completion of the culture and adding it to the ruminant feed as a trace mineral source; And feeding livestock feed to the relevant ruminants to produce meat enriched with trace minerals from livestock from which trace minerals have been transferred into the body. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the trace mineral is selected from selenium, iron, copper, zinc, iodine and chromium. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the content of selenium in the mushroom waste medium is such that the content is at least 0.1 ppm per feed. Culturing the mushrooms in a medium fortified with trace minerals useful to the human body; Collecting the mushroom waste medium discarded after completion of the culture and adding it to the ruminant feed as a trace mineral source; And feeding livestock feed to the ruminants to produce milk enriched with trace minerals from livestock from which trace minerals have been transferred into the body. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the trace mineral is selected from selenium, iron, copper, zinc, iodine and chromium. The method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the content of selenium in the mushroom waste medium is such that the content is at least 0.1 ppm per feed. Livestock products in which the trace composition of claim 1 is fed to livestock and the trace substances useful for the human body are fortified